ps100 User Manual en - v7

®
TWERD
Renewable Energy Sources
One-phase
photovoltaic and wind inverters
PS100-PV
PS100-WT
PS100-H
1 kW, 3 kW, 5.5 kW
On-Grid / Off-Grid
Photovoltaic systems (PV)
Wind turbine systems (WT)
Hybrid systems: (H)
User manual
Ver. 7
www. twerd.pl
Contents
1. Device description......................................................................................................................................... 5
2. Conditions of safe operation......................................................................................................................... 6
2.1. Warnings............................................................................................................................................... 6
2.2. Basic rules............................................................................................................................................ 6
2.3. Protection against electric shock.......................................................................................................... 7
2.4. Operation list after receiving the device................................................................................................ 7
2.5. Environmental conditions...................................................................................................................... 7
2.6. Recycle................................................................................................................................................. 7
3. Specification................................................................................................................................................. 8
3.1. Technical data....................................................................................................................................... 8
3.2. Mechanical dimensions and weight...................................................................................................... 9
3.2.1. PS100-WT/1kW, PS100-WT/3kW, PS100-PV/1kW, PS100-PV/3kW...........................................9
3.2.2. PS100-PV/5.5kW, PS100-WT/5.5kW, PS100-H/3kW, PS100-H/5.5 kW.....................................11
3.2.3. PS100-WT+BAT/1kW, PS100-WT+BAT/3kW, PS100-PV+BAT/1kW, PS100-PV+BAT/3kW......13
3.2.4. PS100-WT+BAT/5.5kW, PS100-PV+BAT/5.5kW, PS100-H+BAT/3kW, PS100-H+BAT/5.5kW...15
4. Preparing for installation............................................................................................................................. 17
4.1. Inverter installation location................................................................................................................ 17
4.2. Environmental condition...................................................................................................................... 17
4.3. Cooling................................................................................................................................................ 17
4.4. Use of residual current devices........................................................................................................... 17
4.5. Power line connector.......................................................................................................................... 18
4.6. Installation position............................................................................................................................. 21
4.7. Power circuit terminals........................................................................................................................ 21
5. ON-GRID installation.................................................................................................................................. 22
5.1. Inverter with WT generator input......................................................................................................... 23
5.2. Inverter with PV input.......................................................................................................................... 24
5.3. Hybrid inverter with AC (PMSG) and DC (PV) inputs..........................................................................25
6. OFF-GRID installation................................................................................................................................. 26
6.1. Inverter with the WT generator input................................................................................................... 27
6.2. Inverter with PV photovoltaic panels input.......................................................................................... 28
6.3. Hybrid inverter with WT generator and PV photovoltaic panels inputs................................................29
7. Built-in control panel................................................................................................................................... 30
7.1. Information displayed on the operator panel without removing the inverter cover.............................31
7.2. Operating the control panel using buttons..........................................................................................32
7.3. Updating the Control panel software................................................................................................... 34
8. The first run................................................................................................................................................. 36
8.1. Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) and Global Maximum Power Point Tracking (GMPPT)......36
8.2. 16 point load characteristic of a synchronous generator.....................................................................37
8.3. Start/Stop command........................................................................................................................... 37
8.4. Dump load resistors............................................................................................................................ 38
8.5. The internal process of switching ON the inverter in on-grid mode.....................................................38
8.6. The internal process of switching the inverter off-grid.........................................................................38
9. Digital inputs and outputs............................................................................................................................ 39
9.1. Generator load control........................................................................................................................ 40
9.2. Anemometer....................................................................................................................................... 41
9.3. Storm Protection................................................................................................................................. 41
9.4. Remote Output Stop Order................................................................................................................. 41
10. Communication parameters setting.......................................................................................................... 42
10.1. Connecting the inverter to the Internet............................................................................................. 43
10.2. Communication via Json file............................................................................................................ 43
11. Inverter Monitoring System via “www.inverters.pl”....................................................................................44
11.1. Creating an user account.................................................................................................................. 44
11.2. Login................................................................................................................................................. 44
PS100 – User’s manual 3

11.3. Adding the inverter to the system to monitor its operation.................................................................44
11.4. Account Settings............................................................................................................................... 46
12. Battery charger module............................................................................................................................. 48
12.1. General information.......................................................................................................................... 48
12.2. Possible operation scenarios............................................................................................................ 50
13. Groups of parameters............................................................................................................................... 52
13.1. Inverter status parameters – group 0................................................................................................ 52
13.2. Inverter configuration parameters..................................................................................................... 54
14. Faults........................................................................................................................................................ 60
14.1. List of fault codes.............................................................................................................................. 60
14.2. List of battery charger module failure code.......................................................................................62
15. Ordering information................................................................................................................................. 64
16. Warranty conditions.................................................................................................................................. 64
17. Appendix A: EU Declaration Of Conformity............................................................................................... 65
18. Appendix A: PN-EN 50438:2014-02 Declaration Of Conformity................................................................66
4 PS100 – User’s manual

Chapter 1. Device description
1. Device description
The family of single-phase, high efficiency and transformerless PS100 inverters is designed for work with
small wind turbines (equipped with permanent magnet synchronous generators) and PV installations, with an
electric power of up to 5.5 kW. These inverters converts the energy obtained from the wind and/or solar
power plant to a single-phase power grid (so-called "on-grid" systems). They operate fully autonomously.
After being installed by an authorized person, the user's role is limited to systematic monitoring of the
device's condition (failure, flooding, etc.).
Presented PS100 products family includes the following types of inverters:
• PS100-WT/1kW, PS100-WT/3kW, PS100-WT/5.5kW - inverters with WT synchronous generators
input (AC voltage input): designed for a small wind or water turbines.
• PS100-PV/1kW, PS100-PV/3kW, PS100-PV/5.5kW - inverters with PV input(s) (DC voltage
input(s)): designed for a photovoltaic panels (PV).
• PS100-H/3kW, PS100-H/5.5kW - hybrid inverters with one WT input and one PV input enabling
simultaneous connection of PV panels and a synchronous generator.
Note: the inverter power determines the total input power obtained from both sources – PV panels
and synchronous generator. Currents and voltages cannot exceed individual input values given in
Table 3.1 on page 8.
• PS100-x-BAT - each of the above types of inverters (WT, PV, H) can be equipped with a battery
charging module in the 48V DC voltage system. It enables building off-grid island systems and
intelligent energy management in "on-grid" systems. See chapter 12. Battery charger module on
page 49 for more information.
Photovoltaic panels are loaded on the basis of the following MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking)
algorithm, while for synchronous generators a 16-point characteristic of the generator's input current should
be introduced as a function of its frequency. In addition, load control of a synchronous generator can be done
by directly setting the load current using the MODBUS communication protocol (RTU, TCP / IP). Each of
these algorithms is designed to optimally use a renewable energy source (RES).
Using the MODBUS or Json communication protocol, you can read from the system information about:
• current inverter input and output voltages and currents,
• current output power (home appliances or electrical network),
• energy delivered in the last 24 hours,
• information on occurring failures.
The system is equipped with an extensive diagnostic and protection tools for the inverter and user. The
device is secured:
• from the mains side:
◦ protection against improper mains parameters: voltage, frequency,
◦ protection against off-grid island operation (disconnection by relays from the network in the
event of its loss);
• from the generator side: overvoltage, overcurrent, before the generator runs away;
• from the PV side: overvoltage, overcurrent;
• against too high inverter’s heat sink temperature;
• against too deep discharge of the energy storage (applies to systems with a battery charging
module marked "+ BAT").
Limitation of liability
Despite all efforts and due diligence, the Zakład Energoelektroniki TWERD (TWERD Power Electronics)
does not guarantee that the published data is free of errors. In case of any doubts or the desire to obtain
additional information, please contact us. All trademarks used are the property of their respective owners.
PS100 – User manual 5

Chapter 2. Conditions of safe operation
2. Conditions of safe operation

Before start to work with the PS100 inverter read carefully this User’s manual. Not knowing or ignorance of
the information contained in it can cause physical injury, death or damage to the inverter.
In the further part of this User manual, the PS100-WT inverter, to which this instruction applies, will also be
referred to as the „PS100-WT or "device".
RISK OF ELECTRIC SHOCK HOT SURFACE
2.1. Warnings
• Incorrect installation, using, and maintenance of the device can cause physical injury or death, or
damage to the device and connected equipment.
• Some housing components, including a heat sink, can get hotter than 80°C during normal operation -
there is a risk of burns.
• Installation, using, and maintenance of the device must be performed only by qualified personnel.
• Before switching on the voltage, make sure the device has been correctly installed and all housing
elements have been properly assembled.
• After connecting the device to the supply voltage its internal components (without the control
terminals – Fig. 9.1 on page 40) are on the power supply potential. Touching these components can
cause an electric shock.
• The device contains DC-link circuit capacitors that can remain charged even when the device is not
powered. It can cause an electric shock. The time required for self-discharge of capacitors in an
undamaged device is usually less then 5 minutes. Before starting any installation works wait 5
minutes after disconnecting all power supplies sources and make sure that a voltage on a clamps is
not present.
Attention! The lack of the voltage at the connection terminals is not synonymous with the lack of
dangerous voltage in the internal DC-link circuit of the device.
• Don’t make any connections changes when the device is connected to the power supply.
• Due to the use of a transformer-free topology of the charger, and thus connecting the negative pole
of the battery bank to the inverter's intermediate circuit, there are dangerous voltage and life-
threatening voltage on the terminals of the battery bank. It is forbidden to touch the terminals of the
battery bank, because it may cause an electric shock!
2.2. Basic rules

• The inverter must not be switched on to work with a synchronous generator (versions WT and H)
without load resistors, as this may cause turbines to run, and consequently damages for which the
manufacturer is not responsible.
• Do not make any connections when the electrical voltage is supplied to the inverter: from the mains
side, photovoltaic panels, wind turbine generator, battery bank.
• Don’t measure the voltage endurance of any unit devices.
• To measure the cables insulation it is necessary to disconnect them from the device.
• Don’t touch integrated circuits and any other parts on the device’s electronic board, as they can be
damaged by electrostatic discharge.
• Ensure that no other passive components, such as resistors, capacitors, or coils, are connected to
the power cables.
• Any modifications or self-repairs of the device can cause physical injury or death, or damage to the
device and connected equipment. Any attempt at self-repair will void any warranty.
6 PS100 – User manual

Chapter 2. Conditions of safe operation
• After disassembling the front cover of the inverter, access to the buttons of the operator panel and
simultaneously to the elements that are, under the conditions of normal operation of the inverter,
under the electrical voltage dangerous for life and health (active parts) are obtained.
ATTENTION: Take particular care due to the possibility of electric shock. Removing the front cover of
the inverter (when the electrical voltage is supplied to the device both from the network side and the
generator) and changing the settings can only be made by a person with appropriate electrical
qualifications.
• Periodically, you should check:
◦ Connection of protective conductors,
◦ Wiring (the connections, insulation),
◦ Did not water get inside the system,
◦ Degree of heat sink dirtiness.
2.3. Protection against electric shock

Protective conductor must be connected to inverter’s PE terminal on terminal strip.
The device has built-in protection against earth fault currents, but it only protects the device and
does not protect the user against electric shock.
2.4. Operation list after receiving the device

• After unpacking the device, it is necessary to check up visually presence of damages which could
arise during the transport.
• Check up the correspondence between the delivered frequency converter and the order - check up
the ratings plate on the case.
• Check up the correspondence between conditions in which the converter will be used and conditions
of an environment for which it is designed.
• Installation of the frequency converter should be made according to principles of safety and EMC
rules.
2.5. Environmental conditions

a. Degree of pollution
During design second degree of pollution has been assumed, at which there are normally only non-
conducting pollution. However there is a probability of temporary conductivity caused by a condensation,
when the device is disconnected from the voltage source.
In case the environment in which the device will work, contains pollution which can influence its safety, it
is necessary to apply appropriate counteraction, using, for example, additional cases, air channels, filters etc.
b. Climatic conditions
Table 2.1. Installation, warehousing and transport conditions
Installation site During warehousing During transport
Temperature -10 ºC .. +40 ºC -25 ºC .. +55 ºC -25 ºC .. +70 ºC
In protective packing
Relative humidity 5 % .. 95 % 5 % .. 95 % Max 95 %
Short-term, insignificant condensation on the external side of the device case is
permitted only when the device is disconnected from the voltage source.
Air pressure 86 kPa .. 106 kPa 86 kPa .. 106 kPa 70 kPa .. 106 kPa
2.6. Recycle
Always return your used electronic products, batteries, and packaging materials to dedicated
collection points. This way you help prevent uncontrolled waste disposal and promote the
recycling of materials.

Chapter 3. Specification
3. Specification
3.1. Technical data
Table 3.1. PS100 inverters technical data
Type PS100
No. 1kW 3kW 5.5kW
Description Name Unit
1 WT input (AC voltage): permanent magnet synchronous generator
PS100-WT, PS100-H inverters
1.1 Working voltage range Ugen V 3 x 60..290 V AC
from the AC generator side (Phase - Phase)
1.2 Rated voltage from the AC generator Ugen-n V 3 x 230 V AC
side (n* nominal)
1.3 Maximum input current Igen-max A 7A 13A PS100H/5.5kW: 13A
from the AC generator side PS100WT/5.5kW: 24A
2 PV inputs (DC voltage): photovoltaic panels
PS100-PV, PS100-H inverters
2.1 Voltage range from the PV side Upv V 60..450 V DC
2.2 Maximum current of PV panels Ipv-max A 9A 13A PS100H/5.5kW: 13A
PS100PV/5.5kW: 2x13A
2.3 Type of PV connector - - MC4
3 Number of PV and WT inputs - pcs. PS100-PV/1kW, PS100-PV/3kW:
1 x PV input - PV1
PS100-PV/5.5kW:
2 x PV input - PV1, PV2
every input has individual MPPT
algorithm
PS100-WT/xkW:
1 x WT input
PS100-H/xkW:
1 x PV(PV1) input + 1 x WT input
4 Efficiency (at rated output power) ƞ % 97%
5 Nominal AC output power Pn kW 1 3 5.5
6 Output voltage Uout V 1 x 230V, 50Hz
(from the power grid side)
7 The maximum output current Iout A 4,5 13 25
8 Current THD % <3
9 Work modes - - On-Grid, Off-Grid
10 Nominal voltage of DC-link circuit Udc V 380V
11 Maximum voltage of DC-link circuit Udc-max V 600V
12 Transistors switching frequency fsw kHz 16
o
13 Maximum temperature of heatsink Trad-max C 85
14 Communication - - Ethernet, RS485
15 Digital inputs DI1..DI5 pcs. 5
16 Relay outputs: 2A 230V AC K1 pcs. K1: Switchable, 2A 230V AC
K2, K3 K2, K3: Normally Open, 2A 230V AC
17 Internal relays controlling the
operation of braking resistors Rezystory - 30 A, AC1
Inverters PS 100-WT and PS100-H
18 Protections - before run-up the PMSG,
- before too high device temperature,
- the monitoring system of the power grid parameters

19 Algorithm of Maximum Power Point • WT synchronous generator input (AC): characteristic

Tracking Igen=f(fgen) defined by user.
• PV input (DC): advanced MPPT global tracking system that
guarantees finding the optimal operating point even with
partially shaded or in series-connected panels.
20 Power consumption in standby mode - W 2
21 Humidity - % 85% for 40oC
o
22 Ambient temperature range - C -10ºC..+40ºC
23 IP protection - - IP65
24 Weight - kg Look at the chapter 3.2 Mechanical
dimensions and weight on page 10.
Devices with battery charger module
25 Nominal voltage of battery Ubat-n V 48 Vdc
26 Nominal charging/discharging Ibat-max A 50 Adc
current

3.2. Mechanical dimensions and weight

3.2.1. PS100-WT/1kW, PS100-WT/3kW, PS100-PV/1kW, PS100-PV/3kW
Fig. 3.1. Mechanical dimensions of the inverter
Weight of the inverter with mounting frame: 14 kg.

Rys.3.2. Mechanical dimensions of the mounting frame
ps100-20-1
IN +
PV
IN -
PV switchPV
ROZŁĄCZNIK
Fig. 3.3. Inverter view from the connectors side

Note: PS100-WT - no PV connectors and a PV switch.

3.2.2. PS100-PV/5.5kW, PS100-WT/5.5kW, PS100-H/3kW, PS100-H/5.5 kW

Fig. 3.5. Mechanical dimensions of the mounting frame
IN1 +
IN2 IN2 +
PV1 PV2
IN1 -
IN2 IN2 -
PV switch
PV SWITCH
ps100-20-1

Note: PS100-WT - no PV1, PV2 connectors and a PV switch;
PS100-H – no PV2 connector.

3.2.3. PS100-WT+BAT/1kW, PS100-WT+BAT/3kW, PS100-PV+BAT/1kW, PS100-PV+BAT/3kW

ps100-22-1
IN +
PV
IN -
PV SWITCH
Note: PSW100-WT+BAT - no PV connectors and a PV switch.

3.2.4. PS100-WT+BAT/5.5kW, PS100-PV+BAT/5.5kW, PS100-H+BAT/3kW, PS100-H+BAT/5.5kW

ps100-23-1
IN1+ IN2+
PV1 PV2
IN1+ IN2+
PV SWITCH
Note: PS100-WT+BAT - no PV1, PV2 connectors and a PV switch;

PS100-H+BAT – no PV2 connectors.

Chapter 4. Preparing for installation
4. Preparing for installation

4.1. Inverter installation location
• The inverter is suitable for installation indoors and outdoors.
• The inverter has an IP65 protection rating and this should be taken into account when selecting the
mounting location.
• In order to minimise the heating up of the inverter, do not expose it to direct sunlight. Install the
inverter in a protected location.
• The inverter must not be installed or used at altitudes above 2500 m n.p.m.
• All inverters are design to be dust-tight. However, in areas with a heavy build-up of dust, the thermal
efficiency may still be impaired by dust forming on the cooling surfaces. Regular cleaning is
necessary in such situations. It is therefore not recommended to mount the device in rooms or areas
in which a strong formation of dust is expected.
• Do not install the inverter in:
◦ flammable or explosive atmosphere because it could cause fire or explosion,
◦ areas where ammonia, corrosive vapours, acids or salts are present (e.g. fertiliser stores,
ventilation openings from cattle sheds, chemical plants, tanneries, etc.),
◦ places where there is an increased risk of damage from farm animals (horses, cattle, sheep,
pigs, etc.),
◦ stables or adjoining areas,
◦ storage areas for hay, straw, chaff, animal feed, fertilisers, etc.,
◦ greenhouses,
◦ storage or processing areas for fruit, vegetables or winegrowing products,
◦ places used to prepare grain, green fodder or animal feeds.
• Due to the low noise generated by the inverter in certain operating conditions, staying for a long time
can be slightly burdensome for some people, so installation in the immediate vicinity of living
quarters is not recommended.
4.2. Environmental condition

The PS100 inverter should work in dry rooms with little dust. Ambient temperature should not exceed 40 oC
and relative humidity 85% according to Table 2.1 on page 7.
4.3. Cooling
In order to ensure the required air circulation, the inverter should be mounted so as to keep a free space of
at least 20 cm from the top and bottom and 10 cm from both sides. When installing in a closed enclosure,
use ventilation openings. It is advisable to use an additional fan. Prevent dust from settling on the heat sink
surface. The radiator should be cleaned from time to time.
4.4. Use of residual current devices

Due to the built-in RFI filter, the residual current must be at least 200 mA.

4.5. Power line connector

The inverter contains a connector for connecting the inverter to an 230 V, 50 Hz electricity network.
The terminals on the connector are marked as follows: L and N. The PE terminal is marked with the earth
symbol .
PE N
L
ps100-30-1
Fig. 4.1. View of the mains connector
Remember to carry out voltage-free installation work. Otherwise there is a risk of electric shock that
is dangerous to health and life.
Pictures 4.2 - 4.4 below show the subsequent stages of connector preparation. Picture 4.5 shows how to
disconnect the connector.
To the inverter
Power supply wire ps100-26.3en
Fig. 4.2. Preparing the connector

Tightening torque
typ. 4+1 Nm
ps100-27-1en
Fig. 4.3. Closing the connector
ps100-28-1
Fig. 4.4. Connecting the connector to the inverter
Attention: Fig. 4.3 and 4.4 show connectors for a 3-phase network. However, the principle of mounting
connectors for the network 1-phase is the same.

ps100-29-1
Fig. 4.5. Unlocking and separating the connector
Note: if you need to disconnect the connector, remember to latch - 1. in Fig. 4.5.
4.6. Installation position

The inverter is designed to be installed vertically on a vertical wall (±15 degree) with connectors facing
downwards. The inverter is not designed to be installed in any others positions, especially:
◦ in horizontal position,
◦ on sloping surface,
◦ when connectors facing downwards,
◦ on the ceiling,
◦ overhangs with its connection sockets facing upwards.
First, fix the mounting plate with 4 screws. Then hang the inverter on this board and secure it with two
screws and an optional padlock.
ps100-13-1
Fig. 4.6. Wall mounting

4.7. Power circuit terminals
Figures 5.1 - 6.2 show an electrical diagram of power cables connections. The power electric circuit is
connected to the terminal strip, which is located on the bottom plate of the device. On it there are also fuse s
of a value depending on the inverter power - Table 4.1.
Blow of fuse can be caused by incorrect operation of the inverter or connected to it electric circuits.
Replacing the fuse without analysing the cause of the failure may result in more severe damage to the
inverter that is not covered by the warranty. For this reason, the replacement of fuse can only be done by the
manufacturer's service.
Access to the power circuit terminals is obtained by removing the front cover of the inverter.
Table 4.1. Internal DC and power supply lines fuses values

Internal DC protection fuse Fuse protection from
PS100
(RESs side) electrical grid side
1 kW 12A DC B16
3 kW 16A DC B20
5.5 kW 2 x 16A DC B32

Chapter 5. ON-GRID installation
5. ON-GRID installation
Applies to:
• PS100-WT,
• PS100-PV,
• PS100-H.
DO NOT MAKE ANY CONNECTIONS WHEN AN ELECTRICAL VOLTAGE IS

PROVIDED TO THE INVERTER!
THE VOLTAGE SOURCE MAY BE BETWEEN OTHER:
PV PANELS, GENERATOR, ELECTRIC NETWORK, BATTERIES, EXTERNAL

CONTROL CIRCUITS.
INSTALLATION, MAINTENANCE AND MAINTENANCE OF INVERTER TECHNICAL

PERFORMANCE MAY ONLY BE CARRIED OUT BY A PERSON WHO HAVE
APPROPRIATE QUALIFICATIONS AND HAVE SUFFICIENT KNOWLEDGE IN THE
OPERATION OF ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS.
INCORRECT INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE OF THE TECHNICAL

PERFORMANCE OF THE APPLIANCE MAY CAUSE DANGER TO LIFE, HUMAN
HEALTH, LOSS OF PROPERTY, OR IRREVERSIBLE DAMAGE TO THE
APPLIANCE.
There are two kind of inputs from the Renewable Energy Sources side:
• WT input (AC voltage input): permanent magnet synchronous generator input – used for
PS100-WT and PS100-H inverters;
• PV1, PV2 inputs (DC voltage inputs): photovoltaic panels input – used for PS100-PV and
PS100-H inverters.
Installation operations must be carried out in accordance with chapter 5.1, 5.2, 5.3. After their execution,
the inverter will be ready for autonomous operation without user intervention.
The user can obtain information about the current state of the device by website www.inverters.pl (see
chapter 11 Inverter Monitoring System via “www.inverters.pl” on page 45), using the communication bus
(RS-485, Ethernet) or directly from the control panel. Detailed description of communication configuration
with the inverter can be found in chapter 10 Communication parameters setting on page 43.
ATTENTION:
When installing the inverter, it should be remembered that the electric circuit on the generator or PV
panel side must be galvanically separated from the power line supply. Additional measurement circuits
between the generator and the inverter must also comply with this principle. Otherwise, the inverter it can
work incorrectly or even damage that will not be covered by the warranty.

5.1. Inverter with WT generator input
R Wind turbine with
PS100-WT TWERD
synchronous
generator
Emergency
STOP
REZYSTORY GENERATOR PE L N
PS100-02-3-EN
Generator’s dump Electrical grid

load resistors Fuse protection L,N: 230V 50Hz
Fig. 5.1. Power circuits wiring diagram for PS100-WT inverter
When connecting a three-phase permanent magnet generator, the following sequence should be followed:
1. Switch On the Emergency STOP.
2. Unscrew the inverter cover by 4 screws.
3. Connect the generator wires to GENERATOR terminal strip.
4. Connect the generator load resistors to RESISTOR terminal strip.
5. Be sure that there is no dangerous voltage on wires(!) and then connect to L,N,PE terminal strip the
electrical line.
6. Switch On the power from public electric side.
7. Set the inverter parameters: load characteristic in group 3, breaking parameters in group 10, the
point of start and stop of generator in parameters: 2.1, 1.20 i 1.21. Detailed description is placed in
chapter 8.
8. Refasten the inverter cover by four screws.
9. Switch OFF the Emergency STOP.
10. Wait a while to ensure that inverter did not signal the fault.

5.2. Inverter with PV input
PS100-PV TWERD
PE L N
PV1 PV2
(MPPT 1) (MPPT 2)
PV2 input is available Connection point

Protection from the
at 5.5kW to the electricity grid
ps100-03-3 electrical grid
L,N: 230V 50Hz
Fig. 5.2. Power circuits wiring diagram for PS100-PV inverter
When connecting photovoltaic panels, follow the order of steps below:

1. Set the PV switch to OFF.
2. Connect the power supply cables to the terminals L, N, PE (potential free).
3. Measure the voltage of solar panels and their polarization.
4. Connect the solar panels to the dedicated PV connectors.
5. Switch on the inverter power supply from the mains side.
6. Set the PV switch to ON.
7. Wait a moment to check that the device is not detecting a failure.

5.3. Hybrid inverter with AC (PMSG) and DC (PV) inputs
R
Wind turbine
with a
PS100-H TWERD
synchronous
generator
Emergency
stop
RESISTOR GENERATOR. PE L N
.
PV
Connection point
Generator load Protection from the to the electricity grid
ps100-04.2 resistors electrical grid L,N: 230V 50Hz
Fig. 5.3. Power circuits wiring diagram for PS100-H inverter
When connecting photovoltaic panels and a synchronous generator to a hybrid inverter follow the order of
steps below:
1. Short the generator windings through an external emergency stop.
3. Remove the 4 screws securing the inverter cover.
4. Connect the generator cables to the terminals described GENERATOR.
5. Connect the leads of the generator braking resistors to the terminals described RESISTORS in
emergency situations.
6. Connect the electric network cables (voltage free) to the L, N, PE terminals.
7. Switch on the inverter power supply from the mains side.
8. Set the system parameters: load characteristics in group 3, braking parameters in group 10 and specify
the generator's starting and stopping load in parameters: 2.1, 1.20 and 1.21. A detailed description of
the inverter operation can be found in chapter 8.
9. Screw in the inverter cover.
12. Turn off the emergency stop on the generator.
14. Wait two minutes to check if the device is detecting a failure .

Chapter 6. OFF-GRID installation
6. OFF-GRID installation
This chapter applies to the following systems:
• PS100-WT + BAT
• PS100-PV + BAT
• PS100-H + BAT
The above inverters, after retrofitting with the PS100-INT module, can additionally work in mode 2: auto on-
off-grid.
DO NOT MAKE ANY CONNECTIONS WHEN AN ELECTRICAL VOLTAGE IS

PROVIDED TO THE INVERTER!
THE VOLTAGE SOURCE MAY BE BETWEEN OTHER:
PV PANELS, GENERATOR, ELECTRIC NETWORK, BATTERIES, EXTERNAL

CONTROL CIRCUITS.
INSTALLATION, MAINTENANCE AND MAINTENANCE OF INVERTER TECHNICAL

PERFORMANCE MAY ONLY BE CARRIED OUT BY A PERSON WHO HAVE
APPROPRIATE QUALIFICATIONS AND HAVE SUFFICIENT KNOWLEDGE IN THE
OPERATION OF ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS.
INCORRECT INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE OF THE TECHNICAL

PERFORMANCE OF THE APPLIANCE MAY CAUSE DANGER TO LIFE, HUMAN
HEALTH, LOSS OF PROPERTY, OR IRREVERSIBLE DAMAGE TO THE
APPLIANCE.
There are two types of entries from the side of the renewable electricity source:
• AC input: synchronous generator input (wind farm, hydro power plant), used in PS100-WT +
BAT, PS100-H + BAT systems;
• DC input: PV solar panel input used in PS100-PV + BAT, PS100-H + BAT systems.
Depending on the type of inverter you have, installation and commissioning should be carried out in
accordance with the following sections (6.1, 6.2, 6.3).
After their completion, the inverter will be ready for autonomous operation without user intervention.
The user can only obtain information on the current status of the device via communication buses (RS-485,
Ethernet) or directly from the panel. Detailed description of communication configuration with inverter is in
chapter 11.
ATTENTION:
1. When installing the inverter, remember that the electrical circuit from the generator or PV panel side
must be galvanically separated from the grid. Additional measuring circuits connected between the
generator and inverter must also comply with this principle. Otherwise, the system may malfunction
and even damage, which will not be covered by the warranty.
2. In off-grid mode, consider the need to connect the PE conductor to the N terminal of the inverter - to
provide protection against electric shock.

6.1. Inverter with the WT generator input
R
Wind turbine
with a
PS100-WT+BAT TWERD
synchronous
generator
Emergency
Stop
RESISTOR GENERATOR PE L N - +
- +
Battery
230V, 50Hz:
Genereator load Connection point to
Protection from the
resistor the electricity grid
ps100-05-3 grid
Fig. 6.1. Power circuits wiring diagram for PS100-WT+BAT inverter
When connecting a three-phase permanent magnet generator, the following sequence should be followed:
4. Connect the leads of the generator braking resistors to the terminals described RESISTORS
in emergency situations.
5. Connect electrical loads to terminals L, N, PE.
6. Connect the earth electrode to the PE terminal and connect the N and PE terminals together.
7. Connect the battery observing the safety rules described in section 12 Battery charger module on page
49.
8. Set operating mode 0: "Off-grid" or 2: "auto on-off-grid" in parameter 1.1.
Note: for operation in mode 2: "auto on-off-grid" it is required to connect the PS100-INT module.
9. Set the system parameters: load characteristics in group 3, braking parameters in group 10 and specify
the generator's starting and stopping load in parameters: 2.1, 1.20 and 1.21. A detailed description of
the inverter operation can be found in chapter 8.
10. Screw the inverter cover.
11. Turn off the generator emergency stop.

6.2. Inverter with PV photovoltaic panels input
PS100-PV+BAT TWERD
PE L N - +
PV1 PV2
(MPPT 1) (MPPT 2)
- +
BATTERY
230V, 50Hz:
Grid connection point
Second PV input is Protection from the
ps100-06-3 available only in 5.5kW grid
Fig. 6.2. Power circuits wiring diagram for PS100-PV+BAT inverter
When connecting photovoltaic panels, follow the order of steps below:

7. Connect the battery observing the safety rules described in section 13…. describing the charger
module.
9. Screw in the inverter cover.
11. Wait a moment to check if the device is detecting a failure.

6.3. Hybrid inverter with WT generator and PV photovoltaic panels inputs
R
Wind turbine
with a
PS100-H+BAT TWERD
synchronous
generator
Emergency
stop
RESISTOR GENERATOR PE L N - +
PV
- +
BATTERY
230V, 50Hz:
Generator load Connection point to
Protection of grid the electricity grid
ps100-07-3 resistors
Fig. 6.3. Power circuits wiring diagram for PS100-H+BAT inverter
When connecting solar panels and a synchronous generator, the following sequence should be followed:
5. Connect the leads of the generator braking resistors to the terminals described RESISTORS in
emergency situations.
8. Connect the battery observing the safety rules described in section 12 describing the charger module.
10. Set the system parameters: load characteristics in group 3, braking parameters in group 10 and
specify the generator's starting and stopping load in parameters: 2.1, 1.20 and 1.21. A detailed
description of the inverter operation is in chapter 8.
11. Screw the cover of the inverter.
14. Turn off the generator emergency stop.

Chapter 7. Built-in control panel
7. Built-in control panel

After turning the system on, it will initialize and the screen will take its initial state: basic view. Access to the
keys is obtained after removing the front cover of the inverter. The <OK>, <ESC>, <up>, <down>, <right>
and <left> keys are used to navigate the menu and to change parameter settings – see chapter 7.2.
Warning! Be especially careful due to the possibility of electric shock!
Access to the control panel is obtained after removing the front cover of the
inverter. After disassembling the front cover of the inverter, at the same
time, access to elements that are, under the conditions of normal inverter
operation, under the electrical voltage dangerous to life and health (active
parts) is obtained.
Removing the front cover of the inverter (when the electric voltage is supplied to the
device both from the network side and the generator side) and changing the settings can
only be made by a person with appropriate electrical qualifications.
ps100-16.1
Fig. 7.1. Control panel
Table 7.1. Status diodes

Diode colour Type of light Description
LEDs off, the display shows basic Too low inverter input power, inverter in
None
information energy saving mode
Flashing light Inverter is ready to work
Green
Continuous light Inverter is working
Red Continuous light Fault

7.1. Information displayed on the operator panel without removing the inverter cover
The information displayed on the Operator Panel changes cyclically (screens 1 - 6) without user intervention.
Those screened parameters are:
• Screen 1: producer logo, date and time.

• Screen 2:daily generated electrical energy graph.
0.4k
0.3k
2019.11.21 0.2k
07:08:02 0.1k
0.0k
TODAY
Fig. 7.2. Screen 1 Fig. 7.3. Screen 2
• Screen 3: if inverter detects any fault, failure screen will appear and display present failure “Fault
the previous fault “Previous Fault”
• Screen 4: the input voltages and currents values of the inverter.
Fault
098 Observer
Voltage 1 0V
low voltage Current 1 0.0A
Previous Fault
000 No
Voltage 2 0V
fault Current 2 0.9A
Fig. 7.4. Screen 3 Fig. 7.5. Screen 4
• Screen 5:
• Total generated energy from first run-up to present.
• Present output power.
• Present output current.
• Temperature of inverter.
• Velocity of wind.
Energy 333 kWh

Pow out 0W
Curr out 0.0 A
Temp. 25 C
Wind V 0.0 m/s
Fig. 7.6. Screen 5

• Screen 6 – inverters with build-in battery charger module:

• Battery voltage.
• Battery current.
• Temperature of battery charging module.
Bat. vol. 48.9 V

Bat. current 0.0 A
Bat. temp 25 C
Fig. 7.7. Screen 6
7.2. Operating the control panel using buttons

After removing the cover, the buttons are accessed.
To enter the „Main menu”, press the <OK> key. To navigate in the „main menu”, use the <up> <down> and
<right> <left> keys. The highlighted option is selected by pressing the <OK> key, the return to the „main
menu” is done by pressing the <ESC> key.
ENERGY CHART
SETTINGS
Fig. 7.8. Main menu
If it is necessary to change the parameter settings from password protected groups, first select: Settings →
Service and enter the code: 123321.
• Energy menu
◦ "Total" - total energy generated since the inverter was connected to the grid
◦ "Now" - instantaneous power generated
Total 333 kWh

Now 0W
Fig. 7.9. „Energy” menu

• Chart menu - users could enter any specific date than check on the graphics input and output power
values for that day.
• Settings menu - there is a four submenus: PARAMETERS, CLOCK, COMMUNICATION, SERVICE.
CHART
Year: 2020 PARAMETERS CLOCK
Month: 01
Day: 09 COMM SERVICE
Fig. 7.10. Menu „Chart” Fig. 7.11. Menu „Settings”
• PARAMETERS - users are able to see and set value of parameters - except group 0 which
shows read-only parameters. Rest of the parameters are secured by access code. To
access these protected parameters enter the 123321 access code in SETTINGS →
SERVICEmenu, than choose again SETTINGS → PARAMETERS menu.
A full list of parameters is listed in chapter 13. Groups of parameters on page 53.
• CLOCK menu - settings related to date and time settings:

◦ Manual / ntp: set time and date manually "Manual" or automatically "ntp".
The "ntp" automatic setting requires access to the Internet.
◦ Time zone
◦ Summer time: EU – automatic summer / winter time change
none – no summer / winter time change
◦ Ntp update h: time of the day at which inverter will synchronize once a day the date and
time with the Ntp server
◦ Set clock: available when the Manual/ntp setting is set to Manual
◦ Ntp server – allows to enter the Ntp server address
◦ Ntp force - immediate force synchronization of date and time
2019.10.13 07:54:44
Manual/ntp ntp
Time zone +01:00
Summer time EU
Ntp update h 22 2019:10:13
Set clock 07:54:02
Ntp server
Ntp force
Fig. 7.12. CLOCK Menu Fig. 7.13. Setting time and date
NTP adres 1
pool.ntp.org
NTP adres 2
pool.ntp.org
Fig. 7.14. Ntp server address

• COMMUNICATION menu - users able to set RS485 and Ethernet communication settings
RS485 ETHERNET
WIFI
Fig. 7.15. COMM menu
Modbus ID 12 IP 192.168.001.100
Baud 38400 SubN 255.255.255.000
Stop Bit 1 bit GW 192.168.001.001
DHCP Wlaczone
TOUT 30
TYPE Modbus
Fig. 7.16. RS485 menu Fig. 7.17. ETHERNET menu

• SERVICE menu - users and authorized technical service members could enter access codes
and get access to related secured levels.
7.3. Updating the Control panel software
1. Disconnect the inverter from the renewable energy source (photovoltaic panels, wind generator).
Connect the USB micro cable to the J2 USB micro connector. Connect the other end of the cable to
your computer. Supply the inverter from the 230V 50 Hz network via terminals L, N, PE
(see Fig. 4.1).
J2
MIKRO USB
Fig. 7.18. View of the Control Panel prepared for software update

2. In the menu follow the Settings → Communication → RS485 than:
- Set modbus address to: 12
- Set baud rate to: 38400
Modbus ID 12
Baud 38400
Stop Bit 1 bit
Fig. 7.19. Menu „Comm”
3. Start the PS100 program. COM ports will be automatically detected.
4. The program will search for the connected inverter and display its ID number.
5. Select the "Start updating application" button - the new software upload process will start.
6. The software update process takes about 3 minutes. After it finishes, it will restart.
Note: If the program stops responding, close the program and restart it.
Fig. 7.20. View of the PS100 program window

Chapter 8. The first run
8. The first run

The device is intended for loading solar panels or / and a permanent magnet synchronous generator. The
system is equipped with the following energy conversion blocks:
• AC / DC / DC: diode rectifier with BOOST converter from the generator side,
• DC / DC: BOOST converter from the side of PV panels,
• DC / AC: active rectifier AcR (active rectifier) working from the side of the power grid (on-grid mode) or
local electrical loads (off-grid mode).
The BOOST converter enables obtaining electricity in a wide range of voltages: from 60 to 450 Vdc. The start
voltage is specified in the service parameter 1.20 The load for photovoltaic panels is based on the maximum
power point tracking algorithm (MPPT) implemented in the device, inverters with two PV inputs have two
independent tracking algorithms.
8.1. Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) and Global Maximum Power Point Tracking (GMPPT)
PS100-PV and PS100-H inverters with PV input (DC voltage input) are using Maximum Power Point
Tracking (MPPT) algorithm. This algorithm constantly analyzes the voltage-current characteristic of a PV
panels and adjusting the load current in such a way as to obtain the greatest possible power from the system
- Fig. 8.1
Under the partial-shading condition, the voltage-current characteristic of a PV panels is different - instead of
having a single maximum power point (MPP), they exhibit multiple MPPs - Fig. 8.2. For this reason, in order
to work at the global maximum point, it may be necessary to enable the global maximum power point
tracking (GMPPT) algorithm, which will allow for greater efficiency of the system.
The user can set the GMPPT scan time in parameter 10.14. The optimal setting is 5 minutes.
Default the GMMPT is switched OFF.
It is recommended to use the GMPPT algorithm only under conditions of possible partial shading. If partial
shading does not occur, using the GMPPT algorithm will decrease overall system efficiency by up to 2%.
Current
Power
Current
Power
ps100-24b.2
ps100-24a.2 Fig. 8.2. Voltage-current characteristic – partial

Fig. 8.1. Voltage-current characteristic – no shading shading conditions
conditions

8.2. 16 point load characteristic of a synchronous generator

PS100-WT and PS100-H inverters with WT input (AC voltage input) inverters set the load based on the
16-point load characteristic:
I = f(w)
where: w – generator frequency,
I – current limit [%] in relation to nominal current set in par. 3.30.
Points (w,I) are set by user using the “control panel” in the group 3. A superior current limit is imposed on the
characteristic curve (par. 3.9 „DC curr limit 2”), the maximum value of which results from the technical
capabilities of the device. However, you can set the lower values by trimming the characteristics as in the
figure below.
Current [A]
(par. 12.17)
ps100-17-1-EN Generator frequency [Hz]
Fig. 8.3. 16-point characteristic I = f(w) with superior current limit
8.3. Start/Stop command

The START / STOP command is executed automatically when the DC input voltage will exceed voltage
thresholds responsible for it:
a) Par. 1.20 (group 1, parameter 20) "Autostart Volt" – rectified voltage from the RES input side
(renewable energy source side: synchronous generators or PV panels) above which the inverter will
start operation (if it was in the STOP state) and begin to transfer energy to the electrical grid.
b) Par. 1.21 (group 1, parameter 21) "Autostop Volt” – rectified voltage from the RES input side
below which the inverter ceases to transfer energy to the mains and goes into sleep mode. If the
input voltage remains below this level for the time specified in par. 1.11 this inverter will go into a
deep sleep state.
Sleep state: the mains voltage maintains the voltage in the batteries of the intermediate circuit
capacitors, the inverter is ready to start working in a few seconds.
Deep sleep state: the inverter's intermediary circuit is disconnected from the mains, it may take
about 1 ÷ 2 min to start working. In this mode, energy consumption is less than in sleep mode.

8.4. Dump load resistors

Dump load resistors (not supplied) should be connected to proper terminals – see suitable Fig. from section
5 or 6.The dump load resistors relays have switching capacity in the category AC1: 30A.
Dump load resistors resistors will be switch on in four cases:
a) generator’s RMS voltage will exceed the value from the parameter 10.2 (U RMS gen. ham.),
b) generator’s frequency will exceed the value set in the parameter 10.3 (Czest. gen. ham.),
c) the lack of an electrical grid,
d) during a failure.
8.5. The internal process of switching ON the inverter in on-grid mode

• After connecting to the electrical grid, the inverter with PV inputs monitors the panel voltage; the
inverter with generator input first disconnects the load dump resistors and starts to monitor the
generator voltage and frequency.
• The inverter checks whether the voltage and frequency of the network is correct.
• By collecting energy from a source connected to the input, it increases the voltage in the DC circuit
to the level suitable for switching on the power network.
• Performs synchronization with the electrical grid.
• If the voltage received from the renewable source is high enough (threshold defined by parameter
1.20), the MPPT algorithm starts and the solar panels load according to the MPPT algorithm or
generator according to the curve introduced in group 3. The obtained electricity is sent to the
electrical grid.
8.6. The internal process of switching the inverter off-grid

The device works autonomously, requires no maintenance.
The internal switching process is as follows:
• After connecting the batteries, the system increases the voltage in the DC circuit to a value that
allows the generation of 230V AC RMS voltage.
• In the case of a photovoltaic input, it monitors the voltage of the panels, while in the case of a
generator input it disconnects the load resistors and begins to monitor the voltage and frequency of
the generator.
• Taking energy from renewable sources, the inverter directs it to electrical loads first. When the
available electrical power exceeds the demand for electrical loads, the process of charging the
batteries connected to the inverter occurs.
In a situation where the demand for electric power by the load exceeds the power generated by
renewable sources, the inverter turns into the battery discharge mode.

Chapter 9. Digital inputs and outputs
9. Digital inputs and outputs

The inverter has 5 digital inputs 5Vdc, R IN > 300Ω and 3 relay outputs with 2A switching power 230Vac. On
the digital inputs terminal block there is also 5Vdc voltage terminal available to operate digital inputs and any
external devices with a maximum current consumption of 50mA.
Fig. 9.1 shows the view of the terminal blocks on the PS100-WT inverter. To view the status of digital inputs
and outputs enter the I/O PREVIEW in the MAIN MENU of the inverter.
Jumpers Z1...Z4 should be

Z3 Z4 Z1 Z2
closed if the inverter is the last
one on communication bus.
K3 K2 K1
ETHERNET
5VDC
AGND
5VDC
GND
GND
GND
IN_A
DI_5
DI_3
DI_2
DI_4
DI_1
A(+)
A(+)
OuA
B(-)
B(-)
1234567 123 456 1234567 1234

Digital inputs Relay outputs
– for general uses
Ethernet network
- only for service
D1...D5 K1...K3
- only for service

(max. 2A
Modbus RTU
Analog In/Out
Modbus RTU
Output 5Vdc 230Vac)

purposes
(max. 50mA)
purposes
ps100-14-2-en
Fig. 9.1. Digital inputs and outputs terminals -PS100
By default the inverter uses three relay outputs K1, K2, K3 to adjust the frequency of the generator if the
wind turbine is equipped with a tail and digital input DI_2 for operating an optional anemometer
(anemometer) - see chapter 9.2 Anemometer on page 42.

9.1. Generator load control

The PS100 inverter, in addition to the turbine run-out protection, is adapted to regulate the frequency of the
generator (and thus the power generated) by switching ON the dump load resistors.
Fig. 9.2. The principle of controlling the dump load resistors shows the principle of controlling the dump load
resistors.
fgen
10.3
t
TH
Switch ON Switch OFF
ps100-19-3-en electrical grid electrical grid
Fig. 9.2. The principle of controlling the dump load resistors
The inverter continuously measures the frequency and voltage of the generator, and compares them to the
saved settings in the inverter's memory (group 10).
To prevent the generator from detaching, use dump load resistors. Parameter 10.3 determines the frequency
threshold of the generator above which the resistors are switched ON for the braking time T H, in which the
frequency of the generator drops below the threshold value reduced o hysteresis specified in parameter
10.5, however not shorter than the time set in parameter 10.4.
Additionally the inverter can react to exceeding the voltage thresholds. Parameter 10.2 is used to determine
the voltage level that triggers the activation of load resistors.
In the event of any failure, the system switch ON the dump load resistors.
Table 9.1. Control of the dump load resistors - group 10 (service group, password protected)
No. Name Description
2 "U RMS gen. hamt. [V] Generator RMS voltage from which the "Resistors" load is connected
3 Gen. break. freq. [Hz] Generator frequency from which the "Resistors" load is attached
4 Min. gen. break [s] Minimum switching ON time of a dump load resistors
5 Break hist. off [%] Hysteresis specified in % in relation to the values given in paremeters
10.1 and 10.2

9.2. Anemometer
The inverter works with anemometer with open collector type (OC) output or reed relay output. The
maximum frequency must be less than 1 kHz. It is possible to get a supply voltage to anemometer from the
5Vdc output, provided that the maximum load current of 50mA is not exceeded. Fig. 9.3. Wiring diagram of
the anemometer shows the connection diagram of the anemometer on the example of the Fardata NP-3.
In order to correctly measure the wind speed, it is necessary to enter wind speed [m/s] corresponding to 10
pulses / second in parameter 10.6. This value is given by the manufacturer of the anemometer (ex. 1.5). The
current wind speed is showed in par. 0.31.
2kΩ resistor PS100-WT

inside inverter
PS100-H
5VDC
GND
DI_4
DI_2
DI_5
DI_3
DI_1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
VCC
OUT
GND
ps100-18-1-en
Anemometer NP-3
Fig. 9.3. Wiring diagram of the anemometer
9.3. Storm Protection
In our inverter we have a storm protection. Users are able to set dedicated parameters for the storm
protection. Storm protection system works through these parameters:
• P. 10.48 In this parameter users could set maximum velocity of wind for the storm protection
threshold.
• P. 10.49 In this parameter users could set time of storm protection threshold.
When the system detect above velocity than set, K3 contactor turning off and dump load is turning on. When
the set time up, storm protection getting deactivated and process repeats to check wind velocity. If wind
velocity still above of the storm protection threshold, system repeats same process.
9.4. Remote Output Stop Order
User could connect and use an external switch to control inverter. Switch must be connected to DI_1(6) and
5VDC sockets(7).
• When the switch is open; inverter works.
• When the switch is close; inverter stops, K3 contactor switching off, output relays switching off and if
the inverter is for the wind turbine, dump load is switching on.
PS100-PV
PS100-W T
PS100-H
5VDC
GND
DI_5
DI_4
DI_3
DI_2
DI_1
1 2 3 4 5 67
ps100-25.2
S
Fig. 9.4. Remote stop of the inverter

Chapter 10. Communication parameters setting
10. Communication parameters setting

The PS100 inverter is equipped with the RS-485 communication interface and the Ethernet port. This allows
the inverter to be controlled by a computer or an external controller. Basic features and the possibilities are:
RS-485:
• communication speed: 2400, 4800, 9600, 19200, 38400, 57600, 115200 bit/s,
• 8 data bits, lack of parity control; 1 or 2 stop bits,
• transfer protocol: MODBUS mode RTU,
• checking of transfer validity by CRC,
• ModBus address (default 1),
• support of MODBUS commands: command 3 - “read the register” - allows to read individual
registers from the inverter or block of up to 123 registers. Command 6 - “register write” -
allow to write to individual register in the inverter. Command 16 - “n register write” - allow to
write block of up to 123 register to inverter.
Ethernet:
• transmission protocol: MODBUS,
• default port of communication: 502,
• internal web page with basic information
• ModBus address (default 1),
• support of MODBUS commands: command 3 - “read the register” - allows to read individual
registers from the converter or block of up to 123 registers. Command 6 - “register write” -
allow to write to individual register in the converter. Command 16 - “n register write” - allow
to write block of up to 123 register to inverter.
All operations are based on the MODBUS RTU / TCP protocol commands 3 and 6 and they are described in
publications on MODBUS protocol.
Addressing is done by querying the 4xxyy parameter, where xx - group number, yy - parameter number. For
example, if you want to read parameter 0.3 - the frequency of the network, you should inquire about the
address 40003. Modification of the parameter using command 6 is only possible after unlocking access to
password protected groups – see chapter 7.2 Operating the control panel using buttons on page 33
Network cable requirements:

The cable length and quality affect the quality of the signal. Observe the following cable
requirements.
 Cable type: 100BaseTx
 Cable category: minimum CAT5e
 Plug type: RJ45 of Cat5, Cat5e or higher
 Shielding: SF/UTP, S/UTP, SF/FTP or S/FTP
 Number of insulated conductor pairs and insulated conductor cross-section: at least 2 x 2 x 0.22mm²
 Maximum cable length between two nodes when using patch cables: 50 m (164 ft)
 Maximum cable length between two nodes when using installation cables: 100 m (328 ft)
 UV-resistant for outdoor use.

Chapter 10. Communication parameters setting
10.1. Connecting the inverter to the Internet

Parameters configuring the connection of the inverter to the Internet are presented in Table 10.1. The
inverter can work with dynamic DHCP address assignment enabled or disabled. The changes are made in
the Settings → Communication → Ethernet menu:
a. DHCP enabled: configuration parameters (IP address, subnet mask and gateway address)
will be assigned automatically by an external DHCP server.
b. DHCP disabled: parameters configuring the inverter to work on the Internet must be entered
manually:
IP: IP address
SubN: subnet mask address
GW: gateway address
Current settings of the parameters configuring the inverter's work in the Internet are also available for
reading in 0 group of parameters (menu: SETTINGS → PARAMETERS) - Table 10.1.
Table 10.1. Control of the dump load resistors - group 10 (service group, password protected)
Parameter No Parameter Access level Description
name
0.80 Eth. IP 1 O IP Address
0.84 Eth. MASK 1 O Subnet Mask
0.88 Eth. GW 1 O Gateway
10.2. Communication via Json file

Inverter parameters can be presented in JSON file format and used for data presentation in other monitoring
systems. To obtain data in JSON format, send a request to the inverter in the form:
htttp://Inverter_ip_address/command.
Below is a list of available commands:
http://IP_Address/dataNow – realtime inverter parameter values read from group 0,
http://IP_Address/plotNow – data for the chart from today,
http://IP_Address/plotPrev – data for the chart from the previous day.
Data available on the charts are recorded at 15-minute intervals.
Due to the necessity of querying the inverter's ip address, it is recommended to set a static IP address - see
chapter 10.1 Connecting the inverter to the Internet page 44.

Chapter 11. Inverter Monitoring System via “www.inverters.pl”
11. Inverter Monitoring System via “www.inverters.pl”
11.1. Creating an user account
When you enter the www.inverters.pl web site,

on the main page click to “Zarejestruj sie” and:
1-Define an username.
2-Enter e-mail address.
3-Define a password.
4-Re-enter password.
5-Click to “załóż konto”
After creating an account go back to main page

for signing in.
11.2. Login
1-Enter user name.

2-Enter password.
3-For log-in click to “zaloguj”
11.3. Adding the inverter to the system to

monitor its operation
Adding inverters to the system for remote
monitoring;
Click to “dodaj urzadzenie”
1 - Enter the serial number(Nr seryjny) of the

device.
2 - Enter the hash admin numbers.
3 - For register click to “Zarejestruj”
Note: Serial number and hash admin numbers will be attached on the user manual.

After whole processes users are able to monitoring their devices via www.inverters.pl web site.

1 On this label users can see registered inverters and when you click one of them you can see details of
inverter on the main screen.
2 Users can check any previous specific date parameters by entering date and clicking to
“wyswietl dane z dnia”
3 Users can check last week parameter chart by clicking to “ostatni tydzien”
4 Users can check any monthly chartered datas. To see montly chart by “+” and “-“ buttons can set month
and click to upper button “miesiac …”
5 Users can check any yearly chartered datas. To see yearly chart by “+” and “-“ buttons can set month
and click to upper button “rok …”
6 Clicking by “moc calkowita” users could see total power chart
7 Clicking by “string 1” users could see power chart of string 1
10 Clicking by “pred. wiatru” users could see wind speed chart
11 Clicking by “F turbiny” users could see frequency of wind turbine chart
12 From first run-up to present total energy generation
13 Present wind speed
14 Present voltage value of input 1
15 Present current value of input 1
16 Present power value of input 1
17 Present voltage value of input 2
18 Present current value of input 2
19 Present power value of input 2
20 Present frequency of wind turbine
21 Energy on a selected day
22 To register new inverter
11.4. Account Settings
1 - In this menu users can change account password.

2 - In this menu users replace name of inverter. To change the name of inverter user should choose related
inverter and insert the box new name than click to save button “zmien zaznaczone”.
3 - Nazwy grup - users can see and manage created inverter groups.

4 - Tworzenie grup: users can create a group and add inverters to the group. To create a group of inverters
user should choose related inverters and insert the box group name than click to save button “utworz
grupe”.
1-Here(usuwanie grup) users could delete group.

2-Here(lokalizacja) users could change the localization details of inverters. To change the localization of
inverter user should choose related inverter and insert the box new localization than click to save button
“zmien zaznaczone”.

Chapter 12. Battery charger module
12. Battery charger module

12.1. General information
The following systems are equipped with the battery charging module:
• PS100-WT+BAT,
• PS100-PV+BAT,
• PS100-H+BAT.
Table 12.1. Charger module specifications

No. Name of the parameter Value
1 Nominal battery voltage 48 V dc
2 Nominal charging/discharging current 50 A dc
3 Charger topology transformerless
!!! ATTENTION. RISK OF ELECTRIC SHOCK !!!
Due to the use of transformerless topology of the charger, and thus the connection of the
negative pole of the battery to the DC circuit of the inverter, the battery terminals on the
batteries are life-threatening and health electrical voltage.
It is forbidden to touch the battery terminals because it may endanger you electric
shock!
Moreover:
1. It is forbidden to ground the battery poles. This may result in irreversible damage to the inverter
and will void the warranty.
2. Additional measuring circuits connected to the accumulator battery must be galvanically
separated from the power grid and the inverter's I / O. Otherwise, the system may malfunction
and even damage, which will not be covered by the warranty.
3. Charging and discharging of the attached battery takes place in two stages: initially it is work at
constant current, then work at constant voltage. The process of charging and discharging the
battery is shown in Fig. 12.1. It also indicates the parameters determining the maximum battery
charging and discharging current and voltage thresholds at their terminals.

UBAT IBAT
voltage on the battery terminals battery current
par. 10.5
par. 10.6
0 [A]
par. 10.4
par. 10.7
constant constant t
constant current constant current
voltage voltage
charging discharging
ps100-08-1_en
charging discharging
Fig. 12.1. Battery charging and discharging process
Note:
1. It was assumed that during the battery charging process the current value is negative. This is shown
in Fig. 12.1, where during the charging process the current curve is below 0A. Also on the display, in
the parameter 0.41 a negative value of the charger current means the battery charging process, and
a positive value means the discharge process.
2. The module also allows you to connect a resistor in the DC circuit as an additional electricity receiver
for the PS100-WT + BAT and PS100H + BAT systems, in which the wind energy is the source of
electricity. This resistor is activated when the batteries are fully charged in order to load the
generator and to avoid excessive speed and damage. The DC voltage level above which the resistor
will switch on is set by the parameter. 5.1.
3. The system is equipped with a hardware protection that protects connected battery banks against
deep discharge. The principle of the system consists in monitoring the voltage at the battery
terminals and turning off the charger module when the voltage drops below 39V. The power
consumption will be limited to 50A.
4. In the situation when the charger module is not operating, check the voltage at the terminals of the
connected battery. If the voltage is lower than 40V, it means that the inverter turned into mode for
battery protection against deep discharge. In this situation, disconnect the battery from the inverter
and charge it using external charger or replace it with a new one.

12.2. Possible operation scenarios

The inverter equipped with the battery charging module can work in one of the following scenarios (or their
combinations) previously programmed at the manufacturer's:
1. The "on-grid bat" system

The inverter is connected to the mains. Charging the connected battery is a priority. Energy electric
power is transferred first from the Renewable Energy Sources (RES) to the connected batteries.
Transmission of energy to the grid begins only when the power from RES is greater than what can be
recharged or when the batteries are fully recharged.
This mode of operation is recommended for consumers who want to use energy accumulated in batteries.
2. The "on-grid" system with the "Energy guard" module

The system synchronizes with the electrical grid, but manages the energy in such a way as to avoid its
transmission further than the connection point to the electrical grid. The system is intended for customers
who do not plan to sell electricity to the mains, but only use it for their own needs.
Renewable
Inverter Module
sources of
PS100 „Energy guard”
electricity
Grid connection
point
Rechargeable
Electrical meter
battery
ps100-10-2
Fig. 12.2. Energy transfer scenarion with „on-grid” operation with „Energy guard” module
Operation principle: inverter based on data received from the Energy guard module about the power demand
through electrical loads, controls the flow of energy as follows:
• Electricity obtained from renewable energy supplies electrical loads and excess energy is
stored in batteries - a solid green line.
• When the demand for electricity exceeds the renewable energy source's capacity, the
shortage is balanced by the use of energy stored in the battery - the blue dotted line.
• When the demand for electrical power exceeds the capacity of the renewable energy source
and energy supplied from the battery, the power shortage is taken from the electricity grid - a
red dotted line.
3. The "off-grid" system

The inverter supplies the local loads and collects the surplus energy in batteries (solid green line). If
the power from renewable sources is not enough to cover the demand of loads, the batteries will be
discharged (blue dotted line).
Renewable
Inverter
sources of
PS100
electricity
Rechargeable
Electrical meter
battery
ps100-11-1
Fig. 12.3. Energy flow in „off-grid” system

4. System „auto-on-off-grid”
The priority is to send all energy obtained from renewable sources to the electricity grid. Only in a situation
where, for some reasons, the electrical grid is turned off, the system through the PS100-INT module
immediately disconnects from the electrical network and turns into :Off-grid” operation mode (see point 3
above). Only at this moment the cooperation with batteries takes place.
In the situation when the electric network is switched on again, the PS100-INT module sends information
about it to the inverter and the electrical loads are switched to the mains supply. Then the inverter
synchronizes again with the grid and goes into "on grid" mode.
NOTE: in this mode, if the battery voltage drops below the U LL level (par. 5.7) the system will start charging
the batteries from the mains and from renewable sources until the voltage will increase to the value from
parameter 5.6.
Renewable
Inverter
sources of PS100-INT
PS100
electricity
Grid connection
point
Rechargeable
Electrical meter
battery
ps100-12-1
Fig. 12.4. Energy flow in „auto-on-off-grid” system
Fig. 12.4 shows the flow of electricity in the "auto-on-off-grid" system:
• The solid green line shows the situation in which the electrical grid is connected; renewable energy
is supplied to electrical consumers and the surplus is sent to the electricity grid.
• The dashed blue and dotted red lines represent the "off-grid" system (described above in item 3),
into which the system will switch after the power outage.
• The dotted-dotted brown line corresponds to the situation in which the batteries have reached the
minimum permissible ULL voltage and are charged from RES and from the electricity grid.
5. „Off-grid MPPT”
The inverter works in off-grid mode, but without a battery charger. An electric boiler may be connected at the
inverter output. The system will automatically adjust the output voltage to the heater resistance in such a way
as to transmit the maximum power resulting from the MPPT algorithm.
NOTE: the maximum voltage at the inverter output is 230VAC. Therefore, heaters with adequate power for
230VAC should be used.

Chapter 13. Groups of parameters
13. Groups of parameters

13.1. Inverter status parameters – group 0
This group contains „read only” inverter status parameters with access without any password.
No. Name Unit Access level Description

1 Produced energy kWh O Total produced energy
2 Run time h O Total working time
3 Grid power W O Output instantaneous power
6 Grid frequency Hz O Electrical grid frequency
9 Grid volt. L1 V O Grid voltage phase L1
12 Grid curr. L1 A O Grid current phase A (L1)
13 Grid curr. L2 A O Grid current phase B (L2)
14 Grid curr. L3 A O Grid current phase C (L3)
20 Input 1 power W O Instantaneous power at the input 1 - PV1
21 Input 1 volt V O DC voltage at the input 1 - PV1
22 Input 1 curr A O DC current of the output 1 - PV1
23 Input 2 power W O Instantaneous power at the input 2 - PV2/WT
24 Input 2 volt V O DC voltage at the input 2 - PV2/WT
25 Input 2 curr A O DC current of the output 2 - PV2/WT
26 Input 3 power W O Instantaneous power at the input 3
27 Input 3 volt V O DC voltage at the input 3
28 Input 3 curr A O DC current of the output 3
30 Turbine freq. Hz O Frequency of the Turbine generator
31 Wind speed m/s O Measured wind speed
32 Resistance kΩ O Resistance of an isolation
33 Leakage current mA O Measured leakage current
40 Charger volt. [V] V O Voltage at the input of the charger
41 Charger curr. [A] A O DC current at the input of the charger
42 Charger temp. °C O Measured temperature of the battery
43 Charger t. mod °C O Temperature of the power module of the charger
44 Charger fault - O Error code of the charger module
50 UDC V O Total DC voltage in DC circuita
51 UDC 1 V O DC voltage in DC circuit 1
52 UDC 2 V O DC voltage in DC circuit 2
53 Radiator temp. °C O Temperature of the inverter’s heatsink

54 Module temp. °C O Temperature of the power module of the inverter
60 Status - O Operation statuts of the system:


0 - stoped, 1 - working
61 Version ctr1 - O Software version (communication)
62 Version output - O Software version (control)
63 Version charger - O Current error code of the charger
64 Revision ctrl. - O Software revision (communication)
70 Event 1 - O latest event code
71 Event 2 - O previous event code
80 Eth. IP 1 - O IP Address
84 Eth. MASK 1 - O subnet mask
88 Eth. GW 1 - O deafult Gateway
92 Eth. State - O network connection status
97 EG L1 W O Instantaneous Power on phase L1 measured by Energy
Guard module
Guard module
Guard module

13.2. Inverter configuration parameters

Parameters from groups 1,2, ... affect the correct operation of the inverter, therefore access to them is
protected by a code, so that an unauthorized person cannot change the parameter settings.
Access code: 123321
GROUP 1 – Grid module

1 Work mode - 2 Operation modes:
0 - off grid
1 - on grid
2 - auto on/off grid
3 - test mode
4 - Coolmar mode
5 - off-grid MPPT
2 Output volt. V 1 Measured output voltage
3 Output freq. Hz 1 Output frequency
10 Disconnect volt. V 1 DC input voltage of the generator (AC rectified), below that
value the countdown of the time until the system disconnects
from the grid will start (to reduce power consumption) -
applies to On-grid operation
11 Disconnect time s 1 Time after which the system will be disconnected from the grid
(to reduce power consumption) in a situation where
DC input voltage falls below the level specified in par. 1.10
12 High curr. A 1 Failure high output current threshold
13 Limit current A 1 Output current limit
20 Autostart volt. V 1 Generator DC input voltage (rectified AC), below which the
system will stop working
22 Autostart - 2 Selecting the method for giving the START command:
0: manual - for entering the START / STOP command
then corresponds to parameter 1.23
1: automatic
23 Enable start - 2 Manually setting the START / STOP command
24 Output contact. - 2 Switching on output relays
25 Autorestart - 2 On (1) / off (0): automatic reset of failure code r if it occurs
26 Fault reset - 2 Manual reset of the failure, give the following sequence:
0 → (wait 3 seconds) → 1 → (3 sec.) → 0
30 kp curr out - 2 Setting the proportional part of the output current regulator
31 Ki curr out - 2 Setting of the integral part of the output current regulator
32 Udc ref - 2 DC-link reference voltage of the Active-Front-End (AFE)
Converter (AC-DC)
33 Kp reg user - 2 Setting the proportional part of the DC-link voltage regulator
34 Ti reg user - Setting the integral part of the DC-link voltage regulator
40 Auto limit curr - 2 Sets how to limit the AFE current above the referenced Udc
threshold
41 Modulation - 2 Modulation
42 Wind simul. - 2 I/f curve simulation based on Uwej (Uinput) parameter


43 Batt. Work time min 2 Battery operating time
44 Alfa min - 2 MPPT parameter
45 Alfa max - 2 MPPT parameter
GROUP 2 - Input 1: PV1 input

1 Uin autostop V 1 Voltage at which input 1 boost converter switches off
2 Uref V 2 Reference volatge of the boost converter
3 Kp u - 2 Setting the proportional part of the voltage regulator for the
boost converter
4 Ti u - 2 Setting of the integral part of the voltage regulator for the
boost converter
5 Kp i - 2 Setting the proportional part of the current regulator for the
boost converter
6 ti i - 2 Setting of the integral part of the current regulator for the
boost converter
7 PWM % 2 Duty cycle for the boost converter
8 Max pwm % 2 Max duty cycle for the boost converter
9 Dc curr limit A 2 Limit of the input DC current
10 Mppt type - 2 Type of MPPT algorithm
11 Enable string - 2 Permission for the operation of the input
12 Stala filtr user ms 2 Not used
13 Sala filtr prad ms 2 Constant of the current filter
14 Czas ramp iref ms 2 Current rising time (current slope) for first start-up
GROUP 3 - Input 2: PV2/WT input

2 Uref V 2 Reference voltage of the boost converter
boost converter
boost converter
boost converter
boost converter


11 Enable string - 2 Permission for the operation of the input
30 Prad nom. turb. A 1 Nominal current of the AC generator
31 Czest. 1 Hz 1 Frequency value at the 1-st point of the generator
characteristics given as % of the nominal current
32 Prad I1 [ % 1 Current value at the 1-st point of the generator characteristics
given as % of the nominal current
... ... - 1 ...
61 Czest. 16 Hz 1 Frequency of the 16-th point at the generator’s characteristic
given as % of the nominal current
62 Prad I16 % 1 Current value at the 16-th point of the generator
characteristics given as % of the nominal current
GROUP 4 - Input 3
2 Uref V 2 Reference voltage of the boost converter
boost converter
boost converter
boost converter
boost converter
11 Enable string - 2 Permision for the operation of the input
GROUP 5 - Battery module

No. Un
Name Access level Description
it
1 UDC on break V 1 DC link voltage at which the charger brake applies
2 UDC on charge V 2 DC link voltage at which the charger starts to charge battery
3 UDC off charge V 2 DC link voltage at which the charger starts to discharge battery

No. Un
Name Access level Description
it
4 Curr. Limit char A 1 Charging current limit
5 Curr. Limit dos A 1 Charging current limit
6 Umax battery V 1 Max battery voltage

7 Umin battery V 1 Min battery voltage
8 Tmax battery °C 1 Max battery temperature
9 Block run A 1 Charger lockout
0 → charging 1 → charger is not operating
10 Un V 1 Nominal battery voltage
11 Delta Ibat A 1 To protect against discharge to connected battery, inverter
monitors voltage on them as well current consumed. When the
voltage drops below the value specified in parameter 5.7
"Battery min" and the current value possible obtainable will be
lower than the value specified in parameter 5.11 "Delta I bat" is
an inverter that will stop further battery discharge. To recharge
the inverter first will try to obtain energy from a renewable
energy source (panels solar generator, wind generator), but if
the amount generated the electricity will be too low depending
on the mode work:
a. on-grid: for charging the battery it will draw power from the
mains.
b. off-grid: will not allow further battery discharge.
12 Power limit EG W 1 Power limit of the local loads for operation with Energy Guard.
Minus sign means the possibility of sending energy to the grid
GROUP 10 – Service parameters

1 SPI - 2 Parameter to view through the SPI adapter
Generator RMS voltage from which the "Resistors" load is
2 U RMS gen. Ham V 2
connected
Generator frequency from which the "Resistors" load is
3 Czest. Gen. ham Hz 1
attached
4 Min czas ham. s 1 Minimum time for connection the "Resistors" load
Hysteresis defined in% in relation to the values given in
5 Hist. ham. Off % 1 parameters 10.1 and 10.2, giving the load release
thresholds
Wind speed corresponding to 10 pulses from the
6 Metrow / 10imp [ m/s 1
anemometer
7 Ogon freq max Hz 2 The generator freq. above which the K2 relay is activated
8 Ogon freq min Hz 2 Generator frequency below which relay K1 is activated
Generator frequency above which the relay K1 or K2 is
9 Ogon freq opt Hz 2
switched off
The voltage above which the K2 relay is switched on and
10 Ogon Urms max V 2
the K1 relay switched off, if necessary
11 Ogon t1 s 2 The minimum activation time of the K2 relay


12 Load default - 2 Loading default parameters
13 Power hysteresis - 2 MPPT parameter
Time between global MPPT scans.
14 Global mppt scan - 0
0 min = disable Global MPPT
15 windType - 2 Algorithm of wind input loading depending on wind speed
16 antiIsland - 2 Protection against island operation
17 Ugadna start b - 2 Energy Guard module parameter
18 Uganda start ni - 2 Energy Guard module parameter
19 Uganda start pea - 2 Energy Guard module parameter
20 Erase all plots - 2 Deleting all charts
21 Set 0-999W W 2 Manually setting the energy produced
22 Set 0-999kW kW 2 Manually setting the energy produced
23 Set 0-999MW MW 2 Manually setting the energy produced
24 Erase power - 2 Resetting the power energy value
25 Set run day - 2 Manually setting the working time
26 Set run hour - 2 Manually setting the working time
27 Erase run time - 2 Resetting working time
28 Erase events - 2 Resetting failure logs
Phase designation when using Energy Guard module:
0 - Energy Guard OFF
1 - L1 phse
29 Phase guard - 1
2 - L2 phase
3 - L3 phase
4 - “On-grid bat” mode (see chapter 12.2)
30 MAC 1 - 2 MAC address
36 Inv. Name 1 - 2 Inverter serial number
42 Inv. Year 1 - 2 Inverter year of production
43 Inv. Year 2 - 2 Inverter year of production
44 Format EEPROM - 2 Deleting internal parameters of the inverter
45 Ogon fmax stop - 2 Generator frequency above which the K2 relay is activated


46 Ogon fmin stop - 2 Generator frequency below which relay K1 is activated
Generator frequency above which the relay K1 or K2 is
47 Ogon Fopt stop - 2
switched off
48 High wind speed - 1 Wind speed that causes the storm protection to operate
49 High wind timer - 1 Time to switch on the storm (high wind) protection
50 Language - 1 Language selection
GROUP 11 – Grid parameters

1 OverVoltageSt2 2 Overvoltage protection level 2 – immediate
2 OverVoltageSt1 2 Overvoltage protection level 1 - slow-blow
3 UnderVoltage 2 Undervoltage protection threshold
4 OverFreq 2 Overfrequency protection threshold
5 UnderFreq 2 Underfrequency protection threshold
6 OverFreqTime 2 Delay time of the overfrequency protection
7 UnderFreqTime 2 Delay time of the underfrequency protection
8 OverVoltageSt2Time 2 Delay time of the overvoltage level 2 protection
9 OverVoltageSt1Time 2 Delay time of the overvoltage level 1 protection
10 UnderVoltageTime 2 Delay time of the undervoltage protection
11 MinFReconnect 2 Minimum grid frequency when reconnecting
12 MaxFReconnect 2 Maximum grid frequency when reconnecting
13 MinUReconnect 2 Minimum grid voltage when reconnecting
14 MaxUReconnect 2 Maximum grid voltage when reconnecting
15 MinFStart 2 Minimum grid frequency to start operation
16 MaxFStart 2 Maximum grid frequency to start operation
17 MinUStart 2 Minimum grid voltage to start operation
18 MaxUStart 2 Maximum grid voltage to start operation
19 GridObservationTime 2 Time to analyse the grid before starting operation
20 Reconn.PowerRamp 2 Time after reconnection in which the power limit at the
inverter output increases from 0 to the nominal power
21 StartingPowerRamp 2 Power rise time from 0 to nominal power
22 ReducePowerFreq 2 Grid frequency threshold at which the inverter output
power limit is enclosed
23 OverFreqDroop 2 The percentage decrease in the inverter output power
limit as the grid frequency increases above the
response threshold
24 CosPhi 2 Specifies the output current power coefficient ( cosφ)
and type reactive power (capacitive / inductive)
generated by the inverter
25 Rocof Ramp 2 Rocof protection value

Chapter 14. Faults
14. Faults
The occurrence of the fault is indicated by the red diode lighting up (Fig. 7.1). In the parameters from 0.70 to
0.79 you can read the history of recent failures. Table 14.1 lists the numbers of failures with their
descriptions.
The faults reported by the battery charging module (inverters with the + BAT symbol) are separated from
other failures and stored in par. 0.45. Their description is presented in Table 14.2.
After a cause that could damage the inverter, the system goes into fault state. Depending on the setting of
the par. 1.25:
a) par. 1.25 „On/Off Restart” = 0 (turn off): the red LED will lighting up and the inverter will remain in a
fault state until it is erased by the user,
b) par. 1.25 „On/Off Restart” = 1 (turn on): the inverter will try to resume itself.
Explanation: the inverter after 10 seconds will automatically delete the error message and try to
resume operation. In the situation when the same failure repeats three times, the inverter will go into
fault state, remain in it until it is erased by the user and the red LED will be lighting up continuously
on the display.
14.1. List of fault codes
Table 14.1. List of fault codes

Fault
Fault type Fault Description How to fix it
No.
0 No fault Systems operate properly -
1 Over-temperature The heat sink temperature exceeded 85 Check efficiency of ventilation.
ºC. Wait until the device has cooled down.
2 Temperature Indications from the temperature sensor Contact the service.
sensor failure are incorrect
10 CRC error Invalid internal storage checksum. Load default parameters, contact the
service.
20 Grounding Too high leakage current. Check the system connections.
30 High Udc voltage Too high voltage on the DC link 1. Check the configuration of electrical
capacitors. connection of photovoltaic panels (too
many PV panels in series connection)
2. Check the connection of the dump
load resistor when using a synchronous
generator.
31 Too high U_IN1 Input 1 voltage too high 1. Check the configuration of electrical
connection of photovoltaic panels (too
32 Too high U_IN2 Input 2 voltage too high 1. Check the configuration of electrical
connection of photovoltaic panels (too
generator.
36 Voltage ripples in Too big ripples in the input voltage 1. Check the correct connection of the
the input voltage installation.
2. Check the value of phase-to-phase
voltages in the generator.
37 Low Udc Too low voltage on the DC-link Check if the power of the energy source
capacitors. is sufficient or higher than the power of
the loads connected to the inverter.

Chapter 14. Faults
Fault
No.
38 High Udc - Too high voltage on the DC link 1. Check the configuration of electrical
hardware failure capacitors. connection of photovoltaic panels (too
generator.
50 Short circuit - Hardware protection has recorded the Check the connecting the power wires.
hardware failure occurrence of transistor short-circuits.
60 High current - The amplitude of the current from the 1. Check the input current measurement
hardware failure RESs or electrical grid has reached a and the voltage measurement in the DC-
value in excess of the limit. link circuit.
2. Check the reference voltage in the DC-
61 High current on The amplitude of the input current at
link circuit.
input 1 input 1 has exceeded the limit.
62 High current on The amplitude of the input current at
input 2 input 2 has exceeded the limit.
65 Too high The amplitude of the current send to the
output current electric grid reaches a value exceeding
the limit.
66 Overload Long-term value of the output current 1. Check that the power of the connected
exceed the nominal current. loads does not exceed the inverter
power. 2. Check the cosφ of the installed
loads.
67 Output voltage The value of the generated voltage has 1. Check that the power of the loads
dip dropped below the threshold. during their start-up is not greater than
150% of the inverter's rated power.
70 Varistor failure Failure of the varistors has been Contact the service.
detected.
71 Low input 1 Too low resistance was detected
resistance between input 1 and PE.
1. Check the installation wires.
72 Low input 2 Too low resistance was detected
2. Measure the resistance of the
resistance between input 2 and PE.
installation poles relative to PE.
73 Low -DC Too low resistance was detected
resistance between i-DC and PE.
80 Exceeding the response time in the
Timeout internal communication bus of the 1. Check the connection of
inverter. communication wires inside the inverter.
2. In case of frequent failures contact the
81 Communication Erroneous data in the inverter's internal service.
error communication bus.
91 Low electric grid The electric grid frequency is too low or
frequency – work inverter measurement module is
state damaged 1. Check the electrical grid frequency.
92 High electric grid The electric grid frequency is too high or service.
frequency – work inverter measurement module is
state damaged
93 Low electric grid The electric grid RMS voltage is too low
voltage – work or inverter measurement module is
state damaged. 1. Check the electrical grid voltage.
94 High electric grid The electric grid RMS voltage is too high service.
voltage – work or inverter measurement module is
state damaged.
95 Uref limit Electrical grid is no connected to the 1. Check the electrical grid wires,
inverter – anty-islanding protection protection fuses, and be be sure main
switch power is ON.

Chapter 14. Faults
Fault
No.
96 Low electrical grid The frequency of the electrical grid
frequency – measured before the inverter starts
monitoring state working is too low or the inverter
measuring module is damaged. 1. Check the electrical grid frequency.
97 High electrical The frequency of the electrical grid service.
grid frequency – measured before the inverter starts
monitoring state working is too high or the inverter
measuring module is damaged.
98 Low electric grid The electric grid RMS voltage is too low
voltage – or inverter measurement module is
monitoring state damaged. 1. Check the electrical grid voltage.
99 High electric grid The electric grid RMS voltage is too high service.
voltage – or inverter measurement module is
monitoring state damaged.
Note: The inverter monitors the electrical grid for 60 seconds before starting work. After a failure with
incorrect electrical parameters in the grid (fault 91 ÷ 94) or failure of the grid current controller (fault 95), the
inverter also monitors the electrical grid for 60 seconds before restarting.
14.2. List of battery charger module failure code
Table 14.2. List of battery charger module failure codes

Fault
No.
1 High battery The battery temperature is 1. Check the correct connection of the Pt100
temperature higher than the value set in sensor.
parameter 10.8. 2. Check that the voltage at the battery
terminals is correct.
3 High UDC High voltage in the DC-link Check the correct connection of renewable
energy sources.
See failure No. 30 in Table 14.1 on page 43.
4 Low battery voltage Too low voltage at the battery 1. Check the battery connections are correct.
terminals. 2. Check and compare the param setting.
10.7 with the minimum permissible voltage of
the batteries used.
3. Charge the excessively discharged
battery.
5 Short circuit The hardware protection has In case of repeated failure contact the device
registered a short circuit of manufacturer.
transistors.
6 High charging The current value is too high 1. Check the battery connections are correct.
current in battery charging mode. 2. Make sure the battery is functional.
3. In case of repeated failure, contact the
device manufacturer.
7 High module Too high transistors 1. Check the heat sink for dirt, clean the heat
temperature temperature. sink if necessary.
2. Check the ambient temperature.
13 High battery voltage Too high voltage at the 1. Check the battery connections are correct.
battery terminals. 2. Check and compare the setting of par.
10.6 with the maximum permissible voltage
of the batteries used
16 High discharging The current value is too high 1. Check the battery connections are correct.
current in battery discharge mode. 2. Pay attention to the type of electrical loads
in terms of high power consumption.

Chapter 14. Faults
Fault
No.
23 High UDC: To high voltage in the DC-link. Check the correct connection of renewable
hardware failure energy sources.
See failure No. 30 in Table 14.1 on page 43.
26 High current: Output current too high. 1. Check the battery connections are correct.
hardware failure 2. Make sure the battery is functional.
3. In case of repeated failure, contact the
device manufacturer.

Chapter 15. Ordering information
15. Ordering information
PS100 - /
1 2 3
1. Input type:
PV – photovoltaic:
• 1 kW inverters has one MPPT input
• 3 kW and 5.5 kW inverters have two MPPT inputs
WT – permanent magnet generator: one AC input
H – hybrid:
• one photovoltaic input, max. 3 kW,
• one permanent magnet generator input, max. 3 kW.
Note: the total power of the connected sources must not exceed the rated power
inverter
2. Built-in battery charger module:
„without sign” – not present
+BAT - present
3. Power of inverter:
1 kW
3 kW
5.5 kW
Ordering examples:
PS100-PV/5,5kW: photovoltaic inverter 5,5 kW.
PS100-PV+BAT/5.5kW: photovoltaic inverter 5.5 kW with built-in battery charger.
PS100-WT/5,5kW: wind/water turbine inverter 5,5 kW.
PS100-WT+BAT/5,5kW: wind/water turbine inverter 5,5 kW with built-in battery charger.
PS100-H/5,5kW: hybrid inverter 5,5 kW with one 3 kW photovoltaic input and one 3kW generator input;
total input power must not exceed 5,5 kW.
PS100-H+BAT/5,5kW: hybrid inverter 5,5 kW (as above) with battery charger.
16. Warranty conditions

The system is covered by the warranty in accordance with the information contained in the Warranty Card.

Appendix A: EU Declaration Of Conformity
17. Appendix A: EU Declaration Of Conformity
66 PS100 – User’s manual

Chapter 18. Appendix A: PN-EN 50438:2014-02 Declaration Of Conformity
18. Appendix A: PN-EN 50438:2014-02 Declaration Of Conformity
PS100 – User’s manual 67

NOTES
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Zakład Energoelektroniki TWERD Sp. z o.o.
(TWERD Power Electronics Ltd.)
87-100 Toruń, Poland

ul. Aleksandrowska 28-30
tel: +48 56 654 60 91

[email protected]
www.twerd.pl
DESIGN – PRODUCTION - SERVICE

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Renewable Energy Sources

1 kW, 3 kW, 5.5 kW

PS100 – User’s manual 3

4 PS100 – User’s manual

PS100 – User manual 5

2. Conditions of safe operation

RISK OF ELECTRIC SHOCK HOT SURFACE

2.2. Basic rules

6 PS100 – User manual

2.3. Protection against electric shock

2.4. Operation list after receiving the device

2.5. Environmental conditions

PS100 – User manual 7

8 PS100 – User manual

19 Algorithm of Maximum Power Point • WT synchronous generator input (AC): characteristic

PS100 – User manual 9

3.2. Mechanical dimensions and weight

Fig. 3.1. Mechanical dimensions of the inverter

Weight of the inverter with mounting frame: 14 kg.

10 PS100 – User manual

Rys.3.2. Mechanical dimensions of the mounting frame

Fig. 3.3. Inverter view from the connectors side

PS100 – User manual 11

3.2.2. PS100-PV/5.5kW, PS100-WT/5.5kW, PS100-H/3kW, PS100-H/5.5 kW

Fig. 3.4. Mechanical dimensions of the inverter

Weight of the inverter with mounting frame: 16 kg.

12 PS100 – User manual

Fig. 3.5. Mechanical dimensions of the mounting frame

Fig. 3.6. Inverter view from the connectors side

PS100 – User manual 13

3.2.3. PS100-WT+BAT/1kW, PS100-WT+BAT/3kW, PS100-PV+BAT/1kW, PS100-PV+BAT/3kW

Fig. 3.7. Mechanical dimensions of the inverter

Weight of the inverter with mounting frame: 19 kg.

14 PS100 – User manual

Fig. 3.8. Mechanical dimensions of the mounting frame

Fig. 3.9. Inverter view from the connectors side

Note: PSW100-WT+BAT - no PV connectors and a PV switch.

PS100 – User manual 15

3.2.4. PS100-WT+BAT/5.5kW, PS100-PV+BAT/5.5kW, PS100-H+BAT/3kW, PS100-H+BAT/5.5kW

Fig. 3.10. Mechanical dimensions of the inverter

Weight of the inverter with mounting frame: 21 kg.

16 PS100 – User manual

Fig. 3.11. Mechanical dimensions of the mounting frame

Fig. 3.12. Inverter view from the connectors side

Note: PS100-WT+BAT - no PV1, PV2 connectors and a PV switch;

PS100 – User manual 17

4. Preparing for installation

4.2. Environmental condition

4.4. Use of residual current devices

18 PS100 – User manual

4.5. Power line connector

Fig. 4.1. View of the mains connector

Power supply wire ps100-26.3en

Fig. 4.2. Preparing the connector

PS100 – User manual 19

Fig. 4.3. Closing the connector

Fig. 4.4. Connecting the connector to the inverter

20 PS100 – User manual