DTR - PS100-WT - v5.1 En-Pv New1.1
DTR - PS100-WT - v5.1 En-Pv New1.1
DTR - PS100-WT - v5.1 En-Pv New1.1
TWERD
PS100-WT
One-phase inverter
for small three-phase wind turbines
with permanent magnet synchronous generators
User's manual
ver.5.1en pv1.1
www. twerd.pl
Contents
1. Device description......................................................................................................................................... 4
2. Conditions of safe operation......................................................................................................................... 4
2.1. Warnings............................................................................................................................................... 4
2.2. Basic rules............................................................................................................................................ 5
2.3. Protection against electric shock.......................................................................................................... 5
2.4. Operation list after receiving the device................................................................................................ 5
2.5. Environmental conditions...................................................................................................................... 5
2.6. Recycle................................................................................................................................................. 6
3. Specification................................................................................................................................................. 7
3.1. Technical data....................................................................................................................................... 7
3.2. Mechanical dimensions and weight...................................................................................................... 8
3.2.1. PS100-WT/1kW, PS100-WT/3kW................................................................................................. 8
3.2.2. PS100-WT/5.5kW....................................................................................................................... 10
4. Prepare for installation................................................................................................................................ 12
4.1. Inverter installation location................................................................................................................ 12
4.2. Environmental condition...................................................................................................................... 12
4.3. Cooling................................................................................................................................................ 12
4.4. Installation position............................................................................................................................. 12
4.5. Power circuit terminals........................................................................................................................ 13
5. ON-GRID installation.................................................................................................................................. 14
5.1. Inverter with AC input.......................................................................................................................... 15
6. Built-in control panel................................................................................................................................... 16
7. The first run................................................................................................................................................. 17
7.1. Start/Stop command........................................................................................................................... 17
7.2. Dump load resistors............................................................................................................................ 18
7.3. The internal process of switching ON the inverter in on-grid mode.....................................................18
8. Setting the clock.......................................................................................................................................... 18
9. Digital inputs and outputs............................................................................................................................ 18
9.1. Generator load control........................................................................................................................ 20
9.2. Anemometer....................................................................................................................................... 21
10. Communication parameters setting.......................................................................................................... 21
10.1. Connecting inverter to the local network........................................................................................... 22
11. Graphs...................................................................................................................................................... 22
12. Groups of parameters............................................................................................................................... 22
GROUP 0 – inverter status parameters (read only)...................................................................................22
GROUP 1 (service group, password protected)......................................................................................... 23
GROUP 2 (service group, password protected)......................................................................................... 23
GROUP 10 (service group, password protected) – charger parameters (for inverters with built-in battery
charger)..................................................................................................................................................... 24
GROUP 11 (service group, password protected) - control of the dump load resistors...............................24
GROUP 12 (service group, password protected) – output parameters......................................................24
GROUP 13 (service group, password protected) – output parameters......................................................26
13. Faults........................................................................................................................................................ 27
14. Ordering information................................................................................................................................. 29
15. Warranty conditions.................................................................................................................................. 29
16. EU Declaration Of Conformity................................................................................................................... 30
Chapter 1. Device description
1. Device description
The family of single-phase, high efficiency and transformerless PT100-WT inverters is designed for work
with small wind turbines permanent magnet synchronous generators, with an electric power of up to 5.5 kW.
These inverters converts the energy obtained from the wind power plant to a single-phase power grid (so-
called "on-grid" systems). They operate fully autonomously. After being installed by an authorized person, the
user's role is limited to systematic monitoring of the device's condition (failure, flooding, etc.).
Some parts of this User's manual are common to other of our products for Renewable Energy Sources
(RESs): photovoltaic inverters, hybrid inverters, inverters with build-in battery chargers. The PS100-WT
inverter refers to fragments in which wind turbine (permanent magnet) generator, AC generator or in general
Renewable Energy Sources (RESs) are mentioned. The sections in which photovoltaic sources, off-line
inverters and battery chargers are referred to relate to another product.
Before starting work, the 16-point characteristics of the generator's input current as a function of its
frequency should be entered to the inverter. In addition, the load control of the synchronous generator can be
controlled by directly setting the load current using the MODBUS communication protocol (RTU, TCP / IP).
Limitation of liability
Despite all efforts and due diligence, the Zakład Energoelektroniki TWERD (TWERD Power Electronics)
does not guarantee that the published data is free of errors. In case of any doubts or the desire to obtain
additional information, please contact us. All trademarks used are the property of their respective owners.
2.1. Warnings
• Incorrect installation, using, and maintenance of the device can cause physical injury or death, or
damage to the device and connected equipment.
• Some housing components, including a heat sink, can get hotter than 80 ° C during normal operation
- there is a risk of burns.
• Installation, using, and maintenance of the device must be performed only by qualified personnel.
• Before switching on the voltage, make sure the device has been correctly installed and all housing
elements have been properly assembled.
• After connecting the device to the supply voltage its internal components (without the control
terminals – pic. 9.1 on page 19) are on the power supply potential. Touching these components can
cause an electric shock.
• The device contains DC-link circuit capacitors that can remain charged even when the device is not
powered. It can cause an electric shock. The time required for self-discharge of capacitors in an
undamaged device is usually less then 5 minutes. Before starting any installation works wait 5
minutes after disconnecting all power supplies sources and make sure that a voltage on a clamps is
not present.
Attention! The lack of the voltage at the connection terminals is not synonymous with the lack of
dangerous voltage in the internal DC-link circuit of the device.
• Don’t make any connections changes when the device is connected to the power supply.
• Due to the use of a transformer-free topology of the charger, and thus connecting the negative pole
of the battery bank to the inverter's intermediate circuit, there are dangerous voltage and life-
threatening voltage on the terminals of the battery bank. It is forbidden to touch the terminals of the
battery bank, because it may cause an electric shock!
• After disassembling the front cover of the inverter, access to the buttons of the operator panel and
simultaneously to the elements that are, under the conditions of normal operation of the inverter,
under the electrical voltage dangerous for life and health (active parts) are obtained.
ATTENTION: Take particular care due to the possibility of electric shock. Removing the front cover of
the inverter (when the electrical voltage is supplied to the device both from the network side and the
generator) and changing the settings can only be made by a person with appropriate electrical
qualifications.
• Periodically, you should check:
◦ Connection of protective conductors,
◦ Wiring (the connections, insulation),
◦ Did not water get inside the system,
◦ Degree of heat sink dirtiness.
b. Climatic conditions
2.6. Recycle
Always return your used electronic products, batteries, and packaging materials to
dedicated collection points. This way you help prevent uncontrolled waste disposal and
promote the recycling of
materials.
3. Specification
3.1. Technical data
Table 3.1. PS100 inverters technical data
Type PS100
No. 1kW 3kW 5.5kW
Description Name Unit
1 Working voltage range Ugen V 3 x 60..280 V AC
from the AC generator side
2 Rated voltage from the AC generator Ugen-n V 3 x 230 V AC
side
3 Maximum input current Igen-max A 7A 13A PS100H/5.5kW: 13A
from the AC generator side PS100WT/5.5kW: 24A
4 Voltage range from the PV side Upv V 70..450 V DC
5 Maximum current of PV panels Ipv-max A 7A 13A PS100H/5.5kW: 13A
PS100PV/5.5kW: 2x13A
6 Type of PV connector - - MC4
7 Efficiency (at rated output power) ƞ % 97%
8 Nominal AC output power Pn kW 1 3 5.5
9 Output voltage Uout V 1 x 230V, 50Hz
(from the power grid side)
10 The rated output current Iout A 4,5 13 25
11 Current THD % <3
12 Nominal voltage of DC-link circuit Udc V 380V
13 Maximum voltage of DC-link circuit Udc-max V 600V
14 Transistors switching frequency fsw kHz 16
o
15 Maximum temperature of heatsink Trad-max C 85
16 Communication - - Ethernet, RS485
17 Digital inputs DI1..DI5 szt. 5
18 Relay outputs K1, K2, K3 szt. 3
NO 2A 230V AC
19 Protections - before run-up
- before too high device temperature,
- the monitoring system of the power grid parameters
20 MPPT: • synchronous generator input (AC): chracteristic Igen=f(fgen)
defined by user.
• PV input (DC): tracking system
21 Power consumption in standby mode - W 2
22 Humidity - % 85% dla 40oC
o
23 Ambient temperature range - C -10ºC..+40ºC
24 IP protection - - IP51
25 Weight - kg Look at the chapter 3.2 Mechanical
dimensions and weight on page 8.
Devices with battery charger module
26 Nominal voltage of battery Ubat-n V 48/96 Vdc
27 Nominal charging/discharging current Ibat-max A 50 Adc
ps100-20-1
IN +
PV
IN -
PV switchPV
ROZŁĄCZNIK
3.2.2. PS100-WT/5.5kW
ps100-21-1
IN1 + IN2 +
PV1 PV2
IN1 - IN2 -
PV switch PV
ROZŁĄCZNIK
ps100-13-1
5. ON-GRID installation
Applies to:
• PS100-WT,
• PS100-PVT,
• PS100-H.
ATTENTION: Do not make any connections when the electrical voltage is supplied to the inverter: from
the power line side, photovoltaic panels, wind turbine generator, battery pack.
There are two kind of inputs:
• AC input: permanent magnet synchronous generator input - PS100-WT and PS100-H inverters;
• DC input: photovoltaic panels input - PS100-PV and PS100-H inverters.
Installation operations must be carried out in accordance with chapter 5.1. After their execution, the
inverter will be ready for autonomous operation without user intervention.
The user can obtain information about the current state of the device using the communication bus (RS-
485, Ethernet) or directly from the control panel. Detailed description of communication configuration with the
inverter can be found in chapter 10.
ATTENTION:
When installing the inverter, it should be remembered that the electric circuit on the generator side must
be galvanically separated from the power line supply. Additional measurement circuits between the generator
and the inverter must also comply with this principle. Otherwise, the inverter it can work incorrectly or even
damage that will not be covered by the warranty.
PS100-WT TWERD
synchronous
generator
Emergency
STOP
REZYSTORY GENERATOR PE L N
PS100-02-3-EN
ps100-16.1
To enter the „main menu”, press the <OK> key. To navigate in the „main menu”, use the <up>
<down> and <right> <left> keys. The highlighted option is selected by pressing the <OK> key, the return to
the „main menu” is done by pressing the <ESC> key.
If there is a need to change parameter settings from password protected groups (groups: 2, 10, 12
and 13), please contact the manufacturer of the inverter.
Current [A]
(par. 12.17)
ETHERNET
K3 K2 K1
AGND
5VDC
5VDC
GND
IN_A
GND
GND
DI_5
DI_4
DI_3
DI_2
DI_1
A(+)
OuA
A(+)
B(-)
B(-)
1234567 123 456 123456 1234
Digital inputs Digital outputs
Ethernet network
- only for service
Analog In/Out
Modbus RTU
Modbus RTU
– for general
Output 5Vdc 230Vac)
purposes
purposes
(max. 50mA)
uses
ps100-14-2-en
By default the inverter uses three digital outputs K1, K2, K3 to adjust the frequency of the generator if
the wind turbine is equipped with a tail - chapter 9.1. Generator load control on page 20 and digital input
DI_2 for operating an optional anemometer (anemometer) - see chapter 9.2 Anemometer on page 21.
fgen
11.2
Dump
load
resistors
t
TH
Switch ON Switch OFF
ps100-19-3-en electrical grid electrical grid
The inverter continuously measures the frequency and voltage of the generator, and compares them to
the saved settings in the inverter's memory (group 11).
To prevent the generator from detaching, use dump load resistors. Parameter 11.2 determines the
frequency threshold of the generator above which the resistors are switched ON for the braking time T H,
in which the frequency of the generator drops below the threshold value reduced o hysteresis specified in
parameter 11.4, however not shorter than the time set in parameter 11.3.
Additionally the inverter can react to exceeding the voltage thresholds. Parameter 11.1 is used to
determine the voltage level that triggers the activation of load resistors.
In the event of any failure, the system switch ON the dump load resistors.
Table 9.1. Control of the dump load resistors - group 11 (service group, password protected)
No. Name Description
1 "U RMS gen. volt. [V] RMS generator voltage that a dump load resistors are switched ON
(8A / 250 Vac NC contacts)
2 Gen. break. freq. [Hz] Frequency of the generator that a dump load resistors are switched ON
3 Min. gen. break [s] Minimum switching ON time of a dump load resistors
4 Break hist. off [%] Hysteresis specified in % in relation to the values given in par. 1 and 2
9.2. Anemometer
The inverter works with anemometer with open collector type (OC) output or reed relay output. The
maximum frequency must be less than 1 kHz. It is possible to get a supply voltage to anemometer from the
5Vdc output, provided that the maximum load current of 50mA is not exceeded. Fig. 9.3 shows the
connection diagram of the anemometer on the example of the Fardat NP-3
In order to correctly measure the wind speed, it is necessary to enter wind speed [m/s] corresponding to
10 pulses / second in parameter 11.5. This value is given by the manufacturer of the anemometer (ex. 1.5).
The current wind speed is showed in par. 0.26.
5VDC
GND
DI_4
DI_3
DI_5
DI_2
DI_1
1234567
VCC
OUT
GND
ps100-18-1-en
Anemometer NP-3
11. Graphs
The inverter monitors the input and output power and saves every 15 minutes in internal memory their
average values. To view the electric power graphs, select the PLOT MENU option in the MAIN MENU, which
will open the window for choosing the date from which the graphs should be displayed. After choosing the
appropriate date, the selection is confirmed by pressing <OK>. During displaying the graph, you can use the
<up> and <down> keys to select consecutively: total power on present day, power on the first input, power
on the second input. To change the date, go back to the date menu with the <ESC> key.
The inverter additionally displays the total electric power graph from the current day on the default
screen. Subsequent charts with current data about the inverter work automatically change every few
seconds or can be changed after slight knock the device casing.
*) applies to an inverter with two inputs (otherwise the displayed value is always zero).
GROUP 10 (service group, password protected) – charger parameters (for inverters with built-in battery
charger)
No. Name Description
1 UdcOnBreak [V] Service parameter
2 UdcOnCharge [V] Service parameter
3 UdcOffCharge [V] Service parameter
4 CurrentLimitCharge [A] Charge current limit
5 CurrentLimitDischarge [A] Discharge current limit
6 UmaxBattery [V] Maximum voltage limit of battery pack
7 UminBattery [V] Minimum voltage limit of battery pack
8 TmaxBattery [0C] Maximum temperature limit of battery pack
9 BlockRun Lock inverter operation
10 UnBattery [V] Nominal voltage of a battery pack
11 UIIBattery [V] The voltage value below which a battery pack will be charged from
an electrical grid
GROUP 11 (service group, password protected) - control of the dump load resistors
No. Name Description
1 "U RMS gen. volt. [V] RMS generator voltage that a dump load resistors are switched ON
(8A / 250 Vac NC contacts)
2 Gen. break. freq. [Hz] Frequency of the generator that a dump load resistors are switched
ON
3 Min. gen. break [s] Minimum switching ON time of a dump load resistors
4 Break hist. off [%] Hysteresis specified in % in relation to the values given in par. 1 and 2
5 Meter/10imp [m/s] Wind speed corresponding to 10 pulses from an anemometer
6 Tail freq max [Hz] The frequency of the generator above which the K2 relay is activated
7 Tail freq min [Hz] The frequency of the generator below which the K1 relay is activated
8 Tail freq opt [Hz] The frequency of the generator beyond which the relay K1 or K2 is
deactivated
9 Tail Urms max [V] The voltage above which the K2 relay is activated and the relay K1 is
deactivated (if necessary)
10 Tail t1 [s] The minimum turn-on time for the K2 relay
11 Thyristor fault Service parameter
13. Faults
The occurrence of the fault is indicated by the red diode lighting up (fig. 6.1). The current fault number
can be read in parameter 0.21. Previous failure number is stored in par. 0.22. Table 13.1 lists the numbers of
failures with their descriptions.
After a cause that could damage the inverter, the system goes into fault state. Depending on the setting
of the par. 13.16:
a) par. 13.16 „On/Off Restart” = 0 (turn off): the red LED will lighting up and the inverter will remain in
a fault state until it is erased by the user,
b) par. 13.16 „On/Off Restart” = 1 (turn on): the inverter will try to resume itself.
Explanation: the inverter after 10 seconds will automatically delete the error message and try to
resume operation. In the situation when the same failure repeats three times, the inverter will go into
fault state, remain in it until it is erased by the user and the red LED will be lighting up continuously
on the display.
10 CRC error: invalid internal storage checksum. Load default parameters, contact the service.
30 High Udc voltage: too high voltage on the DC link 1. Check the configuration of electrical connection of
capacitors. photovoltaic panels (too many PV panels in series
connection)
31 Input 1 voltage too high
2. Check the connection of the dump load resistor
32 Input 2 voltage too high when using a synchronous generator.
36 Voltage ripples in the input voltage 1. Check the correct connection of the installation.
2. Check the value of phase-to-phase voltages in
the generator.
37 Low Udc: too low voltage on the DC link Check if the power of the energy source is sufficient
capacitors. or higher than the power of the loads connected to
the inverter.
38 High Udc - hardware failure: 1. Check the configuration of electrical connection of
too high voltage on the DC link capacitors. photovoltaic panels (too many PV panels in series
connection)
2. Check the connection of the dump load resistor
when using a synchronous generator.
50 Short circuit - hardware failure: hardware Check the connecting the power wires.
protection has recorded the occurrence of
transistor short-circuits.
60 High current - hardware failure: the amplitude of 1. Check the input current measurement and the
the current from the RESs or electrical grid has voltage measurement in the DC-link circuit.
reached a value in excess of the limit. 2. Check the reference voltage in the DC-link circuit.
61 High current on input 1: the amplitude of the input
current at input 1 has exceeded the limit.
62 High current on input 2: the amplitude of the input
current at input 2 has exceeded the limit.
65 Too high
output current: the amplitude of the current send to
the electric grid reaches a value exceeding the
limit.
Fault
Fault Description How to fix it
No.
66 Overload: long-term value of the output current 1. Check that the power of the connected loads
exceed the nominal current. does not exceed the inverter power. 2. Check the
cosφ of the installed loads.
67 Output voltage dips: the value of the generated 1. Check that the power of the loads during their
voltage has dropped below the threshold. start-up is not greater than 150% of the inverter's
rated power.
70 Varistor failure: failure of the varistors has been Contact the service.
detected.
71 Low input 1 resistance: too low resistance was
detected between input 1 and PE.
1. Check the installation wires.
72 Low input 2 resistance: too low resistance was
2. Measure the resistance of the installation poles
detected between input 2 and PE.
relative to PE.
73 Low -DC resistance: too low resistance was
detected between i-DC and PE.
80 Timeout: exceeding the response time in the
internal communication bus of the inverter. 1. Check the connection of communication wires
inside the inverter.
81 Communication error: erroneous data in the 2. In case of frequent failures contact the service.
inverter's internal communication bus.
91 Low electric grid frequency – work state: the
electric grid frequency is too low or inverter
measurement module is damaged 1. Check the electrical grid frequency.
92 high electric grid frequency – work state: the 2. In case of frequent failures contact the service.
electric grid frequency is too high or inverter
measurement module is damaged
93 low electric grid voltage – work state: the electric
grid RMS voltage is too low or inverter
measurement module is damaged. 1. Check the electrical grid voltage.
94 high electric grid voltage – work state: the electric 2. In case of frequent failures contact the service.
grid RMS voltage is too high or inverter
measurement module is damaged.
95 Uref limit: electrical grid is no connected to the 1. Check the electrical grid wires, protection fuses,
inverter – anty-islanding protection and be be sure main switch power is ON.
96 Low electrical grid frequency – monitoring state: 1. Check the electrical grid frequency.
the frequency of the electrical grid measured 2. In case of frequent failures contact the service.
before the inverter starts working is too low or the
inverter measuring module is damaged.
97 High electrical grid frequency – monitoring state:
the frequency of the electrical grid measured
before the inverter starts working is too high or the
inverter measuring module is damaged.
98 Low electric grid voltage – monitoring state: the 1. Check the electrical grid voltage.
electric grid RMS voltage is too low or inverter 2. In case of frequent failures contact the service.
measurement module is damaged.
99 High electric grid voltage – monitoring state: the
electric grid RMS voltage is too high or inverter
measurement module is damaged.
Note: The inverter monitors the electrical grid for 60 seconds before starting work. After a failure with
incorrect electrical parameters in the grid (fault 91 ÷ 94) or failure of the grid current controller (fault 95), the
inverter also monitors the electrical grid for 60 seconds before restarting.
PS100 - /
1 2 3
1. Input type:
PV – photovoltaic:
• 1 kW inverters has one MPPT input
• 3 kW and 5.5 kW inverters have two MPPT inputs
WT – permanent magnet generator: one AC input
H – hybrid:
• one photovoltaic input, max. 3 kW,
• one permanent magnet generator input, max. 3 kW.
Note: the total power of the connected sources must not exceed the rated power
inverter
2. Built-in battery charger module:
„without sign” – not present
+BAT - present
3. Power of inverter:
1 kW
3 kW
5.5 kW
Ordering examples:
PS100-PV/5,5kW: photovoltaic inverter 5,5 kW.
PS100-PV+BAT/5.5kW: photovoltaic inverter 5.5 kW with built-in battery charger.
PS100-WT/5,5kW: wind/water turbine inverter 5,5 kW.
PS100-WT+BAT/5,5kW: wind/water turbine inverter 5,5 kW with built-in battery charger.
PS100-H/5,5kW: hybrid inverter 5,5 kW with one 3 kW photovoltaic input and one 3kW generator input;
total input power must not exceed 5,5 kW.
PS100-H+BAT/5,5kW: hybrid inverter 5,5 kW (as above) with battery charger.
87-100 Toruń
ul. Aleksandrowska 28-30