ACIDS AND BASES

↓ . Designate the Brosted Lowry acid and the Brosted Lowry -

-

base on
the left side of each of the following equations and also designate the conju
gate base of each on the right side :

a) NI + 199) + (N 199) HCN (99) + NH3 (99)

ACID BASE conjugate acid conjugate base
COUJUGATE AUD-BASE PAIRS
① Niy+ and NH3
② CN- and HCN

b) (CH3)3N (aq) + H20 (1) : -(CH3) 3NH (99) + OH 199)

BASE ALID conjugate acid conjugate base
conjugate acid-base pairs
D H20 and OH

③ (CHe ( 3N and (CH3)3NH +

c) HBrO 199) + H20 H30+ (aq) + Bro-99)

ACID BASE CONDgate acid CONJUGATE BASE
conjugate acid-base pairs
① .
H20 and 430+
② ABrO and BrO-

2 .
The oxalate ion (HC204) is amphiprotic Write a balanced equation
hydrogen .

showing how it reacts as an acid towards water and another equation showing
-

now it reacts as a base towards water .

As an acid
H20 C2042 H30
-

HC20p +
+

As a base

H2204
+

H20 H2 C204 + OH

stronger Brosted Lowry base F

?
.
3 Which is the
-
-

or L
F stronger acid than AF Since base strength is opposite that
-

HCI is a .

of its conjugate acid F is a stronger base than Cl , ·

4 . If HNO3 is added to water , how does [04t] mange ? How does pH change ?
HNO3 is an acid When added to water it increases [H + ]
.

,
.
As such ,
[OH-] decreases
If (H) increases pH decreases , .

5 .
Complete the table · Indicate whether the solution is acidic or basic .

[H+] [OH-I pH POH ACIDIC OR BASK

3
10/2 11 .88 ACIDIC
I
12
-

7 5 x 10
. M 1 . 33 x M 2 .

-10
2 . 78x105 M 3 6 x10 . M 4 .
56 9 44 .
AUDIC
C 5 .
62 x 10 9M 1 78 x10
.
-
*
M 8 25 .
5 75
.
BASK
-
d
& 5 .
01 X10
M 2 .
00 NO 9 M ↳ .
30
5 70 .

BASK
2 [H] 7 5 x 10 -3 M b [0H- 3 6 x1010M
= =

. .
.
.

[H+] [OH-]
=

1 0x10-14
.

pott =- log (3
.
G x 10
10 M)
201-1 0x10-14 1 14
-

1 .
.
0 x 10 =>
9 .
44
=
-

[H+] 7 5 X10 3
↑H 14 00 44
-

=
9
-
.
. .

[OH =

1 .
33x10-12 M = 4 54 .

4 54
[H+7
.

10
=

PH = -
10g((H)) = 2 .
12 =
2 .
78x10 5M
pott -log([0H-7) 11 88
=

= .

PH <7 . 00 , soln is acidic

PAX 7 . 00
solution is acidic

C PH = 8 . 25 d) P0H = 5 -
70

POH =
14 -8 25 . pH =

14 . 00 -

5 .
70
=> 5 75 . = 8 30 .

5 70
8 25 [0H]
.

[H+ 7
- -

10 10
.

= =

=
5 .
42 x 10 9M = 2 .
00 NO 9 M
[04] =

10
-

5 75
.

[H+ ] =

10
- 8 30.

*M
*
-
1 78 X10
. M =>
5 01x10 .

PH < 7 . 00 ,
soln is basic 4H > 7 00,

,
soin is basic

STRONS AGPS AND STRONS BASES

1 . Calculate the pH of each following strong adid solutions

3
a) 8 5 x 10. M HBr

pH =
-

log (8 .

5x10-3)
pH 87
=

2 .

b 1 .
52g of HNO3 in 575mL of solution
MHNO3 1 529 HNO3 Imol HNO3 0419 M
=0
.
.

555(sol'nY
=

0 .
23 .

0189
pH = -

log (0 .
0419 (
pH =
1 -
38

c) 5 .
00 m) of 0 .

250mHC104 diluted to 50 0mL

.

M VI M2 V2
=

M2 =
10 005L) (0 250M)
. -

(0 050L) .

- 0 .
025 M HC104
PH =
-

log (0 .

025) =
1 40
.

d) a solution formed by mixing 10 0 m)

.
of 0 .
100MABr N/20 0mL of . 0 .
200MHC1
*
[A
total =
molH from HBr + mol H from ACI

total volume ,
L

0102(0 100m0/HBr) 0202/0molAC)

0 . . 0 .

0 .
030 L
[A] total =
0 .
167 M

pH =
log(0 147 M) 0 78
-
=
.
.
.
1 Calculate [OH-7 and pH for Recall the formula for strong bases of

a) 3
MSr(0H2) group 2A
-

1 5 x 10.

[OH-] =
2 [Sr(OH2)) =
2 (1 5 x10-3 m)
. =
3 . 0x183 M M

pott =- log (3 . 0x 10-3)

- 2 . 52

PH
=

14 .
00 -
2 52.

11 .
48

b) 2 .
250 g of LOH in 250 .
0 mL of solution Li is group 1 A metal
a ,

2
2509) /molLiOH) So [OH] [WOH]
=
.

MliOH=
23 .
9489 =>
0 3758M
.

0 250L .

[01-] =
0 .
3758
10-14
pH
- 109) 1 x
C
. 0
=

0-3758
=

13 . 57

WEAK AUDS
1
. Write the chemical eqin and the Ka expression for the lonization of ABrO2 in
aqueous solution .
First show the ryn with It lag) as a product and then wI the
hydronium lon .

Ra [A
+

3 B002]
H 1991
=

HBrO2 (99) - - + Bro2 199) [ABrO2]

ABrO2(aa) +

H20U) - #30+ 199) +Brow (99) Ka- CH30+][BrO2]

[HBrO2]
recall the pure solids a Liquids are excluded from
equilibrium expressions

2 -
calculate the Ka value for phenylacetic arid (CultsCH2COOH) sol'n of
0 . 085 M WI PH 2 18 =
-
.

Step 1 :

write out the conization egin and the Ka expression

CaH5CH2C00H(aq) - HY(99) +

Catscoo laa)

Ka -
[A
*
[Cutts C00-]
[CuA5 CH2COOH]

Step Solve for the required values

:

(H+]
-

PH -
2 .
48
2 09
-

3M
=

10 =
10 =
.
x10
[H+ ] = [C4H5c00-]
[cuH5C00H7 = 0 .
085 M-2 09/10-3M .

- 0 .
083M

ka (2 3) 2
-

=
. 09X10

0 .
083

ka
=

5 .
3x10-5
3 .
A o .
100M sol'n of bromoacetic acid (BrC2COOH) is B . 2 % lonized .

calculate [At] , [BrCH2C00] [BrCH2cooH] and Ka for this acid

,
,
.

13 . 2 % ->
0 . 132 assuming 0 100m initial concentration .

[H+) =
0 .
132 [Br200H] 0 0132M 4 =
.
=

- +

BrCH2COOH I H 1997 t BrCH2C00-(99)

(99)
INITIAL 0 .
100M 0 ⑧
CHANGE -
- +X II
EQB 0 .
0848 0. 0132 0 8
. 132
3
ka =
[H+][BrCH2C00-S
=
10 0132)2
.

-
2 .
01x10
<Br CH2C00] 0 -
0868

4 .
The acid dissociation constant for morous and (ACO2) is 1 .
1 x10-2 .

calculate the concentrations of +130+ , C1O2 , and HCO2 & eqb

if the initian [HC102] 0 0125M = .

3402
ka =
-

HC102]

ACIO2 + H20(1) - 4304 I CO2

0125 0
I
0 . -

0
0 .
0125 -
X -
- *
↑
*

E 0 .
0125-X - h
+* +R

2
ka -2 1 1x10
-

= -

0 .

0125 -

assumption
:

0 .
0125 - * ~ 0 .
0125 -> always explicitly state
your assumptions
2
1.2x10 2 M
-

1.1x10
-

-5 X =
=
=

CHECK ASSUMPTION VALIDIT

2x10 x100 =
9 i

ASSUMPTION IS NOT VALID

SINCE ASSUMPTION IS NOT VALID , USE M QUADRATIC FORMULA

X
= =
0 .
01 (0 0125 -x)
.

0 007452 M
X
.
=

[H30+] 0 0075M [ C102]

=

= .

[HC102] = 0 .
0125 -
0 .
007452
=

0 .
005048M
CH4021 =
5 . 0 x10-3 M
 WEAK BASES
1 .
The hypochlorite ion ,
26-acts as a weak base . Is it a stronger weaker base
or
.

than hydroxylamine NH2OH ? Why ? Hint the Ka for C10-is 3 0x10-8

:

The Ky of NH20H 15 1 1x 10-8 .

solve for the Kb of CO

1.0x10 14
2 x 10 - 7
-

kb =
=
=
3 .
3

2 .

0x10-8

kb 40 ->kb NH2OH ,
therefore clo is a stronger base than NAOH

reaction +H2OCII CHISONH 199)

CHON(a)
2 .
Given the
-
+OH a

Ephedrine is a weak base .

A0 035m of
.
ephedrine has a pH of 11 33
.

9 What eab concentrations

are the of CIOH15ON , CIOHSONH and OH ?
,

b) Calculate kb for ephedrine

C10H5ON (aq) H20(1) C10 #150NH OH

-
+ - (aq) +
199)
0

E
0 .
035 M 0
-

x + * +X

3M
-

-
0 .
03286M 2 .
14 X 10 M 2 .
14 x 10

Take [OA-] from the pH

pot
=

14 -
11 .
33 =
2 .
47
2 47
[OH-] 14 X 10 3M
.
-

10
=

2 .
=

x
[OH-] [C10H150NH4]
=

[C101150N3 0 033M
=

kb [OH] [C10HI5ONH] (2 .
14 X 10
-

3) ->
1 4 x10 -4
.

= -

<CIOH 15 ON] 0 .
03286M

Ka-kb Relationship issalts acid-base properties of

1 .
Given that a for acetic acid 1 8 x10-5 and that for hypochlorous and .
is 3 .
0x10-8 ,

which is the stronger acid ?

Acetic acid has a larger Ka , and is therefore the stronger acid .

.
2 Predict whethe aqueous solutions of the following compounds are acidic ,
basic , or

neutral:
al NIyBr acidic NA is a weak acid ,
Br is negligible
b) FeC13 acidic Fest is a highly marged and : 11 is negligible cation & levic
C NA2203 basic cos2 is the conjugate base of HC05 ; Nat is negligible
d) K2104 neutral both K* and Cloy' are negrible
e) NaHC204 acidic A 2204 is amphoteric but its Ka Kb ,