PowerFactory 2020

Technical Reference
ABB REF 550
F2020

POWER SYSTEM SOLUTIONS

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November 15, 2019

PowerFactory 2020
Revision 924
Contents

Contents

1 Model information 1

2 General description 1

3 Supported features 1

3.1 Measurement and acquisition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

3.1.1 Available Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

3.1.2 Functionality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

3.1.3 Data input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

3.2 Protective elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

3.2.1 Available Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

3.2.2 Functionality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

3.2.3 Data input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

3.3 Output logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

3.3.1 Available Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

3.3.2 Functionality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

3.3.3 Data input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

4 Features not supported 10

5 References 11

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3 Supported features

1 Model information

Manufacturer ABB

Model REF 550

Variants The ABB REF 550 PowerFactory relay models simulate the features available in the
ABB REF 550 relay.

2 General description

The ABB REF 550 is an advanced feeder protection system with the newest innovation in
protection, control and automation features. The REF550 is the ideal solution designed for
protecting and controlling distribution and subtransmission line systems. The REF550 offers
the latest HIF Detect (High Impedance Fault detection) technology and a complete package of
protection functionality such as: phase and ground instantaneous and time overcurrent protection;
negative-sequence overcurrent protection; under/over single and three phase and ground, as
well as negative sequence over voltage control and alarm; multi-shot reclosing; and over/under
frequency protection for load-shedding application, breaker failure, synchronism check.

The ABB REF 550 relay has been modeled using two PowerFactory ABB REF 550 relay models
which include most of the protective elements available in the relay.

The following model versions are available in the ”ABB REF 550” folder:

• REF 550 1A
• REF 550 5A

The PowerFactory ABB REF 550 relay model consists of the measurement and acquisition units,
the overcurrent, frequency, voltage and distance protective elements, and the output logic.

The model implementation has been based on the information available in the relay manual [1].

3 Supported features

3.1 Measurement and acquisition

It represents the interface between the power system and the relay protective elements.

The primary current is converted by one three phase current transformer (”Ct-3P” block) and one
single phase core current transformer (”Ct-E/N” block), the primary voltage is converted by one
three phase voltage transformer (”Vt-3P” block) and one single phase voltage transformer (”Vt-O”
block) . The converted current and voltages are then measured by one 3 phase measurement
unit (”Measure” block), by one 3phase sequence measurement unit (”Measure Seq” block), by
one single phase measurement unit (”Measure SEF” block), and by one frequency measurement
unit (”Meas Freq” block).

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3 Supported features

A relay input signal can be used to monitor to the power system Cold load condition.

3.1.1 Available Units

• one 3 phase current transformer (”Ct-3P” block).

• one single phase current transformer (”Ct-E/N” block).
• one 3 phase voltage transformer (”Vt-3P” block).
• one single phase voltage transformer (”Vt-O” block).
• one 3 phase measurement element (”Measure” block).
• one 3 phase sequence measurement element (”Measure seq” block).
• one single phase measurement element (”Measure SEF” block).
• one frequency measurement element (”Meas Freq” block).
• one relay input signal (”BrkClose-ColdLoad” signal).

3.1.2 Functionality

The ”Ct-3P” and the ”Ct-E/N” block represent ideal CT. Using the CT default configuration the
current at the primary side is converted to the secondary side using the CT ratio. The CT
saturation and/or its magnetizing characteristic are not considered. Please set the ”Detailed
Model” check box in the ”Detailed Data” tab page of the CT dialog and insert the data regarding
the CT burden, the CT secondary resistance and the CT excitation parameter if more accurate
simulation results are required.

The input signals are sampled in the relay model at 20 samples/cycle; a DFT filter operating over
a cycle calculates the current values used by the protective elements. Please notice that no info
is available in the manual about the sampling rate. For this reason an implementation common in
many protective relays has been used.

The ”BrkClose-ColdLoad” relay input signal is connected to the ”Cold load Time” and ”Neutral
Cold load Time” block and is supposed to transfer the status (open equal to ’0’, close equal to
’1’) of the power breaker.

3.1.3 Data input

No manual data input is required in the measurement blocks. Please use the relay model version
with the secondary rated current equal to the secondary rated current of the available CTs.

If no core CT is available assign the 3 phases CT also to the ”Ct-E/N” slot. If no open delta VT is
available assign the 3 phases VT also to the ”Vt-0” slot.

3.2 Protective elements

A set of inverse time and definite time overcurrent elements models the relay phase, negative
sequence and earth overcurrent protective functions. The inverse characteristics available in the
relay are available as well in the inverse time model block.

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3 Supported features

Four phase mho distance elements with positive and negative sequence starting logic are
simulated.

The overvoltage, undervoltage and frequency (with minimum voltage inhibition threshold) protec-
tion elements are also modeled.

3.2.1 Available Units

• One phase time overcurrent element (”51P(3I>)” block).

• One phase time overcurrent element (”51N(IN>)” block).

• Three phase overcurrent instantaneous elements (”50P1 (3I>1)”, ”50P2 (3I>2)” and ”50P3
(3I>3)” block).
• Three ground overcurrent instantaneous elements (”50N1 (IN>1)”, ”50N2 (IN>2)” and ”50N3
(IN>3)” block).

• One sensitive earth fault element (”50N2(I0>2)”block).

• Two negative sequence time overcurrent elements (”46-1(Insc>1)”, ”46-2(Insc>2)” block).
• One phase directional overcurrent elements 67(”67P (3I>’)” and ”Dir Phase OC” block).
• One ground directional overcurrent elements 67(”67N (IN>’)”, ”Dir EF I0” and ”Dir EF I2”
block). Depending up on the activated polarizing type the ”Dir EF I0” or the ”Dir EF I2” block
must be manually disabled.
• Four frequency elements with voltage block threshold(”81S-1”, ”81S-2”, ”81R/O-1”, ”81R/O-
2” and ”81 V” block)
• One phase overvoltage element (”59 (U>)” block).

• One phase undervoltage element (”27 (U<)” block).

• One zero sequence overvoltage element (”59G (U0>)” block).
• One negative sequence overvoltage element (”47 (U2>)” block).

• One reclosing block (”79 Reclosing” block).

• Four zones of phase impedance protection using positive sequence or negative sequence
supervision and voltage buffer feature (up to 6 cycles) for close faults (”I1 Supervisioning
21P-1”, ”I2 Supervisioning 21P-1”, ”21P-1”, ”21PT-1”, ”I1 Supervisioning 21P-2”, ”I2 Super-
visioning 21P-2”, ”21P-2”, ”21PT-2”, ”I1 Supervisioning 21P-3”, ”I2 Supervisioning 21P-3”,
”21P-3”, ”21PT-3”, ”I1 Supervisioning 21P-4”, ”I2 Supervisioning 21P-4”, ”21P-4”, ”21PT-4”
and ”Polarizing” block).
• Two cold load timers (”Cold load Time” and ”Neutral Cold load Time” block, to activate the
feature the ”BrkClose-ColdLoad” relay input signal must be set).

3.2.2 Functionality

The PF model contains all the protective elements available in the relay. The inverse time
overcurrent elements support the following trip characteristics:

• ANSI extremely inverse

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3 Supported features

• ANSI inverse

• ANSI long time ext inv

• ANSI long time inverse
• ANSI long time very inv

• ANSI recloser curve #8

• ANSI short time ext inv
• ANSI short time inverse
• Definite time (50)

• Definite time (51)

• Inverse Instantaneous
• Standard Instantaneous

• User Prog. Curve#1

• User Prog. Curve#2
• User Prog. Curve#3

For most of the trip characteristics a reset characteristic can be used; the following reset
characteristics are available:

• ANSI extremely inverse reset

• ANSI inverse reset

• ANSI long time ext inv reset

• ANSI long time inverse reset
• ANSI long time very inv reset
• ANSI recloser curve #8 reset

• ANSI short time ext inv reset

• ANSI short time inverse reset
• ANSI very inverse reset

• Definite time (50)

• Definite time (51)

Please notice that the User Prog. Curve#1, User Prog. Curve#2, and User Prog. Curve#3
curve characteristic can be freely set by the user inserting up to 10 current, time values. Each
characteristic is shared by any instance of the ABB REF 550 relay model.
The Cold Load condition is declared when the ”BrkClose-ColdLoad” relay input signal becomes
’1’ and is maintained for the time defined in the ”Cold Load Time” and in the ”Neutral cold load
Time” block. The relevant signals are used to block part of the phase and the ground overcurrent
elements. The block logic can be modified in the ”Logic” tab page of the ”Logic” block.

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3 Supported features

3.2.3 Data input

The relationships between the relay settings and the model parameters can be found in the
following table (the relay model parameter names are listed between brackets)::

Address Relay Setting Model block Model setting Note

51P (3I>) Curve Selection 51P (3I>) Out of Service (outserv) Out of service
when Curve
Selection is
Disable
Characteristic (pcharac)
51P (3I>) Pickup 51P (3I>) Current Setting (Ipsetr)
51P (3I>) Time Dial 51P (3I>) Time Dial (Tpset)
51P (3I>) Time Delay 51P (3I>) Time Dial (Tpset) Active in the relay
only with the Defi-
nite Time curve
51N (IN>) Curve Selection 51N (IN>) Out of Service (outserv) Out of service
when Curve
Selection is
Disable
Characteristic (pcharac)
51N (IN>) Pickup 51N (IN>) Current Setting (Ipsetr)
51N (IN>) Time Dial 51N (IN>) Time Dial (Tpset)
51N (IN>) Time Delay 51N (IN>) Time Dial (Tpset) Active in the relay
only with the Defi-
nite Time curve
50P1 (3I>>1) Curve Selection 50P1 (3I>>1) Out of Service (outserv) Out of service
when Curve
Selection is
Disable
Characteristic (pcharac)
50P1 (3I>>1) Pickup 50P1 (3I>>1) Current Setting (Ipsetr)
50P1 (3I>>1) Time Dial 50P1 (3I>>1) Time Dial (Tpset)
50N1 (IN>>1) Curve Selection 50N1 (IN>>1) Out of Service (outserv) Out of service
when Curve
Selection is
Disable
Characteristic (pcharac)
50N1 (IN>>1) Select 50N1 (IN>>1) Out of Service (outserv)
50N1 (IN>>1) Pickup 50N1 (IN>>1) Current Setting (Ipsetr)
50N1 (IN>>1) Time Dial 50N1 (IN>>1) Time Dial (Tpset)
50P2 (3I>>2) Select 50P2 (3I>>2) Out of Service (outserv)
50P2 (3I>>2) Pickup 50P2 (3I>>2) Pickup Current (Ipset)
50P2 (3I>>2) Time Delay 50P2 (3I>>2) Time Setting (Tset)
50N2 (IN>>2) Select 50N2 (IN>>2) Out of Service (outserv)
50N2 (IN>>2) Pickup 50N2 (IN>>2) Pickup Curren (Ipset)t
50N2 (IN>>2) Time Delay 50N2 (IN>>2) Time Setting (Tset)
50N2 (I0>2) Select 50N2 (I0>>2) Out of Service (outserv)
50N2 (I0>2) Pickup 50N2 (I0>>2) Pickup Current (Ipset)
50N2 (I0>2) Time Delay 50N2 (I0>>2) Time Setting (Tset)
50P3 (3I>>3) Select 50P3 (3I>>3) Out of Service (outserv)
50P3 (3I>>3) Pickup 50P3 (3I>>3) Pickup Current (Ipset)
50N3 (IN>>3) Select 50N3 (IN>>3) Out of Service (outserv)
50N3 (IN>>3) Pickup 50N3 (IN>>3) Pickup Current (Ipset)
67P (3I>–>) Select 67P (3I>–>) Out of Service (outserv)
67P (3I>–>) Curve Selection 67P (3I>–>) Characteristic (pcharac)
67P (3I>–>) Pickup 67P (3I>–>) Current Setting (Ipsetr)
67P (3I>–>) Time Dial 67P (3I>–>) Time Dial (Tpset)

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3 Supported features

Address Relay Setting Model block Model setting Note

67P (3I>–>) Time Delay 67P (3I>–>) Time Dial (Tpset) Set only with the
Definite Time
curve
67P (3I>–>) Maximum Torque angle Dir OC Max Torque Angle (mtau) In the ”Voltage Po-
larizing” tab page
67N (IN>–>) Select 67N (IN>–>) Out of Service (outserv)
67N (IN>–>) Curve 67N (IN>–>) Characteristic (pcharac)
67N (IN>–>) Pickup 67N (IN>–>) Current Setting (Ipsetr)
67N (IN>–>) Time Dial 67N (IN>–>) Time Dial (Tpset)
67N (IN>–>) Time Delay 67N (IN>–>) Time Dial (Tpset) Set only with the
Definite Time
curve
67N (IN>–>) Max Torque angle Dir EF Max Torque Angle (mtau) In the ”Voltage Po-
larizing” tab page
79M Reset time Pickup 79 Reclosing Reset Time (resettime)
79M Open interval time 79 Reclosing Reclosing Interval 1 (re-
cltime1)
79 Reclosing Reclosing Interval 2 (re-
cltime2)
79 Reclosing Reclosing Interval 3 (re-
cltime3)
79M Number of reclosures 79 Reclosing Operations to lockout Set ”Number of re-
(oplockout) closures” + 1
81 Select 81R1 Out of Service (outserv)
81R2 Out of Service (outserv)
81S1 Out of Service (outserv)
81S2 Out of Service (outserv)
81R1 Load Shed pickup 81R1 Frequency (Fset)
81R1 Shed time delay 81R1 Time Delay (Tdel)
81R2 Load Shed pickup 81R2 Frequency (Fset)
81R2 Shed time delay 81R2 Time Delay (Tdel)
81S1 Load Shed pickup 81S1 Frequency (Fset)
81S1 Shed time delay 81S1 Time Delay (Tdel)
81S2 Load Shed pickup 81S2 Frequency (Fset)
81S2 Shed time delay 81S2 Time Delay (Tdel)
81V Voltage Block 81V Pickup Voltage (Uset)
Cold Load Time Cold load Time Time Setting (Tdelay)
Neutral Cold Load Time Neutral cold load Time Setting (Tdelay)
Time
46-1 (Insc>1) Curve Selection 46-1 (Insc>1) Out of Service (outserv) Out of service
when Curve
Selection is
Disable
Characteristic (pcharac)
46-1 (Insc>1) Pickup 46-1 (Insc>1) Current Setting (Ipsetr)
46-1 (Insc>1) Time Dial 46-1 (Insc>1) Time Dial (Tpset)
46-1 (Insc>1) Time Delay 46-1 (Insc>1) Time Dial (Tpset) Set only with the
Definite Time
curve
46-2 (Insc>2) Curve Selection 46-2 (Insc>2) Out of Service (outserv) Out of service
when Curve
Selection is
Disable
Characteristic (pcharac)
46-2 (Insc>2) Pickup 46-2 (Insc>2) Current Setting (Ipsetr)
46-2 (Insc>2) Time Dial 46-2 (Insc>2) Time Dial (Tpset)
46-2 (Insc>2) Time Delay 46-2 (Insc>2) Time Dial (Tpset) Set only with the
Definite Time
curve
27 (U<) Select 27-1 (U<) Out of Service (outserv)

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3 Supported features

Address Relay Setting Model block Model setting Note

27 (U<) Pickup 27-1 (U<) Pickup Voltage (Usetr)
27 (U<) Time Delay 27-1 (U<) Time Delay (Tdel)
59 (U>) Select 59-1 (U>) Out of Service (outserv)
59 (U>) Pickup 59-1 (U>) Pickup Voltage (Usetr)
59 (U>) Time Delay 59-1 (U>) Time Delay (Tdel)
47 Select 47 (U>) Out of Service (outserv)
47 Pickup 47 (U>) Pickup Voltage (Usetr)
47 Time Delay 47 (U>) Time Delay (Tdel)
59G Select 59G (U>) Out of Service (outserv)
59G Pickup 59G (U>) Pickup Voltage (Usetr)
59G Time Delay 59G (U>) Time Delay (Tdel)
32N-2(I2->) Select 32N2 (I2>–>) Out of Service (outserv)
32N-2(I2->) Max. Torque Angle 32N2 (I2>–>) Max. Torque Angle (mtau) In the ”Voltage Po-
larizing” tab page
32P-2(I1->) Select 32P2 (I1>–>) Out of Service (outserv)
32P-2(I1->) Torque Angle 32P2 (I1>–>) Max. Torque Angle (mtau) In the ”Voltage Po-
larizing” tab page
21P Zone 1 Select 21P-1 Out of Service (outserv) Out of service
when Select is
Disable
21P-1 Tripping Direction (idir) Set when Se-
lect is Enable-
Forward or
Enable-Reverse
21P Zone 1 Impedance 21P-1 Replica Impedance (Zm)
21P Zone 1 Characteristic Angle 21P-1 Relay Angle (phi)
21P Zone 1 Time Delay 21PT-1 Time Setting (Tdelay)
I1 Supervision Zone 1 I1 Supervisioning Pickup Current (Ipsetr)
21P-1
I2 Supervision Zone 1 I2 Supervisioning Pickup Current (Ipsetr)
21P-1
21P Zone 2 Select 21P-2 Out of Service (outserv) Out of service
when Select is
Disable
21P-2 Tripping Direction (idir) Set when Se-
lect is Enable-
Forward or
Enable-Reverse
21P Zone 2 Impedance 21P-2 Replica Impedance (Zm)
21P Zone 2 Characteristic Angle 21P-2 Relay Angle (phi)
21P Zone 2 Time Delay 21PT-2 Time Setting (Tdelay)
I1 Supervision Zone 2 I1 Supervisioning Pickup Current (Ipsetr)
21P-2
I2 Supervision Zone 2 I2 Supervisioning Pickup Current (Ipsetr)
21P-2
21P Zone 3 Select 21P-3 Out of Service (outserv) Out of service
when Select is
Disable
21P-3 Tripping Direction (idir) Set when Se-
lect is Enable-
Forward or
Enable-Reverse
21P Zone 3 Impedance 21P-3 Replica Impedance (Zm)
21P Zone 3 Characteristic Angle 21P-3 Relay Angle (phi)
21P Zone 3 Time Delay 21PT-3 Time Setting (Tdelay)
I1 Supervision Zone 3 I1 Supervisioning Pickup Current (Ipsetr)
21P-3
I2 Supervision Zone 3 I2 Supervisioning Pickup Current (Ipsetr)
21P-3

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Address Relay Setting Model block Model setting Note

21P Zone 4 Select 21P-4 Out of Service (outserv) Out of service
when Select is
Disable
21P-4 Tripping Direction (idir) Set when Se-
lect is Enable-
Forward or
Enable-Reverse
21P Zone 4 Impedance 21P-4 Replica Impedance (Zm)
21P Zone 4 Characteristic Angle 21P-4 Relay Angle (phi)
21P Zone 4 Time Delay 21PT-4 Time Setting (Tdelay)
I1 Supervision Zone 4 I1 Supervisioning Pickup Current (Ipsetr)
21P-4
I2 Supervision Zone 4 I2 Supervisioning Pickup Current (Ipsetr)
21P-4
Reset Mode 51P (3I>) Reset Characteristic (reset- Set when Reset
dis) Mode is Delayed
51N (IN>) Reset Characteristic (reset-
dis)
50P1 (3I>>1) Reset Characteristic (reset-
dis)
50N1 (IN>>1) Reset Characteristic (reset-
dis)
67P (3I>–>) Reset Characteristic (reset-
dis)
67N (IN>–>) Reset Characteristic (reset-
dis)
46-1 (Insc>1) Reset Characteristic (reset-
dis)
46-2 (Insc>2) Reset Characteristic (reset-
dis)

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3 Supported features

3.3 Output logic

It represents the output stage of the relay; it’s the interface between the relay and the power
breaker.

3.3.1 Available Units

The output logic is implemented by the ”Logic” and by the ”Closing Logic” block.

3.3.2 Functionality

The ”Logic” block has the task to operate the power breaker when a trip command has been
issued by any protective element. The relay output signal used to operate the breaker is ”yout”.
The ”Closing Logic” block controlled by the reclosing feature (”Reclosing” block) has the purpose
of generating a closing command for the power breaker when a reclosing attempt is triggered.

The trip/output logic, the Cold Load condition logic and the directional logic can be freely
configured by the user in the ”Logic” tab page of the ”Logic” block.

Please notice that by default the Cold load condition blocks the ”51P (3I>)” and the ”51N (IN>)”
element. The Neutral Cold Load condition blocks the ”50N2 (I0>>2)”.

No default logic is present for the directional logic. The following input signals of the ”Logic” block
can be used:

• fwd32P (forward fault detection signal, coming from the ”32P2 (I1>->´’ block)).
• rev32P (reverse fault detection signal, coming from the ”32P2 (I1>->´’ block)).
• fwd32N (forward fault detection signal, coming from the ”32N2 (I2>->´’ block)).
• rev32N (reverse fault detection signal, coming from the ”32N2 (I2>->´’ block)).

3.3.3 Data input

To disable the relay model ability to open the power circuit breaker disable the ”Logic” block.

To disable the relay model ability to close the power circuit breaker and start a reclosing procedure
disable the ”Closing Logic” block.

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4 Features not supported

4 Features not supported

• Synchrocheck function (25).
• 50P unit two phase tripping..

• Breaker failure.
• Voltage elements two/three phase operation mode.

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5 References

5 References
[1] ABB Inc. Substation Automation and Protection, 7036 Snowdrift Road, Allentown Pennsyl-
vania 18106 USA. ABB Advanced Feeder Protection System REF 550 Instruction Booklet
7.11.1.7-50 Issue A.1 March 2005, 2005.

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