Technological Institute of the Philippines

1338 Arlegui St., Quiapo, Manila

College of Engineering and Architecture

Department of Civil Engineering

Integration Course 3
CE 412
CE43S4

Problem Set No. 2

Theory of Structures

Score

Submitted by: Submitted to:

Lasac, Claudine P. Engr. Rolls Grant B. Vasquez

1911936

Date Submitted:
June 26, 2023
 MODULE 1: Theory of Structures
Problem 1
Determine the determinacy and stability of structures.

𝑖 = 𝑚 + 𝑟 − 2𝑗
𝑖 = 13 + 5 − 2(9)
𝑖=0
∴ 𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑦 𝐷𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒
∴ 𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒

𝑖 = 𝑟 − (3 + 𝑒𝑐 )
𝑖 = 6 − (3 + 2)
𝑖 = 1°
∴ 𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑦 𝐼𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑜𝑛 1𝑠𝑡 𝑑𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑒
∴ 𝐸𝑥𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑦 𝑢𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒

𝑖 = 3𝑚 + 𝑟 − (3𝑗 + 𝑒𝑐 )
𝑖 = 3(3) + 6 − (3(4) + 1)
𝑖=2
∴ 𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑦 𝐼𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑜𝑛 2𝑛𝑑 𝑑𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑒
∴ 𝑈𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒
Problem 2:
A 12-m beam that is simply supported beam and has a point concentrated load of 98 kN moving
from A to B. Determine the following:

4m

12 m

2/3

-1/3

-2.4

a.) Maximum positive shear that can be developed at point x.

2
𝑀𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟 = 98 ∗ 3

𝑀𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟 = 65.33 𝑘𝑁

b.) Maximum negative shear that can be developed at point x.

1
𝑀𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟 = 98 ∗ (3)

𝑀𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟 = −32.67 𝑘𝑁

 c.) Maximum moment at x
𝑀𝑎𝑥. 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 = 98 ∗ 2.4
𝑀𝑎𝑥. 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 = 235.2 𝑘𝑁 ∗ 𝑚

Problem 3:
A simply supported 23 m beam with an overhang 3m from the left end. Using the influence line,
find the following ordinates:

3m 20 m

a.) Maximum ordinate for maximum shear at the midspan

0.5

0.15

3m 10 m 10 m

-0.5

𝑀𝑎𝑥. 𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟 = 0.5

b.) Maximum ordinate at the free end that will give the maximum shear at midspan
ℎ 0.5
=
3 10

ℎ = 0.15
 c.) Maximum ordinate for maximum reaction at the left support
y

1.0

3m 10 m 10 m

𝑦 1
= 20
23

𝑦 = 1.15

Problem 4:
Along a parabolic cable, a series of uniformly spaced hanger supports a water supply line. The
allowable tensile load in the cable is 1250 kN. Determine the maximum tension at the support if the sag is
3.5 m, the minimum height of cable, tension at lowest point of cable if it is stressed to its allowable tensile
load.

L = 80 m
W = 3.4 kN/m

80 m

h = 3.5 m
a.) Maximum tension

At segment AC,

∑𝑀𝐴 = 0 ↻ +
40
−𝑇𝐶 (3.5) + 3.4(40) ( ) = 0
2
𝑇𝐶𝑉 = 777.14 𝑘𝑁

𝑇𝐶𝐻 = 136 𝑘𝑁

𝑇 = √1362 + 777.142

𝑇 = 788.95 𝑘𝑁

b.) Minimum height of the cable

𝑇𝐶𝑉 = √12502 − 1362

𝑇𝐶𝑉 = 1242.58 𝑘𝑁

∑𝑀𝐴 = 0 ↻ +
40
−1249.579(ℎ) + 3.4(40) ( ) = 0
2
ℎ = 2.19 𝑚

c.) Tension at the lowest point of cable

𝑇𝐶𝑉 = 1242.58 𝑘𝑁
Problem 5:
The frame shown in the figure is acted on by wind load pressure of q=1.54kpa. These frames are
spaced 7m apart normal to the paper. Determine the following:

1.54 kPa
2.5m
7m

a.) The horizontal component of the reaction at A.

∑𝐹𝑉 = 0 ↑ +

𝑅𝐴 + 24.726 + 5.39 + 10.98 = 0

𝑅𝐴 = 41.10𝑘𝑁 ↓

b.) The vertical reaction at B

∑𝑀𝐴 = 0 ↻ +

−𝑅𝐵 (10) + (61.488 + 30.184)(3.5)

5m + (−2.695 + 5.39)(8.25)
5m − 5.39(2.5) −
10.98(7.5) = 0

𝑅𝐵 = 24.73 𝑘𝑁 ↑

c.) The total horizontal force acting on the frame.

∑𝐹𝐻 = 0 → +
 ∑𝐹𝐻 = 61.488 + 30.184 − 2.695 + 5.39

∑𝐹𝐻 = 94.37 𝑘𝑁 →

Problem 6:
The three-hinged arch shown in the figure is loaded with vertical loads only. Distance H = 14m
and s = 3m. Determine the following:

190 kN 190 kN
60 kN 60 kN

∑𝐹𝐻 = 0 → +

𝐴𝐻 − 𝐵𝐻 = 0

∴ 𝐴𝐻 = 𝐵𝐻

a.) The horizontal reaction at A

∑𝑀𝐶 = 0 ↻ +

−𝐴𝐻 (14) + 250(14) − 190(3) − 60(6) = 0

𝐴𝐻 = 183.57 𝑘𝑁

b.) The vertical reaction at B

𝐴𝑉 = 𝐵𝑉

∑𝐹𝑉 = 0 ↑ +
 𝐴𝑉 + 𝐵𝑉 − 190(2) − 60(2) = 0

𝐴𝑉 + 𝐵𝑉 = 250

𝐴𝑉 = 250 𝑘𝑁

𝐵𝑉 = 250 𝑘𝑁 ↑

c.) The vertical reaction

∑𝐹𝑉 = 0 ↑ +

−𝐶𝑉 + 250 − 190 − 60 = 0

𝐶𝑉 = 0

Problem 7:
A retaining wall with 8 m of height is exposed to active pressure with increasing magnitude
from 4.6 kN/m at the top-free end to 63.3 kN/m at the base-fixed end per meter strip of length of
wall along its longitudinal axis. Determine the following: 1) Calculate the maximum shear,
maximum moment, and the moment at the base if the wall were laterally supported at the free end.

4.6 kN/m

8m

63.3 kN/m
a.) Maximum Shear (kN)
4.6 + 63.3
𝑉=( )(8)(1)
2
𝑉 = 271.6 𝑘𝑁
b.) Maximum Moment (kN-m)
 𝑀 = 𝑃1 (4) + 𝑃2 (4.6)
8 58.7 ∗ 8
𝑀 = 4.6(8) ( ) + ( )(4.6)
2 2
𝑀 = 1227.28 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚
c.) Moment at the base (kN-m)

𝐸𝐼 (𝑡𝐴 ) = 0
𝐵

1 2 1 3 1 4
(8)(𝑅𝐴 )(8) ∗ (8) − (4.6)(8)(4)(8) ∗ (8) − (58.7)(8)(4)(8) ∗ (8) = 0
2 3 3 4 4 5
𝑅𝐴 = 154.68 𝑘𝑁

𝑀𝐵 = 154.68(8) − 𝑃1 (4) − 𝑃2 (4.6)

1
𝑀𝐵 = 154.68(8) − 8(4.6)(4) − (58.7)(8)(4.6)
2
𝑀𝐵 = 10.16 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚
Problem 8:
Using Three-Moment Equation, compute the Moments on A, B, C, D and Reactions on A and B.
Also, determine the moment at midspan.

600 N
10 m
90 N/m

A 5m B C 5m D
10 m

𝟔𝐀𝛂 𝟔𝐀𝐛
𝑴𝟏 𝑳𝟏 + 𝟐𝑴𝟐 (𝑳𝟏 + 𝑳𝟐 ) + 𝑴𝟑 𝑳𝟏 + + =𝟎
𝑳𝟏 𝑳𝟐

a.) Moment at A, B, C, D
6Aα 6Ab
𝑀1 𝐿1 + 2𝑀2 (𝐿1 + 𝐿2 ) + 𝑀3 𝐿1 + + =0
𝐿1 𝐿2

6A′α′ 6Ab
𝑀𝐴′ 𝐿1 + 2𝑀𝐵 (𝐿1 + 𝐿2 ) + 𝑀𝐶 𝐿2 + + =0
𝐿1 𝐿2

(90)(5)3
0 + 2𝑀𝐴 (0 + 5) + 𝑀𝐵 (5) + 0 + =0
4

10𝑀𝐴 + 5𝑀𝐵 = −2812.5

6Aa 6Ab
𝑀𝐴 𝐿1 + 2𝑀𝐵 (𝐿1 + 𝐿2 ) + 𝑀𝐶 𝐿2 + + =0
𝐿1 𝐿2
 (90)(5)3 (90)(5)3 (3)(600)(10)2
𝑀𝐴 (5) + 2𝑀𝐵 (5 + 10) + 𝑀𝐵 (10) + + + =0
4 4 8

5𝑀𝐴 + 40𝑀𝐵 = −38025

𝑀𝐴 = 𝑀𝐷 = 207 N ∗ m

𝑀𝐵 = 𝑀𝐶 = −976.5 N ∗ m
b.) Reactions at A and B

Shear Forces,
976.5 − 207
𝑅𝐴′ = = 153.9 𝑁
5
976.5 − 976.5
𝑅𝐵′ = =0
10

1
𝑉𝐴 𝑎𝑡 𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑡/𝑟𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 = (5)(90) = 225 𝑁
2
1
𝑉𝐵 𝑎𝑡 𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑡/𝑟𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 = ((10)(90) + 600) = 750 𝑁
2

𝑉𝐴 = 225 − 153.9 = 71.1 𝑁

𝑉𝐵𝐿 = 225 + 153.9 = −384.9 𝑁

𝑉𝐵𝑅 = 750 − 0 = 750 𝑁

𝑉𝐶𝐿 = 750 − 0 = 750 𝑁

𝑉𝐶𝑅 = 225 + 153.9 = 384.9 𝑁

𝑉𝐷 = 225 − 153.9 = −71.1 𝑁

Reactions,

𝑅𝐴 = 71.1 𝑁

𝑅𝐵 = 384.9 + 750 = 1134.9𝑁

 c.) Maximum moment at the midspan
1
𝑀𝑚𝑖𝑑 = −976.5 + (750 + 300)(5)
2
𝑀𝑚𝑖𝑑 = 1648.5 𝑁 − 𝑚

Problem 9:
A simply supported beam with a span of 9 meter has a uniformly loaded 6.5 m from the left support.
Using Double Integration Method, determine the deflection at 3 m and 5m in the loaded beam.

230 kN/m

6.5 m 2.5 m
m m

x
R = 485.875

𝑥 𝑥−6.5
𝑀 = 485.875(𝑥) − 230(𝑥) (2) + 230(𝑥 − 6.5) ( )
2

𝑥2 (𝑥−6.5)2
∫ 𝐸𝐼𝑦" = 485.875𝑥 − 230( 2 ) + 230( 2
)

485.875(𝑥)2 𝑥3 (𝑥−6.5)3
𝐸𝐼𝑦 ′ = − 230 ( 6 ) + 230 ( ) + 𝐶1
2 6

485.875(𝑥)3 𝑥4 (𝑥−6.5)4
𝐸𝐼𝑦 = − 230 (24) + 230 ( ) + 𝐶1 𝑥 + 𝐶2
6 24

Boundary Condition:
x=0 x = 9m
y=0 y=0
 C2 = 0 C1 = 6863.676505
a.) Deflection at 3 m

x = 3m

485.875(𝑥)3 𝑥4 (𝑥 − 6.5)4
𝐸𝐼𝑦 = − 230 ( ) + 230 ( ) + 𝐶1 𝑥 + 𝐶2
6 24 24

485.875(3)3 34 (3 − 6.5)4
𝐸𝐼𝑦 = − 230 ( ) + 230 ( ) + 6863.6763(3) + 0
6 24 24

21.50
𝑦= 𝑚𝑚
𝐸𝐼
b.) Deflection at 5 m

x = 5m

485.875(𝑥)3 𝑥4 (𝑥 − 6.5)4
𝐸𝐼𝑦 = − 230 ( ) + 230 ( ) + 𝐶1 𝑥 + 𝐶2
6 24 24

485.875(5)3 54 (5 − 6.5)4
𝐸𝐼𝑦 = − 230 ( ) + 230 ( ) + 6863.6763(5) + 0
6 24 24

28.75
𝑦= 𝑚𝑚
𝐸𝐼
c.) Maximum Deflection

Assume x < 7.5

y = 0 @ Max. Deflection
Using Slope Eq,
485.875(𝑥)2 𝑥3 (𝑥−6.5)3
𝐸𝐼(0) = − 230 ( 6 ) + 230 ( ) + 𝐶1
2 6

x = 8.8049 (𝑤𝑟𝑜𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛)

Assume x > 7.5
485.875(𝑥)2 𝑥3
𝐸𝐼(0) = − 230 ( 6 ) + 𝐶1
2

𝑥 = 8.8702 𝑚𝑚 (𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡 𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛)

485.875(𝑥)3 𝑥4 (𝑥 − 6.5)4
𝐸𝐼𝑦 = − 230 ( ) + 230 ( ) + 𝐶1 𝑥 + 𝐶2
6 24 24
 485.875(8.8702)3 8.87024 (8.8702 − 6.5)4
𝐸𝐼𝑦 = − 230 ( ) + 230 ( )
6 24 24
+ 6863.6763(8.8702) + 0
58.36
𝑦= 𝑚𝑚
𝐸𝐼
Problem 10:
A 15 m cantilever propped beam has 720 kN-m flexural capacity and 930 kN shear
capacity. Use Moment Area Method where EI = 70000 N/mm2. Calculate for the allowable load
for shear and flexural capacity. Determine the deflection at free end when propped is removed.
 a.) Allowable load for shear capacity
5
𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑤𝐿
8
5
930 = (𝑤)(15)
8
𝑤 = 99.2 𝑘𝑁

b.) Allowable load for flexural capacity

𝐸𝐼 (𝑡𝐴 ) = 0
𝐵

1 2 𝑤𝐿2 𝐿 3
(𝑅)(𝐿)(𝐿) ∗ (𝐿) − ( )( )(𝐿) = 0
2 3 2 3 4
3
𝑅= 𝐿
8
𝑤𝐿2
𝑀= − 𝑅𝐿
2
𝑤𝐿2 3 2
𝑀= − 𝑤𝐿
2 8
𝑤𝐿2
𝑀=
8
𝑤(15)2
720 =
8
𝑤 = 25.96 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚
c.) Deflection at free end
Using the flexural capacity load, w = 99.2 kN
𝑤𝐿4
𝛿=
8𝐸𝐼
99.2(15)4
δ=
8(70000)

𝛿 = 8.97 𝑚

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