Volume 2 Number 2 March 2019

CEMENT ADDITIVE USE REDUCTION FACTORS TO

IMPROVING THE QUALITY CONCRETE BIOCONC

¹Muhammad chabibullah, ²Tony Hartono Bagio

Narotama University
[email protected]

ABSTRACT

Technology applications in the concrete mix is growing very rapidly in this modern era to obtain
concrete results with characteristics that are environmentally friendly and non-toxic. Bioconc is
innovation in developing green technology with the insertion of a micro-gap or slit gradation
mycelia microbe as a micro-filter to mengoptimalkanatau reduce the amount of cement concrete
on the concrete mix in total will increase the efficiency in the concrete and reduce the material
components of the most expensive in the concrete, the cement. in job mix additive Bioconc
require R%, ie a reduction factor of cement that will determine how the dose of cement and
dose additive Bioconc, and therefore to seek R% require some percentage of reduction factor of
cement optimum ranging from the concrete Normal, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%.⁵ +
31271x⁴ - 4709x³ - 233.1x² + 79.66x + 22:18, concrete quality obtained from normal concrete
with fc '= 20 MPa generate optimum value reduction of cement amounted to 28.869%.

Keywords: Cement reduction factor, Bioconc

INTRODUCTION

Modern technology and sophisticated growing rapidly especially in the world of

construction. One of the factors determining a structure in carrying static and dynamic
loads, is the quality of materials pembentuknya.Beton is the most popular components
used in the construction of building structures and many many experienced
improvement in terms of strength, age, benefits and costs. It is known that the strength
of concrete is heavily influenced by its constituent material composed of sand, stone
aggregate, cement, water and other mixed materials. Improving the quality of the
concrete mix will improve also the quality of concrete compressive strength. One way
to improve the quality of the concrete mix is to use additional materials either synthetic
or organic such as eg Bioconc. Bioconc is Bio-technology product is made from organic
or natural materials, denatured proteins, biopolymers and mineral surfactant organic
fermented by beneficial microbes. Bioconc is the performance of some microbes with
dissolved nutrients, which will start working when, there is a supply of oxygen (aerobic
process) and microbial performance ended when the concrete has reached the
ultimate setting time, where there is no supply of oxygen again, and microbes in a state
of dormant (sleeping). The microbial population growing exponentially over time.

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Bioconc treat mixed concrete by inserting a space gap between fine aggregate and
coarse aggregate were biyasanya filled Portland cement as a bonding agent, so that
will reduce the amount of cement needed.

RESEARCH METHODS

Concrete is a mixture of portland or other hydraulic cement, fine aggregate,

coarse aggregate and water, with or without additional mixed material forming a mass
padat.Agregat - other aggregates are mixed together with a paste made of cement and
water to form a time-like rock and tekadang using other mixed materials (admixture or
additive). Material or material that is used among other things:
1. Cement
The results from a combination of industrial raw materials limestone / lime as the main
material and lempunung / clay or other substitute material with the final result of the
solids in powder form (bulk). Definition of portland cement is a hydraulic cement
produced by grinding slag portland cement mainly composed of calcium silicate which
is hydraulic and ground together with other additives such as one or more of the
crystalline form of compound calcium sulfate and may be combined with other
additives.
2. Aggregate
Aggregate is hard or stiff material concrete apartment blocks that percentage is most
banyakmendominasi and can be derived from organic materials or inorganic. The
volume of aggregate in the concrete occupy about 70% -75%, so the quality is very
influence untun aggregate concrete quality. Aggregates are divided into two namely
fine aggregate and coarse aggregate, wherein the block making agragat used is fine
aggregate that passes 12 sieve with a diameter of 4.75 mm and retained on 0.063 mm
sieve.
3. Water
The water used in the concrete mix should qualify C1602M ASTM standards. Mixing
water used in prestressed concrete or concrete in which aluminum metal is embedded,
including free water contained in the aggregate, may not contain chloride ions in the
amount of harmful (SNI-25-BSN 2013).
4. Effect of Microbes
Microbes are organisms that are small or micro. microbes can perform activities for life.
Belonging to the prokaryotes such as bacteria, viruses, and eukaryotes such as algae,
protozoa. Microbes play an important role in his life (Nester, Anderson, Robert, Nester,
2009). Microbes composed of bacteria, fungi, and viruses. In general, each microbe
has morphological and anatomical structure of different (Waluyo, 2004). The primary
role of microbes are decomposers of organic material. Besides harmful, microbes also
has many benefits for humans and the environment. Microbes do not need a big place,
easily grown in artificial media such as the presence of air and pembiakannya level
relatively quickly. Therefore, each microbe has a role or influence in the life (Darkuni,

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2001). Mikrobakteri used Bioconc enzyme, which is a product made from Bioconc
organik.Enzim material is environment-friendly products, non-toxic, and safe for
humans and other living creatures. Bioconc enzymes can also increase the
compressive strength, reduce the weight of the cement, and reduce shrinkage cracks
(Basoeki Makno, 2001). Microbes work "aerobic" and optimal work at room
temperature 30 ° C, and will be dormant when in a room with a temperature of 60 ° C
and above. Likewise, when are diruang without supply of oxygen, the microbes will be
dormant or "sleep", as long as the packaging, before it is used. Shortly after these
microbes are released (out of the packaging to be mixed into the concrete mix), then
the microbes multiply rapidly and produce mycelia quickly to concrete, to fill the gap
gradation which is usually filled with cement paste, so that the cement content is
reduced. Along with the gap being filled mycelia gradation by microbes, the surface
area increases tied to the cement paste (coupled with the microbe mycelia) which is
correlated to the quality of concrete (concrete strength). When the concrete hydration
process reaches a temperature of 60 ° C, the microbes will be dormant, and when the
setting time of concrete has been achieved, and the supply of oxygen to the microbes
have been isolated, the microbes will be dormant (Basoeki Makno, 2001).
The characteristics of the microbes mycelia (Basoeki Makno, 2001):
- The diameter of between 5μm s / d 10 μm - Length between 5μm s / d 30 μm
- Growth speed sd 10,000,000 125,000,000 per day
- Temperature survival for life is the temperature of the room s / d 60 ° C that
occur in the process of setting concrete 1 hour (2 hours setting time of concrete
with concrete transportation process assuming 1 hour, so stay 1 hour process.
- Reduce heat - Menginsersi concrete gradation gap usually filled the cement
paste.
- Reduce shrinkage cracks, indicated the pattern of cracked concrete when done
crushing concrete cube test as a comparison photo cube with treatment and
without treatment.

RESEARCH RESULT

After laboratory tests on the materials used, made with standard concrete mix design
according to ISO 7656-2012 in Table 1 below:

Table 1: Normal Form Concrete mortar stats

No. Commentary Value
1 The compressive strength which would 20 MPa at 28 days (cylinder)
otherwise require
2 Standard deviation 4
3 The additional value (margin) 1.64x4 = 6.56
4 Target compressive strength 26.56 MPa
5 Portland cement type Gresik OPC

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6 Type of coarse aggregate Broken stone Mojokerto

7 Type smooth agreat natural Lumajang
8 Factor cement water 0:54
9 Density cement 3:15 TYPE I
10 slump 75-100 mm
11 The maximum aggregate size 19 mm
12 Air content 2%
13 Free water content 205 Ltr
14 Cement content 349 kg
15 Fas adjusted 205 Ltr
16 The composition of the granular aggregate ZONE II
17 Weight of fresh concrete 2373 kg / m³
18 The combined aggregate levels 1810 kg / m³
19 Levels of fine aggregate 875 kg / m³
20 Levels of coarse aggregate 935 kg / m³
Source: Calculation Results
The proportion of normal concrete mix above is also used to make by using different
Bioconc with the required proportion of cement or cement-called reduction factor.
Bioconcyang used are brand Bioconc of PT. Bangun Mukti Abadi. As for job-mix
calculation using Bioconc by the formula.

Table 2 Job-Mix using Bioconc

MODIFICATION OF JOB MIX NFA (Non Fly Ash) with Additive BIOCONC
Cement Reduction Factor R%
Job Mix Concrete Grade G
Job Volume Mix 1 m3
No. material Mix NFA Modifications Job-Mix Cement
Bioconc Reduction (R%)
1 Cement A A * (1-R%)
2 Water B B * (1-R%)
3 Coarse Aggregates C C + ((A + B) * R% * (C / (C + E)))
4 Fine aggregate D D + ((A + B) * R% * (E / (C + E)))
5 Bioconc - 500
TOTAL WEIGHT A + B + C + D + 500cc

Here is the composition of the normal plan per m3 of concrete constituent material
used:
Cement : 349 kg / m³
Water : 214 kg / m³
coarse aggregate : 935 kg / m³
fine aggregate : 875 kg / m³
Bioconc : 500 ml /m³

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Cement reduction factor :

sample I Normal
sample II 5%
sample III 10%
samples IV 15%
sample V 20%
samples VI 25%
samples VII 30%
sample VIII 35%
After testing and evaluation laboratory average compressive strength of each sample
type or concrete, following the recapitulation of the compressive strength of concrete
cylinders age of 28 days, in Table 3:

Table 3 Summary of Results of Concrete Compressive Strength

The
A
results of
test load Cross- Avera
Weight Diameter High compres
Variation specime tap sectional ge
sive
n area
strength
G M M kN m³ Mpa Mpa
sample 1 12 512 0.15 0.30 400 0.01766 22.64
normal
sample 2 12500 0.15 0.30 380 0.01766 21,50 22.16
concrete
sample 3 12516 0.15 0.30 395 0.01766 22.35
5% (a sample 1 12450 0.15 0.30 435 0.01766 24.62
reduction sample 2 12 509 0.15 0.30 450 0.01766 25.46
25.27
factor of
sample 3 12449 0.15 0.30 455 0.01766 25.75
cement)
10% sample 1 12598 0.15 0.30 455 0.01766 25.75
(cement sample 2 12 506 0.15 0.30 460 0.01766 26.03
25.46
reduction
sample 3 12446 0.15 0.30 435 0.01766 24.62
factor)
15% sample 1 12610 0.15 0.30 440 0.01766 24.90
(cement sample 2 12544 0.15 0.30 460 0.01766 26.03
25.28
reduction
sample 3 12 641 0.15 0.30 440 0.01766 24.90
factor)
20% sample 1 12520 0.15 0.30 430 0.01766 24.33
(cement sample 2 12 506 0.15 0.30 445 0.01766 25.18
24.52
reduction
sample 3 12 512 0.15 0.30 425 0.01766 24.05
factor)
25% sample 1 12571 0.15 0.30 465 0.01766 26.31
(cement sample 2 12 478 0.15 0.30 450 0.01766 25.46
26.23
reduction
sample 3 12 674 0.15 0.30 475 0.01766 26.87
factor)

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30% sample 1 12 537 0.15 0.30 525 0.01766 29.71

(cement sample 2 12550 0.15 0.30 500 0.01766 28.29
26.88
reduction
sample 3 12639 0.15 0.30 400 0.01766 22.64
factor)
35% sample 1 12356 0.15 0.30 355 0.01766 20.09
(cement sample 2 12521 0.15 0.30 365 0.01766 20.65
20.18
reduction
sample 3 12089 0.15 0.30 345 0.01766 19.52
factor)

Hasil Uji Tekan

30 26,22 26,88
25,28
25,46 25,28 24,52
25 22,16
20,09
20
Mpa

15
kuat tekan
10

0
0% 10% 20% 30% 40%
Persentase

Figure 1 Pattern Strength Concrete

The statistical analysis used seek optimum levels of cement reduction factor for
compressive strength of concrete is the rank of polynomial regression analysis. In this
study, the variable (x) is a free variation reduction factor of cement and the dependent
variable (y) is the compressive strength of concrete. Rank regression analysis are
presented in the following figure:

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Hasil Uji Tekan

30

25 kuat
tekan
20
Poly.
15
(kuat
y = -51171x5 + 31271x4 - 4709,2x3 - 233,19x2 + tekan)
10 79,669x + 22,181
5 R² = 0,9926

0
0% 10% 20% 30% 40%

Figure 2 Rank polynomial regression analysis

From the graph above unknown polynomial regression equation squared as follows:
f (x) = -51171x⁵ + 31271x⁴ - 4709x³ - 233,1x² + 79,66x + 22.18
= 79.66 - 466,2x - 23545x 125084x ^ 2 + ^ 3 - 555855x ^ 4
with R² = 0.992
x1 = -0.0683559
x2 = 0.086832
x3 = 0.181725
x4 = 0.288685
Based on a graphic image 2, the calculation of the rank of polynomial regression
equation, it can be inferred by knowing the results of the optimum percentage reduction
factor Bioconc cement additive additions that can add concrete power amounted to
28.869%. So generated in this study are looking for optimum cement reduction factor
(R%) is equal to 28.869% or equal to 30%.

CONCLUSION

1. From the results of the test laboratory material fineness modulus of fine
aggregate 3, specific gravity (SSD) 2.36 g, absorption (absorption) 1.22% water,
moisture or water content of 1.69%, and coarse aggregate density (SSD) 2, 56
gr, absorption (absorption) of water 1.8%, dry weight of 1522 g, 19 mm aggregate
size, moisture or water content of 0.4%. Mix in the design calculations for normal
concrete admixture1 m³ of his matches are 214 water, 349 kg of cement, coarse
aggregate 935 kg wet, wet dry aggregate 875 kg. And Job Mix Bioconc cement
reduction factor there are several variations ranging from 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%,
20%, 25%, 30%, 35%.

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2. From the results of the compressive strength test to look for cement reduction
factor an average of three samples with a variation of 0% at 22.16 MPa, 5% at
25.27 MPa, 10% at 25.46 MPa, 15% of 25.28 MPa, 20% of 24.52 MPa, 25% at
26.23 MPa, 30% at 26.88 MPa, and 35% of 20.18 MPa. Calculation of polynomial
equations rank test results pressf (x)= -51171x⁵+ 31271x⁴- 4709, x³ - 233,1x² +
79,66x + 22.18 with derivatives
f '(x)= - 255,855x⁴ + 125084x³ - 14127x² - 466.2 + 79.66And R ² = 0.992 then
obtained x1 = -0.0683559, x2 = 0.086832, 0.181725 = x3, x4 = 0.288685.So the
results of this research to get the percentage of cement optimum reduction
factor amounted to 28, 869% or 30% to increase the compressive strength of
concrete with the addition of additive Bioconc.

REFERENCES

Annas, Azwar. Utilization mikrobakteri On With High Quality Concrete Additional

silicafume.Surabaya. 2015.
National Standardization Agency of Indonesia (SNI), Procedure for Making Plans
Mixed Concrete NormalSNI 03-2834-2000, adobsi SK-SNI T-15 1990-03. 2000.
Basoeki, Makno. Against Bioconc Performance Concrete Quality Improvement. 2001.
Mulyono, Tri. Concrete Technology. Yogyakarta. 2004.
Pradana Sofyan Ali. Tony Hartono Bagio. Analysis on compressive strength of
Concrete Optimum with the addition Bioenzym, Thesis Civil Engineering
Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Narotama. 2016.

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