Experiment-No 1

Experiment No.
1
Basic Techniques of Experimental Chemistry
OBJECTIVES
1. To manipulate and work on a Tirrill burner

2. To enhance knowledge on simple techniques of filtration and
decantation.
DISCUSSION
A gas burner is a device generally used for providing heat in

laboratory experiments. The gas inlet located just above the base is
wherein the gas enters and this gas supply is regulated externally
by the gas cock The amount of air can be regulated by rotating a
sleeve that fits over the air inlet in the barrel of the burner. The
quality and intensity of the burner flame can be determined by
the gas - air mixture.
Separation of solids from liquids is a common problem

encountered in the laboratory. There are two methods of
separation that can be used depending on the types of solids used
namely:
Decantation - letting the solid settle at the bottom of the container
and carefully pouring off most of the liquid through a stirring rod
into another container.
Filtration - separating a finely divided solid from a liquid where a
filter paper is supported by a cone – shaped funnel with a stem
through which the liquid drains.
REAGENTS/CHEMICALS
NaCl,
FeCl3 solution
NaOH solution
MATERIALS/APPARATUS
Tirrill burner, rubber tubing, barbecue stick, crucible tong,

evaporating dish, filtering stand, funnel, filter paper, graduated
cylinder, test tubes, wire gauze.
1
PROCEDURE:
Use of the Tirrill burner.
1. Make a sketch of a Terrill burner and identify its different parts

and give each function. Draw the different flame zones. Identify and
differentiate each zone.
To operate the burner:

2. Connect the rubber tubing to the gas outlet. Be sure that it is
tightly fitted. Close off the air inlet. Turn on the gas supply and light the
burner by bringing a lighted match over the burner tip from the side.
Observe the color of the flame produced.
3. Hold an evaporating dish using a crucible tong above the flame

Observe the bottom of the dish.
4. Open the air inlet gradually. Look at the color of the flame.
5. Repeat No. 4. For maximum heat, open the air inlet further so
that the two distinct zones appear.
6. Determine the hotter part of the flame by means of a piece

of barbecue stick. Hold it horizontally across the middle portion of
the blue flame until it just starts to burn. Observe the black portion
of the stick. Which is the hotter portion of the flame, the inner or
the outer portion?
Allow large supply of air to enter the burner. What do you observe?
Large supply of air may cause the flame to blow out or to
separate from the burner so that there is a gap between the
burner and the flame. In any of these cases, turn off the gas supply.
Cool the burner and adjust. the air intake sleeve to reduce the air
supply and relight the burner.
SEPARATION OF COMPONENTS OF SOLID – LIQUID MIXTURES
1. The filter paper may be folded along its radius into a quadrant
or it may be “fluted” by pleating it radically. See figure 1.1.
2
Figure 1.1. Folding a filter paper
2. Tear off a small piece of one corner then open the paper
so that a cone results. One side of the cone should have three
layers of paper while the other has one. Press the paper against the
sides of the funnel. Moisten the filter paper with water so it adheres
to the glass. The paper should not reach the top of the funnel. Support
the funnel with a filtering stand and place a beaker under the
funnel so that the stem of the funnel touches the inner wall of the
beaker. See figure 1.2.
Figure 1.2.The filtration set- up
3. Put 5 ml of FeCl 3 into a test tube and slowly add to this

5 ml of NaOH solution until no more precipitation occurs. Pour the
resulting solution slowly into the funnel. The level of the liquid must
never rise above the edge of the filter paper. Use a wash bottle to
rinse any remaining solid from the container onto the filter paper
as shown in figure 1.3.
3
Figure 1.3. Rinsing any remaining solid from a liquid
4. Transfer the filtrate from procedure 3 to an evaporating

dish placed on the wire gauze supported by a tripod or an iron
ring with stand. Heat the dish carefully until it dries out.
What do you call the substance that remains in the dish?
Place some particles of sand in a test tube half filled with water.
Allow the sand particles to settle down then carefully pour off the
supernatant liquid.
What do you call this process of separation?
4
REPORT SHEET
NAME ______________________ DATE PERFORMED__________

GROUP NO.__________________ DATE SUBMITTED __________
PROFESSOR _________________ RATING __________________
Experiment No. 1
Basic Techniques of Experimental Chemistry
A. USE OF THE TIRRILL BURNER
1. Make a sketch of the Tirrill burner. Identify the parts and give
the function of each part.
2. Draw the flame zones and differentiate each zones.
5
3. What is the color of the flame produced?
4. What is formed at the bottom of the dish?
5. Compare the color and the size of the flame produced to

that in procedure 2.
6. What happened to the bottom of the dish?
6
7. Observe the drying of burnt portion of the stick ( after
burning ). Which is the hotter portion of the flame, the
inner or the outer portion?
8. What do you observe?
B. SEPARATION OF COMPONENTS OF SOLID - LIQUID

MIXTURES.
1. What is the purpose of:
a) tearing off the corner of the filter paper?
b) pouring some water through the filter paper?
7
2. What do you call the:
a) solid left on the filter paper?
b) liquid that passed through the filter paper?
c) solids that remain in the dish?
d) process of separation of sand and water mixture?
Compare the liquid obtained by filtration from that obtained by

decantation. Which is clearer?

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Experiment No.

1. To manipulate and work on a Tirrill burner

A gas burner is a device generally used for providing heat in

Separation of solids from liquids is a common problem

Tirrill burner, rubber tubing, barbecue stick, crucible tong,

Use of the Tirrill burner.

1. Make a sketch of a Terrill burner and identify its different parts

To operate the burner:

3. Hold an evaporating dish using a crucible tong above the flame

6. Determine the hotter part of the flame by means of a piece

SEPARATION OF COMPONENTS OF SOLID – LIQUID MIXTURES

Figure 1.2.The filtration set- up

3. Put 5 ml of FeCl 3 into a test tube and slowly add to this

4. Transfer the filtrate from procedure 3 to an evaporating

What do you call the substance that remains in the dish?

What do you call this process of separation?

NAME ______________________ DATE PERFORMED__________

A. USE OF THE TIRRILL BURNER

2. Draw the flame zones and differentiate each zones.

4. What is formed at the bottom of the dish?

5. Compare the color and the size of the flame produced to

6. What happened to the bottom of the dish?

8. What do you observe?

B. SEPARATION OF COMPONENTS OF SOLID - LIQUID

1. What is the purpose of:

a) tearing off the corner of the filter paper?

b) pouring some water through the filter paper?

a) solid left on the filter paper?

b) liquid that passed through the filter paper?

c) solids that remain in the dish?

d) process of separation of sand and water mixture?

Compare the liquid obtained by filtration from that obtained by

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NAME ____________ DATE PERFORMED