Wayessa Lexuary Hotel Final

Partial Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Report
On
Establishment of 4 Star Luxury Hotel
Project Location: Shashamane City Administration, Bishaan Guracha Town
Submitted To: Shashamane City Environment Protection Authority

Consultant: GEO Green Consultancy Training and Research Services PLC
Adrress: Addis Ababa City, Nifas Silk Lafto Sub-City-Woreda 01
Tel: +251940404278/+251926763831,
E-mail: [email protected]
Promoter: Wayessa Debela Erana

Address: Kirkos Sub-city, Tele: +251945937643
JULY, 2023
Wayessa Debela 4 Star Luxury Hotel: 2023

i
4 Star Luxury Hotel

ii
Table of Contents
List of Tables.................................................................................................................................v
List of Acronyms..........................................................................................................................vi
0. Executive Summary.........................................................................................................vii
1. Introduction........................................................................................................................1
1.1. Objectives and Scope of the ESIA............................................................................................1
1.2. Methodology............................................................................................................................2
1.2.1. Desk Review....................................................................................................................2
1.2.2. Field Assessment............................................................................................................2
1.2.3. Field Observations..........................................................................................................3
1.2.4. Alternative Site...............................................................................................................3
1.2.5. Alternative Designs.........................................................................................................3
1.2.6. Utilities............................................................................................................................4
1.2.7. Water..............................................................................................................................4
1.2.8. Transport........................................................................................................................4
1.2.9. Materials.........................................................................................................................4
1.2.10. No Project Option...................................................................................................5
2. Scope of the ESIA......................................................................................................................5
3. ADMINISTRATIVE, LEGAL AND POLICY FRAMEWORK.......................................5
3.1. National Policy:...............................................................................................................6
3.1.1. The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopian Constitution.........................................6
3.2. Environmental Laws and Regulations..........................................................................10
3.2.7. Public Health Proclamation No 200/2000....................................................................14
3.2.8. The Investment Proclamation No. 769/2002...............................................................14
3.3. Regulations Pertaining to the Standards......................................................................15
3.3.3. Ambient Air quality Standards:....................................................................................16
3.3.4. Relevant International Conventions:...........................................................................16
3.4. Institutional and Administrative Framework..........................................................................16
3.4.1. Constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia:....................................16
3.4.2. The Federal Environmental Protection Authority (FEPA):...........................................17
3.4.3. City’s Environment Protection Authority.....................................................................17
3.4.4. The Federal and Regional Investment Agencies:.........................................................17
4. BASELINE INFORMATION OF THE PROJECT AREA......................................................18
4.1.1. Description of the Study area-Shashamane City..........................................................18
4.1.2.2. Water resources....................................................................................................19
4.1.2.3. Topography...........................................................................................................20
4.1.3. Socio-Economic baseline information..........................................................................20
4.1.3.1. Population.............................................................................................................20
4.1.4. Infrastructures and social services...............................................................................20
4.1.4.2. Historical, cultural, religious and archaeological..................................................20
4.1.5. Gender issues...............................................................................................................21
4.1.6. Public Attitude and perception....................................................................................21
5. Description of the project.........................................................................................................22
6. Identification of Environmental and social Impacts.........................................................23
6.1. Overview................................................................................................................................23

iii
6.2. Positive Impacts.....................................................................................................................23
6.2.1. Design phase (Pre-construction Phase).......................................................................24
6.2.2. Construction phase.......................................................................................................24
6.2.3. Operational phase........................................................................................................25
6.2.4. Decommissioning phase...............................................................................................28
6.3. Adverse Impacts of the Project...............................................................................................29
6.3.1. Negative Impacts During Pre-Construction Phase.......................................................29
6.3.2. Negative Impacts During Construction phase..............................................................29
6.3.3. Adverse Impacts During Operational Phase.................................................................32
7. Impact Mitigation Measures of the Identified Impacts....................................................36
7.1. Mitigation Measures during Pre-construction Phase..................................................36
7.2. Mitigation Measures during Construction Phase.........................................................36
7.3. Impacts s mitigation measures During Operational Phase......................................................37
8.Environmental and Management Plan......................................................................................42
8.1. General...................................................................................................................................42
8.2. Water quality management plan.............................................................................................47
8.3. Air Quality management plan.................................................................................................49
8.4. Noise & Vibration management plan.....................................................................................51
8.5. Terrestrial Ecological management plan................................................................................51
8.6. Solid Waste and Litter management plan...............................................................................52
8.7. Occupational Health and Safety Management Plan................................................................54
8.8. Labour and Working Conditions management.......................................................................54
8.9. Environmental Training Plan..................................................................................................55
8.9.1. Environmental Induction Meeting...............................................................................56
8.10. Communities’ Engagement Plan (CEP)........................................................................58
8.11. Environmental Incident and Emergency Management Plan.................................................59
8.11.1. General Emergency Response Procedures...............................................................59
8.11.2. Emergency Preparedness and Response Management Plan....................................61
8.11.3. Emergency Preparedness and Response Plans.........................................................61
9.Monitoring Plan........................................................................................................................64
9.1. Environmental Audits.............................................................................................................67
9.2. Records Management, Environmental Reporting and Corrective Actions..............................69
9.2.1. Records Management..................................................................................................69
9.2.2. Environmental Reporting and Corrective Actions..........................................................69
9.2.3. Management of Information........................................................................................70
9.3. Revision of environmental management plan.........................................................................73
10. Conclusions and recommendations..................................................................................74

iv
List of Tables
Table 1: Limit Values for Discharges to Water sources..............................................................15

Table 2 provides noise standards being adopted by EPA for Ethiopia.......................................15
Table 3:1 Limit Values for Emissions to Air..............................................................................16
Table 3.2: Source of air Pollution................................................................................................35
Table 8.1- Environmental Management Plan and Budget...........................................................44
Table 8.2: Specific responsibilities for Water Quality Management..........................................47
Table 8.3- Specific responsibilities for Air Quality Management..............................................49
Table 8 .4 strategic objectives of proposed implementation.......................................................50
Table 8.5. Summary of Waste Management Requirements for Hotel........................................52
Table 9.1 Environmental Monitoring Plan..................................................................................65
Table 9.2 Specific responsibilities for management & Coordination.........................................71
List of Figures
Figure 1 Location Map of the project 15

v
List of Acronyms
ADLI Industrial Development led-Industrialization’
ASL Above Sea level
BOD Biochemical oxygen demand
COD Chemical oxygen demand
CSE Conservation Strategy of Ethiopia
dB (A) A-weighted decibels
EA Environmental Assessment
EFCCA Federal Environmental, Forest and Climate Change Authority
EIA Environmental impact assessment
EIA Environmental Impact Assessment
EISR Environmental Impact Study Report
EMP Environment management plan
EMP Environmental Management Plan
EPA Environment protection agency
EPA Environmental Protection Authority
EPC Environmental Protection Council
EPE Environmental Policy of Ethiopia
EPRP Emergency Preparedness Responses Plan
ETB Ethiopian Birr, the National Currency
FDRE Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
HRM Human resource manager
HSE Health, safety and environment
HSE Health, Safety and Environmental
ILO International Labour Organization
OHS Occupational health and safety
PLC Private limited company
PPE protective equipment
SQ Socially qualified
TPH Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon
VOCs Volatile organic compounds
WB World Bank
WHO World Health Organization

vi
0. Executive Summary
In the recent decade, Ethiopia has experienced a boom in urban development curtailed by the
construction of numerous infrastructure projects encompassing: residential and housing projects;
commercial and industrial establishments; recreational facilities, and other amenities. These have
all been in support or service to the growing population in the city and also economic
development in both macro and micro scales. Most of these projects tend to have generic impacts
with baselines withholding but having a cumulative impact on the natural resources that the
greater population depends on. Hence, he has fully happy when investing the 4 Star Luxury
Hotel in Shashamane City Bishaan Guracha town that will be creates job for 109 workers
permanently by 60,000,000 ETB birrs on 8000m2 of land provided by City administration. The
most beneficiary of the project is the youth who are eager to get the job. The gender imbalance
will be not considered and the opportunities will be equal for all, but the ladies have pre-
opportunities to be deployed within the services.
Mr Wayessa Debela has contracted GEO Green Consultancy Training and Research Services
plc, a licensed and registered Grade 1 environmental consultancy firm, to prepare the ESIA for
this project for License application. The ESIA and its affiliated process comply with guidelines
issued by EIA guideline for Environmental Management Plan in 2003. The ESIA will be
submitted to the city accompanying feasibility study of the project. The ESIA will be updated in
accordance to comments made by the ministry and communicated with relevant stakeholders
The proposed project for which this ESIA Study report has been prepared is a construction
project that will involve a mixed-use development. The project shares impact similar to the most
construction ditto urban development projects, and are thus manageable through the proposed
ESIA that was developed commensurate to the assessment of its impact in this report.
The major objective of the assessment was to evaluate the effects/impacts of proposed
development in relation to the general environmental aspects i.e. physical, biological, and social-
economic environments. It aims at influencing the protection and co-existence of the
development with the surroundings as well as the compatibility of the proposed development to

vii
the area; to ensure and enhance sustainable environmental management during implementation
and operational phases.
This project report is broken down the proposed project’s activities into Four (4) phases of:
 Demolition of existing environment setting
 Construction phase
 Operational phase, and
 Decommissioning phase.
Specific assessment objectives pinned to these activities were to: o Identify and analyse the
impacts of the proposed project on the natural environmental o Evaluate impacts of the project
on the socio-cultural environment o Assess impacts on infrastructure and social amenities
(sewerage, water supply, road network, electricity) o Assess and predict any effects on any
sensitive ecosystems o Identify and predict impacts on and changes in development policy with
respect to the area o Formulate an Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP)
To achieve these objectives the assessment collected baseline data firstly through desktop studies
on City level, and then finally scoping down to the assessment area and its immediate environs.
These were combined with a public participation, a checklist and matrix to identify and analyse
impacts in order to fully prioritize them and develop efficient and appropriate mitigation
measures.
The project will access electricity from the national grid on top of having a backup power
generator whereas water access will be from a borehole and municipality.
The project will play an important role in increasing the number and quality of services
accommodation and offices in the area, City, however to greatly work in synchrony with the
environment and stakeholders in order to ensure its sustainability should proceed with the project
with the prescribed mitigation measures. Constant monitoring of the said aspects (impacts and
mitigation) through close follow-up and implementation of the recommended Environmental
Management and Monitoring Plans will also ensure its longevity and avoid conflicts between the
project and stakeholders or between it and the natural world. In relation to the proposed
mitigation and environmental management and planning measures that will be incorporated
during construction and operation phases; and the developments’ input to the proponent and the
general society, the proposed project is considered beneficial and important. Major concerns

viii
should nevertheless be focused towards minimizing the occurrence of impacts that would
degrade the general environment.

ix
1. Introduction
Mr Wayessa Debela Erana has registered a number of national projects. He has a numerous
experience in the management of the existing and new emerged projects and contributed to
regional and national economic development of the country. The bottled water named by Top
water is running by this proponent and also others projects under the project. Hence, he has
fully happy when investing the 4 Star Luxury Hotel in Shashamane City Bishaan Guracha
town that will be creates job for 109 workers permanently by 60,000,000 ETB birrs on 8000
m2 of land provided by City administration.
A 4 Star Luxury Hotel has both positive and negative on the surround environment. This
involves construction which would requires building material (quarrying, and processing of
metals, cement production), land clearing erection of the buildings (noise, dust, hazardous
materials) and during operation generation of both solid and liquid wastes etc. following the
approval of the Terms of Reference (ToR) as per EPA regulations, this ESIA report seeks to
examine both the positive and negative effects that the proposed project is likely to have on
both the physical and socio-economic environment in order for sound decision making to
promote human activities that align synergistically with the natural world within a sustainable
development framework. Thus, this study conducted wide stakeholder participation and is
being used an important planning tool for the project proponent as it will outline any
significant project impacts and clearly define mitigation measures to avoid or curb any
adversities. The proposed mitigations have taken into consideration the concerns of various
stakeholders and residents.
1.1. Objectives and Scope of the ESIA

General Objective
The overall objective of the ESIA is to carry out an assessment of constructing and operating
an seventh building to determine whether or not the construction and operation and associated
activities will have any adverse impacts on the environment, taking into account biophysical,
social, cultural, legal and economic considerations.
Specific Objectives
The specific objectives of the ESIA are to:
Wayessa Debela 4 Star Luxury Hotel: 2023 Page 1 of 87

 describe the nature of construction to be undertaken;
 verify compliance with environmental laws, policies and regulations as well as
industry best practice and standards;
 identify and analyse alternatives to the envisaged project;
 Identify, analyse and propose mitigation measures for positive and negative impacts
and enhancement measures for positive impacts to be undertaken during and after the
implementation of the project including; recommending cost effective measures to be
used to mitigate against the anticipated negative impacts;
1.2. Methodology
Various data collection and analyses techniques were used in the assessment:
1.2.1. Desk Review
Deskwork provided a detailed description of the project with respect to spatial coverage,
preliminary design layout, magnitude, implementation schedules and costs as well as human
resources. Relevant documents were reviewed to obtain information on the baseline
information in general but specifically at the project site. This documentary review provided
further understanding the project design (site plan and architectural drawings), land use, local
micro-environmental conditions, data on demographic trends, land use practices, development
strategies and plans (local and national) as well as the policy and legal documents among
others.
1.2.2. Field Assessment
Physical evaluation of the project area was carried out with specific focus on landform trends,
land use patterns, biodiversity, natural resources, hydrology and climatic variations. This was
also an evaluation of the current environmental status with respect to physical, biological and
socio-cultural perspectives. It was a systematic field inspection backed with available
documentation and direct interviews. Field evaluation was planned to enable determination of
the exact physical environmental features to be affected within the proximity of the project
site. In addition to identifying the potential positive and negative impacts, field assessments
contributed understanding the proposed works to be undertaken.
The field survey adopted various techniques of baseline data collection on the existing
environmental conditions, namely:
 Field observations and recordings including photography the project site and its vicinity.
 Use of checklists for determining potential environmental impacts of the proposed project.

 Consultations and public participation within the neighbourhood of the project site.
1.2.3. Field Observations
Detailed field observation assessment was undertaken to enable determination of the exact
socio- economic activities within the proximity of the project site. Among the broad focal
areas for which observation was done included settlement patterns, land use commerce, trade
and industry among others. Checklists were used along with observations to check on possible
environmental impacts of the project would have on the environment during both construction
and operational phases. In this assessment, checklists were utilized to: facilitate identification
of potential environmental impacts; provide a means of comparing the predicted
environmental impacts; indicate the magnitude of both positive and negative environmental
impacts; indicate possible adverse environmental impacts that are potentially significant but
about which sufficient information can be obtained to make a reliable prediction; and Indicate
negative potential environmental impacts in the project area, which merit mitigation measures
and monitoring during project implementation.
1.2.4. Alternative Site
This option involves pursuing the proposal but on a different site meaning its impacts that are
relevant to the proposed site or occur due it will be avoided. The avoidance of these in-situ
and ex-situ regional impacts would be the main benefit of this option but there will also be
other impacts specific to the alternative site and due to specifications of the proposed project,
a different site. Alternative sites are also not readily available since availability of land in
urban areas is low.
1.2.5. Alternative Designs
This option curtails undertaking the project but with different infrastructural designs that
encompass: buildings, roads, power, water and sewerage. The presented project design was
however achieved by considering the options available that would ensure cost-effectiveness
and avoid or reduce environmental and social impacts as much as possible.
For the buildings and their layout several options were explored as where they can locate and
it was preferred to locate the residential area further away from the road to shield the
occupants from noise and air pollution. Additionally, several of the other proposed designs
would result in higher building densities and less internal transport/path optimization.

1.2.6. Utilities
Electricity: The proposed project had various options for its sources of the electricity and
these are reviewed in contrast to the preferred option. The building has own generator in case
of power interruption.
1.2.7. Water
There are a number of options that exist for water use is to either use a variety of sources that
curtail: The Municipality water, borehole, sewerage recycling and rainwater harvesting.
The former option which is the base case has the advantages of ensuring consistent supply
while placing as minimal pressure as possible on the City water demand and infrastructure. It
also promotes wise use, water recycling and captures strategies that ensure effective usage
and conservation of water. The disadvantages of this option are that it will involve the
construction of extra facilities and management resources for the treatment plan and therefore
extra costs. The latter option has the main disadvantage of placing the at least maximum
possible pressure on the city water demand although water recycling and conservation
strategies will also be employed.
1.2.8. Transport
Apart from the proposed access modes of having one access from first roundabout, Road the
project has the alternative of using many road accesses. This alternative has the advantage of
decreasing the traffic load around the project site, therefore, this is the preferred option has the
advantage of minimizing this load and increasing access to the site by decentralization.
1.2.9. Materials
Alternative for the materials that will be used in the project involve using locally procured
materials (base case) with the exception of not using timber and the second option involves
primarily importing materials and using timber. The former alternative is preferred option
since it will ensure the project contributes to the national economy by creating business
opportunities for the suppliers of these materials while conserving the environment by
ensuring the most environmentally friendly suppliers are contracted. This option will also not
use timber since most of the hardwoods available in Ethiopia come from the abroad where
forestry is largely unregulated while local timber sources are in most cases not sustainable.

1.2.10. No Project Option
This alternative means forfeiting the proposed development avoiding all its impact both
positive and negative. The only benefit of this option would be negative impacts would be
avoided such as losses in flora & faunal habitats, waste generation and pressure on
infrastructure. However positive gains from the project on the economy would also be lost
such as employment creation, revenue generation, tourism development, capital injection into
the economy and infrastructure developments that may result from the project.
2. Scope of the ESIA
The scope of the study was focused on the areas and within the compound of the project sites.
The surrounding communities were incorporated and discussed the impacts and alternatives
mitigation measures accordingly. The geographical area where there can be a recognizable or
potential impact in terms of disturbances of the natural flora and fauna or from pollutants
(noise, dust, water pollution, etc.). The geographical content of the area will depend on the
emission point source and the distribution. The transportation of the construction materials
and equipment to and from the project site were not considered within the study.
3. ADMINISTRATIVE, LEGAL AND POLICY FRAMEWORK

This section presents the national policy and regulations applicable to the project under the
assessment.
The EIA study for 4 Star Luxury Hotel services is carried out within the framework of the
local and national environmental regulation and guidelines. Ethiopia adopted its Constitution
in 1995, which provides the basic and comprehensive principles and guidelines for
environmental protection, and management in the country. The FDRE consists of the Federal
State and Regional States. Proclamations 33/ 1992, 41/1993 and 4/ 1995 defined the duties
and responsibilities of the Regional States which include planning, directing and developing
social and economic development programs as well as protection of natural resources.
Accordingly, the legislative frameworks applicable to the proposed project are relevant
proclamations, national environmental guidelines and regulations issued by the Federal
Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE).

3.1. National Policy:
3.1.1. The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopian Constitution

The constitution of the Federal Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE) contains a number of articles,
which are relevant to environmental aspects in connection with development projects, as well
as to the environment in general, and forms the fundamental basis for the development of
specific environmental legislative instruments. It has the following significant environmental
objectives that have relevance to this proposed Project.
 Development projects shall not damage or destroy the environment (Article 44),
 People have the right to full consultation and expression of views in the planning and
implementation of environmental policies and projects that affect them directly (Article
43)
 Government and citizens shall have the duty to protect the environment. (Article 92)
The relevant articles are briefly outlined below.
Article 43 states:
People have the right to improved living standards, sustainable development, participation in
national development, and, to be consulted on policies and projects affecting their community.
All international agreements to which Ethiopia is a signatory shall protect and ensure the
country’s right to sustainable development.
Article 44 states:
All persons have the right to a clean and healthy environment, all project displaced persons or
whose livelihoods have been adversely affected by state programmes have the right for
monetary commensurate or alternative compensation, including relocation with state
assistance.
Article 92 states:
All Ethiopians right to live in a clean and healthy environment; full consultation with the
community’s right to express its views in the planning and implementation of environmental
policies that directly affect them, and states the government and citizens duty to protect the
environment and mitigate adverse effects.
3.1.2. The Environmental Policy of Ethiopia (EPE, 1997)
This policy provides a number of guiding principles that indicate and require a strong
adherence to sustainable development, and a high commitment to, among other things, the
need:

 To ensure that environmental impact assessments consider not only physical and
biological impacts but also address social, socio-economic, political and cultural
conditions;
 To ensure that public and private sector development programs and projects recognize
any environmental impacts early and incorporate their containment into the
development design process;
 To recognize that public consultation is an integral part of EIA and ensure that EIA
procedures make provision for both an independent review and public comment before
consideration by decision makers; and
 To ensure that an environmental impact statement always includes mitigation plan for
environmental management problems and contingency plans in case of accidents.
This policy sets the scene for developments and projects within Ethiopia, particularly those of
national significance. The policy underpins the regulatory requirements for EIA and pollution
control and requires developers to aspire to the highest international standards of
environmental and social management for project development.
3.1.3. The Investment Proclamation No. 37/1996:
This proclamation provides the power of allocating land for investment operation to the
regional governments. It lays down major framework for the use of rural land for natural
resources development and conservation which may not be allocated for private investment
especially on that of the peasant holding. Furthermore, the provision of this proclamation
states that the investors shall submit the development proposals on the land utilization plan by
ensuring that the venture will not disrupt environmental security and shall be accepted to the
public. The Landholdings Expropriated For Public Purposes (Council Of Ministers
Regulations No. 135 /2007): These Regulations are issued by the Council of Ministers
pursuant to Article 5 of the Definition of Powers and Duties of the Executive Organs of the
Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Proclamation No. 471/2005 and Article 14 (1) of the
Expropriation of Landholdings for Public Purposes and Payment of Compensation
Proclamation No. 455/2005 with a purpose of not only paying compensation but also to assist
displaced persons to restore their livelihood.
3.1.4. National Rural Land Administration and Use (Proclamation No. 456/2005):
The Rural Land Administration and Use Proclamation (Proclamation No. 456/2005) defines
the state ownership of rural land and the tenure rights of the land occupant, including rights to

"property produced on his land", rights of inter-generational tenure transfer, and rights of
exchange land and limited leasing rights. Provisions are made for the registration and
certification of tenure rights. Part Three of the Proclamation presents regulations relating to
the use of rural land, particularly as it relates to soil and water conservation and watershed
management. The rural land administration and land use laws are to be implemented by the
regional states.
Land holding right gives the right to use the land for industrial purposes as well as to lease it
and, while the right remains in effect, bequeath it to family members, as well as the right to
acquire property thereon, by labour or capital, and to sell, exchange and bequeath the same.
The Proclamation also addresses environmental concerns, including non-compliance with
directives on environmental protection.
An important feature of this Proclamation is that it stipulates rural land use and restrictions
based on proper land use planning, providing for the proper use of various types of land, such
as slopes, gullies and wetlands, as well as the utilization of rural land for villages and social
services. In addition, it is envisaged that the Proclamation will create a sense of ownership
among the vast majority of the rural population and enable them to take initiatives and
collectively engage in environmental management activities.
3.1.5. Industrial Environmental Policy of Ethiopia
The draft industrial policy goal is to:
 Alleviate poverty and improve the socio-economic and Soico –cultural quality of
life of the population.
 Provide the basis for promoting industrial development that meets the development
aspiration of the present and future generations within the limits of regenerative and
assimilative capacity of the natural environment.
 This policy covers sectoral and a cross-sectoral issue, of which issues pertinent to the
manufacturing sector is well taken care of.
3.1.6. Ethiopian Water Resources Management Proclamation (Proclamation No 197/2000)
Article 11 of this proclamation states that without prejudice to the exceptions specified under
Article 16 of this Proclamation, no person shall perform the following activities without
having obtained a permit from the Supervising body (Ministry of water and Energy or
delegated bodies): construct waterworks; supply water, whether for his own use or for others;
transfer water which he/she abstracted from a water resource or received from another

supplier; and release or discharge waste into water resources unless otherwise provided for in
the regulations to be issued for the implementation of this Proclamation. Any person shall be
required to discuss his/her proposal with the supervising body prior to applying\ for a permit
for the purposes specified in Sub-Article (I) of this Article. Article 16 states any person shall
utilize water resources for the following purposes without holding a permit issued by the
Supervising body: dig water wells by hand or use water from hand-dug wells; use water for
traditional irrigation, artisanal and for traditional animal rearing, as well as for water mills.
3.1.7. National Health Policy:
Ethiopia in general and Shashamane City Bishaan Guracha town in particular, has a low level
of health, even in comparison with other Sub-Saharan countries. This is largely related to low
levels of income and widespread poverty, low levels of education, nutritional deficiencies,
poor environmental conditions, and inadequate access to health services. The government has,
therefore, assigned a very high priority to significantly improving health care and, in 1998,
issued a health policy based on the following main principles:
 Democratization and decentralization of the health care system;
 Promotion of disease preventive components;
 Ensuring accessibility to health care for the whole population;
 Development of appropriate capacity based on needs assessment;
 Promotion of private sector and NGO participation in the provision of health care; and
 Promotion and strengthening of inter sectoral activities through a national self-reliance
program.
Strategies and programs have been designed to implement the stated health principles within a
defined period of time. The strategies include raising the awareness of personal and
environmental health care and sanitation through information, education and communication
(IEC), control of disease, and promotion of primary health care through community
participation.
3.1.8. Public Health Policy
Ethiopia in general, has a low level of health care, even in comparison with other countries.
This is largely related to low levels of income and widespread poverty, low levels of
education, nutritional deficiencies, poor environmental awareness and high unemployment
rate which hindered to get access to health services. Therefore, the government has assigned a

very high priority to significantly improving health care and, in 1998, issued a health policy
based on the following main principles:
 Promotion of disease preventive components.

 Ensuring accessibility to health care for the whole population.
 Development of appropriate capacity based on needs assessment.
 Promotion of private sector and NGO participation in the provision of health care.
Therefore, this hotel has first aid for workers to facilitating health care for workers by
contingent.
3.1.9. Policy on HIV/AIDS of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
Government Institution, Non-Government Organizations, religious organizations bilateral and

multilateral agencies, and private sectors, community based Institutions and the community at
large shall be mobilized to support people living with HIV/AIDS and affected family
members. Special attention shall be given to people who are abandoned and helpless. The
right of HIV/AIDS individuals for confidentially in HIV serologic testing and diagnosis shall
be respected. Furthermore, access to employment, education, public facilities and the right to
live wherever they want shall be respected.
3.1.10. Proclamation to Provide for Research and Conservation of Cultural Heritage

(Proclamation No. 209/2000):
This proclamation states that any conservation and restoration work on Cultural Heritage shall
be carried out with the prior approval of the Authority. Where the expenses required for the
conservation and restoration are beyond the means of the owner, the government may grant
the necessary assistance to cover part of such expenses. It also states any person shall ensure
the preservation of cultural heritage situated on land which is given to him in usufruct and an
immovable Cultural Heritage may not be removed from its original site without the prior
written approval of the Authority for Research and Conservation of Cultural Heritage which is
accountable to the Minister of Information and Culture. Any person shall notify the Authority
before removing registered movable Cultural Heritage from its original site.
3.2. Environmental Laws and Regulations
The proclamation establishes a system that enables coordinated but differentiated
responsibilities among environmental protection agencies at Federal and Regional levels. The
proclamation stipulates the need for the establishment of Sectoral and Regional

Environmental Units and Agencies. The principal organization responsible for environmental
protection is the Environmental Protection Authority (EPA), which operates at both Federal
and Regional levels.
3.2.1. Establishment of Environmental Protection Organs (Proclamation No. 295/2002)
This law clarifies the institutional mandate and responsibilities of the Environmental
Protection Authority (EPA) and aims to integrate environmental considerations into the
policies and decision-making of sectoral agencies through such means as the establishment of
environmental units in these agencies at the federal level and the creation of independent
environmental agencies at the regional level. This law also re-established the Environmental
Protection Council, a cross-sectoral co-coordinating body that advises the federal EPA and
supervises its activities. The mandate of the Council includes: (i) reviewing environmental
policies, strategies and laws proposed by the EPA and issuing recommendations to
government; (ii) providing appropriate advice on the implementation of the Environmental
Protection Policy of Ethiopia; and (iii) reviewing and approving directives, guidelines, and
environmental standards prepared by the EPA.
3.2.2. Environmental Impact Assessment (Proclamation No. 299/2002):
This Proclamation aims primarily at making the EIA mandatory for categories of projects
specified under a directive issued by the EPA. The law specifies projects and activities that
will require an environmental impact assessment (EIA). The proponent of the project must
prepare the EIA following the format specified in the legislation. The EPA will then review
the EIA and either approve the project (with or without conditions) or reject it. Under this
legislation, the EPA has to prepare procedures, regulations, environmental guidelines and
standards for the EIA. Environmental guidelines are among the tools for facilitating the
consideration of environmental issues and principles of sustainable development and their
inclusion in development proposals.
This Proclamation requires, among other things:
 Specified categories of projects to be subjected to an EIA and receive an authorization
from the EPA or the relevant regional environmental agency prior to commencing
implementation of the project;
 Licensing agencies to ensure that the requisite authorization has been duly received prior
to issuing an investment permit, a trade or operating license or a work permit to a business
organization;

 The EPA or the relevant regional environmental agencies may issue an exemption from
carrying out an EIA in projects with an insignificant environmental impact;
 A licensing agency may suspend or cancel a licence that has already been issued where
the EPA or the relevant regional environmental agency suspends or cancels environmental
authorization;
 Procedures that need to be followed in the process of conducting an environmental impact
assessment are described in the Proclamation. Thus, a project developer is expected to act
as follows:
 Undertake a timely environmental impact assessment, identifying the likely adverse
impacts, incorporating the means of their prevention, and submitting the environmental
impact study report accompanied by the necessary documents to the EPA or the relevant
regional environmental agency.
 Ensure that an environmental impact assessment is conducted and an environmental
impact study report is prepared by an expert who meets the requirements set forth by the
directive issued by the EPA.
 Submit an environmental impact study report to the EPA or the relevant regional
environmental agency for review.
3.2.3. Environmental Pollution Control Proclamation No. 300/2002:
This Proclamation state "No Person or establishment shall pollute or cause any other person to
pollute the environment by violating the relevant environmental standards.” Environmental
standards specified in the proclamation include:
 Standards for the discharge of effluents into water bodies and sewage systems;
 Air quality standards that specify the ambient air quality and give the allowable
amounts of emission for both stationary and mobile air pollution sources;
 Standards for the types and amounts of substances that can be applied to the soil or be
disposed of on or in it;
 Standards for noise providing for the maximum allowable noise level taking into
account the settlement patterns and the availability of scientific and technological
capacity in the county; and
 Waste management standards specifying the levels allowed and the methods to be
used in the generation, handling, storage, treatment, transport and disposal of the
various types of waste.

3.2.4. Solid Waste Management Proclamation No. 513/2007
The solid waste management proclamation stipulates, among others, that each region or
administration unit shall set its own schedule, and based on that, prepare its solid waste
management plan and report implementation. It further spells out that each administration unit
shall ensure that measures are taken to prevent pollution from mishandling of solid wastes.
Similarly, existing institutional arrangements overseeing the environmental performance of
the industry were summarized. A waste management plan will be prepared during the detailed
design stage of the project to mitigate the impacts through reduction in the use of consumable
items, recycling of materials, and disposal of hazardous wastes at certified locations.
3.2.5. The Environmental Impact Assessment Proclamation No. 299/2002:
The proclamation formalizes EIA as a mandatory legal prerequisite for the implementation of
major development projects, programs and plans. Environmental impact assessment is used to
predict and manage the environmental effects that a proposed developmental activity could
bring about some drawbacks and risks. The design, sitting, construction, operation or ongoing
one as a result of its modification or termination intends and thus helps to bring about
intended development. This proclamation is a proactive tool and a backbone to harmonizing
and integrating environmental, economic, cultural, and social considerations into a decision-
making process in a manner that promotes sustainable development.
3.2.6. Labour Proclamation No. 1156/2019
This proclamation highly emphasizes that an employer should take the necessary measures to
safeguard the health and safety of his workers. The employer shall in particular:
 Comply with the occupational health and safety requirements provided for in this
proclamation
 Take appropriate steps to ensure that the workers are properly instructed and notified
about the hazards of their respective occupations and the precautions necessary to
avoid accident and injury to health
 Provide workers with protective equipment, closing and other materials and instruct
them of its use, etc.
In general, to ensure workers safety and job security the need to respect this proclamation has
been clearly stated in the document.

3.2.7. Public Health Proclamation No 200/2000
Various aspects of public health issues including water quality control, waste handling and
disposal, availability of toilet facilities and others are clearly addressed in the public health
proclamation. This proclamation critically prohibits discharging untreated liquid waste
generated from septic tanks, seepage pits, and industries into water bodies, or water
convergences.
3.2.8. The Investment Proclamation No. 769/2002
This proclamation encourages and expansion of investment, especially in the manufacturing

sector has become necessary to strengthen the domestic production capacity and there by
accelerate the economic development of the country and improve the living standards of its
peoples. It has become necessary to enhance and promote the investments among regions and
benefit the society by ensuring competitiveness among investments made by investors; it has
become essential to put in place a system of supervision to ensure that permits and incentives
granted to investors are used for the intended purposes; the system of administration of
investment needs to be transparent and efficient:, it has been considered that the establishment
of industrial development zones helps by creating enabling and competitive condition, to
interrelate manufacturing sectors based on value interrelate manufacturing sectors based on
value creation as well as to attract and expand investment; to these ends, it has become
necessary to revise the existing law on investment; ,in accordance with Article 55(1)of the
constitution of the federal Democratic republic of Ethiopia, has issued proclamation on :
 Investment objectives and areas of investment

 Forms of investment and capital requirements for foreign investors
 Investment permit
 Registration of technology transfer and collaboration agreements with domestic
investors
 Investment incentives, guarantee and protection
 Investment administration
 Industrial development zones: Establishment of industrials development zones,
administration of industrial development zones, regulations Related to industrial
development zones

3.3. Regulations Pertaining to the Standards
3.3.1. Effluent Standards:
Ethiopia has no national standards governing effluent discharges from industries. However,
since 2003 Ethiopia has had regulations governing the quality of the effluent discharged from
facilities to public sewers and surface water systems (EPA, 2003). These guidelines require
the facility to meet certain basic water quality standards for trade effluent including sewage as
shown in Table 1 below.
Table 1: Limit Values for Discharges to Water sources
Parameter Limit Value
Ph 6–9
BOD5 at 200C 25 mg/l
COD 150 mg/l
Total phosphorus (as P) 5 mg/l
Suspended solids 50 mg/l
Mineral oils at the oil trap or interceptor 20 mg/l
During the detailed design stage of the project, facility requirements will be finalized and will
require use of sewage systems that conform to international standards and criteria for the
protection of potable water sources downstream.
3.3.2. Noise Standards:
Ethiopia has no national legislation for noise as well, but World Bank guidelines have been
adopted by EFCCA and are used for benchmarking purposes along with the National Noise
Standards that are being prepared. The guideline for daytime perimeter noise is 55 decibels
(dBA). The noise level of L90 and L10 will be done via concerning body.
Table 2 provides noise standards being adopted by EPA for Ethiopia.
Limits in dBA
Area Code Category of area
Day time1 Night time2
A Industrial area 75 70
B Commercial area 65 55
C Residential area 55 45

1. Day time reckoned to be between 6.00 am to 9.00 pm
2. Night time reckoned to be between 9.00 pm to 6.00 am
3.3.3. Ambient Air quality Standards:
Although, Ethiopia has no national legislation for air quality so far, the World Bank
guidelines have been adopted by the EPA and are used for benchmarking purposes along with
the draft National air quality Standards that are in preparation by the EPA. Table 3.3 provides
the provisional air quality standards being adopted by EPA for Ethiopia as well the WB/IFC
guidelines values.
Table 3: Limit Values for Emissions to Air
Pollutant Units Guideline values
Ethiopian standard WB standard
Particulate Matter PM2.5 µg/Nm3 None 30a
Particulate Matter10 µg/Nm3 150 100
Sulphur dioxide (as SO2) µg/Nm3 1000 400
Nitrous oxide (as NO2) µg/Nm3 2000 600
a
10 µg/Nm3 if more than 40 percent of the resulting heat comes from hazardous waste
3.3.4. Relevant International Conventions:
Ethiopia has ratified the following international conventions on natural resources and
environmental management:
 Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) (ratified through
Proclamation No. 14/1970);
 Framework Convention on Climate Change (ratified through Proclamation No.
97/1994);
 Convention on Biological Diversity (ratified through Proclamation No. 98/1994);
 The United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (ratified through
Proclamation No. 80/1997);
 The Cartagena Protocol on Bio-Safety to the Convention on Biological Diversity
(ratified through Proclamation No. 362/2003);
 The federal EPA is designated as the focal point for the implementation of the above
conventions.
3.4. Institutional and Administrative Framework
3.4.1. Constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia:

The Constitution is the supreme law of the country, whose provisions all other policies,
regulations and institutional frameworks must comply with. The Constitution of the FDRE
(Proclamation No. 1/1995 as amended) is the foundation for human rights, and natural
resources and environmental management. The Constitution states that:
 Government and all Ethiopian citizens shall have the duty to protect the country’s
environment and natural resources,
 Design and implementation of programs and projects of development shall not damage or
destroy the environment,
 The People have the right to full consultation and expression of views in the planning and
implementation of environment policies and projects that affect them directly,
 The concepts of sustainable development and environmental rights are enshrined in the
Constitution of the FDRE. Article 44 of the revised Constitution of the FDRE states that
all persons who have been displaced or whose livelihood has been adversely affected
because of state programs have the right to commensurate monetary or alternative means
of compensation, including relocation with adequate state assistance. However, the
compensation does not take into account the value of land.
3.4.2. The Federal Environmental Protection Authority (FEPA):
The Authority is an institution responsible for preparing environmental policies for the
country and then, following government approval, to prepare the legislation at the national
level supervising and inspecting the implementation process.
3.4.3. City’s Environment Protection Authority
The Authority has the responsibility to ensure all development projects or programs are
executed in a manner set forth in the EIA requirements.
3.4.4. The Federal and Regional Investment Agencies:
Both the Federal and Regional Investment Agencies have the responsibility to provide the
investment licences provided that the EIA is taken into account.

4. BASELINE INFORMATION OF THE PROJECT AREA
4.1.1. Description of the Study area-Shashamane City
Shashamane, the capital city of West Arsi and the collection centre of the south west of the
Ethiopia. Its status as a primate city located at the heart of the nation has made shashamane a
melting pot of people with diverse background and geographic origins. Most of Shashamane’s
development challenges can be attributed to its unplanned origin and growth, infeasible
development strategies, lack of implementation capacity, and widespread poverty that has
resulted in chronic problems in almost every aspect of the urban life. The reaction of the
present government to these challenges is expressed in its growth and transformation
programme that embrace the urban development agenda. The programme, and other planning
related policies and prospects are reviewed in this profile. It also discusses the historical,
demographic, socioeconomic and spatial aspects of Shashamane including the situation of
informal settlements. The town is in the climatic zone, locally known as Woyna Dega, which
is very suitable for agriculture as well as human settlement. Fig 1 Map of Shashamane
4.1.2. Bio physical base line information

4.1.2.1. Climate
Nekemte CityClimate is traditionally
and its Sub city classified based on altitude and temperature. Topographically, the
altitude of West-Arsi ranges from 500 metres above sea level (masl) to 3200masl. The 15

highlands are temperate and cold climate (are locally called Dega or Badaa ranges from 2300-
3200masl), midland (warm or locally called Woinadega or Badadaree –ranges from
1500 to 2300masl), and lowland are hot and arid (also called Kola or Gamojjii, ranges from
500 to 1500masl) each comprising 45.5%, 39.6% and 14.9% of the land area respectively.
Average annual temperature in the zone varies between 15 and 20 °C. Like most part of
Ethiopia, there are three distinct seasons in the zone, two rainy seasons and one dry season.
Meher season (also called gaana): is the main rainy season, occurring from June to mid of
September. The Meher mean annual rainfall varies between 800 mm and 1400 mm. Belg
season (Arfaasaa) is the small rainy season occurring from February to May. In the country in
general, Belg and Meher contribute nearly 31% and 56% of the annual rainfall for the period
1969 to1987 respectively (NMSA 1996). Meher is the main production season in the zone
and the country.
Though, the amount of rain received is low compared to Meher, in districts such as
Shashamane Belg rain accounts for about 50% crop production (West-Arsi Zone FS- DPPO
2008) and up to 40% of the production at the zone level (personal information from West
Arsi Director of DPPO). Therefore, the Belg rain is equally important and any damage to the
Belg has also remarkable implications on the socio-economic activities of the society. Failure
of both Belg and Meher rains together leads to notorious drought and famine. The Bega
season (also called Bona) is the dry season of the year and commences in October and ends in
January. There are 13 identified soil types in the zone, which exist in combination of Orthic
luvisols (56.6%), Eutric Combilsols (18.94%), Vertisols (12.1%) and others (12.26%) (West-
Arsi zone ARDO 2008).
4.1.2.2. Water resources
Water resources of the area depend mainly on rainfall and other climatic characteristics, as
well as the hydrological, geological and topographical settings of the study area. As part of an
integrated water resource and development program the use of surface and groundwater must
be dealt with keen interest in addressing the acute problems of adequate and safe water supply
schemes in the study area. The long-term mean annual rainfall of the area has been assessed to
be about 1,300 mm/year. For further calculations, the area is 720 km2, the value of specific
surface runoff is 8.5 l/s.km 2 and specific baseflow is 3.5 l/s.km2 for the aquifers of the
Shashemene sub-sheet. are good water resources to be used for irrigation, as well as for

drinking water supply of people living within the area. The total water resources of the area
have been assessed to be 193 Mm3 /year.
4.1.2.3. Topography
The geomorphology of the study area is part of the southwestern geomorphology of
Ethiopian plateau. Steeply faulted and low mountains that generally, dip from south to north
characterize the study area. The area consists three types of landscapes from; these are gentle
slope landform, valley land from and slat landform. The valley landform lies on the northern
part of the area. It is the lower moot morphologic feature in the area. The Gaba ruler runs
from east to west with in this valley. The valley landform is covered by dense forest and
natural coffee. The gentle slope landform is covered by coffee plantation, grassland and form
lands. The drainage pattern of the area is dendritic and parallel pattern the drain to Gaba
Basin River.
4.1.3. Socio-Economic baseline information
4.1.3.1. Population
On the other side, based on socio-economic profile of (West-Arsi zone ARDO 2008), the
zone is inhabited by a total population of 1,844,542; of which 85.27% population is
considered as rural, and the remaining 14.73% is classified as urban. The female population
accounts for 50.5% of the urban and 49.5% of the rural population. According to the same
census the household size is 7.2 for rural and 5.6 for urban. This is higher than the country
level average household size of 3.9 for urban and 4.9 for rural, and for Oromiya Regional
State 3.8 in urban and 5 in rural (CSA 2008). The socio-economic status of the population
around project site is similar with a livelihood of the population livening in the zones. The
main activities of the population are agricultural practices and with very limited retailers.
Most of the population has tin made houses with block wall. Cattle, sheep, mule, horse and
donkey are also observed in the areas.
4.1.4. Infrastructures and social services
4.1.4.1. Transport and Communication
Regarding infrastructure, the city has asphalt and gravel roads connecting to different sub-city
and kebeles. In addition to these; the city gets 24 hours electric supply from the national grid,
mobile and fixed telephone lines and internet services.
4.1.4.2. Historical, cultural, religious and archaeological

There is no reported historical or archaeological resource in the project area. During the field
visit the Consultant do not encountered site of historical, cultural, religious and archaeological
importance located near to the project area. Enquiries to residents in the area have indicated
that there are no known sites of historical or archaeological significance in the vicinity of the
proposed project site.
4.1.5. Gender issues

There is no gender inequality and equity as expect at project area as it is also the case in most
part of Ethiopia. Women manage the bulk of household affairs in the area, including food
preparation and caring children etc. Women efficiency and commitment in carrying out their
assignment qualify them to be employed in the envisaged project. This gender specific
opportunity will address the historical disproportionate burden of unemployment on woman.
Consideration to be given for keeping the above beneficial opportunity the project provider to
women and actions to avoid work area problems women can face.
4.1.6. Public Attitude and perception
The environmental impact assessment proclamation No. 299/2002, article 15, sub article 1
and 2, addresses public participation.
Accordingly, Public Consultation was undertaken, to identify issues during scoping and
impact study. The public/stakeholder consultation have been conducted to inform interested
group and individuals about the plan, to create opportunity for timely and meaningful input,
to consider the concerns and values of the public particularly those interested and affected
parties(I&APs) by the project.
Public participation is basically concerned with involving, informing and consulting the
public in planning, management and other decision-making activities for the project. Public
participation ensures that due consideration is given to public values, concerns and
preferences when decisions are made. It encompasses the public actively, sharing in the
decisions that government and other agencies make in their search for solutions to issues of
public interest. Public consultation in this project was done with the following aims:
 To inform the neighbours and other stakeholders about the proposed project and its
objectives.
 To seek views, concerns and opinions of local community and other people around the
area concerning the project.

 To establish if the local people foresee any positive or negative environmental effects
from the proposed project and if so, how they would wish the perceived impacts to be
addressed.
5. Description of the project

The project will be implemented on a plot relatively flat measuring approximately 8000 m2
with commercial buildings that will be segregated to pave way for the proposed Hotel.
Specifically, the project is located within the territory of the Shashamane Bishaan Guracha
town. The project is bounded by the road in east, fuel statin in west, road in both north and
south directions. The development once completed, will offer state of the art premium offices
and an internationally styled business hotel housed in a 30-guest house. The building will
have basements floors that will serve as the parking area for tenant cars, strong rooms (Vault),
sorting and counting room, ground water reservoir room, treatment plant room (for swimming
pool) and parking space for van. The building will also be serviced with seven (7) lifts, have
fibre cable serving all the floors. As part of the building services; Electricity and water are
readily available. The project wants to achieve a work and play character making it appealing
to potential tenants. The construction will have the following but not limited to: a Ground
floor; a reception room, grounding floor, Lobbies (Main Building), changing rooms (main
building), swimming pool (outside of main building), store, generator, and guard’s rooms
(outside of main building) and surface parking (outside of main building). First floor;
restaurant and reception, second floor has guest house. Third floor has multipurpose Hall and
guest House. Fourth and fifth floor is for guest house, sixth floor is guest house and Laundry,
linen, and Janitors’ rooms, seventh floor is for guest house and finally roof level is service for
seat for elevated water tank.
This Environmental and Social Impact Assessment is undertaken under requirements of
Environmental Management Coordination of proclamation no. 299 schedule II as stipulated
by National Environment Management Authority that requires all development projects to do
so in order to elucidate the potential adverse impacts of a project and thereby devising
appropriate mitigation measures.
It is generating pollutants and have burden on natural resources. Some forms of processing,
particularly for developed beyond traditional methods and are now water intensive yet often
cited in areas of water scarcity. By its nature, Hotel building for extraction produces large

amounts of effluent high in organic content. If untreated, this may be displayed in the form of
stagnant effluent ponds from which strong odours emanate. Other forms of processing,
despite not requiring water, generate very visible dust waste.
Wastewater from the Hotel, if released directly into the environment before proper treatment,
is a source of pollution. In many areas where traditional processing is practiced, wastewater is
normally discharged beyond the multi- building wall into roadside ditches or fields and
allowed to flow freely, settling in shallow depressions. Eventually, this will percolate into the
subsoil or flow into streams. Besides large quantities of soil contaminations, discharged
wastewater contains a number of contaminating substances. Normally, wastewater discharged
from Hotel is organic with high organic matter content and suspended solids.
All solid and liquid wastes generated from the construction activities should be managed
properly. Solid wastes must be collected and burnt in a burn pit specially created for this
purpose. These burning pits must be placed away from the groundwater well head, seasonal
wetland and covered up after completion of the construction work.
6. Identification of Environmental and social Impacts
6.1. Overview
This part of the report addresses potential impacts associated with the plant and measures for
both mitigating (i.e. avoidance, reduction, or restoration of) negative impacts, and
enhancing/optimizing of positive effects. In this sense, potential impacts may not necessarily
be the actual plant impacts only; but also, the anticipated or all possible impacts due to the
establishment and operations or implementation of the plant. Accordingly, in the impact
assessment, the sources of impacts and their effects, the environmental media or receptors of
the impacts shall be identified to measure the severity of the impacts against the national or
international standards.
6.2. Positive Impacts

The major positive impacts of the hotel are mainly those of economic benefits at the national,
regional and local level due to the saving of foreign exchange, income from the taxation, and
creation of employment as well as technology transfer, capacity building of the citizens. The
project has more positive impacts by creating job opportunities for both youth and adults. The
most beneficiary of the project is the youth who are eager to get the job. For instance, the

project will create the job opportunities at least for more than 109 employees. The gender
imbalance will be not considered and the opportunities will be equal for all, but the ladies
have pre-opportunities to be deployed within the services.
6.2.1. Design phase (Pre-construction Phase)
Creation of Employment and Business opportunities
The design phase of the project will create employment and business opportunities for various
professionals/consultants who will be involved in the planning stages of the project. They will
include: project managers, engineers, architects, building economists, land surveyors,
environmentalists, economists, urban planners among others. These professionals may be
employed directly in the project or be consultants whose services will be procured.
Generation of Income and Source for Government Revenue
Income generated from the consultancies and services undertaken will provide income which
will be taxed and generate revenue for the state. In addition, fees levied for the submission of
plans to the local authorities and state agencies for approval and application for services will
generate revenue that is used to meet the various governmental goals and objectives.
Additionally, in order to operationalize the proposed project financial resources will have to
be mobilized and these will be injected into the economy.
6.2.2. Construction phase
Creation of Employment
The activities involved in the erection, maintenance and management of the proposed houses
will generate employment i.e. employees involved in the production, sale and transportation
of the buildings materials, construction of the building, maintenance of the building and
management (caretaker, domestic staff etc.). Security services, cleaning and waste collection
are also some of the services that will benefit indirectly. Other employment opportunities that
will be created will include for workers involved in the civil and interior works of
construction such as engineers, masons, foremen, bricklayers, machine operators, interior
designers, electricians, masons etc.
Market for goods and services
To facilitate the construction activities goods and services including raw materials, plumbing
services, electrical fittings, transport landscaping and finishing. It therefore offers a market for
these goods and services promoting the primary and secondary sectors involved in their
procurement such as: quarrying and brick production; furniture and carpentry; glass

production; plant and gardening; tarmac, asphalt and bitumen; chemicals; building
contractors; electric fittings; plumbing fittings and water infrastructure etc.
Increased population
The influx of labour into the area and subsequent people/workers to service them or provide
them with goods such as food will be another positive impact of the proposed project. This is
taken as positive since the population increase if sustainable will create additional market for
goods and services offered in the area, increase the amount of mobilized capital and also
increase the social capital in the area.
Increased Economic Activities and Revenue

The construction phase of the project will also increase the economic activities in the region,
and revenue for the central government through taxes, through businesses that will be formed
to service the increased population. These services include health, food and nutrition,
transport and recreation that the workers taking part in the construction will require from time
to time.
6.2.3. Operational phase
Increased Commercial Viability
The establishment of the project in the area, the goods and services it will offer will increase
the commercial viability of the area and will consequently increase the land values in the
surrounding area due to the potential high returns after development. This will attract more
high-income investors into the region as well as more middle-income groups as settlers.
Creation of Employment Opportunities

The proposed project will create employment in three tiers, with the first being the staff that
will be primarily involved in its implementation, supervision and maintenance. The second
tier will be staff for the businesses that will formed in the commercial and retail area and
those involved in these businesses supply and value chains. The third tier of employment
creation will be for the people who will take the opportunities presented to service the
increased population and the population’s amenities.
Through these three tiers the project will create employment for high level staff, middle level
staff and low-level staff in line with all development policies in the country and county. Also

through the third tier and low level staff, the project will in advertently create jobs for locals
since this has always been the case with projects of similar nature due to the fact that the
locals are readily available and have the shortest access time to the site.
It is also important to note that all these employees will be taxed and generate revenue for the
taxman thereby contributing to more state implemented development projects.
Increased Accommodation/Housing
The project will also increase the amount and quality of housing available in the City through
the residential are the guest house with 39 rooms. Housing is challenge in the county mainly
due to the high population growth rate therefore the project will contribute to solving this
problem and in line with development policies.
Increased Access to Goods, Services and Social Amenities

The commercial area of the project will increase access to quality goods and services that
encompass those that will be provided by the shops, supermarket and businesses. Also, the
recreational facilities created by the project will increase both the social facilities and health
of the region, which is psychologically linked to human wellbeing and productivity. This will
stimulate other economic activities linked to these services and goods on top of improving the
quality of life that is linked this access of goods and services.
Increased Economic Activities and Government Revenue

The project will also increase the economic activities that will be carried in the area through
those that will be primarily as a result of: the project’s internal and ancillary activities; its
supply chain; its value chain, and those that will be formed as a result of the project to support
its occupants. The latter includes businesses that may form around the project site such as
shops, kiosks and transport.
All these businesses activities will be taxed and generate revenue for the central government
in addition to providing a market for their supply and value chains.
Stimulation to Urban Development

Cumulatively with other developments in the area (Bishaan Guracha) the project will lead to
turning the area from a lower tier urban area to at least a middle tier urban area. This has

benefits of increasing the quality of life and revenue generation from increased activities. It is
predicted that the project will increase the viability of the area to develop more residential
areas and commercial establishments since it will increase the market and labour available,
and the socioeconomic status of the region.
Aesthetic Enhancements
The proposed project will result in beautification of the locality. This will include
establishment and maintenance of flower beds and greenery belt. The design concept has been
inspired by modern lifestyle expectation of space interacting with nature to produce lifestyle
targets which uphold current quality of living.
Improved Roads
The improvement and development of the project’s access road from the Outer Ring Road
round about as part of the project will increase the amount and quality of roads in the area.
This will improve access to the neighbourhoods and commercial establishments lying in the
western region of the project and therefore increase their business activities. This will also be
in line with local and national development policies that recognize the importance of roads
and infrastructure towards development.
Population Increase
From the influx of labour and economic opportunities resultant of the project, the population
of the region will be increased. This will be positive if the increase is sustainable on the basis
of the opportunities and services available leading to the population being an increase in
human and social capital as well as market for the various goods and services sold in the area.
Impetus to Improve Amenities and Services
An increase in population to the area will provide an impetus for the City Council to improve
the much-needed amenities and infrastructure to the area. It will provide a stronger lobbing
group. The influx will also provide an impetus to develop shared facilities i.e. schools,
hospitals, shops. This will have the indirect effect of creating job opportunities in the area.
Companies also in the business of providing services such as telecommunication will also be
encouraged to extend their networks to the region since it will be a ready and capable market
for their services.

6.2.4. Decommissioning phase
Creation of Employment and Business Opportunities
The decommissioning phase and its activities will create business for the contracting company
that will be charged with pulling down the structure and transporting the resultant
materials/debris. Additionally, on shut down moving companies will also benefit from being
contracted to move equipment and materials from the different businesses and residential
units in the project. All these income streams will be taxed and generate income for the
central government.
Additionally, the decommissioning activities will create employment and job opportunities for
the different professionals involved in them. These include: engineers, demolition experts,
landscaper and garners, foremen, supervisors, masons, truck drivers and crane operators
amongst others.
Income Generation
Decommissioning the project will create recyclable materials and equipment such as: stones,
bricks, metals, furniture, switchboards, pumps etc. may be sold for income albeit cheaper than
new ones they will generate taxable income for the proponent.
Provision of Cheaper Building Materials

The decommission phase of the project will create recyclable building materials such as
bricks, stones, metals, glass, wiring, furniture, electronics and water pumps, plumbing etc.
which at present market trends will be cheaper than new materials. This will thus provide
cheaper building material for future projects strategically increasing the productivity of the
purposes the establishments in which they are used.
It is also possible that the materials may be donated and used for development projects
(schools, hospitals etc.) in much needed areas. This will assist in promoting development
where its mostly needed and generally improve the quality of life in those areas and
cumulatively in the country.
Environmental Conservation and Restoration

The recycling of the waste to be used as raw materials in other construction process reduces
the demand for raw materials. This in turn reduces the potential impact to the environment
that would have been felt if the demand of the raw materials hadn’t reduced. For instance,
leaving the land derelict and destroying the habitat as a result of mining activities.
6.3. Adverse Impacts of the Project

6.3.1. Negative Impacts During Pre-Construction Phase
During pre-construction phase there is a few number of the impacts will be observed. Some
few of the impacts are emphases here.
Road cleaning
Before starting the construction, the contractor has conducted the road clearing cleaning
activities. During the road cleaning, there is destroying of the flora and fauna has already
existed in the site.
Noise pollution
As the road cleaning is conducting, an expected noise level might be generated. However, the
noise impacts have been subjected to the specific area. A number of population/workers
affected because of the activities are low.
Traffic conjunction
Since the contractor is travelling the construction materials towards the site, there are a
number of the vehicles, excavators, loaders and others cars that will make the impacts on the
traffic conjunction and surrounding communities.
Construction of the Camp
The camp will be constructed for the workers, guards and canteen. During construction of the
camp, there will be a number of dusts generated from the excavation and cleaning the site.
6.3.2. Negative Impacts During Construction phase
Loss of Flora and Fauna Habitats
Vegetation has a great effect on the general and localized environment and normally can
modify microclimate. Usually, the flora creates a good environment for habitats thus the two
may go together more often than not. In consequence, de-vegetation during construction may
result to negative effects on the fauna by creating a disturbance.
The vegetation is important in as food and habitat for various animals. It also assists in
maintaining the structure of the soil by holding the particles together. This enables the soil

microorganisms to flourish as their habitat; the soil is stable. This in turn allows the organisms
easily convert the dead leaves and plans to humus which helps enrich the soil as well as
preventing soil erosion. Converting the land area into a mostly built environment will
minimize the natural process of the existing vegetation. See the following picture that shows
the grass root of the project progress.
Emission of Air pollutants (Dusts)
The works involved in this phase of this project will also emit various air pollutants which
can have both negative effects on both human and environmental health. One of these is dusts
from the soil excavation, decommissioning of existing structures, carving of bricks and
movement of trucks on loose top soil after the land has been cleared. Excavations and the use
of cement and sand among other like- materials are bound to increase the dust and particle
levels in the air around the development area. Such effects should be avoided through the use
of dust screens. Workers at the site should also be provided with protective clothing to avoid
negative health effects
Also, engines burning fossil fuels (vehicular and generators) will emit oxides of Carbon,
Sulphur and Nitrogen, and these also pose risks to human and environmental health on top
some of them being GHGs such as (CO2). Welding operations will also emit gases and
fumes such as ozone, chromium particularly in its hexavalent state (Cr6+), nickel (potential
carcinogens), cadmium and lead10, whilst others include: NOx, NO2, CO, CO2, O3 from
mild and stainless steel welding6. The health effects of exposure to these fumes can include
irritation of the upper respiratory tract (nose and throat), tightness in the chest, wheezing,
metal fume fever, lung damage, bronchitis, pneumonia or emphysema. While particulate
welding fume is usually fairly easy to see, gaseous fumes are invisible
Generation of Noise
The construction activities and processes will also generate noise above the ambient levels of
the area. One of the sources of this noise would be from the trucks’ and tractor’s engines
moving in the area either undertaking the civil works or ferrying materials, wastes and
equipment to and fro the project site and these will form the mobile sources of noise during
this phase. Some point sources of noise will include civil works which will be operation
specific or localized at the site due to the scope of the activities. This category of noise will
include activities such as excavation, hammering, sawing, grinding; moving of material to and
fro storage and also the use of generators.

One of the risks of the noise would be to the surrounding areas where they may create a
nuisance or disturbance. Whereas at the site the loud noises pose a risk to the workers and site
personnel since loud noises increase the risk of ear damage and deafness. Table 6- 2below
shows some of the levels of noise that can emitted from the project’s activities during this
phase.
There will be an increase in the levels of noise in the construction site owing to the nature of
machinery in use and the activities such as drilling and excavation. The normal levels of 55
decibels recommended by World Health Organization (WHO) will be surpassed in the
duration of the construction process. However, this is a minor negative impact since the site
area is largely an agricultural area with sparse residential settlement.
Generation of Solid wastes
Waste Millions of tonnes of solid waste is generated annually by human beings and may
therefore pose great hazard if there are no proper disposal and handling systems. The
construction phase will also lead to generation of construction wastes from the civil works
and operations on the materials involved in this assessment. These wastes include: plastics,
metal shavings, wood shavings, food wastes, plants, gases (Carbon, Nitrous and Sulphurous
Oxides), fumes (from glues and other hydrocarbons), stone shavings, ceramics, bricks, glass,
cardboard, soil, cement, asphalt, sand, concrete, paper, paints, sealants, adhesives, fasteners,
construction effluent (grey water).
This type of waste poses risks to both human and environmental health and thus proposed
project would require an adequate waste management strategy, occupational health and safety
strategy, and hazardous material safety plan. Some environmental impacts would include soil
contamination, water and air pollution, whereas health risks include: breathing complications
and respiratory diseases, cancer, skin disorders, poisoning etc.
Soils (erosion)
The existing landscape undergoes natural erosion every summer due to run-off. Construction
work, disturbance of the surface and excavation of overburden material could potentially
increase erosion due to surface run-off. The excavation of materials for construction will take
place away from Hotel and Mixed Used purposes area and in relatively flat landscape.
Erosion will not be considered as a major issue in construction works as the soils in the
project area similar and conducted during winter season. Erosion will be a local phenomenon
while it may be medium in operation phase if soil conservation mitigation measures are

neglected. Excavation works in the construction and waste dumps will contribute to erosion if
the suggested mitigation measures are not applied.
6.3.3. Adverse Impacts During Operational Phase
Solid Waste Generation
During operational phase, a number of wastes will be generated. Wastes like solid wastes,
liquid wastes and others hazardous wastes may be occurred.
The hotel is not expected to generate major solid and liquid wastes during its operation phase.
The bulk of the solid waste generated during the operation of the plant will consist of over left
food, different wastes and other domestic wastes. Such wastes can be injurious to the
environment through blockage of drainage systems, choking of water bodies and negative
impacts on animal health. Where solid wastes are not well managed offensive odours may be
generated and seepage may result in the contamination of soil and water resources.
Most of the solid wastes that will be generated through the daily work can be divided into 2
main categories:
 The ordinary room wastes that the workers and the staff generate all-day around; e.g. food
residues, unneeded debris,
 Food residues and packing materials.
When determining the significance of the potential impacts on the environment, an extremely
important “weight factor” should be considered i.e., that in fact, the quantities of the solid
waste, generated during the operation of the hotel building shall be very small.
Impact from Wastewater Discharges (Liquid wastes)
The liquid wastes will be generated because of the laundry processing, food making, hand
wash, shower and toilet room. These wastes will be collected within the septic tank prepared
for these purposes. The septic tank will be standardized based on the volume of the liquid
wastes generated from the hotel.
Improper disposal of generated wastewater could result in groundwater contamination with

chemical as well as biological contaminants. Also, secondary impacts from mixed wastewater
discharge and storage can include odour generation, and attraction of flies and incidence of
associated vector diseases. If no mitigation and control measures are in place, the potential
effects of the small volume of discharge are anticipated to be insignificant and its occurrence

is low. See the following picture show that the sewerages discharging from the hotel’s wastes
like latrine wastes, showers and others sources.
The Hotel might have designed the high standards septic tank that has the following standards:

Depth = 4m

Length = 5m

Width= 5m

Capacity = Depth * length * width = 100m3
Therefore, the septic tank has capacity of 100 metric cubic. All domestics wastewater like
laundry wastes, toilets, hand wash, showers, and restaurants and bar and others like wastes
will be accumulated in the same septic. The wastes have transported to a place were separated
for liquid wastes by municipality. The wastes will be sold to the waste transporter either
government or small-scale enterprises.
Generation of Noise
The activities of this phase of the project will also generate noise and these will be from
various point sources such as if diesel generators without silencers are used and also any
repair works that may be carried as necessitated by the project’s operations. Although the
noise levels emitted during this stage will be less than during the construction, the impact will
have more receptors since there will be more people in the area as a direct result of the project
being operational.
Socio - cultural Impacts
The locals may also be forced to move from the area if the land values increase and they end
being bought out to pave way for more commercial developments that are predicted to occur
in the region. Thus, they would face a loss of social control and ownership to the region if this
happens and economic segregation may occur on the basis of richer, middle and upper class
moving into the area and displacing the local lower class.
However, this may be treated as a minor impact since most communities in Shashamane City
Bishaan Guracha town are welcoming and easy to interact with. Also, since Shashamane is a
predominantly urban and developed area that has a higher level of social permissiveness than
most other urban areas in the surrounding.

Social interactions and increased population may also present public health risks from
communicable diseases such as respiratory diseases, HIV/AIDS, typhoid and cholera amongst
others. The latter two diseases can be caused as result of increased population without
commensurate services in sanitation, whilst the increase in population alone will place
pressure on available medical and health care.
OSH Risks
Several OSH risks will also be created by either the activities, equipment and materials of the
operational phase of the project, and these have been listed in Table 3-2 below alongside their
sources: Table 3.1 Operational Phase OSH Risks
Thus a plan to manage the OSH risks during this stage will also enable the proposed project
will also be important and necessary. This plan may simply be an extension of the one
developed for the construction phase and can be further extended to the decommissioning
phase.
Increased Air Pollution
Cumulatively with other projects and activities carried out in the area the proposed project
will emit pollutants to the air that present risks to human and ecosystem health. Table 6-4
below delineates some of the air pollutants expected from the project and the environmental
and social aspects that they present a risk on.

Table 3.2: Source of air Pollution
The project will have air emissions of some regulated components in the operation phase from
diesel consumption, incinerations, and kitchens fumigate smoking, debris wastes, power
generation and heating, dust control systems, build ventilation and engine emissions from
road transport. The project will use fuel consumption in case of power interruption as the
main ingredient in the production of foods, lighting, and others. Thus, the process generates
emission of carbon dioxide (CO2). CO2 is a greenhouse gas (GHG) that contributes to global
warming and climate change.
Health and Safety Impacts

Some aspects of the building’s process present potential risks for the health and safety of
workers on site. The handling of dangerous substances and the operation of the equipment of
the plant for instance present risks that should be prevented and managed adequately in order
to ensure the health and safety of workers on site.
Storage, transport and handling of the various substances used should be done in accordance
with applicable instructions (material safety data sheets). In so far as the operation of plant
equipment and machinery is concerned, the supplier should provide quality control methods

and standard operating procedures, prepare operation and maintenance manuals and train the
staff in that regard as well as provide site supervision, including executing tests. New staff
members should undergo induction and awareness training to sensitize them about the
environmental, health and safety risks on site, and the contents of the EMP.
Employees’ health hazard is minimal if protective gears are provided to them. Noise pollution
during cut off, peel off and wrapping could cause hearing problem to employee’s additionally
mechanical harms and electrical shocks are also common impacts in the tissue paper
processing industries.
7. Impact Mitigation Measures of the Identified Impacts
7.1. Mitigation Measures during Pre-construction Phase
During pre-construction phase, the administration issues and related works were conducted.
The most activities were facilitating the conditions for the next-steps. Accordingly, the legal
issues and land clearing were done. The most impacts identified during this phase were
construction of camps, road cleaning, and effects on flora and fauna, and traffic conjunction.
For these impacts, the proponent and contractor were conducting awareness creation and
water spraying for the dusts emitted from the processes to avoid dust pollution. The awareness
creation was selected as main tool for impact mitigation since the attitude of the workers is
mandatory. Respecting was done for the invisible fauna and flora during camp construction.
7.2. Mitigation Measures during Construction Phase
During construction phase, the project impacts will be high since the project is located within
the central part of the city. Some of the impacts identified during construction phases are as
follow:
Flora and Fauna
The destroyed flora and fauna will be rehabilitated by planting the various indigenous trees
within and around the hotel. The planted trees, flowers help to absorbs dusts emitted from the
fuels, kitchens, and others processing happened in the hotel. The 2% of the total project
(about 120m2) will be allocated for the green belt development.
Solid wastes
Different types of the solid wastes will be generated from the construction of the hotel. Hence,
the contractor will be responsible to manage the wastes by categories. Segregating the wastes

and disposing at appropriate place. Recycling if the materials will be reusable unless sent to
the permanent solid waste disposal area.
Noise:
The main source of the noise during this phase is construction of materials, traffic and
machines. Hence, noise pollution is main impact of the project. For this reason, the contractor
must use the noise reducing methods like greasing the machines, reducing the trucks noise,
speed of the vehicles and creating the awareness for the operators. PPE may be utilized in
case of no option to reduce the noise level towards the permissible noise level. Since the
numbers of the projects are performing within the periphery of the project, there is high
background noise which has an effect on the noise that directly emanated from the activities.
Therefore, ear Muff or ear plug is mandatory for operator.
Dust emission and air quality
The dusts are generating from the excavation and trafficking. Excavation is the main sources
of the pollution. The operator must use water during excavation. Safety devices and PPE for
the workers. Covering the building by safety mesh.
Soil Erosion
Soil erosion because of the excavated land will be controlled by diverting the direction of
floods coming up from the upstream. Constructing the trace for floods. Avoiding the summary
construction schedule.
Social Interaction (population influx)
Because of the job seeking, a number of workers are gathering at the project site. These may
be increasing the risk of HIV/AIDS. Hence, awareness creation is the main protection of the
individuals from the case.
7.3. Impacts s mitigation measures During Operational Phase

a) Impacts mitigation measures of Solid waste: Mitigation measures to reduce on the
incidence of solid waste:
 Awareness creation of the workforce about the pollution consequence of solid waste and
provide waste collection bins and professional engineered on-site landfill disposal
facility.

 The company “needs to develop technologies for waste collection (of an accidentally
spilled hazardous waste), The company has to utilize a small mobile installation that
provides options for appropriate collection and treatment of the waste at the building site,
in case if some emergency situation occurs. The final products from the waste treatment
processes shall be containerized in containers and shall be directed to a certified landfill
for definitive disposal; otherwise, it should be re-used, recycled. A subsequent cleaning of
the impacted area with process water (under pressure) should be performed.
 An appropriate environmental protection actions, which will provide full protection of the
environment during the on-site handling and the on-site temporary storage of the
generated waste, as well as during transportation of the already containerized waste, have
has to be developed and would be carried out.
b) Suggested Mitigation Measures for nonhazardous wastes: The following measures are
proposed to mitigate the impacts:
 Organic waste, particularly screened waste material should be composted in an
appropriate manner and reused by the needy individuals/company for soil fertility
maintenance under the supervision of the staff from ministry.
 Provision of onsite toilet and bathing facility on proper location such as avoiding
proximity to water sources.
Consequently, by adopting proposed waste management plan and the outlined mitigation
measures, it is concluded that the air emission impacts associated with the waste disposal
will be negligible
Impact Mitigation Measure of wastewater

The septic tanks should be designed to handle wastewater generated from the existing facilities.
Therefore, no untreated sanitary wastes or wastewaters will be discharged to the land or to the
permanent surface water bodies from the different sources. Additionally, storage of mixed
wastewater shall be done in closed lined septic tank excavated on site. Measures to be
integrated in the design of septic tanks and in the management of wastewater include:
 Provision of the septic tanks with an overflow to an open pit where evaporation will take
place. The pit should be constructed to a depth of typically no less than 5 m above the
seasonal high-water table. Measures such as careful sitting, or installation of berms

should be adopted to prevent natural surface drainage from entering the pit or breaching
during heavy storms.
 An appropriate Emergency Response Plan should be developed. The subject of such a

Plan should include all necessary activities, applied for treatment, handling, collection and
on-site storage of the hazardous waste.
 Special training courses should be conducted to all personnel, involved with treatment,
identification, segregation, handling and management of the generated waste.
 Waste water pit shall be constantly monitored by the mixed use building environmental
and beatification focal person. Wastewater shall be evacuated from pit by a local
subcontractor with sealed lined Hotel containers mounted on trucks when septic pit is
filled to avoid wastewater overflow.
With the proper application on the wastewater management plant, impact on groundwater
quality from wastewater storage in septic tanks is expected to be minor and its occurrence low
with the proper application of the above listed mitigation measures.
Impact Mitigation Measures of nuisance noise

Further mitigation measures could be adopted to reduce noise limits to permissible noise
levels including:
 The cleaning machines have to be certified for noise level intermittent.
 The processing machine/equipment needs to use the best available noise control
techniques (e.g., improved mufflers; equipment redesign; use of intake silencers,
ducts, engine enclosures and/or acoustically attenuating shields or shrouds) wherever
feasible and necessary.
 Use of properly tuned engines, proper mountings and muffling of equipment and
equipment fitted with silencers;
 Providing permanent enclosures around the heavy noise producing equipment;
 Ensuring good maintenance and repair of the heavy equipment;
 All equipment shall be switched off when not in use.
 Stationary noise sources shall be located as far from sensitive receptors as possible. If
they must be located near sensitive receptors, they shall be muffled to the extent
feasible and enclosed within temporary shed.

Adopting the proposed mitigation measures would most likely reduce the noise impacts
generated from paper plant operation during evening and night-time period to a minor effect.
Offsite Traffic Noise Impact mitigation measures

The company shall also develop a detailed traffic management plan for organizing truck
movement inside the plant, traffic flow, parking spaces, warning signs, timing, directions,
measures to prevent traffic related accidents or injuries to workers and motorist driving along
the highway and at the facility main entrance/exit gate. The adoption of the propose
mitigation measure will reduce the impacts from offsite noise pollution to acceptable minor
level.
In order to mitigate such impacts on the occupational health, the company should Provide
adequate Personnel Protective Equipment (PPE) to workers working at all noisy
activities/locations that exceed permissible occupation noise level limits set in Ethiopia
Permissible threshold Occupational noise level standards in different work areas.
 Install high noise warning boards which will be displayed in areas of noise levels and
mandate ear protection the identified high-risk area.
 Noise level monitoring should be conducted regularly to ensure that noise levels
during all times are within national noise exposure standards.
 Additional noise level control measures and occupational/community health
preventive measures needs to be considered following the prevailing national and
international guidelines.
With the adequate noise control measures in place and compliance of workers with the
provided recommendations, impacts on occupational health and safety would be reduced to a
minor effect.
Impact mitigation measures on Health and Safety of workers

To ensure the health and safety of Hotel workers, the proponent has to equip his workers with
the necessary protective first aid medication facilities. Safety precaution should also be taken
in to consideration. Fencing of hazardous zones in the compound, maintenance on noisy
machines, are some of the major precautions needs to be undertaken to avoid/minimize
human health hazards. Therefore, the following actions need to be taken to mitigate the
impact:

 Supply workers with protective equipment;
 Provision air-conditioned environmental operated devices;
 Install sackers and hoods for fumes protection;
 To control impacts from machine shop section, installation of automatic devices to be
able to detect defection which helps in removing hand from scarf ling;
 To mitigate significant environmental issues of building:
o recycling of water used in rinsing and
o collecting of water used for rinsing in a proper a tank;
o evaporates as to have the solid part of the solution and
o Dispose the collected solid after evaporation at proper disposal site.
 Using Different light lifting machines for work simplicity,
 Accidents control, investigations, analysis and reporting in the company
manufacturing activities, and
 Regular workers health check-up or examination in every production years.
 Maintaining safe workplaces, plant and work systems;
 Providing information, instruction and training enabling employees to work without
hazards;
 Consulting with employee-elected health and safety representatives and/ or other
employees about occupational health, safety and welfare;
 Providing adequate protective clothing and equipment; and
 Ensuring all work procedures are undertaken without exposing workers to hazards
 A special training courses, related with the existence of potentials for safety and
health hazards beyond the workplace, as well as with the development and application
of an appropriate measures for prevention of the personnel, will be conducted to all
employees, involved with mixed use building developing, technologic) activities, a
pre-fabrication of the building works and material handling activities.
 A special kind of Handbook for Safety and Health Prevention Instructions should be
created. This Handbook will contain all appropriate measures for safety and health
prevention for all personnel at the new facility.
 All plant’s personnel (with no exception) should be familiarized with the appropriate
measures, developed in the Handbook.

 The process and equipment have been chosen to minimize the environmental impact
of the plant. The manufacturing process chosen should be characterized by the lowest
levels of energy usage and flue gas emission. Pollution control systems have been
integrated into the mixed use building right from conception stage.
Socio -Economic Development Induced Mitigation Measures

In addition, those recommendations that prevents the root cause of the impact (i.e. preventing
and controlling work area health hazardous); facilitating insurance policy and procedures for
work area caused body damages particularly for permanent workers is the proposed
mitigation measures.
8. Environmental and Management Plan
8.1. General
The company is dedicated to environmental protection and will provide employees with
materials, resources and systems to properly implement this management plan. Wayessa
Debela 4 Star Luxury Hotel Building will incorporate environmental management system in
its daily operations and, its EMP is implemented, maintained and updated in a manner that is
consistent with a nationally recognized standard. The Environmental management issues
outlined in this EMP will be used to manage all environmental aspects of the operations
activities over which company has control or which its activities can reasonably influence.
Environmental Management systems (EMS) may be used by the company to manage all
environmental aspects throughout the operations in a manner that is fully integrated with all
other management considerations. The EMS provides a structured approach to fulfilling the
Hotel’s environmental policy through a system of ongoing planning, implementation,
checking, corrective action, and management review. This feedback process promotes
continual improvement to achieve objectives and targets and fulfil the environmental policy
over the life of the building.
The development, implementation and ongoing maintenance of a comprehensive EMS, with

regular reviews and audits and continual improvement, is believed to suite the hotel use
building and will be implemented to the overall operations, and where the physical changes
that are inherent in building implementation result, update reclamation plans and other
management practices.

If the company opted to have EMS, the following elements will be including in EMS Plan and
Practices:
 Reviewing the company's environmental goals;
 Analysing its environmental impacts and legal requirements;
 Setting environmental objectives and targets to reduce environmental impacts and
comply with legal requirements;
 Establishing programs to meet these objectives and targets;
 Monitoring and measuring progress in achieving the objectives;
 Ensuring employees' environmental awareness and competence;
 Reviewing progress of the EMS and making improvements.
The company also requires the people to be competent, experienced and qualified to carry out
their duties through professional development and training. As initial management approach
personnel with environmental protection responsibilities are outlined in this EMP.
In the absence of EMS, the company intends to mitigate and control, to the extent possible,
the environmental impacts associated with its activities using monitoring operational control.

Table 8. 1- Environmental Management Plan and Budget
Anticipated Environmental management and mitigation measure Responsibility for Means for Frequency of Estimated cost
Impact mitigation agency Monitoring monitoring (Birr)
Pre-construction Phase
Road and site Cleaning 
Select time to clean the area, it is preferable if conduct in Contractor Raised Every activities 50,000
morning or at night workers compliance and
 Use water to settle the dusts regulations
 Prepare alternative road for workers
Noise pollution  Periodical maintenance of the vehicles, excavators, loaders ‘ ‘ ‘ 2000
 Awareness creation for operator
Traffic Conjunction  Transporting the materials in morning or at night, ‘ ‘ ‘ Project cost
Camp construction  Take care for flora and fauna, ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘
 Use water for dust settling, use PPE, train the workers, etc
Construction and Operational Phases
Destroying of flora and  Identifying the types of flora and fauna around the project, Contractor, Owner, Environment Annually 20,000
fauna  Take care for the identified bio-diversity on the site, Workers al Auditing
 Awareness creation for the workers on flora and fauna under
 Planning the indigenous trees, The activities will be prevailing
 Developing the rehabilitation plan for the affected fauna and done during both Regulations
flora. construction and
operational phases
Solid waste  Use of an integrated solid waste management system i.e. “ Periodic Periodic and 15,000
Generation through several options including of source, reduction activities surprise
recycling, composting and reuse Ensure that wastes generated checks
at the facility are efficiently managed through recycling,
reuse and proper disposal procedures.
 Segregating left foods, metals, broken bottles, papers, etc will
be disposing at temporarily pits
 A private solid waste handler to be contracted to handle solid
waste.
Waste water discharges  Proponent to construct onsite sewage treatment facility that “ Periodic - 10,000.
treats wastewater to meet the set guidelines, activities and
 Cesspool treatment method will be applied, audits
 Transporting the liquid wastes to the city liquid land fill area
Air pollution because of  Vehicles and tankers will be under strict instructions to “ Periodic Periodic and 50,000
dusts, fumigation, etc minimize unnecessary trips, refill petrol fuel tanks in the Ministry of Labor activities surprise
afternoon and minimize idling of engines. checks

 All workers on the site will be required to wear protective
clothing while on duty.
 Suitable wet suppression techniques need to be
utilized in all exposed areas
 Use of low sulphur fuel to run the engines to be courage,
 Use ACHV (Air conditioning via heating and ventilation)-
apply local exhausted ventilation for the hotel and fans.
Traffic conjunction and  Use at morning and evening to reduce traffic accident,  owner Periodic Periodic and Project costs
Transporting materials  Use low emission types of vehicles  Operations and surprise
 Limit delivery to off-peak hours to reduce disruption of traffic checks
transport links, delays and congestion
 Provide warning lights and other signs to reduce risk of
accidents along delivery roads and at the site
 Keep the earth access road dump to reduce dust
 Adequate maintenance of trucks to reduce emissions.
 Operations and Traffic to arrange
appropriate signage, notification, and identification of
alternative routes
Soil erosion  Soil prevention and conservation will be done during  Owner Periodic Periodic and Project costs
construction and operational phases.  Contractor inspection surprise
 Tracing and diverting the direction of floods will be done,  workers checks
 Rehabilitation and redesign to avoid the downstream floods
that will affect the down dwellers.
Workers  All workers will be sensitized and trained on occupational  owner Activities Routine 0
accidents safety and health issues and on how to control accidents  Divisional Public Accident Periodic
related to construction. Health audits checks
 A comprehensive contingency plan will be prepared before  Ministry of Labour
begins, on accident response.  Workers
 Accordingly, adherence to safety procedures will be enforced.
Noise and Installation of silencers and guarded on the generators  owner Complaints Consultations 5,000
vibration  Provision of protective equipment for workers in noisy  Divisional Public From Neighbor
pollution environments. Health Officer
 Do annual noise measurements.  Ministry of Labor
 Do employee medical examination  Workers
 Comply with Noise prevention and control rules, and Noise
and vibration pollution regulation,

Biophysical  These impacts have been identified and mitigated through  owner Regular Routine 1000
Impacts design; and inspection Periodic
 supervision will provide for regular monitoring and Checks
evaluation of the Unit operation and new impacts identified
Socio cultural Impacts  There will be interaction of the guests and people from  Contractor Safety office Once in week 100,000
different world. Because of these, the guests will  Owner will be assigned
interchange their behavior, culture, and positive and their  Workers Environmentali
negatives characteristic. st will also
 Transmitted diseases like HIV/AIDS, COVID-19 and others there,
diseases will be come-up. Hence, the owner will be train the Psychologist
workers, health education will be planned regularly for will be
guests and workers. deployed
 PPE will be placed at each and every of rooms
 Safety hairs and covers will be provided for all workers
 Uniform will also distributed for all
Total 244,000

8.2. Water quality management plan
Water requirement in the plant is for cooling, Hotel for domestic purposes. The entire
required water will be used from onsite well, water reservoir and tankers.
Assessment report describes the impacts on water quality associated with the activities of
building operations. For the effective implementation of mitigation measures provided, the
table discusses responsibilities and implementation strategy which may improve
implementation processes.
Table 8.2: Specific responsibilities for Water Quality Management

S. Strategic Proposed implementation Suggested In Suggested
No objective charge Priority
01 To avoid  Liaise with EMP to highlight impacts
ground and and mitigation for proper  Building and  On-going
surface water implementation procedures for water Hotel Safety  On-going
contaminations resource protection.  On-going
and possibly  Assist in directing mitigation measures  On-going
treat wastewater as defined in EMP.  High
 Co-ordinate the work for water quality
management as per given in EMP.
 Monitor the impact of treated
wastewater on discharge source and
report any change.
 Keep check on water quality
monitoring on regular basis.
 Arrange general staff meeting on
regular basis.
02 To raise  Arrange trainings twice a year to create
awareness awareness with regards to water  Hotel Manager  High
among staff of contamination and risks.  Building and  High
water quality  Publish leaflets on monthly basis for Hotel Safety  On-going

issues through a distribution to all staff identifying Hotel Training  On-going
process of problems of water quality. Expert
education  Disseminate public information on
water quality as widely as possible in
an accessible format.
03 To work  Identify all existing hazardous/non-
towards the hazardous discharges and examine if  Building and  High
elimination of compliance being fulfilled. Hotel Safety  High
all harmful  Encourage prosecution of responsible
wastes may for non-compliance in appropriate
enter the natural manner.
water resources
04 To work  Encourage staff to dispose of
towards the wastewater appropriately through a  Hotel Manager  High
elimination of proper channel and publicize good  High
all forms of practices.
sewage  Work together to control the water
discharged usage and monitor its disposal.
within premises.
05 To improve  Consider and implement
existing servicing/cleaning of wastewater Building and Hotel  High
knowledge of treatment system on regular basis. Safety  On-going
sources and  Monitoring must be employed at the  High
water control sources of treated wastewater discharge
measures. as well as inlet of wastewater to the
treatment system.

8.3. Air Quality management plan
Hotel will be the major source of air dust emissions. In the main assessment report, its
impacts and mitigations are provided; however, to manage those mitigations in effective
manner, following guiding principles will help.
Table 8.3- Specific responsibilities for Air Quality Management
S. No Strategic objective Proposed implementation Suggested In charge Suggested Priority
To monitor dust  Monthly submission of monitoring  Building and  On-going
01 emissions report to the Manager HSE. Hotel Safety  On-going
concisely.
 Check compliance with laws  Hotel Manager
02  Identify any accidental release of air
To identify emissions within the premises and  Hotel Manager  High
effects of air especially in the work zone.  Building and  High
emissions at  If any release identifies, conduct on- Hotel Safety  High
small scale. spot monitoring.
03 Assure work zone  Routinely arrange maintenance and
air quality is servicing of process machinery.  Hotel Manager  On-going
complying  Discuss any issues concerning to Building and  High
occupational occupational health with general staff Hotel Safety
guidelines. and identify if it is related to
environmental deterioration.
Table 8 .4: strategic objectives of proposed implementation

S. Strategic Proposed implementation Suggested In charge Suggested
No objective Priority
01 To go for solid  Outline waste reduction methods and their  Hotel Manager
waste reduction probability of implementation.  High
 Building and Hotel
where possible.  Locate all hazardous/nonhazardous waste
Safety  On-going
generation sources (process and general).
 Seek methodologies for solid waste
management at source (reuse or recycling).
02 To work towards Monitor and manage waste cleaning within the
effective and premises of foods.  Building and Hotel  High
regular clean-up  Organize solid waste cleaning and management Safety  On-going
of solid waste staff and formulate a schedule.  Hotel Manager
within premises.
 On-going
 Emphasis on day time cleaning as more staff
work during day.
03 To dispose-off  Allocate areas for general solid waste such as
solid waste in plastic, paper, metal cans, etc  Hotel Officer  High
environment  Educate staff in training to dispose of solid
 Hotel Training Expert  On-going
friendly manner waste properly in the allocated areas such as
 On-going
dust bins.
 Dust bins should be provided at a shorter  High
distance.
 While handling and managing kitchen waste,
make sure it is covered.
04 To reduce  Train staff and specially those involve in
occupational risk hazardous material handling, with the safety  Hotel Training Expert  High
due to unsafe issues.  Hotel Manager  High
handling of
 Strict implementation should be employed on
hazardous solid
 On-going
contingency plan.
waste.
 Monitoring on safety must be followed such as
accidents and a bi-annual report should be
distributed to Hotel top management.
8.4. Noise & Vibration management plan

Due to the operation of the Hotel, noise generation is likely as a result of the operations of the
building. Hotel will make all practical efforts to abate noise pollution and it will:
 Restrict, where possible, noise making activities to normal working hours and standard
level,
 When working near residences and places of worship avoid sensitive times for
example during religious services,
8.5. Terrestrial Ecological management plan

A Landscape Rehabilitation Management Plan needs to be developed to specifically detail
how the construction activities and structures within or in proximity to sensitive areas would
be appropriately designed and managed to ensure the integrity, function and condition of
these areas are maintained and/or suitably rehabilitated. The proposed landscape rehabilitation
program needs to be designed to help ameliorate the impact of the building on the
environmental values of the area and to improve the condition of existing areas of depleted
natural habitat. This will be achieved by:
 Protecting and enhancing existing remnant vegetation, particularly Endangered
Ecological Communities;
 Planting well designed blocks and corridors of indigenous species;
 Rehabilitation and vegetation of disturbed areas
 Shaping of historical spoil piles into stable dumps
 Retaining and transferring of surface infrastructure that could beneficially be re-used to
a third party.
 Rehabilitate and vegetate disturbed areas from which surface infrastructure have been
removed.
 Stabilize disturbed areas against surface erosion and sediment mobilization
 Re-establish local grassland/woodland communities reflecting the surrounding
“undisturbed” areas.
The terrain of the land in the Hotel site has no indigenous vegetation cover. However, the
Building will use the following best management Practice to make mixed use building
environ green and pleasant:
 plant different species of exotic and native trees in building compound,

 Adhere to the requirements and precautions of Ethiopian biodiversity plan and
regulations,
 Preserve existing trees within the building compound and other vegetation within
the network and use every precaution necessary to prevent unnecessary damage or
injury.
 Ensure that all site personnel observe the limits of clearing and are made aware of
the importance of any trees of significant value.
8.6. Solid Waste and Litter management plan

In the table given below, some of the guiding principles are provided for the effective
management of hazardous and non-hazardous solid waste, likely to be generated from the
packing materials.
Table 8.5. Summary of Waste Management Requirements for Hotel
Environmental pollution - Solid waste shall be stored in an approved area in covered, tip-
and potential health risks proof metal drums, preferably skip containers, for collection and
from solid waste disposal.
- The waste collection point shall be fenced off with diamond mesh
wire with a minimum height of 1.8 meters. The fence needs to
keep out people and animals, above and below ground level.
- A refuse control system shall be established for the collection and
removal of refuse to the satisfaction of the environmental
inspectors and regulatory bodies,
- Disposal of solid waste shall be at an appropriately licensed
landfill site.
- No waste shall be burned at the site offices or anywhere else on
the site, nor at the approved solid waste disposal site
- All building rubble shall be a) removed from the site and disposed
of at an appropriate dumping site, or b) temporarily stored in a
clearly demarcated area on site for future use.
Litter - No littering by workers shall be allowed. During the operations
period, the facilities shall be maintained in a neat and tidy

condition and the site shall be kept free of litter.
- The mixed use building environmental Expert shall provide
enough rubbish bins / skips for later safe disposal at approved
sites.
- Littering, discarding or burying of any materials shall not be
allowed on site.
Hazardous waste - Hazardous waste such as tar and oil shall be disposed of at an
appropriately licensed hazardous waste site, or through a
registered hazardous waste management company. Special care
shall be taken to avoid spillage of hazardous products.
- Used oil, lubricants and cleaning materials from the maintenance
of vehicles and machinery shall be collected in a holding tank and
returned to the supplier. Water and oil shall be separated in an oil
trap. Oils collected in this manner shall be retained in a safe
holding tank and removed from site by a specialist oil recycling
company for disposal at an approved hazardous waste disposal
site.
- Hazardous waste shall be removed from the site and adequately
disposed of.
Recycling - Wherever possible, materials used or generated by construction
shall be recycled or reused.
- Where possible and practical, such as at stores and offices, waste
shall be sorted for recycling purposes, into the following
categories: paper, aluminium, metals (other than aluminium),
organic waste and glass.
- Separate containers for glass, paper, metals and plastics shall be
provided. Office areas are particularly suited to this form of
recycling process.

8.7. Occupational Health and Safety Management Plan
Wayessa Debela 4 Star Luxury Hotel Building provides safety wears, safety equipment and
health services with full health care and occupational safety for handling raw materials,
supplies and products depending on the characteristics of the manufacturing processes. To
attain work place safety, for example, some machines shall have protections, warning stickers,
automatic stopping or safety switch. In addition, installation of accident prevention materials
such as ventilation at proper sites; in manufacturing floors, chemical stores, general stores and
in other essential rooms and fire extinguishers will be sited at proper places in the company
compound. Depending on the working places and the type of machineries; workers shall be
provided with safety wears such as goggles, hand gloves, work cloths, nose mask, shoes,
working manuals, etc. for example;
 goggle, hand gloves, leathered front protecting wears, nose mask, shoes shall be
provided for workers working on detergent;
 Different light lifting machines for work simplicity,
 Workers training on how to use safety materials and keep safe working place and use
of safety instructions in the manufacturing processes;
 Accidents control, investigations, analysis and reporting in the company
manufacturing activities, and
 Regular workers health check-up or examination in every production year.
 Maintaining safe workplaces, plant and work systems;
 Providing information, instruction and training enabling employees to work without
hazards;
 Consulting with employee-elected health and safety representatives and/ or other
employees about occupational health, safety and welfare;
 Providing adequate protective clothing and equipment; and
 Ensuring all work procedures are undertaken without exposing workers to hazards.
8.8. Labour and Working Conditions management

The hotel intends to follow internationally-recognized best practices (consistent with ILO
Performance Standards on Labour and Working Conditions for labour and working conditions
at the mixed-use building. It should provide a grievance mechanism for workers (and their
organizations, where they exist) to raise workplace concerns. It should inform the workers of

the grievance mechanism upon being hired, and should ensure that it is easily accessible to all.
The mechanism should involve an appropriate level of management and address concerns
promptly, using an understandable and transparent process that provides feedback to those
concerned, without any retribution. The mechanism should not impede access to other judicial
or administrative remedies that might be available under law or through existing arbitration
procedures, or substitute for grievance mechanisms provided through collective agreements.
8.9. Environmental Training Plan
Environmental training and awareness for all staffs of the company is important, since
virtually all aspects of the building operations can have environmental implications. To help
ensure continual improvement in environmental performance, it also recommended that all
staffs play a role, not just those staff specifically responsible for environmental aspects of an
operation.
Site-specific procedures will be developed and implemented to identify environmental

training needs and ensure that all personnel receive environmental training. As such, the
procedures will encompass:
a) general awareness training for employees and service providers, including contractors,
where the training includes but is not limited to:
 the organization's environmental program, including the environmental policy and
relevant environmental practices;
 regulatory obligations; and
 environmental emergencies procedures, including spill prevention, reporting,
response and evacuation procedures;
b) an environmental training program that includes:
 a list of all personnel that require environmental training and a categorization of
groups of personnel with regards to the nature of the specific environmental training
required; and
 an outline of the environmental training required for each group of personnel, the
training methods to be used, and the required frequency of refresher training; and

c) The identification of requisite competencies of environmental Experts and internal
environmental auditors.
This EMP recognizes potential benefits associated with environmental training and awareness
programs, including:
 ownership of and commitment to environmental management at all levels of the

workforce;
 a sustained, measurable improvement in environmental performance in both the
individual and business unit level;
 an improved capacity to manage future environmental issues and to minimize
environmental risk;
 improved understanding on the part of management and employees of how specific
activities affect the environment;
 the development of management and employee skills resulting in cost-effective
environmental solutions;
 management attention that is focused on the areas of greatest environmental impact
and risk, and action on those areas;
 a responsible image presented to employees and the community; and
 Reduced potential of an environmental incident.
8.9.1. Environmental Induction Meeting
To ensure that its employees carry out their duties in as environmentally responsible manner
as possible, proponent provides all employees with environmental awareness training on
environmental issues and provides task-specific training to those employees whose jobs are
associated with significant environmental aspects.
All new employees receive a 30-minute introduction to the Hotel environmental policy,
significant environmental aspects, and environmental objectives. This introduction will be an
opportunity for the new employees to ask questions about their environmental responsibilities.
The training is given in conjunction with the human resources (HR) manager as part of his
general orientation for new employees.

All Company personnel will attend company’s Environmental Induction Meeting prior to the
commencement of their duties. The Environmental Expert and plant Manager will arrange and
conduct this meeting.
The Hotel may combine this training with Safety Induction and other competency training.
Topics covered at this meeting will be at least the following:
 Scope of the EMP, Organisation and Responsibilities,
 Site specific issues such as boundaries for vegetation clearing, importance of any trees
of significant value, water quality issues, hazardous material handling and
transportation, location of refuse bins, washing, refuelling and maintenance of
vehicles, Hotel and equipment,
 Occupational Health and Safety
 Environmental Impacts, Safeguards and Control Measures,
 Sensitive areas, exclusion zones and other precautions to be taken,
 Waste Management and Reduction,
 Conditions of any Environmental licences, permits and approvals;
 Reporting process for Environmental harm/incidents,
 Lessons learnt from incidents,
 Emergency response training including use of protective equipment.
Any relevant Environmental issues which become apparent during the implementation of the
Hotel will be added to this topics list.
Record of induction will be maintained and employees are:
 be obliged to sign the attendance record as proof that they have attended a work site
induction briefing and
 Be issued with a work site Environmental induction card. The card will be dated and
carry employees’ name. It must be shows upon request while the person is on the work
site.
The Hotel may combine the Occupational Health & Safety and Environmental Records of
Induction into one and similarly combine OH&S and Environmental cards.

All company personnel’s who commence services during any Hotel cycle will undergo the
same induction training. This will be provided by the Environmental Expert or his/her
representative.
8.10. Communities’ Engagement Plan (CEP)

Good relations with the community should be promoted by implementing an action plan that
aims to provide timely response to any enquiries, concerns or complaints about construction
or operation activities. Hotel should have a role in the consultation and disclosure process
during operation particularly regarding disclosure of information related to effluents, public
health and safety; and reporting results of environmental monitoring. The building should
continue to remain in contact with Unit stakeholders during construction and the period of
operation, for as long as it is an effective two-way channel for communication. In time, as a
long-term presence in the region, the building will develop additional formal contacts. With
time, building may develop other local relationships and channels of communication that
could benefit the local area. Ongoing stakeholder consultation will allow receiving and
responding to community concerns on an ongoing basis. The goal of the CEP is to further
building’s “good neighbour” strategy of being good corporate citizens, protecting the
environment, and enhancing the quality of life in their host).
The Community Engagement Plan (CEP) should be designed on the following principles:
 A Community Liaison Officer needs to be appointed.
 The Community Liaison Officer will initiate the CEP through consultation with key
stakeholders identified during community consultation;
 A formal CEP is produced and documented in consultation with all key stakeholders
and the support of a specialized socio-economic consultant;
 The development of a communication strategy for the CEP with the support of a
public relations firm or the support of a specialized socio-economic consultant;
 All stakeholders sign the CEP and receive a copy, thus ensuring full ownership;
 The CEP is monitored and evaluated by independent consultants alongside specified
milestones;

Professional monitoring and evaluation will contribute to maintaining the CEP as a dynamic
and community-based engagement plan, and will ensure it is reviewed and amended as the
building evolves through its cycle.
Through the Community Liaison Officer, the proponent will implement a community
grievance mechanism allowing community members to raise their concerns about any
environmental or social concerns that they may have with regard to the plant. It is likely that
building’s administration Human Resources Department will take responsibility for the
implementation of the ongoing CEP.
8.11. Environmental Incident and Emergency Management Plan

8.11.1. General Emergency Response Procedures
Accidents and Injuries: These procedures as identified are to be followed in any emergency
not specially addressed in other portions of this plan. The first employee detecting the
emergency: Notifies the Security In charge& emergency response team by telephone,
shouting, or other agreed alarm. If the Security In charges emergency response team in
charges not available, notify any other employee to intimate others.
Staff, workers, visitors, and customer should evacuate the area if there is an imminent risk to
their safety.
Once the security in charge emergency response team arrives, they will then be in control of
the area.
Personnel Roles and Lines of Authority: The Security In charge emergency response team
has primary responsibility for responding to and correcting emergency situations. This
includes taking appropriate measures to ensure the safety of site personnel and the others.
Possible actions may involve evacuation of personnel from the emergency site and evacuation
of adjacent area (if any). They are additionally responsible for ensuring that corrective
measures have been implemented, authorities notified, and follow-up reports have been
completed.
The emergency Expert is: member of emergency response team & Security In charge
Alarm System/Procedures: Alarms should be communicated by shouting or telephone or
megaphone. The alarm should be activated by the member of emergency response team, his
designee, or personnel in an emergency situation. Once the alarm sounds, the Emergency
Action Plan needs to be implemented.

Evacuation Routes/Procedures: In the event of emergency, which necessitates an evacuation
of the site, the previous alarm procedures should be implemented to notify all employees.
Personnel should shut down or turn off equipment and move quickly to proceed to the
gathering area associated with the designated route. Personnel need to remain at the gathering
area until the all clear is signalled or an authorized individual provides further instructions.
The member of emergency response team or his designee shall perform a head count and roll
call to determine if all persons have evacuated the facility. The roll call and head count should
be checked against sign in log to ensure that everyone is safe.
Emergency Medical Treatment Procedures: If the injury or illness is minor, first aid should
be administered prior to transport. If the patient’s condition is serious, first aid should be
administered while awaiting an ambulance or paramedics. All injuries and illnesses must
immediately be reported to Plant Manager.
Any person being transported to clinic or hospital for treatment should take with them
information on the chemical(s) they have been exposed to at the site (if applicable).
Fire or Explosion (Unconfined): In the event of an unconfined fire or explosion, the local fire
department should be summoned immediately. Upon their arrival, the Emergency Expert or
designated alternate should advise the fire commander of the location, nature, and
identification of any hazardous materials onsite.
If the Plant Engineer determines that it is safe to do so, site personnel may:
 Use fire fighting equipment available onsite to control or extinguish the fire and
 Remove or isolate flammable or other materials which may contribute to the fire.
Fires (Contained): The following procedures will be implemented in the event of a fire that
will not be responded to by an outside emergency response team.
 Active the alarm system/Bell/Signal/Response/Alert.
 Notify the Plant Manager/other responsible person.
 Secure the area to ensure all non-essential personnel are not exposed to heat, flames,
or vapours.
 Determine the extent and source of the fire. If the source of the fire can be slowed or
stopped by mechanical sources (for example, closing a valve) do so.
 Mechanical In charge determines the best method for fighting the fire.
 Put the fire out using the approved method and appropriate equipment.

 Once the fire is out, keep the area secured and have an employee watch the area if it is
possible, the fire may reignite.
 Return the fire fighting equipment to its proper storage area.
 Take steps to protect the building and equipment from further damage.
Spills or Leaks: In the event of a spill or a leakage of oils and lubricants:
 Inform the emergency response team immediately
 Locate the source of the spillage and stop the flow if it can be done safely
 Assess spills and begin containment and recovery of the spilled materials.
Materials needed for Spill Clean-Up:

 Proper PPE
 Granular absorbent/sand
 Fire Blankets.
8.11.2. Emergency Preparedness and Response Management Plan

It is the environmental compliance policy of hotel to comply with all applicable laws,
regulations, permits and orders. Applicability extends to all employees and visitors. This
plan will provide specific emergency procedures as well as address emergency protocols.
The following steps will be executed as applicable for all the above-mentioned emergencies.
 Initiating Emergency Alarm/Bell/Signal/Response/Alert
 Intimation of Emergency Response Team
 Communication top Government agencies i.e. Fire Department… etc.
 Removing trapped people
 Providing first aid
 Safe guarding equipment and machinery …etc.
 Communication to head office
Environmental Emergency Response Plan: The Company has prepared an Environmental
Emergency Plan. It deals with key response personnel, emergency contracts, containment
measures, cleaning, collecting and disposal, availability of the emergency procedure and
communications strategy.

Response Time: The building provides properly equipped and manned responses to
Environmental Emergencies and to requests for assistance from emergency services within
the response times set out in the emergency response procedure.
8.11.3. Emergency Preparedness and Response Plans
The proponent through an all-inclusive process should develop an EPRP as part of the
HSEMP and through which the project will stay ahead of risks presented by both man-made
and natural hazards that have the capacity to turn into disasters. The proponent and his
contractors should do this by first identifying all hazards pertinent to the project and its site in
line with the risks register but with specific difference being that these hazards will have
greater potential of turning into a disaster. This should also be done in line with national
policies on disaster management such as the National Disaster Management Response Plan of
2009, and involve all key players in disaster management nationally. This stakeholder
involvement will enable the EPRP to be cross sectoral and multidisciplinary and the
proponent should lead the process.
The method of identifying these hazards should be documented and maintained as well as an
analysis and categorization of the risk of the hazards. This will ensure prioritization on
remedial and mitigation actions so that attention is paid where it’s actually due, and enable
preparedness and response measures to be developed in accordance to the level of risk.
Similarly, to all other HSE actions a hierarchy of early avoidance should be adopted and two
sets of actions developed, established and maintained which are the preparedness measures
and response measures. The former will focus on pre-hazard or pre-disaster actions aimed at
both reducing risk and arming the stakeholders involved with the right tools and knowledge to
respond. Thus, the preparedness measures will include:
The response measures will include a detailed set of actions geared at either containing the
hazards where possible or getting people to safety where or when necessary. They will
include setting internal and external communication protocols that will be easily accessed on
hazard occurrence and setting easily understandable procedures that the responders can
undertake. The response plans should include the novel signs and facilities such as building
plans and floor maps (showing where the person is and the closest escape routes, fire safety
equipment, and assembly points), alarms and sirens, shut down procedures (where

applicable), access points around the site for fire responders-brigades, ambulance, search and
rescue team, first aid amongst others procedures. These should all be developed into
established and maintained procedures and the people responsible for implementing them
should be known and their contacts made available.
Similarly, to the whole management of HSEMP, the EPRP should also have monitoring,
evaluation and reporting procedures documented and frequently updated to keep the EPRP
relevant. This will also converse reporting to state agencies and authorities and members of
the public. This EPRP can be envisioned as two cycles with an inner cycle being the
preparedness measures and an outer cycle being the response measures as illustrated in Figure
below.
It should also be noted that a hazard becomes a disaster when either vulnerable people or
their vulnerable assets are exposed to it in magnitudes that compensate their coping

capacities. Therefore if: an anthropogenic hazard is managed; or the vulnerable entity is
not exposed to the hazard, or the vulnerability to a natural hazard is significantly, then it
can only be an emergency at most.
Fire: the building should prepare the place where fire extinguisher sits according to the
hazards located on the floor. For each and every of the floor fire extinguisher is important
with trained fire fighters.
9. Monitoring Plan
Environmental monitoring will be used as a systematic measurement of key environmental
indicators over time within particular building locations that are identified with environmental
sensitivity. Monitoring will focus on the most significant impacts identified. The combination
of three monitoring methods needs to be used for the proposed project to provide the
information required to ensure that its implementation has the least possible negative
environmental impacts on the people and environment.
Impact Monitoring Plan: The biophysical and socio-economical (including public health)
parameters within the commercial area, must be measured during the building operational
phases in order to detect environmental changes, which may have occurred as a result of plant
implementation e.g. air emission, dust, noise, water pollution.
Compliance Monitoring Plan: Internal audit and recording of specific environmental quality
indicators or pollution levels will be used to ensure building compliance with recommended
environmental protection standards. Monitoring will be regular and performed over a long
period of duration and a combination of these three methods should be used to draw accurate
conclusion concerning plant impact.
Monitoring of all activities will be required to analyse the impacts of construction and
operation on the environment. Therefore, self-monitoring and reporting tools will be adopted
to carry out monitoring as per EPA rules and regulations.
HSE officer needs to coordinate with the manager, who will be the in charge of monitoring
procedures. Monitoring techniques will be identified and the frequency of selected parameters
for monitoring will be followed as per the monitoring plan given in Table below.

The HSE needs to keep a record of all non-conformities observed and report these along with
actions. Manager HSE will also report any impacts anticipated along with his
recommendations for further action. The contractor shall take account of any
recommendations relating to the construction/ maintenance activities arising during the
monitoring.
Table 9.1 Environmental Monitoring Plan
Stage Monitoring Location of monitoring Parameters and Monitoring Reason to
areas techniques to Frequency monitor
monitor parameter
 Inlet of wastewater Wastewater analysis Four times in a year Surface and
Wastewater to treatment system for the following (quarterly) and once ground water
 Outlet of parameters: each month if required protection
wastewater to treatment  pH
Operations
system  total
suspended solids
 Chemical
Oxygen Demand
 Biochemical
Oxygen Demand
 Oil & grease
Collection, handling and Issuance of report Twice a year
Solid waste disposal areas twice a year, must Legal obligatio
Operations
 15 meters distance from include, solid waste and water

community type, quality and Twice a year and once contamination
Solid waste  Stack of Reheating management each month for six
(Process) Furnace methodology months if the process
change due to any
reason
Parameters to monitor  Monthly during
Air quality Any accidental release includes: operations Legal obligatio
Operations
areas  Particulate occupational an

Matters local safety
 SO2
 NOx
 CO
 Twice a year (report

Operati
Land Traffic Transportation routes Visual analysis and issuance) To avoid traffic
ons
issuance of status  Daily (Visual congestion and

report of transport analysis) accidental risk

 Twice every year
Operations
Noise  In-house operations Noise intensity  Once at time of Occupational

 Trucks’ loading and measurement noise source change Safety and lega
unloading area  On inspector’s obligations
request
Operations
Occupational  Installation of  Visual  Daily records Occupational

Safety Machinery observations and  Twice a year Safety and lega
 In-house mill daily (report issuance) obligations
operation areas hazard/accident
 Trucks’ loading records
and unloading area  Issuance of
HSE report twice a
year
Total

9.1. Environmental Audits
The environmental audit is a management tool consisting of a systematic, documented,
periodic and objective evaluation of environmental performance, management systems and
equipment with the aim of firstly, facilitating management control of environmental practices
and secondly, assessing compliance with an operation’s or activity's environmental policies,
including meeting regulatory requirements. Examples include:
 internal auditing of systems and procedures for measuring, recording and reporting
performance data;
 independent validation of systems and procedures for measuring, recording, and
reporting Performance data;
 Independent evaluations and commentaries by external experts regarding an
organization’s economic, environmental, and social performance and/or management
processes.
It is important to establish the purpose of the audit; this will help in deciding when to audit
and what approach to use. An environmental audit can provide valuable information to help a
company to meet the agreed standards of environmental performance (which should be
defined in company policy) and stay ahead of the requirements placed on them by law.
The possible functions and benefits of an environmental audit are:
Management
 Demonstrate a visible commitment to improving an organization’s environmental
performance.
 Use as a basis for the development of environmental management policies or efforts
to improve existing plans.
 Identify environmental risks, impacts and review of management controls and
systems and associated liabilities, liabilities and risks from past and present activities
of the site or surroundings and implementation of recommendations.
 Review process and plant operating procedures or activity's current environmental
standards of operation and company environmental management procedures, including

emergency response planning, monitoring and reporting systems and planning for
future changes in Processes or Regulations.
 Increasing actions undertaken or needing to be undertaken by an organization or
activity to meet environmental goals such as sustainable development, Responsible
Care, recycling and efficient use of resources.
Financial
 Prevention of financial losses: through remediation or the closure of an organization
or activity; government restrictions or negative publicity caused by bad management
or monitoring of the environment.
 Fair assessment of financial implications of environmental issues, liabilities and
impact of new regulations.
 Highlight where costs can be saved (e.g. through energy conservation or
minimization, improved use of raw materials, process changes, waste reduction, reuse
and recycling etc),
Training
 To facilitate the sharing of best environmental practices and increase in the awareness
of the management and staff of an organization regarding environmental policies and
responsibilities.
 Assessment of training, knowledge and awareness of employees.
Reporting
 Provision of an environmental audit report for use by an organization, or activity in
dealings with environmental groups, government and the mass media.
 Provision of information required by insurance companies, financial institutions,
shareholders and other stakeholders.
It is also important to recognize the limitations of the audit process when deciding to conduct
an environmental audit. The following points may be helpful to remember in this respect:
 An audit should not be used as a chance to tell the audited unit how to do their job;
 It is not a technical investigation in itself (although can be used in support).
 It should not be used to provide a public statement of performance (although it may
be used to back up and support any such statements made).

Therefore, the company’s environmental audits need to follow the Company’s Quality
Management Plan based on checklist.
Using the Environmental Inspection Checklist, the Environmental Expert will carry out
monthly checks to ensure the Service delivery is complying with the EMP. In January and
June of each year, the Environmental Expert will use the checklists to prepare a Summary of
Environmental Performance for the designated upper-level management who will present it to
the company representative.
9.2. Records Management, Environmental Reporting and Corrective Actions

9.2.1. Records Management
The Company will hold the following records for at least 5 years and they will be accessible
to the company director and to authorised Ethiopian ministries and EPA authorities:
 Details of qualifications held by individuals primarily responsible for environmental
monitoring,
 Monitoring/inspection reports,
 Internal audit reports,
 External audit reports,
 Reports of pollution incidents, other environmental non-conformances, complaints and
follow-up action,
 Minutes of EMP management review meetings,
 Evidence of action taken as a result of such meetings/events,
 Induction and training records,
 Records of monitoring against compliance limits.
9.2.2. Environmental Reporting and Corrective Actions

Reporting is a management tool which assists the monitoring and assessment of the
performance of a process or system. The quality, usefulness, and credibility of reporting can
be enhanced by verification and validation. Independent verification, for example it provides
an additional level of assurance in regard to the reliability and completeness of an external
Environmental Report and enhances the quality, usefulness, and credibility of information
used within the company and the underlying management systems and processes.

The Environmental Expert will submit the report to the company representative within the
times shown in the Contract Management Plan:
 A report on each occasion when the site is visited by Ethiopian EPA purpose and
outcome of the visit and of all actions being taken by The Company in response to
comments by visiting authorities.
 A report of any incident resulting in failure to meet environmental obligations, the
immediate action taken to alleviate the problem and the proposed measures to prevent
the occurrence of a similar incident
 A summary report of environmental performance evaluations at intervals of six
months.
Similarly, the proponent uses a formal corrective action process to ensure that actual or
potential compliance issues and EMS non-conformities are addressed quickly and effectively.
The management representative assigns responsibility for taking action to correct each actual
or potential compliance issue or non-conformity identified in a compliance assessment or an
internal assessment to an appropriate manager or employee. Together they fill out the
“Statement of the Problem” using corrective action form.
The person responsible then undertakes the corrective action required, calling upon the
management representative, the IEMS committee, and others for assistance as necessary.
The responsible person and the management representative fill out the “Completion of
Corrective Action” part of the Corrective Action Notice when corrective action is complete.
Whenever significant problems in the functioning of the EMS are identified, monitoring will
be done primarily through the internal assessment process.
The management representative (Environmental Expert) called out to the incident/accident
will ensure that the incident is documented and the Company responds as set down there.
9.2.3. Management of Information
Although Hotel is keen in environmental management practices and have certain plans to
adopt preventive measures with the environmental point of view, it can be said that any
weakness in organizational structure, management, communication, leak in information and
coordination may lead to environment risk.

Table 9.2 Specific responsibilities for management & Coordination
S. Strategic Proposed implementation Suggested In charge Suggested
No objective Priority
01 To ensure high  Make review document available to interested parties.
level of necessary  Disseminate relevant information held by HSE department  Building manager  High
information among the staff.  HSE officer  High
exchange.  Produce newsletter for publication twice yearly for general  High
awareness in all staff.  High
 Meetings using input from previous reports, advices
receive from SEPA, etc.
02 To ensure  Adopt management structure as proposed.
management plan  Appoint full-time officer(s) with responsibility for long  Building manager  High
is implemented, term management and accurate monitoring.  HSE officer  High
monitored and  Investigate annual progress report and review with respect  On-going
reviewed. to the monitoring progress.  High
 Conduct self-monitoring regularly and submit report to
EPA.
03 To improve  Develop an appropriate form of management process more
decision making specifically to the environmental issues  Hotel Safety Office  High
process for  Develop a fully comprehensive database of impact and  Hotel Manager in  High
management. mitigation understandable for the management. cooperation with the Officer
71
04 To ensure co-  Obtain support for a Memorandum-of-Understanding
ordination between between management of company and environmental co-  Hotel Manager  High
contractor and orinator for the implementation of:-  Hotel Safety Office  On-going
company.  Local Environment Agency Requirements
 Environmental Management plan
 Continue regular liaison between management of the Hotel
manager and environmental Expert.
05 To develop Develop strong coordination between HSE department and to  Building manager  High
strategic policies management.  HSE officer
for better
environmental
management
72
9.3. Revision of environmental management plan
The Hotel representative and Environmental Expert will review this EMP to ensure it is
appropriate and is being implemented effectively. Changes may arise from a change of scope,
The Company internal audits, and comments or from opportunities for improvement. The
Plan will then be updated to reflect any changes which have occurred.
The revised document and the input which led to the revisions will be reviewed by the
representative, approved by him/her and then forwarded to the company headquarter for
record. Controlled copies of this Plan will be updated. The planned target dates (or
frequencies) at which the EMP will be subject to formal review and the personnel who will
participate in the review will be documented maintain as a record.
73
10. Conclusions and recommendations
This Environmental management and monitoring plan have been identified, assessed and
presented mitigations for various impacts. From the foregoing the building is acceptable as the
design concept provides for all the mitigation measures as proposed. It is therefore
recommended that mixed use building be approved and licensed to be operated. The following
further recommendations are made with respect to the development of the facility:
 Implement the internal policy requirements including environmental aspects
training and awareness for staff and other suppliers;
 Comply with all legal and policy requirements of the country
 Put in place a monitoring and evaluation program for the operations stage
covering the following:
o Environmental integrity
o Operation and routine maintenance and efficiency;
o Continuous improvement;
o Complete environmental audit and submitted to EPA after
commissioning to ensure that all the proposed mitigation measures
have been complied with;
o That the operation of all facilities in the proposed plant is carried out in
accordance with approved plans and laws;
o That the proponent establishes and implements a detailed Routine
Maintenance Plan for all the facility including the buildings structure; and
o That any unforeseen impacts shall be immediately notified to the
environmental assessor to ensure that they are immediately addressed and
mitigated.
74
11. References
1. Bhatia (2001). Environmental pollution and control in chemical process industries by

Khanna publishers, Delhi, India.
2. Constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, Proclamation No.
1/1995.Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
3. Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) (1996), Conservation Strategy of Ethiopia,
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
4. Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) (1997), Environmental Policy of Ethiopia:
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
5. Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) (2000), Guideline Document: Environmental
Assessment and Management; EPA, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
6. Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia. (2002), Environmental Pollution Control
Proclamation. Proclamation No. 300/2002, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
7. Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (2002), Environmental Impact Assessment
Proclamation. Proclamation No. 299/2002. Addis Ababa.
8. FDRE EPA, 2003. Guideline for reviewing environmental impact study reports (final
drafts), Addis Ababa.
9. MEDAC/EPA (1997). The conservation strategies of Ethiopia, Vlume1. The resource
base, its utilization and planning for sustainability, Addis Ababa.
10. Otterstrom T. and P.Kosk. (1994). “Ekono Energy Ltd & Soil and Water Ltd. Assessment
of External Costs of Energy Production in Finland”. Report prepared for the 2 plant.
75
76
77

Wayessa Lexuary Hotel Final

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Wayessa Lexuary Hotel Final

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Wayessa Lexuary Hotel Final

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Partial Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Report

Project Location: Shashamane City Administration, Bishaan Guracha Town

Submitted To: Shashamane City Environment Protection Authority

Promoter: Wayessa Debela Erana

Wayessa Debela 4 Star Luxury Hotel: 2023

Wayessa Debela 4 Star Luxury Hotel: 2023

Wayessa Debela 4 Star Luxury Hotel: 2023

Wayessa Debela 4 Star Luxury Hotel: 2023

Table 1: Limit Values for Discharges to Water sources..............................................................15

Figure 1 Location Map of the project 15

Wayessa Debela 4 Star Luxury Hotel: 2023

Wayessa Debela 4 Star Luxury Hotel: 2023

Wayessa Debela 4 Star Luxury Hotel: 2023

Wayessa Debela 4 Star Luxury Hotel: 2023

Wayessa Debela 4 Star Luxury Hotel: 2023

1.1. Objectives and Scope of the ESIA

Wayessa Debela 4 Star Luxury Hotel: 2023 Page 1 of 87

Wayessa Debela 4 Star Luxury Hotel: 2023 Page 2 of 87

Wayessa Debela 4 Star Luxury Hotel: 2023 Page 3 of 87

Wayessa Debela 4 Star Luxury Hotel: 2023 Page 4 of 87

3. ADMINISTRATIVE, LEGAL AND POLICY FRAMEWORK

Wayessa Debela 4 Star Luxury Hotel: 2023 Page 5 of 87

3.1.1. The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopian Constitution

Wayessa Debela 4 Star Luxury Hotel: 2023 Page 6 of 87

Wayessa Debela 4 Star Luxury Hotel: 2023 Page 7 of 87

Wayessa Debela 4 Star Luxury Hotel: 2023 Page 8 of 87

Wayessa Debela 4 Star Luxury Hotel: 2023 Page 9 of 87

 Promotion of disease preventive components.

Government Institution, Non-Government Organizations, religious organizations bilateral and

3.1.10. Proclamation to Provide for Research and Conservation of Cultural Heritage

Wayessa Debela 4 Star Luxury Hotel: 2023 Page 10 of 87

Wayessa Debela 4 Star Luxury Hotel: 2023 Page 11 of 87

Wayessa Debela 4 Star Luxury Hotel: 2023 Page 12 of 87

Wayessa Debela 4 Star Luxury Hotel: 2023 Page 13 of 87

This proclamation encourages and expansion of investment, especially in the manufacturing

 Investment objectives and areas of investment

Wayessa Debela 4 Star Luxury Hotel: 2023 Page 14 of 87

Wayessa Debela 4 Star Luxury Hotel: 2023 Page 15 of 87

Wayessa Debela 4 Star Luxury Hotel: 2023 Page 16 of 87

Wayessa Debela 4 Star Luxury Hotel: 2023 Page 17 of 87

4.1.2. Bio physical base line information

Wayessa Debela 4 Star Luxury Hotel: 2023 Page 18 of 87

Wayessa Debela 4 Star Luxury Hotel: 2023 Page 19 of 87

Wayessa Debela 4 Star Luxury Hotel: 2023 Page 20 of 87

4.1.5. Gender issues

Wayessa Debela 4 Star Luxury Hotel: 2023 Page 21 of 87

5. Description of the project

Wayessa Debela 4 Star Luxury Hotel: 2023 Page 22 of 87

6.2. Positive Impacts

Wayessa Debela 4 Star Luxury Hotel: 2023 Page 23 of 87

Wayessa Debela 4 Star Luxury Hotel: 2023 Page 24 of 87

Increased Economic Activities and Revenue

Creation of Employment Opportunities

Wayessa Debela 4 Star Luxury Hotel: 2023 Page 25 of 87

Increased Access to Goods, Services and Social Amenities

Increased Economic Activities and Government Revenue

Stimulation to Urban Development

Wayessa Debela 4 Star Luxury Hotel: 2023 Page 26 of 87

Wayessa Debela 4 Star Luxury Hotel: 2023 Page 27 of 87