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    Connected Speech Phenomena 5

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    Mirna
    The document discusses several connected speech phenomena in English including: weakening of function words, liaison between words, and characteristic stress patterns. It also covers assimilation, coalescence, elision, juncture phenomena, and allegro style smoothing and compression of sounds across word boundaries which help regularize rhythmic patterns and reduce articulatory effort in connected speech.

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    Connected Speech Phenomena 5

    Uploaded by

    Mirna
    27 views1 page
    The document discusses several connected speech phenomena in English including: weakening of function words, liaison between words, and characteristic stress patterns. It also covers assimilation, coalescence, elision, juncture phenomena, and allegro style smoothing and compression of sounds across word boundaries which help regularize rhythmic patterns and reduce articulatory effort in connected speech.

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    The document discusses several connected speech phenomena in English including: weakening of function words, liaison between words, and characteristic stress patterns. It also covers assimilation, coalescence, elision, juncture phenomena, and allegro style smoothing and compression of sounds across word boundaries which help regularize rhythmic patterns and reduce articulatory effort in connected speech.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    27 views1 page

    Connected Speech Phenomena 5

    Uploaded by

    Mirna
    The document discusses several connected speech phenomena in English including: weakening of function words, liaison between words, and characteristic stress patterns. It also covers assimilation, coalescence, elision, juncture phenomena, and allegro style smoothing and compression of sounds across word boundaries which help regularize rhythmic patterns and reduce articulatory effort in connected speech.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 1

    1.

    A) Weakening is a connected speech phenomenon which affects grammatical/function words


    when they are unstressed, which they are most of the time. The weakening consists of
    qualitative reduction of the vowel. In the weak forms of the word ‘can’ /kæn/ we see that a
    vowel can be replaced by the schwa sound - /kən/, it can be left out - /kn̩ /, and it can also be
    replaced by its lax counterpart, for example /u/ is replaced by /ʊ/ in weak form of ‘you' /jʊ/.
    Weakening makes words less intelligible, that is why it only affects function words, whose
    meaning is more easily retrieved from position and function in a sentence.

    B) Liaison is a Connected Speech Phenomenon where a word-final consonant is pronounced due


    to a following vowel sound. In English this is the pronunciation of /r/ at word boundaries, before
    vowels, in non-rhotic varieties of English, (since in rhotic varieties /r/ is already pronounced.) this
    happens so that onsetless syllables are avoided. Two types: Linking /r/ is the pronunciation of
    /r/ which is reflected in spelling. Ex. brother and sister. Intrusive /r/ occurs in the same phonetic
    context as the linking /r/, but not indicated in the spelling. Ex. In Croatia and Slovenia [r] is
    inserted after croatia.

    + Characteristic connected-speech accentual patterns – distribution of primary and secondary stress of


    a given word in isolation is not necessarily the same as in connected speech. Ex. The primary and
    secondary stress switch in ‘thirteen’, when the word is in the phrase ‘thirteen men’. [,thir’teen + ‘men =
    ‘thir,teen ‘men.]

    This happens bc English is a very eurhythmical language, meaning it tends to regularize the rhythmic
    patterns as much as possible.

    + Assimilation is the adaptation of a segment to an adjacent one, motivated by economy of speech; it


    saves up on articulatory gestures. It can be regressive, ex. ‘with thanks’ – the feature [-voice] is spread
    backwards, or progressive, ex. ‘at last’ – [-voice] is spread forwards.

    + Coalescence is merging of two segments into yet another one at a word boundary. Happens in the
    same contexts as assimilation, goes a step further in the reduction of articulatory gestures. Ex. /d/ + /j/
    = /dʒ/ → could you.

    + Elision is the deletion of segments at word boundaries. Ex. next day /neks deɪ/

    + Juncture phenomena provide phonetic details that mark the word boundary.

    at issue [t⁼] vs. a tissue [tʰ] → a difference in aspiration


    ice-cream vs. I scream → a difference in lenght of diphthong

    + Allegro style phenomena: smoothing is easing up the transition between vowels at word boundaries,
    ex. In 'two o’clock' /u/ is laxed into /ʊ/, or within a triphthong, ex. In 'fire' /aɪə/ laxed into /aːə/.

    and compression is the deletion of syllables or lexical words in connected speech, ex. Perhaps /præps/

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