A Systematic Assessment of the challenges and opportunities related to studying political

science student in university of Caloocan City for future job application:

A basis for a strategic curriculum development.

Chapter 1

Introduction of the study

Selecting the ideal career is one of the most crucial and significant decisions a person

must make. This may be one indicator of whether someone will succeed in the future or not.

Self-realization, role-playing, career exploration in school, and landing the first job are some of

the tentative steps during this stage. Teenagers need assistance at this time in making the right

choice for their desired career. Political science stands as an inspiration of academic curiosity

and critical inquiry in an era marked by constantly changing global dynamics and a heightened

awareness of the complex interactions between politics and society. Political science students

face a wide range of opportunities and challenges as they begin their academic journey, which

has the potential to profoundly affect both their academic experiences and future career

prospects. This research serves as an investigation into the complex political science education

landscape, aiming to analyze the difficulties that students face while also illuminating the myriad

opportunities it presents. This study looks at the variety of difficulties and opportunities that

political science students in University of Caloocan city face while studying political science,

with a particular emphasis on how these encounters affect how prepared they are for future

careers. Engaging in active collaboration with subject-matter specialists will help it stay current

on the newest findings and trends. By doing this, it is ensured that the curriculum is current and
responsive to the changing political landscape. The goal of this research is to raise awareness of

the transformative power of political science education by showing how it shapes people into

critical thinkers, communicators, and informed citizens who are prepared for success in a variety

of professions. The students need to be prepared to start working. So, they should have a career

strategy and plans in place to meet the needs of the actual corporate world. Making such a career

plan would essentially help them to be prepared in this either in the classroom or when carrying

out office tasks (Bautista, 2003).

Background of the study

The search of knowledge in political science surpasses academic boundaries; it is a

journey that equips individuals with the tools to navigate the complex terrain of governance,

policy, and international relations. Students in political science education go on an inspirational

journey in which they confront numerous obstacles and embrace limitless opportunities. Political

science is more than just an academic pursuit; it is an involvement into the complexities of

political systems, ideologies, and the forces that shape our world. Political science encourages

critical thinking, analytical skills, and a profound understanding of the societal forces that shape

our communities, from the fundamental concepts of governance and citizenship to the nuanced

analyses of global affairs. Political science education instills a global perspective while also

promoting cultural awareness and encouraging students to embrace diversity and foster

inclusivity. It prepares them to understand the interconnectedness of our world and the

importance of global diplomacy and cooperation. Political science student in University of

Caloocan City has challenges and opportunities that are at the center of a transforming

educational journey. This research aims to investigate and dissect every aspect of journey,

shedding light on how it shapes individuals who are not only informed citizens but also proactive
contributors to the betterment of society. It demonstrates political science's enduring importance

in an ever-changing world, as well as its critical role in preparing students for a future of

significant societal impact.

Statement of the Problem

1. Demographic Profile of the Respondents

1.1 Name (optional)

1.2 Age

1.3 Gender

1.4 Year Level

1.5 Class Section

2. What are the specific challenges encountered by political science students at the University of

Caloocan City during their higher education journey?

2.1 Lack of Text Books

2.2 Lack of Seminars for Career Opportunities

3. What opportunities exist within the academic context of the University of Caloocan City for

political science students to enhance their employability and career advancement?

3.1 On the Job Training

3.2 Up-to-date Curriculum

3.3 Departmental Programs and Activities

4. How can a strategically designed curriculum address these challenges and leverage these

opportunities to better equip political science students for successful career entry and

advancement?

5. What specific skills and knowledge areas should be integrated into the curriculum to ensure

that political science students are well-prepared for the demands of their chosen field and job

market?

6. What strategies can be employed to bridge the gap between academic education and practical

application for political science students at the University of Caloocan City?

7. How can the findings of this research inform the development of a curriculum that not only

addresses challenges but also maximizes opportunities for political science students to excel in

their future careers?

Hypothesis

- Strategic curriculum skill development will be efficient at enhancing political science students.

Different opportunities may help a political science graduate be more prepared for a job

opportunity. A graduate of political science may be well-suited and adaptable to a variety of

career paths.

- Challenges will become a stepping stone for political science students to enhance their

knowledge and strategies to be well prepared.

Scope and Delimitation

This research aims to conduct the study on the premises of the University of Caloocan

City South Campus to determine the challenges and opportunities related to studying political
science during the school year 2023-2024. The significant relationship of the variables was

identified including the different public issues with their demographic profile including their

name, age, gender, year level, and Section.

Significance of the study

This study aims to focus on Systematic Assessment of the challenges and opportunities

related to studying political science student in university of Caloocan City for future job

application: A basis for a strategic curriculum development. This was significant to the

following:

Political Science Student. As the study mainly focus on political science students, they

are the one who will benefit from this study as it collects challenges and opportunities data from

them, Political science students may make strategic plan for their career path and create possible

options for their future job choices

Administrators. This study will benefit university heads as they will have the ideas to

come up with enhanced curriculum development through this study, as they can plan up different

solutions for creating a better and more strategic plan for improving the curriculum.

Professors. As the research comes up with different challenges and opportunities for

political science students, professors may get ideas to improve their way of teaching and plan to

come up with better solutions for the challenges of each political science student.

Future Researchers. The study might benefit future researchers as it provides and

gathers data and information regarding improving curriculum.

 Chapter 2

Review of Related Literature

Foreign

Lack of Text Books

Sandeep Kumar (2017). Kumar states that, good books help improve our standard of

living. They add intelligence and give answers to hard questions we all have. Good books are our

friends that supports us throughout every problem we encounter while we are living. They give

us inspiration to work hard, be courageous, and removes ignorance. The bad books, on the other

hand, should be avoided as they contradict they goodness good books bring.

Vijay Shamra (2016). Shamra then states that, books enhance the creativity and clarity in

the student’s minds. Through books, we can see our past, present, and future. We can imagine a

much better future while reading. We can address current global issues while reading. Our past is

examined before, during, and after we read books. Books do not die and will live until the end of

the world. It helps us focus as books helps us become focused on our lives and career goals

whenever we read.

Steve Johnson (2016). Johnson stated that, books exercise our minds. The more we read,

the more information we learn. We start to see and understand things differently and are always

part of our journey when growing up. We start from story books, and proceed to educational.
 Lack of Seminars for Career Opportunities

Elmira Pshembayeva, Nellie Pfeyfer, Meruyert Uaikhanov and Anastasiia Bubenchikova

(2022). This research aims to discuss and analyze the characteristics and elements of the

students’ career opportunities. sample consisted of 102 third- and fourth-year students from

NJSC Toraighyrov University of the Republic of Kazakhstan. 35% of students have a low level

of emotional intelligence and 47% have addictive behaviors in addition, the obtained indicators

can be useful in the development of methods of increasing the motivation of students in

achieving success. Further research is needed to investigate the development of career

opportunities after the application of the proposed career programme and compare it with the

initial career opportunities. The career success of each student and a team member influences

labor productivity within the organization. The research highlights the need to assess work

opportunities in the final years at the university. A graduate with an understanding of career

opportunities and a career path will become a successful professional in the future and a valued

employee of any organization.

Berry College (2022). This article discusses the importance of career exploration in the

college experience and provides various resources and strategies for students to explore potential

career paths. The author emphasizes the need for proactive exploration and highlights the role of

the Center for Personal and Professional Development (CPPD) at Berry College in supporting

students' career journeys. The article suggests using career assessments and tools such as

PathwayU to align personal strengths and interests with potential career options. It also

recommends utilizing platforms like Handshake to connect with employers and explore
internship and job opportunities. The article further suggests engaging in internships, job

shadowing, and attending job fairs to gain hands-on experience and build professional networks.

The author emphasizes the importance of reflecting on experiences, asking questions, and

continuously learning throughout the career exploration process. The article concludes by

highlighting the value of investing time in career exploration during college, as it prepares

students for future career changes and success in the professional world.

Matthew Hora (2023). The conventional wisdom that colleges and universities are failing

to prepare students for the workforce is widely accepted. Employers report difficulty finding

graduates with the necessary soft skills, and students often regret their choice of major. In

response, institutions have focused on promoting job-ready skills, expanding internship

programs, and investing in career services. However, the author argues that the current approach

is flawed and may harm marginalized students. Three main problems are identified: a

misunderstanding of skills as generic rather than context-dependent, an overreliance on off-

campus internships that exclude many students, and a lack of guidance in navigating career-

related opportunities. The author suggests replacing generic views of skills with a more nuanced

understanding, integrating career readiness into the classroom through work-integrated learning,

and providing centralized guidance for students. The aim is to ensure that all students have

access to meaningful career-related experiences. This shift is crucial not only for addressing the

concerns of employers but also for equipping students with the skills needed to tackle societal

challenges.
 On the Job Training

Thomas Montgomery (2021). on-the-job training is more cost-effective than other training

methods, says John H. Henson. OJT allows employees to experience the actual work activities of

the job, he says. Studies show on- the- Job training is related to greater creativity and innovation,

he writes. There are psychological processes associated with adult learning that facilitate the

acquisition of information and skills development. Things such as reinforcement, cognition, and

other learning principles need to be understood to maximize your OJT investment. Key

Considerations. The comprehensive nature of OJT enables even the smallest company to

maximize the benefits of training. It can be rapidly designed using the company’s resources and

is flexible and cost-effective. Key considerations, however, are the quality of the training and the

effectiveness of the trainer (s). Designing a structured OJT program with specific goals, along

with the careful selection of trainers, are essential steps in ensuring a successful in-house OJT

program.

Ellie Richards (2023). according to her on-the-job training (OJT) is training provided to

students in the workplace. She also stated that OJT helps students acquire the skills and

knowledge needed to work in a professional environment. There are different courses of study

and their benefits for students. Because students are given responsibility early on, they learn to
follow instructions and make sure work is done correctly. This also increases student

productivity and makes them more competent in fulfilling their responsibilities. solve unexpected

situations in a typical work environment, things do not always go according to plan. If

employees are not prepared for such situations, they cannot deal with them effectively. Students

get direct experience of various unforeseen situations at work. They learn to easily face such

situations and find ready solutions.

Kyunga Na (2021). This study investigates the effects of on-the-job training and

education level of employees on innovation in emerging markets using sample firms from

BEEPS 2013(Business Environment and Enterprise Performance Survey 2013) datasets provided

by the World Bank. The Heckman two stage regression model is used in order to control for

endogeneity over a final sample of 10,366 firms in Eastern Europe and Central Asia. To estimate

innovation of firms, five indicators of innovation (product, process, organizational, marketing

innovation, and R&D investments) are considered. The results of the study suggest that both on-

the-job training and education level of employees have significant and positive impact on all

forms of innovation. This finding implies that firms in Eastern European and Central Asian

emerging markets can promote innovation by offering more on-the job training programs or

recruiting more educated employees.

Up to Date Curriculum

Marlow Ediger (2018). This article discusses the importance of a quality curriculum in

promoting optimal student achievement. The research problem addressed is the negative impact
of missing class attendance on student progress. The aim of the study is to examine the role of

active engagement and meaningful activities in promoting regular attendance. The methodology

involves observing classroom activities and communication between instructors and absent

students to identify reasons for absences and find remedies. The results suggest that regular

attendance is facilitated by engaging instruction and meaningful activities that promote

motivation. The implications of the study highlight the need for an updated curriculum to

improve job opportunities for college students.

There is a variety of curricular

models for organizing the
undergraduate political science
major (McClellan 2015).
Among them are the traditional
distribution model, which
exposes
students to various subfields in
the discipline, and the
sequenced learning framework
recommended by the Wahlke
Report (Wahlke 1991). Other
pathways include civic
engagement
education, a recent area of
emphasis in the discipline
(Matto et al. 2017).
Embedded in these and other
course arrangements are
theories of how students learn,
what a curriculum is, its
purpose, and its pedagogy. This
analysis applies curriculum
theory to
current and potential models of
the political science curriculum,
describing the strengths and
limits of each structure as a
platform for promoting intended
learning. The findings suggest
that
the future political science
major should not be a one-size-
fits-all framework, but rather a
choice
from curricula that best address
different learning goals.
Departmental Programs and Activities
Theoretical Frame work

A theory is a well-supported statement or collection of ideas that explains observed facts

or events. Some theories aided the researchers in carrying out this study by explaining key

concepts related to the research.

Frank Parsons Trait and Factor Theory

This theory was created by Frank Parsons in the early 1900s, although his theory wasn’t

published until after he died in 1909. His theory consists of two main characteristics: traits and

factors, and third one is the combination of Traits and Factors, ‘Factors’ refer to possible jobs

and occupations, while ‘traits’ refer to qualities of the people seeking careers. In essence, a

professional may test, interview, and observe an individual, assess the results, and then compare

their findings to available occupations, seeking to find the most compatible match possible.

Trait and factor theory have been at the core of career counseling for a century. Parsons

(1909) introduced the idea in his book Choosing a Vocation. In this book, he developed the

essential elements that formed the basis of trait and factor theory. Trait and factor theories have

come under criticism for their static nature and their inability to account for changes in a

person’s vocational orientation. Alongside this criticism, career counseling has grown, such that

developmental (e.g., Super, 1953; 1977; 1990) and social learning theories (Mitchell &

Krumboltz, 1996) now dominate the field. Despite this change in paradigm in career counseling,

the basic premise of person-environment fit has not gone away, but rather evolved and frequently

has been incorporated into other theories. Trait and factor theory continue to be a powerful career
counseling tool. Following a review of the history of trait and factor theories, two theories that

are currently prominent in the field will be discussed in depth. Development of Trait and Factor

Theories Parsons (1909) proposed that vocational guidance should be based on the three

elements. The first is a clear understanding of the individual and her or his abilities, values,

interests, ambitions, resources, and personality. For Parsons, this information was typically

secured through a clinical interview. The second element is knowledge of the world of work.

This includes knowledge of the advantages and disadvantages, compensation, opportunities, and

requirements of each occupation. The third essential aspect to trait and factor theory is a rational

relationship between the first two elements. By relating an individual’s traits to the factors of the

occupation, one may make logical decisions about the appropriateness or likely satisfaction of

the person within that vocational position.

Despite this criticism, trait and factor-based assessments continue to be useful in career

counseling. Hansen and Swanson (1983) found that the Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory

(SCII; now the Strong Interest Inventory, SII) to be a valid predictor of college majors.

Gottfredson and Holland (1975) found the Self-Directed Search (SDS) to be a moderately

efficient predictor of vocational choice. Willis and Ham (1988) found that the Myers-Briggs

Type Indicator (MBTI) was useful in helping clients organize career information. Wholeben

(1988) found that the Personal Career Development Profile (PCDP), based on Cattell’s 16

personality factors, is useful in assisting college students and adults increase career awareness.

Krell (2005) reported that personality assessments are seeing a resurgence in the workplace.

Rather than simply being used to decide whether or not to hire an employee, they are now being

used more frequently for recruitment and placement; a person’s profile may be used to determine

his or her fit with the corporate culture or the work group or even department to which a new
employee is assigned. Directly addressing the complaints of the static nature of personality

assessment, they are now being used more throughout an employee’s career, for aspects such as

conflict resolution, leadership development, coaching, and in helping employees adjust to

structural changes in the workplace.

 Conceptual Framework

By using the input-process-output framework (IPO). This concept serves to illustrate the

study's general structure.

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

1. Respondents Profile
1.1Name (optional)
1.2 Age
1.3 Gender
1.4 Year Level
1.5 Class Section
1. Qualitative Research 1. Enhance Curriculum
2. The specific challenges
encountered by political science 2. Survey Questionnaire 2. Career orientation
students at the University of
3. Analysis of Data 3. Seminar
Caloocan City during their higher
education journey. 4. Job Fair
2.1 Lack of Text Books 5. Job Ready Political Science
Students
2.2 Lack of Seminars for Job
opportunities

3. Opportunities exist within the

academic context of the University
of Caloocan City for political
science students to enhance their
employability and career
advancement
3.1 On the Job Training
3.2 Up-to-date Curriculum
3.3 Departmental Programs and
Activities
 Figure 1. The Conceptual Framework
The Input (1) Consist of Respondents Profiles such as Name, Age, Gender, Year Level
and Class Section this will be use helping researchers to have a better understanding of the
population of interest to their research.
The Process (P) contains the type of research use, the instrument use to gather data and
analysis of the data.
The Output (O) pertains to the factors that would help the respondents and the
administrators to become professionals on their chosen career paths including Enhance
Curriculum, Career Orientation, Seminars, Job Fair and being a Job ready Political Science
Students.