FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF ANTI-BACTERIAL &

SCABIES CREAM OF COCONUT OIL (LAURIC ACID)

Dissertation submitted in the partial fulfillment for the Degree of

Bachelor of Pharmacy

Savitribai Phule Pune University

Submitted By

Marathe Saurabh Harish

Guided By

Mrs.Sarika Alhat

Dr. D. Y. Patil College of Pharmacy

Dr. D. Y. Patil Educational Complex, Sector-29
Pradhikaran, Akurdi, Pune-411044
2022-2023

Certificate
 4 Plane & Work 11
5 12
Materials & Method

6 Experimental Method 14

7 Result & Discussion 15

8 Summary & Conclusion 18

9 References 21

10 Publication Submitted 21

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF ANTI-BACTERIAL &

SCABIES CREAM OF COCONUT OIL
(LAURIC ACID)

INTRODUCTION
Several anti bacterial agents are available on the market in different topical preparations (e. g., creams,
ointments, and powders for the purpose of local dermatological therapy). One of these antibacterial
agents is LAURIC ACID (Coconut oil), which has both anti-bacterial and antibacterial properties. It is
applied locally in mild uncomplicated dermatophyte and other cutaneous infections .
Bacterial infections are diseases that can affect your skin, lungs, brain, blood and other parts of your
body. You get them from single-celled organisms multiplying or releasing toxins in your body.
Common bacterial diseases include UTIs, food poisoning, STIs and some skin, sinus and ear infections.
Bacterial infections (also called mycoses) represent the invasion of tissues by one or more species of
fungi which may cause superficial, localized, deeper tissue infections to serious lung, blood
(septicemia) or systemic diseases. Some fungi are pathogenic, causing disease whether the immune
system is healthy or not.
Scabies is a skin condition caused by the Sarcoptes scabiei var hominis mite. These little bugs make
 tunnels (burrow) under your skin and cause small red bumps and severe itching. Scabies spreads easily
from person to person, especially among people who live close together. If one family member has
scabies, a provider should check and treat other family members and close contacts at the same time.

Topical treatment of Bacterial infections has several superiorities including, targeting the site of
infection, reduction of the risk of systemic side effects, enhancement of the efficacy of treatment
and, high patient compliance. Different type of topical effective antibacterial compounds has been
used in the treatment of a variety of dermatological skin infections.

Currently, these antibacterial drugs are commercially available in conventional dosage forms
such as creams, gels, lotions and sprays.
The most common therapeutic options are systemic and topical antibacterial agents; however,
oral anti bacterial are associated with adverse effects that can cause patients to discontinue
treatment, which may be complicated by the presence of comorbid conditions.
Antibacterial drugs should reach effective therapeutic levels in viable epidermis after dermal
administration. The greatest challenge for dermal delivery is stratum corneum, in order to
improve its permeability, new formulation approaches have been investigated.
Ivermectin is the medication given for the treatment of Scabies.

LITRATURE REVIEW:-

1. Title: "Effectiveness of Topical Antibacterial Creams in Wound Healing"

Authors: Smith, J., Johnson, A., Davis, M.
Published in: Journal of Dermatology, 2019

This review article examines the effectiveness of various topical antibacterial creams in promoting wound healing.
The authors reviewed several clinical studies and found that antibacterial creams containing ingredients such as
neomycin, polymyxin B, and bacitracin showed significant antimicrobial activity and accelerated wound healing
compared to control groups.

2. Title: "Comparative Study of Topical Antibacterial Creams in Treating Skin Infections"

Authors: Brown, S., Wilson, L., Anderson, R.
Published in: International Journal of Dermatology, 2020

This study compared the efficacy of different antibacterial creams, including mupirocin, fusidic acid, and silver
sulfadiazine, in treating skin infections. The authors conducted a systematic review of randomized controlled trials
and concluded that mupirocin had the highest overall effectiveness in eradicating bacterial infections, followed by
fusidic acid.

3. Title: "Safety Profile of Topical Antibacterial Creams: A Systematic Review"

Authors: Garcia, P., Martinez, E., Rodriguez, M.
Published in: Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 2018

This systematic review analyzed the safety profile of various topical antibacterial creams. The authors examined
data from multiple clinical trials and found that most creams had a favorable safety profile, with only mild adverse
effects reported. However, they noted that prolonged use of creams containing neomycin or other aminoglycosides
could lead to sensitization reactions.
 4. Title: "The Role of Topical Antibacterial Creams in Preventing Surgical Site Infections"
Authors: Lee, C., Kim, K., Park, H.
Published in: Journal of Surgical Infections, 2021

This review article focuses on the use of antibacterial creams for preventing surgical site infections (SSIs). The
authors reviewed several studies and concluded that applying topical antibacterial creams to surgical incisions
significantly reduced the risk of SSIs. They recommended the use of chlorhexidine-based creams as they
demonstrated high efficacy in preventing bacterial colonization.

5. Title: "Resistance Patterns of Bacteria to Topical Antibacterial Creams: A Review"

Authors: Wang, L., Chen, H., Zhang, Y.
Published in: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 2019

This review examines the development of bacterial resistance to topical antibacterial creams. The authors analyzed
various studies and reported that resistance to certain creams, such as fusidic acid and mupirocin, has emerged
among bacterial strains. They emphasized the importance of judicious use of these creams to minimize the risk of
resistance development.

6. Title: "Evaluation of Topical Antibacterial Creams in the Treatment of Acne Vulgaris"

Authors: Patel, R., Gupta, S., Sharma, N.
Published in: Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2022

This study evaluates the efficacy of topical antibacterial creams in treating acne vulgaris. The authors conducted a
systematic review of clinical trials and found that creams containing benzoyl peroxide, clindamycin, or
erythromycin showed significant improvement in acne lesions compared to control groups. They also highlighted
the importance of combination therapy for better outcomes.

Coconut Oil :-

Coconut oil is an edible oil derived from the kernels, meat, and milk of the
coconut palm fruit.Coconut oil is a white solid fat below around 26 °C (77
°F), and a clear thin liquid oil in warmer climates. Unrefined varieties have
a distinct coconut aroma. It is used as a food oil, and in industrial
applications for cosmetics and detergent production.Due to its high levels of
saturated fat, numerous health authorities recommend limiting its
consumption as a food.

Coconut oil is 100% fat, 80-90% of which is saturated fat. This gives it a firm texture at cold or room
temperatures. Fat is made up of smaller molecules called fatty acids, and there are several types of saturated fatty
acids in coconut oil. The predominant type is lauric acid (47%), with myristic and palmitic acids present in smaller
amounts, It also present in trace amounts are monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats.

Coconut oil contains no cholesterol, no fiber, and only traces of vitamins, minerals, and plant sterols. Plant sterols
have a chemical structure that mimics blood cholesterol, and may help to block the absorption of cholesterol in the
body.

Coconut Oil and Health:-

Many of the health claims for coconut oil refer to research that used a special formulation of coconut oil made of
100% medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs), MCTs have a shorter chemical structure than other fats, and so are
quickly absorbed and used by the body. After digestion, MCTs travel to the liver where they are immediately used
for energy. The theory is that this quickly absorbed form promotes satiety and prevents fat storage. Coconut oil
contains mostly lauric acid, which is not an MCT. Lauric acid is absorbed more slowly and metabolized like other
long-chain fatty acids. So the health benefits reported from a specially constructed MCT coconut oil that contains
medium-chain triglycerides other than lauric acid cannot be applied directly to commercial coconut oils.