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    Gas Insulated Switchgear

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    harisankar
    Gas Insulated Switchgear (GIS) uses sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) gas as an insulating medium within an enclosed conducting chamber. This allows for [1] minimized space requirements, [2] enhanced safety as there are no exposed live parts, and [3] increased reliability due to reduced maintenance needs and protection from environmental factors. GIS systems use modular designs and SF6's insulating and heat transfer properties to efficiently distribute power at multiple voltage levels in a compact format. Monitoring systems help ensure the ongoing integrity of the SF6 insulation and components through online analysis of gas pressure, partial discharges, leakage currents, and circuit breaker operations.

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    Gas Insulated Switchgear

    Uploaded by

    harisankar
    188 views35 pages
    Gas Insulated Switchgear (GIS) uses sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) gas as an insulating medium within an enclosed conducting chamber. This allows for [1] minimized space requirements, [2] enhanced safety as there are no exposed live parts, and [3] increased reliability due to reduced maintenance needs and protection from environmental factors. GIS systems use modular designs and SF6's insulating and heat transfer properties to efficiently distribute power at multiple voltage levels in a compact format. Monitoring systems help ensure the ongoing integrity of the SF6 insulation and components through online analysis of gas pressure, partial discharges, leakage currents, and circuit breaker operations.

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    Gas Insulated Switchgear (GIS) uses sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) gas as an insulating medium within an enclosed conducting chamber. This allows for [1] minimized space requirements, [2] enhanced safety as there are no exposed live parts, and [3] increased reliability due to reduced maintenance needs and protection from environmental factors. GIS systems use modular designs and SF6's insulating and heat transfer properties to efficiently distribute power at multiple voltage levels in a compact format. Monitoring systems help ensure the ongoing integrity of the SF6 insulation and components through online analysis of gas pressure, partial discharges, leakage currents, and circuit breaker operations.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    188 views35 pages

    Gas Insulated Switchgear

    Uploaded by

    harisankar
    Gas Insulated Switchgear (GIS) uses sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) gas as an insulating medium within an enclosed conducting chamber. This allows for [1] minimized space requirements, [2] enhanced safety as there are no exposed live parts, and [3] increased reliability due to reduced maintenance needs and protection from environmental factors. GIS systems use modular designs and SF6's insulating and heat transfer properties to efficiently distribute power at multiple voltage levels in a compact format. Monitoring systems help ensure the ongoing integrity of the SF6 insulation and components through online analysis of gas pressure, partial discharges, leakage currents, and circuit breaker operations.

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    of 35

    Gas Insulated Switchgear

    Rajendran R
    Dy. Manager (EM)
    What is GIS?
    • Switchgear and Buses Enclosed in Grounded Metallic
    Sheath filled with pressurized SF6 gas
    Why GIS?
    Minimizes Space Requirement- 20% of Conventional
    Switchyard
    Enhanced Safety- No live exposed parts, Grounded
    Enclosure
    Enhanced reliability- Less maintenance, Not prone to
    Environmental effects of Humidity, Salt deposit,
    Pollution, Corrosion
    Low Noise Level- Grounded enclosure, No arcing
    outside
    Modular Design- Easy to install
    Free from fire hazards- SF6 is non-inflammable
    Economical in the long run
    Properties of SF6 Gas
    SF6 gas weighs approximately 5.5 times as much as air.
    Colourless, odourless, Chemically inert and Stable
    Dielectric strength of SF6 gas is 3 times that of air.
    Non poisonous effect
    Thermal stability, Excellent Heat Transfer, Non inflammability,
    Ability to regenerate, Non-corrosive.
    Green House Causing Gas
    Designs of GIS

    • Single or Separate enclosures for phases based on


    Voltage level
    • Single enclosure up to 145 kV GIS
    • Separate enclosures from 245 kV
    • Diameter of enclosure depends on Operating pressure of
    SF6 gas
    • Higher the pressure, Smaller the diameter
    • Vertical and Horizontal Breaker designs
    145 kV GIS

    • Spring type Operating mechanism for breakers


    245 kV GIS

    Horizontal breaker design- Spring type


    operating mechanism

    Vertical breaker design- Spring/hydraulic


    type operating mechanism
    400 kV GIS

    Horizontal breaker design- Spring type


    operating mechanism

    Vertical breaker design- Hydraulic type


    operating mechanism
    800 kV GIS
    • Horizontal breaker design- Spring/Hydraulic type operating
    mechanism
    Modular Design of GIS
    GIS Components- Vertical Breaker Design

    Disconnecting switch

    Earth Switch

    Circuit breaker

    Current transformer

    High bus

    Earth plate Current transformer


    Inspection Glass
    Pressure relief device

    Main Bus -II

    Main Bus -I

    Gas sectionalizer
    GIS Components- Horizontal Breaker Design
    Gas Sectionalization
    • Several Gas Compartments
    • Ease of Installation and maintenance
    • Gas leakage in a compartment will not
    affect other compartments

    Gas Sectionalizer/
    Insulation Spacer
    Pressure Gauge and Density Switches

    • Rated operating pressure for a typical 400


    kV GIS
    • 0.5 MpaG for Sections Other than Breaker
    • 0.6 MpaG for Breaker Sections
    • Temperature compensated density
    switches
    • Two Alarms contacts
    • Alarms at 0.47 and 0.45 MPaG for Non-
    breaker sections
    • Alarms at 0.57 and 0.55 MPaG for Breaker
    sections
    Inspection Holes and Adsorbent Chamber

    • Inspection holes in all chambers


    • Cover plates house adsorbent
    chamber filled with Zeolite
    Internal View- a Bus Section

    Enclosure

    Male type contact

    Epoxy resin Post insulator


    Internal View- Disconnecting/Earthing Switch

    Aluminium conductor

    Copper Shield

    Fixed contact of switch


    Bus Voltage Transformer and Surge Arrestor

    • Gas insulation reduces size of


    VT- No need of CVT, induction
    type VT may be used

    • GIS is more prone to Switching


    surges- Bus Surge Arrestors may
    be used for additional surge
    protection
    Current transformers

    • Ring type CT cores inserted


    into the bus
    Expansion Bellows

    • Compensates differential
    Expansion of Enclosure and
    Bus
    • Protects Support insulator
    and Insulation Spacer from
    Cracks
    Gas tightness- O-ring gaskets

    • All Flanges connections, Openings, Insulation spacers are


    fitted with O-ring gaskets to ensure gas tightness
    Pressure relief diaphragms

    • All gas sections fitted with


    Pressure Relief Diaphragms
    • Protects Enclosure from
    Dangerously high pressures
    during faults
    Gas insulated bushing

    • Electrical connection
    Device between two
    insulation media

    GIS to air bushing

    GIS to cable bushing


    Disconnecting/Earthing Switch Operating mechanism

    • Motor Operated
    Disconnecting and Earth
    Switches
    • Line Side- Fast acting
    Earth Switch with Motor
    Spring Operating
    mechanism
    Hydraulic Breaker Operating Mechanism
    Breaker Operating mechanism- Control Panel

    Manual/Auto
    selection switch

    Hydraulic Pump
    Trip Coils
    Closing coil

    Hyd. Pressure gauge


    Breaker manual
    operation hook
    Oil level indicator
    Oil Tank
    Routine Monitoring of GIS

    • Daily walk down checks- Pressure readings, Counters,


    Alarms, Oil levels etc.
    • Annual Maintenance checks- Tightness of Operating
    mechanism links, Analysis of SF6 Gas, Breaker Contact
    resistance, DCRM, timings, Coil currents, LA leakage
    currents, Partial Discharges in GIS etc.
    • Three year Maintenance checks- Internal inspection of
    Breaker Contacts
    Online Diagnostic System for GIS
    CB Operation Monitoring
    (DC CTs and Aux Station controller
    switches) PC with
    D display
    software
    Gas Pressure Optical
    Monitoring
    (GDTs)
    A fiber cable
    Intranet

    LA Leakage current
    U
    monitoring Intranet
    (Leakage CTs) Remote
    Main PC with
    Unit display
    PD Detectors Local software
    (Internal UHF sensors) Unit
    Online CB operation Monitoring

    Sensing : DC CTs and CB Aux. contacts


    Monitoring : Closing and tripping circuit currents
    : Current application time
    : Breaker Operating time (Open & Close)
    Observations :
    High/low control currents- Abnormalities in closing
    and tripping circuits
    Higher Current application time- Abnormality in breaker
    auxiliary contacts
    Longer operating time- Abnormalities in Breaker
    hydraulic mechanism
    Online Gas Pressure Monitoring -GDTs

    • Gas density transducers mounted along with pressure gauges


    • Continuous online monitoring
    • Gives current proportional to gas pressure
    • Alarm levels may be configured
    • Immediate detection of leaks
    • Lesser outages, Better reliability
    • Lesser release of green house SF6
    gas to the atmosphere.
    Online Partial discharge Monitoring

    • Internal UHF sensors inside


    inspection windows Internal UHF Sensor

    • Analysis of sensed frequencies


    • Frequency Spectrum
    • PD signals mostly in the range
    0.5 to 1.5 MHz
    Frequency Spectrum
    • Masking of external noise
    - TV, Mobile, Airplane, Radar
    Detection of type of Partial Discharge

    • Phase spectrum plot for maximum


    PD frequency
    • Distinguishes PDs from various
    sources –Voids, cracks in spacers,
    particles
    Phase Spectrum

    Void in spacer Crack in spacer Particle


    Online Leakage current monitoring of LA
    • Leakage current CT mounted in LA to earth connection
    • CT output connected to leakage current analyzer
    • Total leakage current = IC + IR
    • Resistive current IR is an exact measure of LA
    deterioration.
    • Difficult to measure resistive current directly
    • Instead, 3rd harmonic component of leakage
    current is monitored online by frequency analysis
    • Detects LA deterioration in the initial stage itself.
    • Reduces power losses and breakdowns.
    Gas quality monitoring
    • Gas quality deterioration is normally
    gradual
    • Online monitoring of gas quality of all
    sections - a costly affair
    • Periodic monitoring of SF6 purity, dew
    point and SO2 % sufficient
    • Normal monitoring equipments
    release the gas sample to atmosphere
    • SF6 – Global warming potential 22,800
    times that of CO2
    • Use only store and recycle type
    monitoring equipments.
    Thank You

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