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    Assembly Language Lab10

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    Abraham Damtew
    This document discusses advanced procedures in assembly language. It covers stack frames, accessing stack parameters using the base pointer EBP, the RET instruction, local variables declared with the LOCAL directive, and recursion. The lab work exercises students to write a recursive procedure that prints a hexadecimal number and a recursive factorial function.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Assembly Language Lab10

    Uploaded by

    Abraham Damtew
    15 views6 pages
    This document discusses advanced procedures in assembly language. It covers stack frames, accessing stack parameters using the base pointer EBP, the RET instruction, local variables declared with the LOCAL directive, and recursion. The lab work exercises students to write a recursive procedure that prints a hexadecimal number and a recursive factorial function.

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    This document discusses advanced procedures in assembly language. It covers stack frames, accessing stack parameters using the base pointer EBP, the RET instruction, local variables declared with the LOCAL directive, and recursion. The lab work exercises students to write a recursive procedure that prints a hexadecimal number and a recursive factorial function.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    15 views6 pages

    Assembly Language Lab10

    Uploaded by

    Abraham Damtew
    This document discusses advanced procedures in assembly language. It covers stack frames, accessing stack parameters using the base pointer EBP, the RET instruction, local variables declared with the LOCAL directive, and recursion. The lab work exercises students to write a recursive procedure that prints a hexadecimal number and a recursive factorial function.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
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    Faculty of Engineering

    Computer Engineering Department


    Islamic University of Gaza

    Assembly Language Lab # 10


    Advanced Procedures

    Eng. Alaa.I.Haniya
    Assembly Language Fundamentals

    Objective:
    To learn more about procedures.

    Part1: Stack Frame (activation record):

    Area of the stack set aside for passed arguments, subroutine return address, local variables,
    and saved registers.

    Created by the following steps:

    1. Passed arguments, if any, are pushed on the stack.


    2. The subroutine is called, causing the subroutine return address to be pushed on the stack.
    3. As the subroutine begins to execute, EBP is pushed on the stack.
    4. EBP is set equal to ESP. From this point on, EBP acts as a base reference for all of the subroutine
    parameters.
    5. If there are local variables, ESP is decremented to reserve space for the variables on the stack.
    6. If any registers need to be saved, they are pushed on the stack.
    Advanced Procedures

    Explicit Access to Stack Parameters:


    A procedure can explicitly access stack parameters using constant offsets from EBP.
     EBP is often called the base pointer or frame pointer because it holds the base address
    of the stack frame.

     EBP must be restored to its original value when a procedure returns.

    RET Instruction:
    Assembly Language Lab # 10

     Return from subroutine.


     Pops stack into the instruction pointer (EIP or IP). Control transfers to the target address.

    Syntax:
     RET
     RET n

    Optional operand n causes n bytes to be added to the stack pointer after EIP (or IP)
    is assigned a value.

    1
    .data
    sum DWORD ?
    .code
    push 6 ; second argument
    push 5 ; first argument
    call AddTwo ; EAX = sum
    mov sum,eax ; save the sum

    AddTwo PROC
    push ebp
    mov ebp,esp ; base of stack frame
    mov eax,[ebp + 12] ; second parameter
    add eax,[ebp + 8] ; first parameter
    pop ebp
    ret
    AddTwo ENDP

    Part2: Local Variables:

    A local variable is created, used, and destroyed within a single procedure.

     Local variables are created on the runtime stack, usually below the base pointer (EBP).
     The LOCAL directive declares a list of local variables and immediately follows the PROC
    directive, each variable is assigned a type.
     Syntax: LOCAL varlist

    Advanced Procedures
    Syntax:
    LOCAL var1:type1, var2:type2, . . .

    Example:

    MySub PROC
    LOCAL var1:BYTE, var2:WORD, var3:DWORD Assembly Language Lab # 10

    Part3: Recursion:

     A recursive procedure is one that calls itself, either directly or indirectly.


     Recursion, the practice of calling recursive procedures, can be a powerful tool when
    working with data structures that have repeating patterns.

    2
    Lab work:
    Excercise1:
    Write an assembly recursive procedure that prints a hexadecimal number saved in memory on the screen.
    Advanced Procedures
    Assembly Language Lab # 10

    3
    Excercise2:
    This function calculates the factorial of integer n ≥ 0. A new value of n is saved in each stack
    frame: (use n=3, 5, 12)

    int function factorial(int n)


    {
    if(n == 0)
    return 1;
    else
    return n * factorial(n-1);
    }

    Advanced Procedures
    Assembly Language Lab # 10

    4
    Assembly Language Lab # 10 Advanced Procedures

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