GROUP 11 Pre Tensioning

BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 5
TTH 9:30 – 12:00PM

AR. JAMES TIPAY
RESEARCH WORK NO: 001
“PRE-STRESSED CONCRETE”
DATE ISSUED: Sept. 12, 2023
DATE DUE: Sept. 28, 2023

DATE SUBMITTED: Oct. 05, 2023
REFERENCES:
https://www.academia.edu/40377649/Pre_stressed_concrete
https://www.slideshare.net/manishakhandelwal4/prestressing
CALIA, KRYSHIA ANNE P. -2015103818

CORTES, JOSHUA -2018300127
MARIANO, RUTH ZAIRAH -2015300097
SARABIA, PAULA LE TRIZE D.C. -2018300310
BS ARCHITECTURE / 4B
Pre-stressed Concrete
Prestressed concrete structure can be defined as a concrete structure where external
compressive forces are applied to overcome tensile stresses caused by unavoidable loads due
to gravity, wind, etc. In other words, it is per-compressed concrete meaning that compressive
stresses are introduced into areas where tensile stresses might develop under working load
and this pre-compression is introduced even before the structure begins its working life. A
fundamental aim of prestressed concrete is to limit tensile stresses, and hence flexural
cracking, in the concrete under working conditions. Design is therefore based initially on the
requirements of the serviceability limit state. Subsequently considered are ultimate limit state
criteria for bending and shear. The analysis and design of prestressed concrete is a speciallsed
field, which cannot possibly be covered comprehensively in this research.
Definition of pre-stress
Pis to introduce internal stresses into (something, such as a structural beam) to counteract the
stresses that will result from applied load (as in incorporating cables under tension in
concrete).
Pre-tensioning
Pre-tensioning the spokes in a bicycle wheel
The pre-tension of a spoke in a bicycle wheel is applied to such an extent that there
will always be a residual tension in the spoke.
If we want to construct a beam or Lenten by number of blocks, actually we have two ways as
follows: 1-By construct an arch, cutting the blocks into a certain ships "trapezoidal" to be said
by said acting as one body so the load transfers from each block to another downwards. 2-By
compressing that blocks with a tendons to resist the loads by fraction and opposite
compression this can be applied by prestressing the blocks with tendons.
Pre-tensioning or Post-tensioning
This is the most important classification and is based on the sequence of casting the
concrete and applying tension to the tendons.
This is used for producing precast prestressed concrete products such as bridge beams, double
T beams for floors, floor slabs, railway sleepers, etc. In this method, as shown inFig.2.1
Prestressing steel is pre-tensioned against independent anchorages prior to the placement of
concrete around it. Such anchorages are supported by large and stable bulkheads to support
the exceeding high concentrated forces applied to the individual tendons. The term “pre-
tensioning” means pre-tensioning of the prestressing steel, not the beam it serves.
Consequently, a premised beam is a pre-stressed beam in which the pre-stressing tendon is
tensioned prior to casting the section, while a past-tensioned beam is one in which the
prestressing tendon is tensioned after the beam has been cast and has achieved the major
portion of its concrete strength. Pretensioning is normally performed at precasting plants,
where a precasting stressing bed of a long reinforced concrete slab is cast on the ground with
vertical anchor bulkheads or walls at its ends. The steel strands are stretched and anchored to
the vertical walls, which are designed to resist the large eccentric prestressing forces.
Prestressing can be accomplished by prestressing individual strands at one jacking operation.
Stages of Pre-tensioning
In pre-tensioning system, the high-strength steel tendons are pulled between two end
abutments (also called bulkheads) prior to the casting of concrete. The abutments are fixed at
the ends of a prestressing bed. Once the concrete attains the desired strength for prestressing,
the tendons are cut loose from the abutments. The prestress is transferred to the concrete from
the tendons, due to the bond between them. During the transfer of prestress, the member
undergoes elastic shortening. If the tendons are located eccentrically, the member is likely to
bend and deflect (camber). The various stages of the pre-tensioning operation are summarized
as follows. 1) Anchoring of tendons against the end abutments 2) Placing of jacks 3)
Applying tension to the tendons 4) Casting of concrete 5) Cutting of the tendons. During the
cutting of the tendons, the prestress is transferred to the concrete with elastic shortening and
camber of the member.
Advantages of Pre-tensioning
The relative advantages of pre-tensioning as compared to post-tensioning are as follows:
• Pre-tensioning is suitable for precast members produced in bulk.
• In pre-tensioning large anchorage device is not present.
• Rapid Construction
• Better quality control
• Reduce maintenance
• Suitable for repetitive construction
• Section remains uncracked under service loads
• Suitable for precast construction
Disadvantages of Pre-tensioning
The relative disadvantages are as follows.
• A prestressing bed is required for the pre-tensioning operation.

• There is a waiting period in the prestressing bed, before the concrete attains sufficient
strength.
• There should be good bond between concrete and steel over the transmission length.
• The use of high strength materials is costly.
• There is additional cost in auxiliary equipments.
• There is need for quality control and inspection
Availability
• Pre-stressed can be available in various materials such as concrete, steel, etc.
• Some notable building structures constructed from pre-stressed concrete in include:
• Examples: Gateway Bridge, Sydney Opera House, World Tower Sydney, CN Tower
Toronto, Capital Gate Abu Dhabi UAE.
Sydney Opera House- Jorn Utzon (architect)

The Sydney Opera House is the symbol of modern Australia. A World Heritage-listed
masterpiece of “human creative genius,” it exists because a few brave people dared to think
differently. From conception to completion, the building tested the limits of engineering,
construction and design. When the Opera House opened its doors in 1973, changing the
image of Australia, a new era of cultural discovery and community engagement began.
World Tower Sydney- Fender Katsalidis Architects (firm)

The 260m high World Tower building has eight below-ground parking levels, nine
commercial/retail podium levels with 80 commercial suites, and 665 apartments on 67 levels,
with associated plant rooms and recreational facilities, and a construction cost of AUD$350
million. Construction of the structure was completed in June 2003, and the apartments are
expected to be completely fitted out by mid-2005. The plan dimensions of the typical floors
in the tower are 55m x 28m, with large cantilevered balconies. The typical residential level
floors are post-tensioned slabs of flat plate construction spanning nine metres between the
core and perimeter columns. The vertical structure of the tower comprises a central core of
reinforced concrete, shear wall elements and 20 architecturally expressed columns.
CN Tower Toronto- WZMH Architects (firm)
Rated by Guinness World Records as the world’s tallest free-standing structure when built,
the 553-metre-high tower was originally conceived as a telecommunications tower to provide
UHF, VHF, FM, microwave and fixed-mobile system broadcast facilities for regional
communications. However, the CN Tower quickly became an iconic landmark on the Toronto
skyline and a major tourist attraction, drawing more than two million visitors annually. In
1995, the American Society of Civil Engineers classified the CN Tower as one of the Seven
Wonders of the Modern World. The tower is supported by a Y-shaped base, with each side
narrowing gracefully to merge into a central hexagonal core. It incorporates 40,524 m³ of
concrete, 4,500 tonnes of reinforcing steel and 550 tonnes of structural steel. The tower
features high-speed elevators, double-pane, armour-plated windows, as well as a revolving
restaurant and tourist attractions located in the pod near the top of the tower.
Capital Gate Abu dhabi UAE - RMJM (firm)
The Capital Gate ‘Feature Tower’ is an iconic development located on the exhibition site of
the greater ADNEC masterplan. The tower is distinguished by a dramatic steel and glass
facade with a striking organic form. With its cantilevered tea lounge and open air pool deck,
it provides a unique presence on the skyline of Abu Dhabi and creates a memorable identity
to the exhibition centre. A sculptural stainless steel ‘splash’ flows down the front and at low
level forms the hotel entrance canopy, flowing over the existing grandstand and acting as a
solar shading device for both the building and the grandstand seating.
Characteristics
• The essence of pre-stressed concrete is that once the initial compression has been applied,
the resulting material has the characteristic of:
• high-strength concrete when subject to any subsequent and compression forces,
• ductile high-strength steel when subject to tension forces,
• durability
• Corrosion protection
• Improves crack control.
• Improves fire performances
Uses
• Building structures are typically required to satisfy a broad range of structural, aesthetic and
economic requirements.
• Bridges materials that are available for the construction of bridges, concrete remains the
most popular structural material.
• Dams concrete dams have used pre-stressing to counter uplift and increase their overall
stability.
• Silos and tanks circular storage structures such as silos and tanks can use pre-stressing
forces to directly resist the outward pressures generated by stored liquids or bulk-solids.
• Nuclear and Blast-containment structures pre-stressed concrete is long-established as a
reliable construction material for high-pressure containment structures.
• Hardstands and pavements heavily loaded concrete ground-slabs and pavements can be
sensitive to cracking and subsequent traffic-driven deterioration. As a result, pre-stressed
concrete is regularly used in such structures.

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BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 5

TTH 9:30 – 12:00PM

RESEARCH WORK NO: 001

DATE ISSUED: Sept. 12, 2023

DATE DUE: Sept. 28, 2023

CALIA, KRYSHIA ANNE P. -2015103818

SARABIA, PAULA LE TRIZE D.C. -2018300310

• A prestressing bed is required for the pre-tensioning operation.

Sydney Opera House- Jorn Utzon (architect)

World Tower Sydney- Fender Katsalidis Architects (firm)

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