Pedagogy I15 07 08 2023

PLAYING WITH
What’s in a ‘PEDADOGGY’
philosophy
statement HOT TOPIC: AI
INFLUENTIAL LEADERSHIP &
THINKERS... PHILOSOPHY IN ECE
JULY / AUGUST ISSUE 15 2023
ISBN: 978-0-646-97422-4
dŚĞ ^ĐŚŽŽů ŽĨ ƚŚĞŶƐ ŝƐ Ă ĨƌĞƐĐŽ ƉĂŝŶƚĞĚ ďǇ /ƚĂůŝĂŶ ĂƌƟƐƚ ZĂƉŚĂĞů ďĞƚǁĞĞŶ ϭϱϱϭͲϭϱϵϭ͘
ĚŽƌŶŝŶŐƚŚĞǁĂůůŽĨƚŚĞ^ƚĂŶǌĞĚŝZĂīĂĞůůŽ;ƚŚĞsĂƟĐĂŶͿ͕ŝƚŚĂƐůŽŶŐďĞĞŶƐĞĞŶĂƐĂZĂƉŚĂĞů
ŵĂƐƚĞƌƉŝĞĐĞĂŶĚƚŚĞƉĞƌĨĞĐƚĞŵďŽĚŝŵĞŶƚŽĨƚŚĞĐůĂƐƐŝĐĂůƐƉŝƌŝƚŽĨƚŚĞZĞŶĂŝƐƐĂŶĐĞ͘dŚĞĨƌĞƐĐŽ
ƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚƐƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇďǇƉƵƫŶŐ^ŽĐƌĂƚĞƐ͕WůĂƚŽ͕ƌŝƐƚŽƚůĞĂŶĚĞǀĞƌǇŽƚŚĞƌƉĂŐĂŶƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚĞƌ͕
ŵĂƚŚĞŵĂƟĐŝĂŶ͕ĂŶĚĂƌƟƐƚŽĨĂŶƟƋƵŝƚǇŝŶŚƵŐĞĚŝĂůŽŐƵĞŝŶĂŶŝŵĂŐŝŶĞĚĂĐĂĚĞŵǇŽĨǁŝƐĚŽŵ͘
Education is the kindling of a flame,
not the filling of a vessel
Socrates
There is nothing more divine than

education. It is only through education
that one truly becomes
Plato
Educating the mind without educating

the heart is no education at all
Aristotle
editor-in-chief
Bernadette Dunn
CONTENTS
contributing editor
Wendy Shepherd
editoral committee
Anthony Semann
Colin Slattery
designer ůǁĂǇƐŽƉĞŶƚŽůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐʹ Anthony Semann interviews Susan Franco 6

Anne-Marie Fernandes
Leaning into life’s philosophy 8
contributors ^Ž͕ǇŽƵǁĂŶƚƚŽďĞĂŶĞĂƌůǇĐŚŝůĚŚŽŽĚƚŚĞŽƌŝƐƚͲĂƐƚŽƌǇʹLeanne Logan 10
Alissa Haddad
Alma Fleet hŶĚĞƌƚŚĞ^ƉŽƚůŝŐŚƚǁŝƚŚ Wendy Shepherd 12
Anthony Semann
Adam Christie
/ŶŇƵĞŶƟĂůƚŚŝŶŬĞƌƐ͗dĞĂĐŚĞƌƐ͕ƉĞĚĂŐŽŐŝƐƚĂƐ͕ĂƚĞůŝĞƌŝƐƚĂƐĂŶĚĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ
Bernadette Dunn ʹƌ^ƚĞĨĂŶŝĂ'ŝĂŵŵŝŶƵƟ 14
Cara Mearns
Colin Slattery /ŶŇƵĞŶƟĂůƚŚŝŶŬĞƌƐ͗/ŶĞĞĚƚŽƌĞĂĚŵŽƌĞʹ Lisa Bryant 17
Daniel Freeman &ƌŽŵƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇƚŽƉĞĚĂŐŽŐǇĂŶĐŚŽƌĞĚŝŶĂŬŽʹ Jenna Close 18
Emma Rattenbury
Fiona Zinn /ŶŇƵĞŶƟĂůƚŚŝŶŬĞƌƐ͗>ŽƌŝƐDĂůĂŐƵǌǌŝ͕ƚŚĞŵĂŶ͕ƚŚĞƚŚŝŶŬŝŶŐ͕ƚŚĞůĞŐĂĐǇ
Jacoba Mataopo
ʹFiona Zinn & Cara Mearns 20
Jane Warnock
Jenna Close The role of leadership in shaping philosophy in early childhood
Josh Pinch
Karen Hope ĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶƉƌŽŐƌĂŵƐʹŽůŝŶ^ůĂƩĞƌǇ 23
Kiki Gould tŚĂƚǁĞƐĞĞĚĞƉĞŶĚƐŽŶǁŚĂƚǁĞůŽŽŬĨŽƌʹKaren Hope 24
Laura Stone
Leanne Logan dŚĞŚŝŐŚĐŽƵŶƚƌǇŽĨsŝĐƚŽƌŝĂʹĞƌŶĂĚĞƩĞƵŶŶ 27
Leora Aksman-Glosz
Lisa Bryant zĂĐŬĂŶĚĂŶĚĂŚ͛Ɛ:ĞǁĞů͗&ĞĂƚŚĞƌΘƌƵŵ 28
Lou Greenwood /ŶŇƵĞŶƟĂůƚŚŝŶŬĞƌƐ͗dŚĞƚŚĞŽƌŝƐƚƐĂŶĚŵĞʹDr Alma Fleet 33
Mark Powell
Michelle Walker WůĂǇŝŶŐǁŝƚŚ͚ƉĞĚĂĚŽŐŐǇ͛ʹDr Red Ruby Scarlet 36
Rachel Flottman
Red Ruby Scarlet ĨĂŵŝůǇĐĞŶƚƌĞĚĂƉƉƌŽĂŚʹŝŶĐŽŶǀĞƌƐĂƟŽŶǁŝƚŚ:ŽƐŚWŝŶĐŚ 40
Ric McConaghy ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚtĂƚĐŚ͗tŚĂƚ͛ƐŝŶĂƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇƐƚĂƚĞŵĞŶƚ͍
Stefania Giamminuti
Susan Cooper ʹKiri Gould & Jacoba Matopa 44
Susan Franco /ŶŇƵĞŶƟĂůƚŚŝŶŬĞƌƐ͗/ŵĂŐŝŶŐƚŚĞƉŽƐƐŝďŝůŝƟĞƐŶŽƚǇĞƚŝŵĂŐŝŶĞĚʹĚĂŵŚƌŝƐƟĞ 53
Wendy Shepherd
/ĨŽƌŐĞƚ͘͘͘ʹRic McConaghy 54
for advertorial enquiries
Bernadette Dunn ƵůƟǀĂƟŶŐƐĞůĨͲĐŽŵƉĂƐƐŝŽŶ͗ƌĞĂƟŶŐĐƵůƚƵƌĞƐŽĨŬŝŶĚŶĞƐƐʹZĂĐŚĞů&ůŽƩŵĂŶ 55
[email protected] /ŶŇƵĞŶƟĂůƚŚŝŶŬĞƌƐ͗/ŶƉƌĂŝƐĞŽĨŚĂďŝƚƐ 56
for subscription enquiries <ŝĚƐ͗hŶƉĂĐŬŝŶŐƚŚĞůƵĞǇƉŚĞŶŽŵĞŶŽŶŝŶĞĂƌůǇĐŚŝůĚŚŽŽĚĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ
[email protected]
ʹLaura Stone 58
/ŶŇƵĞŶƟĂůƚŚŝŶŬĞƌƐ͗ƉĞĚĂŐŽŐǇĨŽƌŽƵƌƟŵĞʹDĂƌŬWŽǁĞůů 62
This publication is printed on
recycled paper. /ŶŇƵĞŶƟĂůƚŚŝŶŬĞƌƐ͗ŵŵŝWŝĐŬůĞƌʹAlissa Haddad 66
/ŶŇƵĞŶƟĂůƚŚŝŶŬĞƌƐ͗&ƌĞĚĞƌŝĐŚ&ƌŽďĞů͗/ŶŇƵĞŶĐŝŶŐĞĂƌůǇĐŚŝůĚŚŽŽĚƉƌĂĐƟĐĞ
ŝŶƵƐƚƌĂůŝĂƚŽĚĂǇʹLeora Aksman-Glosz 61
www.semannslattery.com/pedagogy
/ŶĨƵĞŶƟĂůƚŚŝŶŬĞƌƐ͗&ƌŝĞĚƌŝĐŚEŝĞƚǌƐĐŚĞʹDaniel Freeman 71
/ŶŇƵĞŶƟĂůƚŚŝŶŬĞƌƐ͗Sir Ken Robinson ʹSusan Cooper 75
tŚŽůĞĂĚƐƚŚĞůĞĂĚĞƌ͕ǁŚŽŵĞŶƚŽƌƐƚŚĞŵĞŶƚŽƌ͕ǁŚŽĐŽĂĐŚĞƐƚŚĞĐŽĂĐŚ
ʹJane Warnock 76
KŶƚŚĞŽƌŝƐƚƐĂŶĚƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚĞƌƐʹLeanne Logan 78
tŚŽƚĞĂĐŚĞƐǁŚŽŵ͕ƚŚĞƉŽǁĞƌŽĨ͚ŐŽŐǇ͛ʹMichelle Walker 80
,ŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂůĐŽŶƚĞǆƚŽĨůĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉŝŶʹŽůŝŶ^ůĂƩĞƌǇ 82
,ŽƚdŽƉŝĐ͗/ͲǁŚĂƚĚŽǁĞŬŶŽǁĂŶĚŚŽǁƐŚŽƵůĚǁĞƵƐĞŝƚ͍ʹĞƌŶĂĚĞƩĞƵŶŶ 84
See page 68 hŶůĞĂƐŚŝŶŐƚŚĞŚĂƚ'WdƌĞǀŽůƵƟŽŶʹLisa Bryant 88
for details dƌĂƵŵĂͲŝŶĨŽƌŵĞĚƉƌĂĐƟĐĞʹŵŵĂZĂƩĞŶďƵƌǇ 90
5
PEDAGOGY+
the art of teaching
/ŶƚŚŝƐ/ƐƐƵĞŽĨWĞĚĂŐŽŐǇнǁĞĞǆƉůŽƌĞƚŚĞŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚƌŽůĞƚŚĞŽƌŝĞƐĂŶĚƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĞƐƉůĂǇŝŶƚŚĞĞǀĞƌǇĚĂǇ͘dŚĞǁŽƌĚ
ƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇĐŽŵĞƐĨƌŽŵ ƚŚĞ 'ƌĞĞŬĨŽƌ ͚ůŽǀĞŽĨ ǁŝƐĚŽŵ͕͛ĂŶĚ ǁĞďĞůŝĞǀĞƚŚĂƚ ŝƚ ŝƐ ƚŚĞ ůŽǀĞŽĨ ƉƵƌƐƵŝŶŐ ďŝŐ ŝĚĞĂƐ
ĂŶĚƚŚĞǁŝƐĚŽŵŽĨƚŚĞƉĂƐƚƚŚĂƚĐĂŶŚĂǀĞĂŶŝŵƉĂĐƚŽŶƋƵĂůŝƚǇŶŽǁĂŶĚŝŶƚŽƚŚĞĨƵƚƵƌĞ͘KŌĞŶƐĞĞŶĂƐĂǁĂǇŽĨ
ƚŚŝŶŬŝŶŐĐŽŶĮŶĞĚƚŽĂĐĂĚĞŵŝĐůŝĨĞ͕ǁĞŚŽƉĞƚŽĚŝƐƉĞůƚŚĂƚƚŚŝŶŬŝŶŐĂƐǁĞĞǆƉůŽƌĞƚŚĞǀĂƌŝŽƵƐǁĂǇƐŝŶǁŚŝĐŚŝĚĞĂƐ
ŝŵƉĂĐƚǁŚĂƚǁĞĚŽŝŶƚŚĞĞǀĞƌǇĚĂǇ͘tĞƐŚŽǁĐĂƐĞĂƌƟĐůĞƐƚŚĂƚŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƚĞƚŚĞŶĞǆƵƐďĞƚǁĞĞŶƚŚĞŽƌǇĂŶĚƉƌĂĐƟĐĞ
ĂŶĚ ƉƌĂĐƟĐĞ ŽŶ ƚŚĞŽƌǇ͕ ĂŶĚ ŽƵƌ ĂƵƚŚŽƌƐ ƐŚĂƌĞ ǁŝƚŚ ǇŽƵ Ă ƌĂŶŐĞ ŽĨ ƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚĞƌƐ ĂŶĚ ŚŽǁ ƚŚĞŝƌ ŝĚĞĂƐ ĐŽŶƟŶƵĞ
ƚŽ ŝŶŇƵĞŶĐĞ ƚŚĞŝƌ ǁŽƌŬ͘ dŚĞ ŝŶƚƌŽĚƵĐƟŽŶ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ŶĞǁ ĂƌůǇ zĞĂƌƐ >ĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ &ƌĂŵĞǁŽƌŬ ĂŶĚ DǇ dŝŵĞ KƵƌ WůĂĐĞ
ĂůƐŽďƌŝŶŐƐůŝĨĞƚŽĂƌĂŶŐĞŽĨƚŚĞŽƌŝĞƐ͖ƚŚĞƐĞĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚƐŝŶǀŝƚĞĞĚƵĐĂƚŽƌƐĂŶĚƚĞĂĐŚĞƌƐƚŽĞǆĞƌĐŝƐĞǁŝƐĚŽŵŝŶƚŚĞŝƌ
ƉĞĚĂŐŽŐŝĐĂůĚĞĐŝƐŝŽŶͲŵĂŬŝŶŐ͘ƌŝŶŐŝŶŐƚŚŝƐ/ƐƐƵĞƚŽŐĞƚŚĞƌŚĂƐďĞĞŶĐŚĂůůĞŶŐŝŶŐʹŝƚŝƐŝŵƉŽƐƐŝďůĞƚŽďƌŝŶŐƚŽƚŚĞ
ƉĂŐĞƐŽĨƚŚŝƐƉƵďůŝĐĂƟŽŶƚŚĞĞŶĚůĞƐƐĂƌƌĂǇŽĨƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĞƐĂŶĚƚŚĞŽƌŝĞƐƚŚĂƚĞǆŝƐƚ͕ĂŶĚƐŽ͕ĂƐŽĨŽƵƌŶĞǆƚ/ƐƐƵĞƚŚĞƌĞ
ǁŝůůďĞĂƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇͬƚŚĞŽƌǇĨĞĂƚƵƌĞ͘͘͘ĐŽŵŵĞŶĐŝŶŐǁŝƚŚƚŚĞƚŚŝŶŬŝŶŐŽĨZƵĚŽůƉŚ^ƚĞŝŶĞƌ͘
WŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇŝƐĨĂƐĐŝŶĂƟŶŐƐƵďũĞĐƚŵĂƩĞƌʹŝƚŝƐĂŶĂŐĞůĞƐƐƉƵƌƐƵŝƚƚŚĂƚƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐĞŶĚůĞƐƐƉŽƐƐŝďŝůŝƟĞƐĨŽƌƚŚŝŶŬŝŶŐĂŶĚ
ƚŚĞďƌŝŶŐŝŶŐƚŽŐĞƚŚĞƌŽĨƌŝĐŚĂŶĚƐƵŐŐĞƐƟǀĞƉĞƌƐƉĞĐƟǀĞƐ͘/ĨƚŚŝƐ/ƐƐƵĞďĞŐŝŶƐǇŽƵƌũŽƵƌŶĞǇĂůŽŶŐƐŝĚĞĐŽŶƚĞŵƉŽƌĂƌǇ
ĂŶĚƚƌĂĚŝƟŽŶĂůƚŚĞŽƌŝĞƐĂŶĚƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĞƐ͕ƚŚĞŶǁĞŚĂǀĞƐĞƌǀĞĚŽƵƌƌĞĂĚĞƌƐǁĞůů͘
Anthony Semann Colin Slattery

6
ALWAYS
OPEN TO
LEARNING
WITH SUSAN FRANCO
INTERVIEWED BY ANTHONY SEMANN
WE ARE SO PLEASED TO HAVE THIS

OPPORTUNITY TO INTERVIEW YOU. CAN YOU
Susan Franco is the Approved SHARE WITH US YOUR JOURNEY INTO THE
Provider at Explore & EARLY EDUCATION SECTOR?
'HYHORS/LO\ƪHOG6KH
continues to pioneer quality dŚĂƚ͛ƐĂŶŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐƋƵĞƐƟŽŶďĞĐĂƵƐĞŵǇĮƌƐƚĐĂƌĞĞƌǁĂƐŶŽƚ
as an essential component ŝŶ ĞĂƌůǇ ĐŚŝůĚŚŽŽĚ ĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ͘ / ŐƌĞǁ ƵƉ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ĐŽƵŶƚƌǇ ĂŶĚ
of children’s experience ĂůǁĂǇƐǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽďĞĂƚĞĂĐŚĞƌ͕ďƵƚƚŚĞŶ/ƚŚŽƵŐŚƚũŽƵƌŶĂůŝƐŵ
in an early education ĂŶĚŵĂƌŬĞƟŶŐǁŽƵůĚďĞĨĂďƵůŽƵƐ͘/ǁĞŶƚŽīĂŶĚǁŽƌŬĞĚŝŶ
VLWH+HUWHDPKDVDFOHDU ŵĂƌŬĞƟŶŐ ĂŶĚ ũŽƵƌŶĂůŝƐŵ ĨŽƌ ŶĞĂƌůǇ ϮϬ ǇĞĂƌƐ͘ ǀĞŶƚƵĂůůǇ͕ /
commitment to equity and ĚĞĐŝĚĞĚ ƚŚĞ ĐŽƌƉŽƌĂƚĞ ǁŽƌůĚ ǁĂƐ ŶŽ ůŽŶŐĞƌ ĨŽƌ ŵĞ͘ / ǁĂƐ
VRFLDOMXVWLFH6XVDQEHOLHYHV ƚƌĂǀĞůůŝŶŐĂůŽƚĂŶĚĨĞůƚƚŚĂƚ/ǁĂƐŶ͛ƚƉĂƌƚŽĨĂĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚǇ͘dŚĂƚ
pedagogical transformation ŝƐǁŚǇ/ƐƚĂƌƚĞĚŵǇŽǁŶĐĞŶƚƌĞĂŶĚďĞĐĂŵĞŝŶǀŽůǀĞĚŝŶĂĐůŽƐĞͲ
results from a deep and ŬŶŝƚĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚǇ͘dŚŝƐǁĂƐŶ͛ƚĂŶĞĂƐǇĐĂƌĞĞƌŵŽǀĞ͕ĂŶĚŝƚƚŽŽŬ
ongoing commitment to ŵĞϭϴŵŽŶƚŚƐƚŽŚĂǀĞƚŚĞĐŽƵƌĂŐĞƚŽƐĂǇƚŽŵǇŚƵƐďĂŶĚƚŚĂƚ
OHDUQLQJ /ǁĂŶƚĞĚĂĐŽŵƉůĞƚĞĐĂƌĞĞƌĐŚĂŶŐĞĂŶĚƚŚĂƚĞĂƌůǇĐŚŝůĚŚŽŽĚ
ĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶŝƐǁŚĞƌĞŵǇŚĞĂƌƚŝƐ͘
7
HOW HAS THIS CAREER JOURNEY BEEN SO FAR? YOU’VE DONE SOME AMAZING WORK ABOUT
ABORIGINAL PERSPECTIVES EVER SINCE I’VE
/ŶĂůůŚŽŶĞƐƚǇ͕/ůŽǀĞŝƚ͘/ƚŝƐŵƵĐŚŚĂƌĚĞƌƚŚĂŶ/͛ǀĞĞǀĞƌǁŽƌŬĞĚ͕ KNOWN YOU. IT’S BEEN A LONG MARATHON
ďƵƚƚŚĂƚƐĂŝĚ͕ŝƚŝƐƐŽǁŽƌƚŚǁŚŝůĞ͘^ƚƵĚǇŝŶŐĨŽƌŵǇĚĞŐƌĞĞĂŶĚ FOR YOU, HASN’T IT?
ƌƵŶŶŝŶŐĂŶĞĂƌůǇĐŚŝůĚŚŽŽĚƉƌŽŐƌĂŵǁĂƐĂƌĞĂůũƵŐŐůĞ͘ƵƚŵǇ
ůŽǀĞĨŽƌůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐŬĞƉƚŵĞŐŽŝŶŐ͘>ĞĂƌŶŝŶŐĚƌŝǀĞƐŵǇƉĂƐƐŝŽŶ /ƚ͛Ɛ ŶŽƚ ĂŶ ŽǀĞƌŶŝŐŚƚ ŵĂƌĂƚŚŽŶ͕ ƚŚĂƚ͛Ɛ ĨŽƌ ƐƵƌĞ͘ /ƚ͛Ɛ Ă
ĨŽƌ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƟŶŐ ǇŽƵŶŐ ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ ŝŶ ƚŚĞŝƌ ůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ ũŽƵƌŶĞǇ͘ /͛ǀĞ ĐŽŵŵŝƚŵĞŶƚ ƚŚĂƚ ŶĞĞĚƐ ƚŽ ĐŽŵĞ ĨƌŽŵ ƚŚĞ ƚŽƉ ĚŽǁŶ
ĂůǁĂǇƐďĞĞŶƚŚĂƚĐŚŝůĚƚŚĂƚǁĂƐĐƵƌŝŽƵƐĂďŽƵƚƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚ͕ĂŶĚ ĂŶĚ ŝŶĮůƚƌĂƚĞ ŝŶƚŽ Ăůů ƉƌĂĐƟĐĞƐ͘ /Ĩ ůĞĂĚĞƌƐ ĂƌĞŶ͛ƚ ĂůůŝĞƐ ĂŶĚ
/ǁĂŶƚƚŽŽīĞƌƚŚŝƐƚŽĂůůĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͘/ďĞůŝĞǀĞƚŚĂƚto succeed in ĂĚǀŽĐĂƚĞƐ͕ ĞǆƉĞĐƟŶŐ ƐƚĂī ƚŽ ǁŽƌŬ ƚŽǁĂƌĚƐ ƐŽĐŝĂů ũƵƐƟĐĞ
this career; you should always be open to learning because ĂŶĚ ƌĞĐŽŶĐŝůŝĂƟŽŶ ŝƐ ŚĂƌĚ͘ &Žƌ ƵƐ͕ ŚĂǀŝŶŐ ŽƵƌ ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ ƐĞĞ
learning opens up the world. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people and culture in all
ŝƚƐǁŽŶĚĞƌĨƵůĨŽƌŵƐĂŶĚĐŽŵƉůĞǆŝƟĞƐǁĂƐƌĞĂůůǇŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŝŶĂ
ƚƌĂĚŝƟŽŶĂůĂŶĚĐŽŶƚĞŵƉŽƌĂƌǇĐŽŶƚĞǆƚ͘tĞŚĂǀĞĂůƐŽǁŽƌŬĞĚĂƚ
YOU ARE A GREAT ADVOCATE, INCLUDING
ĂƐǇƐƚĞŵƐůĞǀĞů͕ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐǁŝƚŚŽƵƌĨĂŵŝůŝĞƐ͘tĞŚĂǀĞĞǆƉůŽƌĞĚ
PRESENTING AT CONFERENCES AND HAVE A
ŚŽǁ ďŽƌŝŐŝŶĂů ƉĞƌƐƉĞĐƟǀĞƐ ĐĂŶ ďĞ ŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƚĞĚ ŝŶƚŽ ƉƌĂĐƟĐĞ
VERY ENGAGING INTERNAL PROFESSIONAL
DEVELOPMENT CALENDAR FOR YOUR TEAM. I ĂŶĚ ŚŽǁ ŝƚ ůŝǀĞƐ ǁŝƚŚŝŶ ŽƵƌ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚǇ͘ DŽƌĞ ƌĞĐĞŶƚůǇ͕ ǁĞ
SENSE YOU SEE PROFESSIONAL LEARNING AS ŚĂǀĞďĞĞŶŐŽŝŶŐŽŶĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚǇǁĂůŬƐ͕ĂŶĚhŶĐůĞ:ŝŵŵǇŚĂƐ
CRITICAL TO GROWTH. ďĞĞŶĐŽŵŝŶŐƚŽŽƵƌĐĞŶƚƌĞĨŽƌƉƌŽďĂďůǇĮǀĞŽƌƐŝǆǇĞĂƌƐ͕ǁŚŝĐŚ
ŚĂƐďĞĞŶĂŶĚĐŽŶƟŶƵĞƐƚŽďĞĂǁŽŶĚĞƌĨƵůĞǆƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞĨŽƌĂůů͘
/ĚŽďĞĐĂƵƐĞŵǇŐƌĂŶĚƉĂƌĞŶƚƐŽŶůǇǁĞŶƚƚŽƐĐŚŽŽůƵŶƟůƚŚĞ ŶĚŵŽǀŝŶŐŝŶƚŽE/KǁĞĞŬ͕ǁĞŚĂǀĞďĞĞŶĞǆĐĞƉƟŽŶĂůůǇ
ĂŐĞŽĨϭϮŽƌϭϯ͕ĂŶĚ/ƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚƚŚĂƚĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶŝƐƚŚĞƟĐŬĞƚ ĂĐƟǀĞĂďŽƵƚƚĂůŬŝŶŐĂďŽƵƚƚŚĞsŽŝĐĞƌĞĨĞƌĞŶĚƵŵƚŚĂƚ͛ƐĐŽŵŝŶŐ
to anywhere in life͘dŚŝƐŵŽƟǀĂƚĞƐŵĞƚŽǁĂŶƚŽƚŚĞƌƐƚŽĞŶũŽǇ ƵƉ͕ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐŵĂŬŝŶŐŽƵƌƉŽůŝƟĐƐĐůĞĂƌƚŽĨĂŵŝůŝĞƐ͘tĞĚŽŶ͛ƚ
ůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐͶŽŶĐĞ ǇŽƵ ƐƚŽƉ ůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ͕ ǇŽƵƌ ƉƌĂĐƟĐĞ ďĞĐŽŵĞƐ ďĞůŝĞǀĞĐŚĂŶŐĞĐŽŵĞƐƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƐŝůĞŶĐĞ͘
ƌĞĚƵŶĚĂŶƚ͘ ĐŽŵŵŝƚŵĞŶƚ ƚŽ ƋƵĂůŝƚǇ ĂůǁĂǇƐ ĐŽŵĞƐ ĨƌŽŵ Ă
ĐŽŵŵŝƚŵĞŶƚƚŽůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐďŽƚŚĂƐĂŶŝŶĚŝǀŝĚƵĂůĂŶĚĂƐĂƐŝƚĞ͘ SO WHAT AWAITS YOUR CENTRE IN THE NEXT
>ĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ ŽƉĞŶƐ ƵƉ ƉŽƐƐŝďŝůŝƟĞƐ͕ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĂƚ͛Ɛ ǁŚĂƚ ŵĂŬĞƐ ƚŚĞ FIVE YEARS?
ǁŽƌůĚŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐ͖ůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐŵŽƌĞĂďŽƵƚƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚĂŶĚďĞŝŶŐ
ŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƚĞĚŝŶƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚǁĞůŝǀĞŝŶ͘/ƚĚŽĞƐŶ͛ƚŵĂƩĞƌǁŚĂƚƚŚĞ &ŽƌƵƐ͕ŝƚ͛ƐĂďŽƵƚĐŽŶƟŶƵŝŶŐƚŽďƵŝůĚĂŶĚĞŵďĞĚƚŚĞďŽƌŝŐŝŶĂů
ƋƵĂůŝĮĐĂƟŽŶƐĂƌĞǁŝƚŚŝŶŵǇƚĞĂŵ͕everybody has some rich ĂŶĚ dŽƌƌĞƐ ^ƚƌĂŝƚ /ƐůĂŶĚĞƌ ƉĞƌƐƉĞĐƟǀĞ ƐŽ ŝƚ ďĞĐŽŵĞƐ ĞǀĞŶ
ŐŝŌƐ ƚŚĂƚ ǁĞ ŶĞĞĚ ƚŽ ƵŶĞĂƌƚŚ͘ Ǉ ƉƌŽǀŝĚŝŶŐ ŽƉƉŽƌƚƵŶŝƟĞƐ ĚĞĞƉĞƌ ĂŶĚ ƌŝĐŚĞƌ ƚŚĂŶ ƚŽĚĂǇ͘ / ĂůƐŽ ŚĂǀĞ Ă ĐŽŵŵŝƚŵĞŶƚ ƚŽ
for sharing learning, we enable this͘ /ƚ ŽīĞƌƐ ƉĞŽƉůĞ ƚŚĞ ƵƉƐŬŝůůŝŶŐŽƵƌĞĚƵĐĂƚŽƌƐ͘dŚŝƐŵĞĂŶƐƐƵƉƉŽƌƟŶŐŵŽƌĞƉĞŽƉůĞ
ĐŽŶĮĚĞŶĐĞ ƚŽ ƐŚŝŶĞ Ă ůŝŐŚƚ ŽŶ ƚŚĞŵƐĞůǀĞƐ Ă ůŝƩůĞ ďŝƚ͕ ĂŶĚ ƚŽ ĞŶƌŽů ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵƉůĞƚĞ ƚŚĞŝƌ ƚĞĂĐŚŝŶŐ ĚĞŐƌĞĞƐ͘ ŶĚ ĨŽƌ ŵĞ͕
ƚŚĂƚ͛ƐĂůƐŽŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚƚŽĨĂĐŝůŝƚĂƚĞƚĞĂŵǁŽƌŬ͘ ŝƚ͛Ɛ ĂďŽƵƚ ĐŽŶƟŶƵŝŶŐ ŵǇ ũŽƵƌŶĞǇ ŽĨ ůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ŐƌŽǁŝŶŐ͘ /
ĚŽŶ͛ƚǁĂŶƚƚŽůĂŶĚŝŶĂƐƉŽƚǁŚĞƌĞ/ƚŚŝŶŬ/ŬŶŽǁĞǀĞƌǇƚŚŝŶŐ
YOU HAVE ALSO ADVOCATED FOR DIVERSITY ŽƌŚĂǀĞĂĐŚŝĞǀĞĚĞǀĞƌǇƚŚŝŶŐ͘/ǁĂŶƚƚŽŬĞĞƉŐƌŽǁŝŶŐĂŶĚƐĞĞ
OF IDEAS AND PRACTICES IN ALL ITS FORMS. ƚŚŝƐŐƌŽǁƚŚĂĐƌŽƐƐƚŚĞĐĞŶƚƌĞ͘
CAN YOU SHARE YOUR THOUGHTS ABOUT THIS
WITH US? GIVE ME THREE WORDS THAT DESCRIBE
SUSAN FRANCO AS AN EARLY CHILDHOOD
tŚĞŶ ǇŽƵ ĂƩĞŶĚ Ă ĐŽŶĨĞƌĞŶĐĞ Žƌ Ă ƉƌŽĨĞƐƐŝŽŶĂů ůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ PROFESSIONAL.
ƉƌŽŐƌĂŵ͕ ǇŽƵ ƐƚĂƌƚ ƚĂƉƉŝŶŐ ŝŶƚŽ ŽƚŚĞƌ ŝĚĞĂƐ Žƌ ĞŶĐŽƵŶƚĞƌ
ƉĞŽƉůĞ ǁŚŽ ĚŽŶ͛ƚ ƚŚŝŶŬ ůŝŬĞ ǇŽƵ͕ ǁŚŝĐŚ ŝƐ ǁŽŶĚĞƌĨƵůůǇ ƌŝĐŚ͘ dŚƌĞĞ ǁŽƌĚƐ͘ / Ăŵ ƉĂƐƐŝŽŶĂƚĞ͕ ĐŽŵŵŝƩĞĚ ĂŶĚ ƉĞƌƐŝƐƚĞŶƚ͘
WĞŽƉůĞ ĂƌĞ ƐŽ ǁŝůůŝŶŐ ƚŽ ƐŚĂƌĞ ƚŚĞŝƌ ƚŚŝŶŬŝŶŐ͘ ,ĂǀŝŶŐ ĐŽŵĞ dŚĂƚ͛ƐƉƌŽďĂďůǇǁŚĂƚŵǇƚĞĂŵǁŽƵůĚƐĂǇĂďŽƵƚŵĞ͚͗ĞƐƉŝƚĞ
ĨƌŽŵ Ă ĐŽƌƉŽƌĂƚĞ ůĂŶĚƐĐĂƉĞ͕ ƚŚĂƚ ǁĂƐŶ͛ƚ ƌĞĂůůǇ ŚŽǁ ƚŚŝŶŐƐ ƚŚĞĐƵƌǀĞďĂůůƐƚŚĂƚĐŽŵĞŇǇŝŶŐƚŽǁĂƌĚƐŵĞ͕/ŬĞĞƉƉƵƐŚŝŶŐ
ǁĞƌĞ ĚŽŶĞ͘ /ƚ ǁĂƐ ůŝŬĞ͕ ŚĞƌĞ͛Ɛ Ă ƉŽůŝĐǇ͕ ŚĞƌĞ͛Ɛ Ă ƉƌŽĐĞĚƵƌĞ͕ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ͛͘/͛ŵƉĂƐƐŝŽŶĂƚĞĞŶŽƵŐŚƚŽŬŶŽǁƚŚĂƚǁŚĞŶ/ƉƵƚŵǇ
ŚĞƌĞ͛Ɛ Ă ƉƌŽƚŽĐŽů͘ dŚŝƐ ŝƐ ũƵƐƚ ŚŽǁ ǁĞ ĚŽ ƚŚĂƚ͘ tŚĞƌĞĂƐ ŝŶ ŚĞĂƌƚĂŶĚŚĞĂĚŝŶƚŽƐŽŵĞƚŚŝŶŐĚĞƐƉŝƚĞĂŶǇĐŚĂůůĞŶŐĞ͕/ǁŽŶ͛ƚ
ƚŚĞĞĂƌůǇǇĞĂƌƐƐĞĐƚŽƌ͕ƚŚĞƌĞŝƐƐĐŽƉĞƚŽƚŚŝŶŬĂŶĚĚŽƚŚŝŶŐƐ ŐŝǀĞ ƵƉ͕ ĂŶĚ / ŚŽƉĞ ƚŚĂƚ ŝƐ ƐŽŵĞƚŚŝŶŐ ŽƵƌ ĞŶƟƌĞ ƐĞĐƚŽƌ ĐĂŶ
ĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚůǇ͘ dŚĞƐĞ ĚŝīĞƌĞŶĐĞƐ ĂƌĞ Ă ƌĞĂů ŐŝŌ ĂŶĚ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ ĞŵďƌĂĐĞ͘
ĐƌĞĂƟǀŝƚǇŝŶƚŚŝŶŬŝŶŐĂŶĚƉƌĂĐƟĐĞ͘tĞƐŚŽƵůĚĞŵďƌĂĐĞƚŚĞƐĞ
ŽƉƉŽƌƚƵŶŝƟĞƐƌĂƚŚĞƌƚŚĂŶďĞƐĐĂƌĞĚŽĨƚŚĞŵ͘
8
LEANING INTO LIFE’S

PHILOSOPHY
zŽƵƐƚĂƌĞŝŶƚŽƚŚĞůŝŵŝƚůĞƐƐŶŝŐŚƚƐŬǇĂŶĚĂĐĂƌƉĞƚŽĨƐƚĂƌƐ͙
tŽŶĚĞƌĂƚƚŚĞĐůŽƵĚƐĂƐƚŚĞǇĚƌŝŌĂĐƌŽƐƐĂĐĞůĞƐƟĂůŚĞĂǀĞŶ
zŽƵŐĂǌĞĂƚĂƐůĞĞƉŝŶŐŝŶĨĂŶƚ͙
DĂƌǀĞůĂƚƚŚĞƚĞŶĂĐŝƚǇĂŶĚĨƌĂŐŝůŝƚǇŽĨĂďƵƩĞƌŇǇďƌĞĂŬŝŶŐĨƌĞĞŽĨƚŚĞĐŽĐŽŽŶ
zŽƵƐŚĂĚĞǇŽƵƌĞǇĞƐĂŐĂŝŶƐƚƚŚĞƐƵŶĚŝƐĂƉƉĞĂƌŝŶŐďĞůŽǁĂĚŝƐƚĂŶƚŚŽƌŝǌŽŶ͙
Vibrate with the crash of the waves as they pound the shore
zŽƵůŝƐƚĞŶƚŽƚŚĞǁŝŶĚĂƐŝƚƚĞĂƐĞƐƚŚĞůĞĂǀĞƐĂŶĚǁŚŝƐƉĞƌƐƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞƚƌĞĞƐ͙
Or as it howls and whistles playing havoc with the world
zŽƵǁĂŬĞŝŶƚŚĞŶŝŐŚƚƚŽĐŽŵƉůĞƚĞĚĂƌŬŶĞƐƐ͙
zŽƵƚƌĞŵďůĞĂƐƚŚƵŶĚĞƌƌĞŶƚƐƚŚĞĂŝƌ͖ŇĂƐŚĞƐŽĨůŝŐŚƚŶŝŶŐŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƚĞĂĚĂƌŬĞŶĞĚƐŬǇ
/ƚŝƐŝŶŵŽŵĞŶƚƐůŝŬĞƚŚĞƐĞƚŚĂƚǇŽƵĂĐŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞƚŚĞǀĂƐƚŶĞƐƐ >ŝĨĞ ƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇ ʹ ƌĞĨĞƌĞŶĐĞƐ ďŽƚŚ ŵŽƌĂů ƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇ ĂŶĚ

ĂŶĚǁŽŶĚĞƌŽĨƚŚĞƵŶŝǀĞƌƐĞĂŶĚƋƵĞƐƟŽŶǁŚĂƚƉĂƌƚǇŽƵƉůĂǇ ƚŚĞ ƚŚĞ ƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇ ŽĨ ĞƚŚŝĐƐ͕ ǁŚĞƌĞ ǁĞ ĞǆƉůŽƌĞ ŽƵƌ ƌĞĂƐŽŶ
ʹǇŽƵ͕ĂŚĂŶĚĨƵůŽĨƐƚĂƌĚƵƐƚͶĂŵŝƐĐĞůůĂŶǇŽĨ͚ŽƌŐĂŶŝƐĞĚĂƚŽŵƐ ĨŽƌ ďĞŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ŚŽǁ ǁĞ ƐŚŽƵůĚ ďĞ͘ /Ŷ ĂƐŬŝŶŐ ǁŚĂƚ ĂƌĞ ŽŌĞŶ
ƚŚĂƚ ƐŚŝŵŵĞƌ ǁŝƚŚ ĨĂƐĐŝŶĂƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ĨĞĞůŝŶŐ͛ ʹ ǁŚĞƌĞ ǇŽƵ Įƚ͕ ƌĞĨĞƌƌĞĚƚŽĂƐƚŚĞ͚ĞŶĚƵƌŝŶŐƋƵĞƐƟŽŶƐ͛ʹƚŚĞŵĞĂŶŝŶŐŽĨůŝĨĞ
ǁŚǇ ĂŶĚ ŚŽǁ ƐŚŽƵůĚ ǇŽƵ ďĞ͘ ^Ž ďĞŐŝŶƐ ƚŚĞ ƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ĂŶĚ͚ƵƐ͕͛ǁĞĚĞůǀĞŝŶƚŽƚŚĞŵĞƚĂƉŚǇƐŝĐĂůĂŶĚĞƚŚŝĐĂů͘/ƚƐŽƵŶĚƐ
ƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇ ŽĨ ůŝĨĞ͘ &ƌŽŵ ƚŚĞ ƟŵĞ ŽĨ ĂŶƟƋƵŝƚǇ͕ ƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚĞƌƐ ŝŵŵĞŶƐĞ͕ďƵƚǁĞĂůůŚĂǀĞĂůŝĨĞƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇ͕ǁĞŵĂǇŶŽƚƌĞĂůŝƐĞ
ŚĂǀĞƉŽƐĞĚƐŝŵŝůĂƌƋƵĞƐƟŽŶƐ͘dŚĞ'ƌĞĞŬƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚĞƌ^ŽĐƌĂƚĞƐ ŝƚ Žƌ ƌĞĨĞƌ ƚŽ ŝƚ ĞǀĞƌǇ ĚĂǇ͕ ďƵƚ ŝƚ ůŝǀĞƐ ŝŶ Ăůů ǁĞ ĚŽ͘ KƵƌ ůŝĨĞ
is considered by many to be the founding father of Western ƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇĚĞƚĞƌŵŝŶĞƐŽƵƌǀĂůƵĞƐ͖ŽƵƌǀĂůƵĞƐĚĞƚĞƌŵŝŶĞŽƵƌ
ƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇ͘,ĞƚƌĂǀĞƌƐĞĚƚŚĞŵĂƌŬĞƚƉůĂĐĞƐŽĨĂŶĐŝĞŶƚƚŚĞŶƐ͕ ĚĞĐŝƐŝŽŶƐ͕ĂĐƟŽŶƐ͕ĂŶĚďĞůŝĞĨƐ͘
ĞŶŐĂŐŝŶŐǁŝƚŚĐŝƟǌĞŶƐ͕ĂƌƟƐĂŶƐ͕ƉŽĞƚƐĂŶĚŵƵƐŝĐŝĂŶƐ͕ƉĞŽƉůĞ
ĨƌŽŵ Ăůů ǁĂůŬƐ ŽĨ ůŝĨĞ͕ ƉƌŽƉŽƐŝŶŐ ƋƵĞƐƟŽŶƐͶǁŚĂƚ ŝƐ ǀŝƌƚƵĞ͕ KƵƌůŝĨĞƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇĂůƐŽŐƵŝĚĞƐŽƵƌǁŽƌŬůŝĨĞʹǁĞďƌŝŶŐŽƵƌ
ŵŽĚĞƌĂƟŽŶ͕ũƵƐƟĐĞ͕ĐŽƵƌĂŐĞ͕ǁŚǇĚŽǇŽƵƚŚŝŶŬƚŚĂƚ͙dŚƌŽƵŐŚ ǀĂůƵĞƐ͕ďĞůŝĞĨƐĂŶĚůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐƚŽŽƵƌǁŽƌŬƉůĂĐĞƐ͕ĂŶĚƐŽĚŽŽƵƌ
ƋƵĞƐƟŽŶŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ďǇ ƉƌĞƐĞŶƟŶŐ Ă ĐŽŶƚƌĂƌǇ ƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ͕ ^ŽĐƌĂƚĞƐ ĐŽůůĞĂŐƵĞƐ͘ /ƚ ŝƐ ƚŚŝƐ ͚ŝŶƚĞƌůĞĂǀĞĚ ĐŽŵƉůĞǆŝƚǇ ŽĨ ĞǆƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ͕͛
ĐĂƵƐĞĚƉĞŽƉůĞƚŽĞǆƉůŽƌĞƚŚĞŝƌƚŚŽƵŐŚƚƐĂŶĚďĞůŝĞĨƐ͕ĞŶĂďůŝŶŐ ƚŚŝƐƉƌĞĐŝŽƵƐŵƵůƟͲŚƵĞĚŶĂƌƌĂƟǀĞƚŚĂƚƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐƚŚĞƐƵďƐƚĂŶĐĞ
Śŝŵ ƚŽ ƉŽŶĚĞƌ ƚŚĞ ŵĞĂŶŝŶŐ ŽĨ ůŝĨĞ ĂŶĚ͕ ŵŽƐƚ ŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚůǇ͕ ŽŶ ǁŚŝĐŚ ǁĞ ƋƵĞƐƟŽŶ͕ ĚŝƐĐƵƐƐ͕ ĂŶĂůǇƐĞ͕ ƌĞĂƐŽŶ͕ ĂŶĚ ĐƌĞĂƚĞ
ŚŽǁ ƚŽ ůŝǀĞ Ă ŐŽŽĚ ůŝĨĞ ʹ ďĞ Ă ŐŽŽĚ ĐŝƟǌĞŶ͘ ƉƌŽůŝĨĞƌĂƟŽŶ Ă ƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇ ĨŽƌ ŽƵƌ ůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƟĞƐ ʹ ƚŚĞƌĞĨŽƌĞ͕ Ă
ŽĨ ƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚĞƌƐ ŽǀĞƌ ƚŚĞ ĂĞŽŶƐ ŚĂǀĞ ƵƐĞĚ ƚŚĞ ^ŽĐƌĂƟĐ ĐĞŶƚƌĞƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇƐŚŽƵůĚďĞǀŝďƌĂŶƚ͕ƌĞŇĞĐƚǁŝƐĚŽŵĂŶĚůŝĨĞ
ƋƵĞƐƟŽŶŝŶŐ ĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚ ʹ ĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĞĚ ƋƵĞƐƟŽŶƐ ƚŚĂƚ ĞůŝĐŝƚ ĞǆƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ͕ĂŶĚďƵƌƐƚǁŝƚŚĞŶĞƌŐǇĂŶĚůŝŐŚƚ͘
ĚĞĞƉ ƚŚŝŶŬŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ƌĞĂƐŽŶŝŶŐ ƚŽ ŝŶƚĞƌƌŽŐĂƚĞ ƚŚĞ ĐŽƐŵŽƐ ĂŶĚ
ŚƵŵĂŶŬŝŶĚ͘dŚĞŝƌĞŶĚĞĂǀŽƵƌƐ͕ŝŶĐůƵƐŝǀĞŽĨƚŚĞĂƐƚĞƌŶĐĂŶŽŶƐ
ĂŶĚƚŚĞĂŶĐŝĞŶƚ'ƌĞĞŬƐƚŽƚŚĞĐŽŶƚĞŵƉŽƌĂƌǇƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚĞƌƐŽĨ I have worked out and continue working
ƚŽĚĂǇ͕ŚĂǀĞĨĂƐŚŝŽŶĞĚĂǀĞƌŝƚĂďůĞŽĂŬƚƌĞĞŽĨƚŚŝŶŬŝŶŐĂďŽƵƚ out who I am and who I wish to be — a
ƚŚĞ ƵŶŝǀĞƌƐĞ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ ŚƵŵĂŶ ĂŶĚ ŶŽŶͲŚƵŵĂŶ ůŝĨĞ ǁŝƚŚŝŶ ŝƚ͘
private inquiry irradiated by the ultimate
dŚŝƐƋƵĞƐƚĨŽƌĚĞĞƉĞƌƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐƐĂŶĚŶĞǁǁĂǇƐŽĨďĞŝŶŐ
ŚĂǀĞƉƌŽǀŝĚĞĚƚŚĞŝŵƉĞƚƵƐĨŽƌƐŽĐŝĞƚĂůĐŚĂŶŐĞĂŶĚƐŽŵĞŽĨ
question, the great quickening of
ƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚ͛ƐŵŽƐƚƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚĂĐĐŽŵƉůŝƐŚŵĞŶƚƐ͘ thought, feeling, and wonder that binds
us all: What is all this?
Maria Popova, The Marginalian
9
'ƌĂǇůŝŶŐ ;ϮϬϮϯͿ ĂĚǀŝƐĞƐ ƚŚĂƚ ŵŽƐƚ ƉĞŽƉůĞ ĚŽ ŶŽƚ ĚŝǀĞ ƚŽŽ ŶĚ ƐŽ͕ ďĂĐŬ ƚŽ ǁŚĞƌĞ ƚŚĞ ŐĂŝŶŝŶŐ ŽĨ ǁŝƐĚŽŵ ʹ ƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇ͕
ĚĞĞƉůǇ ŝŶƚŽ ƚŚĞ ͚ŵĞĂŶŝŶŐ ŽĨ ůŝĨĞ͛ ƋƵĞƐƟŽŶƐ͕ ͚ƚŚĞǇ ŵĞƌĞůǇ ƚŚĞƐĞĞŬŝŶŐŽĨŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞĂŶĚŝŶƚĞƌƌŽŐĂƟŽŶŽĨůŝĨĞĂůŵŽƐƚĂůů
ĂŶƐǁĞƌ ƵŶƚŚŝŶŬŝŶŐůǇ ďǇ ĂĚŽƉƟŶŐ ĐŽŶǀĞŶƟŽŶĂů ǀŝĞǁƐ͙ŵŽǀĞ ďĞŐĂŶʹ^ŽĐƌĂƚĞƐǁŚŽĞǆŚŽƌƚĞĚ͕͚ƚŚĞƵŶĞǆĂŵŝŶĞĚůŝĨĞŝƐŶŽƚ
ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ ĐƌŽǁĚ͛͘ zĞƚ ǁŝƐĞ ǀŽŝĐĞƐ ĨƌŽŵ ŽƵƌ ƉĂƐƚ ĂŶĚ ƉƌĞƐĞŶƚ ǁŽƌƚŚůŝǀŝŶŐ͙͛͘
ĐŽƵŶƐĞůƵƐ͚ƚŽŬŶŽǁƚŚǇƐĞůĨ͕͚͛ŬŶŽǁŝŶŐǇŽƵƌƐĞůĨŝƐƚŚĞďĞŐŝŶŶŝŶŐ
ŽĨ Ăůů ǁŝƐĚŽŵ͕ ͚ƚŽ ďĞ ĨƌĞĞ ŝƐ ƚŽ ďĞ ĐĂƉĂďůĞ ŽĨ ƚŚŝŶŬŝŶŐ ŽŶĞ͛Ɛ
REFERENCES
ŽǁŶ ƚŚŽƵŐŚƚƐ͕͛ ͚ƚŽ ĚƌŝŶŬ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ďĞĂƵƚǇ ĂŶĚ ǁŽŶĚĞƌ Ăƚ ƚŚĞ
KƉĞŶŝŶŐƉĂƌĂŐƌĂƉŚĐŽŶĐĞƉƚ͗KŶƚĂƌŝŽsŝƌƚƵĂů^ĐŚŽŽů
ŵĞĂŶŝŶŐ ŽĨ ǁŚĂƚ ǇŽƵ ƐĞĞ͕͛ ͚ƐĞůĨͲŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞ ŝƐ ƚŚĞ ƵůƟŵĂƚĞ
'ƌĂǇůŝŶŐ͕<͘;ϮϬϮϯͿWŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇŽĨ>ŝĨĞ͕ǆƉůŽƌŝŶŐƚŚĞ'ƌĞĂƚYƵĞƐƟŽŶƐŽĨ,Žǁ
ŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞ ĂŶĚ ŝƚ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐ ƵƐ ǁŝƚŚ Ă ƌŽƵƚĞ ƚŽ Ă ŚĂƉƉǇ ĂŶĚ ƚŽ>ŝǀĞ͘hŶŝƚĞĚ<ŝŶŐĚŽŵ͘WĞŶŐƵŝŶZĂŶĚŽŵ,ŽƵƐĞ
ĨƵůĮůůŝŶŐůŝĨĞ͛;^ŽĐƌĂƚĞƐ͕ƌŝƐƚŽƚůĞ͕^ƚĞŝŶĞƌ͕ĂƌƐŽŶ͕ĚĞŽƩŽŶͿ͘
EƵƐƐďĂƵŵ͕D͘;ϭϵϵϴͿƵůƟǀĂƟŶŐ,ƵŵĂŶŝƚǇ͘ůĂƐƐŝĐĂůĞĨĞŶƐĞŽĨZĞĨŽƌŵŝŶ
DĂƌƚŚĂ EƵƐƐďĂƵŵ ;ϭϵϵϴͿ͕ ŽŶĞ ŽĨ ƚŽĚĂǇ͛Ɛ ŵŽƐƚ ĐŽŵƉĞůůŝŶŐ >ŝďĞƌĂůĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ͘,ĂƌǀĂƌĚhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇWƌĞƐƐ
ƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚĞƌƐ͕ ĂƉƉƌŝƐĞƐ ƚŚĂƚ ƚŽ ĂĐŚŝĞǀĞ ĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĂů ƌĞĨŽƌŵ ʹ
dǇůĞƌ͕:͘;ϮϬϭϴͿƉƉƌĞŶƟĐĞƐŽĨ>ŝƐƚĞŶŝŶŐ
ŵŽǀĞŽƵƌǁŽƌůĚƚŽĂďĞƩĞƌƉůĂĐĞ͕ǁĞŵƵƐƚ͚ĐƵůƟǀĂƚĞŚƵŵĂŶŝƚǇ͛͘ >K'ŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘ƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇͲĨŽƵŶĚĂƟŽŶ͘ŽƌŐͬďůŽŐͬĂƉƉƌĞŶƟĐĞƐͲŽĨͲůŝƐƚĞŶŝŶŐ
<ĞǇƚŽƚŚŝƐŝƐŽƵƌ͚ĂďŝůŝƚǇƚŽĐƌŝƟĐĂůůǇĞǆĂŵŝŶĞŽŶĞƐĞůĨĂŶĚŽŶĞ͛Ɛ
ĂŵƵƐ͕ ͘ ;ϮϬϭϯͿ dŚĞ DǇƚŚ ŽĨ ^ŝƐǇƉŚƵƐ ;ƐƐĂǇ >Ğ DǇƚŚĞ ĚĞ ^ŝƐǇƉŚĞ ϭϵϰϮͿ
ƚƌĂĚŝƟŽŶƐ͛͘ WĞƌŚĂƉƐ ŝĨ ǁĞ ƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ ŽƵƌƐĞůǀĞƐ ĂƐ ͚ĂƉƉƌĞŶƟĐĞƐ hŶŝƚĞĚ<ŝŶŐĚŽŵ͘WĞŶŐƵŝŶϭƐƚĞĚŝƟŽŶ
ŽĨůŝƐƚĞŶŝŶŐ͛ʹƚŽŽƵƌƐĞůǀĞƐ͕ƚŽƚŚĞǁŝƐĚŽŵŽĨŽƚŚĞƌƐ͕ĂŶĚƚŽ ƌŽǁŶ͕͘;ϮϬϭϲͿĂƌŝŶŐ'ƌĞĂƚůǇ,ŽǁƚŚĞŽƵƌĂŐĞƚŽďĞsƵůŶĞƌĂďůĞdƌĂŶƐĨŽƌŵƐ
ŽƵƌĂŝůŝŶŐǁŽƌůĚ͕ŽƵƌůŝĨĞƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĞƐĐŽůůĞĐƟǀĞůǇǁŝůůĐƌĞĂƚĞĂ ƚŚĞtĂǇtĞ>ŝǀĞ͕>ŽǀĞ͕WĂƌĞŶƚĂŶĚ>ĞĂĚ͘hŶŝƚĞĚ<ŝŶŐĚŽŵ͘WĞŶŐƵŝŶh<
ďĞƩĞƌŚƵŵĂŶŬŝŶĚĂŶĚĂďƌŝŐŚƚĞƌĨƵƚƵƌĞĨŽƌĂůů͘ ^ŽĐƌĂƚĞƐʹƚŚĞƵŶĞǆĂŵŝŶĞĚůŝĨĞ͘WůĂƚŽ͛ƐƉŽůŽŐǇ;ϯϴĂϱʹϲͿ
ŚƩƉ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘ƉĞƌƐĞƵƐ͘ƚƵŌƐ͘ĞĚƵͬŚŽƉƉĞƌͬƚĞǆƚ͍ĚŽĐсƉůĂƚ͘нĂƉŽů͘нϯϴĂ
ƐŬŝŶŐ ůŝĨĞ ƋƵĞƐƟŽŶƐ ĐĂŶ ďĞ ĚĂƵŶƟŶŐ͘ KƵƌ ƐĞůĨͲĞŶƋƵŝƌǇ ǁŝůů WŽƉŽǀĂ͕D͚͘ƋƵŽƚĞĚƚĞǆƚ͛dŚĞDĂƌŐŝŶĂůŝĂŶ
ĂƐŬ ƵƐ ƚŽ ĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌ ƚŚĞ ƉŽƐƐŝďŝůŝƟĞƐ ĂŶĚ ŝŶĞǀŝƚĂďŝůŝƟĞƐ ŽĨ ůŝĨĞ͕
ĂŶĚ ǁŚĂƚ ǁĞ ǀĂůƵĞ͘ dŚŝƐ ŵĂǇ ƉůĂĐĞ ƵƐ ŽŶ Ă ƉĂƚŚ ŽĨ ĐŚĂŶŐĞ
ʹ Ă ĐŽŶĐĞƉƚ ƚŚĂƚ ƐŽŵĞ ĮŶĚ ĐŚĂůůĞŶŐŝŶŐ ƚŽ ĞŵďƌĂĐĞ͘ ůďĞƌƚ
ĂŵƵƐ͕ Ă ƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚĞƌ ǁŚŽ ǁƌŽƚĞ ĂďŽƵƚ ƚŚĞ ĂďƐƵƌĚŝƟĞƐ ŽĨ
ŚƵŵĂŶĞǆŝƐƚĞŶĐĞ͕ƉŽƐĞĚǁŚĂƚŝƐĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĞĚŽŶĞŽĨƚŚĞŵŽƐƚ
ƉƌŽĨŽƵŶĚ ƋƵĞƐƟŽŶƐ ŽĨ ƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇ ʹ ͚dŽ ĚĞĐŝĚĞ ǁŚĞƚŚĞƌ ůŝĨĞ Metaphysics is concerned with the nature
ŝƐ ǁŽƌƚŚ ůŝǀŝŶŐ ŝƐ ƚŽ ĂŶƐǁĞƌ ƚŚĞ ĨƵŶĚĂŵĞŶƚĂů ƋƵĞƐƟŽŶ ŽĨ of reality – it goes over and beyond the
ƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇ͛ ;ϭϵϰϮͿ͘ KŶ ďĂůĂŶĐĞ͕ ƚŚĞ ƐĐĂůĞƐ ƟƉ ŝŶ ŽƵƌ ĨĂǀŽƵƌ knowledge of the natural world…
ƚŽŽƵƚǁĞŝŐŚĂŶǇƋƵĞƐƟŽŶŝŶĚƵĐĞĚĚŝƐĐŽŵĨŽƌƚʹǁĞĐŽŵĞƚŽ
What is our place in the universe?
ďĞƩĞƌ ƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚ ǁŚĂƚ ǁĞ ƚŚŝŶŬ ĂďŽƵƚ ŽƵƌ ƚŚŝŶŬŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ͕
What is consciousness?
ƵůƟŵĂƚĞůǇʹƵƐ͘
Does the world really exist?
Do we have free will?
Only when you are brave enough to
Does God exist?
explore the darkness will we discover What is truth?
WKHLQƪQLWHSRZHURIRXUOLJKW
Brené Brown Ethics concern what we ought to do and what
it would be best to do…
>ĞĂŶŝŶŐŝŶƚŽǇŽƵƌůŝĨĞƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇŝƐĂŶĞŶƚĞƌƉƌŝƐĞƚŚĂƚƌĞƋƵŝƌĞƐ What is good? What makes
ƐĞůĨͲƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶ͕ŚŽŶĞƐƚǇĂŶĚĐŽƵƌĂŐĞʹŝƚĂůƐŽĚĞŵĂŶĚƐĂůĞĂŶ actions or people good?
ŝŶƚŽ ǇŽƵƌ ǀƵůŶĞƌĂďŝůŝƚǇ͘ ƌĞŶĠ ƌŽǁŶ͕ Ă ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ƉƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌ͕ What is right? What makes actions right?
ƐƚŽƌǇƚĞůůĞƌ ĂŶĚ ƌĞĐŽŐŶŝƐĞĚ ĞǆƉĞƌƚ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƐƚƵĚǇ ŽĨ ĐŽƵƌĂŐĞ͕ Is morality objective or subjective?
ĞŵƉĂƚŚǇ ĂŶĚ ǀƵůŶĞƌĂďŝůŝƚǇ ǁŝƚŚ Ă ǁŽƌůĚǁŝĚĞ ĨŽůůŽǁŝŶŐ ŽĨ How should I treat others?
ƌĞĂĚĞƌƐ ĂŶĚ ǀŝĞǁĞƌƐ͕ ĚĞƐĐƌŝďĞƐ ǀƵůŶĞƌĂďŝůŝƚǇ ĂƐ ŶŽƚ ŬŶŽǁŝŶŐ Ontario Virtual School HZ4U
ǀŝĐƚŽƌǇ Žƌ ĚĞĨĞĂƚ ʹ ͚ŝƚ ŝƐ ĂďŽƵƚ ĚĂƌŝŶŐ ƚŽ ƐŚŽǁ ƵƉ ĂŶĚ ůĞƚ
ŽƵƌƐĞůǀĞƐďĞƐĞĞŶ͛;ϮϬϮϬͿ͘
10
SO YOU WANT TO BE AN
EARLY CHILDHOOD THEORIST
– A STORY
LEANNE LOGAN
STORYTELLING AT YOUR SERVICE
/ƚ ǁĂƐŶ͛ƚ ĞĂƐǇ ďĞŝŶŐ Ă ƚŚĞŽƌŝƐƚ ĂŶĚ ƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚĞƌ͘ ƚ ƉĂƌƟĞƐ ,Ğƌ ĨĂƚŚĞƌ ƐŝŐŚĞĚ͕ ŶŽƚ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ĮƌƐƚ ƟŵĞ͘ ,Ğ ǁĂƐŶ͛ƚ Ă
ƉĞŽƉůĞ ǁŽƵůĚ ĞŝƚŚĞƌ ŐůĂǌĞ ŽǀĞƌ ƚŚĞ ŵŽŵĞŶƚ ƐŚĞ ƚŽůĚ ƚŚĞŵ ĐŽŵƉůŝĐĂƚĞĚŵĂŶ͘KƌĂĐŽŵƉůĞǆŽŶĞĞŝƚŚĞƌ͘,ĞůŝŬĞĚƚŽŬĞĞƉ
ǁŚĂƚƐŚĞĚŝĚ͕ŽƌƐŽŵĞƐŽƌƚŽĨƉĞƌǀĞƌƐĞƉůĞĂƐƵƌĞĂƚƚŚĞƚŚŽƵŐŚƚ ƚŚŝŶŐƐƐŝŵƉůĞ͘ƵƚƵĚƌĞǇŚĂĚĂůǁĂǇƐďĞĞŶĂŶǇƚŚŝŶŐďƵƚƚŚĂƚ͘
of being able to dig deep into the depths of life and death &Žƌ ƚŚĞ ƵŵƉƚĞĞŶƚŚ ƟŵĞ ŚĞ ǁŽŶĚĞƌĞĚ ŚŽǁ ŽŶ ĞĂƌƚŚ ŚĞ͛Ě
ǁŽƵůĚƚĂŬĞŚŽůĚŽĨƚŚĞŵ͕ĐŽŵƉĞůůŝŶŐƚŚĞŵƚŽƐŚĂĚŽǁŚĞƌĨŽƌ ĞŶĚĞĚƵƉǁŝƚŚĂĚĂƵŐŚƚĞƌůŝŬĞƚŚŝƐ͘
ƚŚĞƌĞƐƚŽĨƚŚĞŶŝŐŚƚ͕ĂƐŬŝŶŐŝŶĂŶĞƋƵĞƐƟŽŶƐ͘
͚^ŽǁŚĂƚƐŽƌƚŽĨƚŚĞŽƌŝĞƐĂŶĚ ƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĞƐ ĚŽ ǇŽƵ ĐŽŵĞƵƉ
EŽƚƚŚĂƚƐŚĞǁĞŶƚƚŽŵĂŶǇƉĂƌƟĞƐ͘/ĨƐŚĞ͛ĚďĞĞŶďŽƌŶĂŵĂůĞ ǁŝƚŚŝŶĞĂƌůǇĐŚŝůĚŚŽŽĚ͍͛ŚĞƌŵŽƚŚĞƌŝŶƚĞƌũĞĐƚĞĚ͚͘/ŵĞĂŶ͕ŝƚ͛Ɛ
ŝŶ 'ƌĞĞĐĞ ϮϱϬϬ ǇĞĂƌƐ ĂŐŽ͕ ƐŚĞ͛Ě ƉƌŽďĂďůǇ ŚĂǀĞ ƐƉĞŶƚ ŵĂŶǇ ŶŽƚƌŽĐŬĞƚƐĐŝĞŶĐĞ͕ŝƐŝƚ͍/ŶŵǇĚĂǇǁĞĐĂůůĞĚŝƚ͚ĐŚŝůĚĐĂƌĞ͛͘ĂĐŬ
ĂŶ ĞǀĞŶŝŶŐ ůŽƵŶŐŝŶŐ ĂƌŽƵŶĚ ƚŚĞ ĨĞĞƚ ŽĨ ŵĂƌďůĞ ƐƚĂƚƵĞƐ͕ ƚŚĞŶŵŽƐƚǁŽŵĂŶǁŽƵůĚŶ͛ƚŚĂǀĞďĞĞŶƐĞĞŶĚĞĂĚŐŝǀŝŶŐƚŚĞŝƌ
ĚƌŝŶŬŝŶŐǁŝŶĞĂŶĚƐƵƉƉŝŶŐŽŶďĞĂŶƐĂŶĚŚŽŶĞǇĐĂŬĞƐĂƐƐŚĞ ďĂďŝĞƐƚŽƐŽŵĞŽŶĞĞůƐĞƚŽŵŝŶĚ͘/ƚǁĂƐƵŶŚĞĂƌĚŽĨ͘/ŬŶŽǁ͘/
ĂŶĚ ŚĞƌ ĨĞůůŽǁ ƚŚŝŶŬĞƌƐ ŵĂĚĞ ƐĞŶƐĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ǁŽƌůĚ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ŬŶŽǁ͘dŝŵĞƐŚĂǀĞĐŚĂŶŐĞĚďƵƚ͕ŽŚ͕ƚŚŽƐĞƉŽŽƌďĂďŝĞƐ͛͘
ƌĞĂƐŽŶ͘ DĂƚŚĞŵĂƟĐƐ͕ ƉŽůŝƟĐƐ͕ ĞƚŚŝĐƐ͕ ŵĞƚĂƉŚǇƐŝĐƐ͕ ďŝŽůŽŐǇ͕
ĂƐƚƌŽŶŽŵǇ͙ƚŚĞƐƵďũĞĐƚŵĂƩĞƌǁĂƐƌŝĐŚ͘ dŚŽƐĞ ƉŽŽƌ ďĂďŝĞƐ͘ ƵĚƌĞǇ ĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĞĚ ƚŚŽƐĞ ĞŵŽƟǀĞ
ǁŽƌĚƐ͕ ĂŶĚ ŬŶĞǁ ŚĞƌ ŵŽƚŚĞƌ ǁŽƵůĚ ƉƌŽďĂďůǇ ŶĞǀĞƌ ĐŚĂŶŐĞ
ƵƚŝŶϮϬϮϯ͕ĂƐĂŶĞĂƌůǇĐŚŝůĚŚŽŽĚƚŚĞŽƌŝƐƚĂŶĚƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚĞƌ͕ ŚĞƌƐƚĂŶĐĞŽŶƚŚĂƚĞŝƚŚĞƌ͘,ŽǁŵĂŶǇƟŵĞƐŚĂĚƐŚĞĂůƌĞĂĚǇ
ƵĚƌĞǇ͛Ɛ ƉĂƌƚǇ ŝŶǀŝƚĞƐ ǁĞƌĞ ƐĐĂƌĐĞ͘ ͚WĞŽƉůĞ ǁŝůů ƌƵŶ Ă ŵŝůĞ ĞǆƉůĂŝŶĞĚƚŚĂƚĞĂƌůǇĐŚŝůĚŚŽŽĚĨĂĐŝůŝƟĞƐǁĞƌĞŶŽǁĂƐĂŶĐƚƵĂƌǇ
ǁŚĞŶƚŚĞǇŚĞĂƌǁŚĂƚǇŽƵĚŽ͕͛ŚĞƌŵŽƚŚĞƌŚĂĚĐƌƵĚĞůǇǁĂƌŶĞĚ ĨŽƌŵĂŶǇďĂďŝĞƐĂŶĚǇŽƵŶŐĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͍tŝƚŚƉĂƌĞŶƚƐƟŵĞƉŽŽƌ͕
ǇĞĂƌƐĂŐŽǁŚĞŶƐŚĞĮƌƐƚƐĞƚŽƵƚŽŶƚŚŝƐƉĂƚŚ͚͘ŶĚǁŚĂƚŐŽŽĚ ƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞ ƉŽŽƌ͕ ĮŶĂŶĐĞ ƉŽŽƌ ĂŶĚ ƐƚƌƵŐŐůŝŶŐ ƚŽ ŵĂŶĂŐĞ ƚŚĞŝƌ
ŝƐďĞŝŶŐĂŽĐƚŽƌŽĨWŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇĂŶǇǁĂǇ͍zŽƵ͛ůůŽŶůǇďĞŚĞůƉŝŶŐ ŽǁŶůŝǀĞƐ͕ŚŽǁǁĞƌĞƚŚĞǇŵĞĂŶƚƚŽĂůƐŽŵĂŶĂŐĞǁĞůůƚŚĞůŝǀĞƐ
ƚŚĞŽŶĞƐǁŚŽĂƌĞĂůƌĞĂĚǇƚŽŽĨĂƌŐŽŶĞ͛͘ ŽĨƚŚĞŝƌǇŽƵŶŐĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͍͚ŶĚĚŽŶ͛ƚĞǀĞŶƐƚĂƌƚŽŶƚĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐǇ
ĂĚĚŝĐƟŽŶ͊͛ƵĚƌĞǇĂĚŵŽŶŝƐŚĞĚŚĞƌƐĞůĨ͘
KŶĐĞ ƵĚƌĞǇ ǁŽƵůĚ ŚĂǀĞ ĐŽƌƌĞĐƚĞĚ ŚĞƌ ŵŽƚŚĞƌ͘ ^ŚĞ ĚŝĚŶ͛ƚ
ĂŶǇŵŽƌĞ͘ ^ŚĞ ŬŶĞǁ ŚĞƌ ŵŽƚŚĞƌ ǁŽƵůĚ ĂůǁĂǇƐ ŵŝǆ ƵƉ ͚zŽƵ͛ƌĞƌŝŐŚƚDƵŵ͘dŝŵĞƐŚĂǀĞĐŚĂŶŐĞĚ͘ŶĚƚŚĞǇ͛ƌĞŐŽŝŶŐƚŽ
ƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇĂŶĚƉƐǇĐŚŽůŽŐǇ͘^ŽŵĞƉĞŽƉůĞũƵƐƚĚŽŶ͛ƚŐĞƚƚŚŝŶŐƐ͕ ŬĞĞƉ ĐŚĂŶŐŝŶŐ͕ ĨĂƐƚĞƌ ƚŚĂŶ ǁĞ ĐĂŶ ŝŵĂŐŝŶĞ͘ WĞƌŚĂƉƐ ƚŚĞƌĞ͛Ɛ
ƐŚĞƚŽůĚŚĞƌƐĞůĨ͕ĂŶĚƚŚĂƚǁĂƐŽŬĂǇ͘ ŶĞǀĞƌ ďĞĞŶ Ă ŵŽƌĞ ŶĞĐĞƐƐĂƌǇ ƟŵĞ ƚŽ ŚĂǀĞ ĞĂƌůǇ ĐŚŝůĚŚŽŽĚ
ƚŚĞŽƌŝƐƚƐ ĂŶĚ ƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚĞƌƐ ƚŚŝŶŬŝŶŐ ĂďŽƵƚ ƚŚĞ ďŝŐ ƚŚŝŶŐƐ ŝŶ
͚ƚŚĞŽƌŝƐƚ͍͛ŚĞƌĨĂƚŚĞƌŚĂĚŝŵƉůŽƌĞĚ͚͘ŽƵůĚŶ͛ƚǇŽƵůĞĂƌŶŚŽǁ ůŝĨĞ͕ĂŶĚŚŽǁĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͕ĞĚƵĐĂƚŽƌƐĂŶĚƉĞĚĂŐŽŐǇĮƚŝŶƚŽƚŚĂƚ͛͘
ƚŽĚŝŐƵƉďŽŶĞƐŽƌĮǆƉƌŽƉĞůůĞƌƐ͍^ŽŵĞƚŚŝŶŐƚĂŶŐŝďůĞ͍/ŵĞĂŶ͕
ĂƚŚĞŽƌŝƐƚ͍ƚǇŽƵƌĂŐĞ͘tŚĂƚƚŚĞŚĞůůĚŽƚŚĞǇĚŽ͍͛ ^ŚĞǁĂŝƚĞĚ͘^ŚĞŬŶĞǁŚĞƌŵŽƚŚĞƌǁŽƵůĚŶ͛ƚƐƚŽƉƚŚĞƌĞ͘ƵƚĂƐ
ƚŚĞ ƐŝůĞŶĐĞ ŐƌĞǁ͕ ƐŽ ĚŝĚ ƵĚƌĞǇ͛Ɛ ĐƵƌŝŽƐŝƚǇ͘ tĂƐ ŚĞƌ ŵŽƚŚĞƌ
ƵĚƌĞǇ͛ƐƌĞƐƉŽŶƐĞǁĂƐƉŽŝƐĞĚ͚͘tĞĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌŐŝǀĞŶĨĂĐƚƐĂŶĚ ĂĐƚƵĂůůǇ ĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌŝŶŐ ŚĞƌ ǁŽƌĚƐ͍ tĂƐ ƐŚĞ ůŝƐƚĞŶŝŶŐ͍ ,ĞĂƌŝŶŐ
ĐŽŵĞ ƵƉ ǁŝƚŚ Ă ƉŽƐƐŝďůĞ ĞǆƉůĂŶĂƟŽŶ͕͟ ƐŚĞ ƐĂŝĚ ƉĂƟĞŶƚůǇ͘ ĞǀĞŶ͍ƵĚƌĞǇŐƌĂďďĞĚƚŚĞƵŶĞǆƉĞĐƚĞĚŐĂƉ͚͘/ĨǁĞĐĂŶƉƌŽǀŝĚĞ
͚ĂƐŝĐĂůůǇǁĞŽďƐĞƌǀĞƉŚĞŶŽŵĞŶĂ͕ĐƌĞĂƚĞĂďƐƚƌĂĐƚŝĚĞĂƐĂŶĚ ŚĂǀĞŶƐ͕ǁŚĞƌĞĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶĂƌĞĨƌĞĞƚŽĞǆƉůŽƌĞĂŶĚĞŶŐĂŐĞŝŶƚŚĞ
ƚŚĞŶƐƉĞŶĚƚŚĞƌĞƐƚŽĨŽƵƌůŝǀĞƐƚƌǇŝŶŐƚŽƉƌŽǀĞƚŚĞŵ͛͘ ƚŚŝŶŐƐ ƚŚĂƚ ŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƚ ƚŚĞŵ͕ ǁŚĞƌĞ ƚĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐǇ ŝƐ ůŝŵŝƚĞĚ ĂŶĚ
ŝŶƚĞŶƟŽŶĂů͕ǁŚĞƌĞƚŚĞǇĂƌĞƚĂƵŐŚƚƚŚĂƚƌĞƐƉĞĐƚŝƐĂƚǁŽͲǁĂǇ
ƐƚƌĞĞƚ͕ ǁĞ ŵŝŐŚƚ ũƵƐƚ ďĞ ƌĂŝƐŝŶŐ Ă ŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ ƚŚĂƚ ŝƐ ŵŽƌĞ
ĐŽŵƉĞƚĞŶƚĂŶĚĞīĞĐƟǀĞĂƚŶĂǀŝŐĂƟŶŐůŝĨĞƚŚĂŶƚŚĞƉƌĞǀŝŽƵƐ
ŽŶĞƐ͛͘
11
͚ƌĞǇŽƵƐĂǇŝŶŐǇŽƵƌĨĂƚŚĞƌĂŶĚ/ĚŝĚŶ͛ƚĚŽĂŐŽŽĚũŽďƌĂŝƐŝŶŐ
ǇŽƵ͍>ŽŽŬĂƚǇŽƵ͊zŽƵ͛ƌĞϰϳǇĞĂƌƐŽůĚ͘zŽƵŚĂǀĞŶŽŚƵƐďĂŶĚ͘
EŽ ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͘ EŽ ĨĂŵŝůǇ ƚŽ ĐĂƌĞ ĨŽƌ ǇŽƵ͘ tŚĂƚ͛Ɛ ŐŽŝŶŐ ƚŽ
ŚĂƉƉĞŶǁŚĞŶǁĞ͛ƌĞŐŽŶĞ͍zĞƐ͕/ŬŶŽǁ͘/ŬŶŽǁ͘zŽƵĚŽŶ͛ƚůŝǀĞ
ǁŝƚŚƵƐĂŶǇǁĂǇ͘zŽƵŵĂŬĞŐŽŽĚŵŽŶĞǇʹǀĞƌǇŐŽŽĚŵŽŶĞǇ͘
zŽƵ͛ǀĞŐŽƚŐŽŽĚĨƌŝĞŶĚƐĂŶĚĂũŽďǇŽƵůŽǀĞ͘/ŬŶŽǁ͘/ŬŶŽǁ͘
/ƚ͛Ɛ ũƵƐƚ͕ ǁĞůů͕ ŝƚ ĚŽĞƐŶ͛ƚ ƐĞĞŵ ƌŝŐŚƚ͘ tŚĂƚ ŝƐ ůŝĨĞ ǁŝƚŚŽƵƚ
ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͍ tĞ͛ƌĞ ŶĞǀĞƌ ŐŽŝŶŐ ƚŽ ŚĂǀĞ ŐƌĂŶĚĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͘ tĞ͛ůů
ŶĞǀĞƌ ďĞ ŐƌĂŶĚƉĂƌĞŶƚƐ͘ Ž ǇŽƵ ŬŶŽǁ ŚŽǁ ƚŚĂƚ ŚƵƌƚƐ ŽƵƌ
ŚĞĂƌƚƐ͍/ŶĞǀĞƌŝŶŵǇǁŝůĚĞƐƚĚƌĞĂŵƐƚŚŽƵŐŚƚ/ǁŽƵůĚŶ͛ƚďĞ
ĂŐƌĂŶĚƉĂƌĞŶƚ͘/ŵĞĂŶ͕ǁŚĂƚ͛ƐƚŚĞƉŽŝŶƚŽĨŝƚĂůůŝĨŝƚ͛ƐŶŽƚƚŽ
ŚĂǀĞĨĂŵŝůǇĂŶĚĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͍͛
ƵĚƌĞǇůŽŽŬĞĚĂƚŚĞƌŵŽƚŚĞƌĂŶĚ͕ĨŽƌƚŚĞĮƌƐƚƟŵĞŝŶĂůŽŶŐ
ƟŵĞ͕ ƌĞĂůůǇ ƐĂǁ ŚĞƌ͘ ,Ğƌ ƐŽŌ ŐƌĞǇ ŚĂŝƌ͘ dŚĞ ĚĞĞƉ ǁƌŝŶŬůĞƐ
that creased the corners of her eyes and etched lines into her
ĨŽƌĞŚĞĂĚ͘dŚĞǁĂǇŚĞƌŵŽƵƚŚƚƵƌŶĞĚĚŽǁŶĂƚƚŚĞĐŽƌŶĞƌƐ͕
ŵĂŬŝŶŐŚĞƌůŽŽŬƉĞƌĞŶŶŝĂůůǇŵĂĚŽƌ͕ǁŽƌƐĞ͕ƐĂĚ͘^ŚĞƚŽŽŬŝŶ
ƚŚĞůŝƩůĞďůŽƚĐŚĞƐŽĨďƌŽǁŶƐŬŝŶŽŶŚĞƌĂƌŵƐʹƚĞůůͲƚĂůĞƐŝŐŶƐ
ŽĨĂŐŝŶŐʹĂŶĚƐĂǁƚŚĞƌŽƵŐŚƐƵŶƐƉŽƚƐƚŚĂƚŶĞĞĚĞĚƐŚŽƚƐŽĨ
ůŝƋƵŝĚŶŝƚƌŽŐĞŶ͘ŝĚŚĞƌƚŽĞŶĂŝůƐŶĞĞĚĐƵƫŶŐƚŽŽ͍
^ŚĞƚŽŽŬĂĚĞĞƉďƌĞĂƚŚĂŶĚƐůŽǁůǇĞǆŚĂůĞĚ͘^ŚĞ͛ĚŚĂĚƚŚĞƐĞ
ĐŽŶǀĞƌƐĂƟŽŶƐƐŽŵĂŶǇƟŵĞƐǁŝƚŚŚĞƌƉĂƌĞŶƚƐ͘^ŚĞŬŶĞǁ͕ŝŶ
ƚŚĞŝƌŽǁŶǁĂǇ͕ůŝŬĞŝƚŽƌŶŽƚ͕ƚŚĂƚƚŚĞǇŚĂĚĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƚĞĚƚŽŚĞƌ
ďĞŝŶŐĂƚŚĞŽƌŝƐƚ͕ĂƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚĞƌ͕ĂǁŽŶĚĞƌĞƌ͚͘/͛ǀĞŐŽƚƚŽŐĞƚ
ŐŽŝŶŐ͕͛ƐŚĞƐĂŝĚŐĞŶƚůǇ͕ĂŶĚƐŵŝůĞĚĂƐƐŚĞŵŽǀĞĚƚŚĞŵŝŶƚŽ
ƉŽƐŝƟŽŶĨŽƌƚŚĞŝƌƚƌĂĚŝƟŽŶĂůƚŚƌĞĞͲǁĂǇŚƵŐ͘
^ŽŵĞŚŽǁ ŝƚ ŵĂĚĞ ůŝĨĞ ĞĂƐŝĞƌ͕ ŵŽƌĞ ďĞĂƌĂďůĞ͕ ƚŽ ĞǆŝƐƚ ŝŶ Ă
ƐƚĂƚĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƵŶŬŶŽǁŶ͘ KĨ ĐƵƌŝŽƐŝƚǇ͘ KĨ ǁŽŶĚĞƌ͘ ^ŚĞ ŬŶĞǁ Perhaps there’s never been a
ŚŽǁŐƌĂƚĞĨƵůƐŚĞǁĂƐƚŽƚŚĞŵ͘ŶĚƐŚĞŬŶĞǁŝƚǁĂƐŵƵƚƵĂů
ʹĞǀĞŶǁŝƚŚŽƵƚŐƌĂŶĚĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͚͘DĂǇďĞŝŶŵǇŶĞǆƚůŝĨĞ͕͛ƐŚĞ more necessary time to have
ƋƵŝƉƉĞĚĂƐƐŚĞƉŝĐŬĞĚƵƉŚĞƌĐĂƌŬĞǇƐƚŽŚĞĂĚŚŽŵĞ͚͘DĂǇďĞ early childhood theorists and
ƚŚĞŶ/͛ůůĐŚŽŽƐĞďŽŶĞƐŽƌƉƌŽƉĞůůĞƌƐ͊͛,ĞƌĨĂƚŚĞƌĐŚƵĐŬůĞĚĂƐ
ŚĞƐĞƩůĞĚŝŶƚŽƚŚĞƐŽĨĂ͚͘KǀĞƌŵǇĚĞĂĚďŽĚǇ͕͛ŚĞůĂƵŐŚĞĚ͘ philosophers thinking about
ƵĚƌĞǇƐŵŝůĞĚĂƐƚŚĞĚŽŽƌĐůŝĐŬĞĚĐůŽƐĞĚďĞŚŝŶĚŚĞƌ͚͘KŬĂǇ͕͛ the big things in life...
ƐŚĞƚŚŽƵŐŚƚ͕͚ƚŚĂƚ͛ůůĂƚůĞĂƐƚŐŝǀĞŵĞƐŽŵĞƚŚŝŶŐƚŽĚŝŐ͛͘
12
UNDER THE SPOTLIGHT
WENDY SHEPHERD
dŚĞ͚ƵƌŝŽƵƐtĞŶĚǇ^ŚĞƉŚĞƌĚ͙͛ĂŶĂƉƚƉŽƌƚƌĂǇĂůŽĨŚŽǁtĞŶĚǇ^ŚĞƉŚĞƌĚĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚĞƐůŝĨĞ͘͘͘
dŚĞ͚ĐƵƌŝŽƵƐ͛tĞŶĚǇŝƐĂŶŝŶƋƵŝƐŝƟǀĞƚŚŝŶŬĞƌ͕ƚŚĞ͚ĐƵƌŝŽƐŝƚǇ͛tĞŶĚǇĂƩƌĂĐƚƐƚŚĞŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƚŽĨŽƚŚĞƌƐ͘tŝƚŚĂůŝƐƚĞŶŝŶŐ
ĞĂƌĂŶĚĂƚƌĞĂƐƵƌĞƚƌŽǀĞŽĨŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞƚŽŝŵƉĂƌƚ͕tĞŶĚǇĞŶŐĂŐĞƐŝŶĐŽŶǀĞƌƐĂƟŽŶƐĂĐƌŽƐƐƚŚĞƐƉĞĐƚƌƵŵŽĨůŝĨĞ
ʹĂŬĞĞŶŽďƐĞƌǀĞƌŽĨƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚ͖ŚĞƌŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƚƐĂƌĞŵĂŶǇʹŵƵƐŝĐ;ƚŚĞĐůĂƐƐŝĐƐĂŶĚƉŽƉͿ͕Ăƌƚ͕ůŝƚĞƌĂƚƵƌĞ͕ƉŽůŝƟĐƐ͕
ĂĞƐƚŚĞƟĐƐ ĂŶĚ ĚĞƐŝŐŶ͕ ƐŽĐŝĂů ũƵƐƟĐĞ͕ ĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ͕ ƚŚĞ ĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚ͙ĂŶĚ ƐŚĞ ŚĂƐ Ă ǁŝĐŬĞĚ ƐĞŶƐĞ ŽĨ ŚƵŵŽƵƌ͘
ŽůůĞĂŐƵĞƐ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ ƐĞĐƚŽƌ Ăƚ ůĂƌŐĞ ŬŶŽǁ tĞŶĚǇ ĂƐ ĂŶ ĂĚǀŽĐĂƚĞ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ŝŶĐůƵƐŝǀĞ ƌŝŐŚƚƐ ŽĨ Ăůů ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ ĂŶĚ
ĨĂŵŝůŝĞƐĂŶĚƚŚĞƌŝŐŚƚƐŽĨƚĞĂĐŚĞƌƐĂŶĚĞĚƵĐĂƚŽƌƐ͘ƐƚŚĞĨŽƵŶĚŝŶŐŝƌĞĐƚŽƌŽĨƚŚĞDŝĂDŝĂŚŝůĚĂŶĚ&ĂŵŝůǇ
ĞŶƚƌĞ^ƚƵĚǇĞŶƚƌĞ͕tĞŶĚǇĐƌĞĂƚĞĚĂŶĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĂůĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚƚŚĂƚĞŵďƌĂĐĞĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞƐŽĨĂĞƐƚŚĞƟĐƐĂŶĚ
ƉƵƌƉŽƐĞĨƵůůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐƐƉĂĐĞƐ͘ǀĞƌƚŚĂŶŬĨƵůĨŽƌƚŚĞŽƉƉŽƌƚƵŶŝƚǇƚŽƐƚƵĚǇĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĂůƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇǁŝƚŚƌ>ĂƵƌŝĞ
>ĞůĂŝƌĞ͕tĞŶĚǇďĞůŝĞǀĞƐƚŚŝƐĐƌĞĂƚĞĚĂƐŽƵŶĚƉƌĞŵŝƐĞĨŽƌŚĞƌƚŚŝŶŬŝŶŐ͘KǀĞƌƚŚĞǇĞĂƌƐ͕tĞŶĚǇŚĂƐŝŶǀĞƐƚĞĚŝŶ
ƚŚĞǁŽƌŬƐŽĨƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĂůƚŚŝŶŬĞƌƐĂŶĚƚŚĞŽƌŝƐƚƐďĞǇŽŶĚƚŚĞƌĞĂůŵŽĨĞĂƌůǇĐŚŝůĚŚŽŽĚ͕ĂŶĚŝƚŝƐƚŚŝƐŝŶĐƌĞĚŝďůĞ
ĐŽŶƟŶƵƵŵŽĨůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐƚŚĂƚŝŶĨŽƌŵƐĂůůtĞŶĚǇĚŽĞƐ͘,ĞƌŐŽͲƚŽƚŚŝŶŬĞƌʹZƵůĚŽůĨ^ƚĞŝŶĞƌ͙ŚŝƐŚŽůŝƐƟĐĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĂů
ĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚ͕ŝŶƚĞŶĚĞĚƚŽĚĞǀĞůŽƉƉƵƉŝůƐ͛ŝŶƚĞůůĞĐƚƵĂů͕ĂƌƟƐƟĐ͕ĂŶĚƉƌĂĐƟĐĂůƐŬŝůůƐǁŝƚŚĂĨŽĐƵƐŽŶŝŵĂŐŝŶĂƟŽŶĂŶĚ
ĐƌĞĂƟǀŝƚǇ͕ƌĞƐŽŶĂƚĞƐǁŝƚŚŚĞƌůŝĨĞƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇĂŶĚũŽǇĨŽƌůŝǀŝŶŐ͘
WŚŽƚŽŐƌĂƉŚďǇ>ƵŬĞ^ƚĂŵďŽƵůŝĂŚ
13
WHERE IS YOUR FAVOURITE PLACE TO BE AND THREE WORDS TO DESCRIBE IT?

WĂƌŝƐʹƌĐŚŝƚĞĐƚƵƌĞ͕ŚŝƐƚŽƌǇ͕ƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇ
THE COCKTAIL THAT ENCAPSULATES YOUR PERSONALITY...

dŚĞWŝŶŬWĞĂƌůƐŝƉƉĞĚĂƚƚŚĞ'ĞŽƌŐĞŝŶƋ͕WĂƌŝƐ
WHAT BRINGS YOU JOY?

&ůŽǁĞƌƐ͕ŇŽǁĞƌƐ͕ŇŽǁĞƌƐ
GIVEN THE FOCUS OF THIS ISSUE OF PEDAGOGY - NAME ONE AND ONLY ONE
PHILOSOPHER/THEORIST WHO HAS MOST INFLUENCED YOUR THINKING?
ZƵĚŽůƉŚ^ƚĞŝŶĞƌ͕ƚŚĞĨŽƵŶĚĞƌŽĨĂŶƚŚƌŽƉŽƐŽƉŚǇĂŶĚƚŚĞtĂůĚŽƌĨ^ĐŚŽŽůʹ^ƚĞŝŶĞƌĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ
IF YOU COULD TRAVEL ANYWHERE IN AUSTRALIA, WHERE AND WHY?

^ǁĂŶƐĞĂ͕dĂƐŵĂŶŝĂʹ<ĂƚĞ͛ƐĞƌƌǇ&ĂƌŵũĂŵ͕ƚŚĞďĞĂƵƚǇŽĨƐĞĂƐŝĚĞůĂŶĚƐĐĂƉĞƐĂŶĚƐĂŶĚƐƚŽŶĞĐŽƩĂŐĞƐ
WHERE WOULD WE MOST LIKELY FIND YOU ON A SUNDAY AFTERNOON?

ŶĂƌƚŐĂůůĞƌǇ͊
WHAT ARE THE MOST IMPORTANT LESSONS IN LIFE?

dŚŽƵŐŚƞƵůŶĞƐƐ͕ŬŝŶĚŶĞƐƐĂŶĚƌĞƐƉĞĐƚƚŽǁĂƌĚƐŽƚŚĞƌƐĂŶĚǇŽƵƌƐĞůĨ
THREE PEOPLE YOU WOULD LOVE TO INVITE TO A DINNER PARTY

,ĠůŽŢƐĞĚĠůĂŢĚĞ>ĞƟƐƐŝĞƌ͕ŬŶŽǁŶƉƌŽĨĞƐƐŝŽŶĂůůǇĂƐŚƌŝƐƟŶĞĂŶĚƚŚĞYƵĞĞŶƐ͕ŽĐŽŚĂŶĞůĂŶĚ^ĂůǀĂĚŽƌĂůŝʹŝŵƉŽƐƐŝďůĞ͕/
ŬŶŽǁ͕ďƵƚŚŽǁŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐ͊
IF YOU HADN’T EXPLORED A CAREER IN EARLY EDUCATION - DO YOU HAVE A

PASSION THAT WOULD HAVE TAKEN YOU IN ANOTHER DIRECTION?
/ŶƚĞƌŝŽƌĞƐŝŐŶʹĨƌŽŵĐƵďďǇŚŽƵƐĞƐĂŶĚďĞǇŽŶĚ
IF YOU COULD SPEAK WITH THE 16-YEAR-OLD YOU, WHAT WOULD YOU SAY?
ĞŵŽƌĞĐŽŶĮĚĞŶƚ
SELECT THREE MOVIES FOR A MOVIE MARATHON

ŚŽĐŽůĂƚ͕dŚĞ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌ/ƐƐƵĞ͕ŵĞůŝĞ
WHAT LEARNING ʹWORDS OF WISDOM HAVE YOU MOST OFTEN SHARED WITH THE
MANY ECE STUDENTS YOU HAVE TAUGHT?
ŶŐĂŐĞĚĂŝůǇŝŶƉƌŽĨĞƐƐŝŽŶĂůƌĞĂĚŝŶŐĂŶĚŬĞĞƉŝŶŐĂũŽƵƌŶĂů;ƚŚĂŶŬǇŽƵ͕ƌůŵĂ&ůĞĞƚ͊Ϳ
WHAT WORKS WITH A CUP OF TEA?

:ƵƐƚŽŶĞďŝƐĐƵŝƚ͊
DO YOU HAVE ANY ‘SPECIAL’ SKILLS?

/ǁŝƐŚ/ĐŽƵůĚƐĂǇǁĂƚĞƌĐŽůŽƵƌƉĂŝŶƟŶŐ͊
THE MEAL THAT YOU MUST ALWAYS ORDER IF IT’S ON THE MENU?
ŚĞĞƐĞƐŽƵŋĞŽƌŽǇƐƚĞƌƐŽƌďŽƚŚ͘ŶŽǇƐƚĞƌĞŶƚƌĞĞĨŽůůǁĞĚďǇĂĐŚĞĞƐĞƐŽƵŋĞͲŚĞĂǀĞŶ͊
WHAT IS THE BEST PART OF BEING A GRANDPARENT?

>ŽŽŬŝŶŐŝŶƚŽƚŚĞĨƵƚƵƌĞ
14
,1)/8(17,$/7+,1.(56
TEACHERS, PEDAGOGISTAS,
ATELIERISTAS & CHILDREN
DR STEFANIA GIAMMINUTI
SENIOR LECTURER EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION
SCHOOL OF EDUCATION, CURTIN UNIVERSITY, WESTERN AUSTRALIA
dŚĞ ƋƵĞƐƟŽŶ ŽĨ ǁŚŽ ŽƵƌ ͚ŐŽͲƚŽ͛ ƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚĞƌƐ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞŽƌŝƐƚƐ dŚĞƌĞĂƌĞĂůƐŽŵĂŶǇŽƚŚĞƌƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚĞƌƐĂŶĚƚŚŝŶŬĞƌƐŽŶǁŚŽƐĞ
ŵŝŐŚƚďĞƵƐƵĂůůǇĐŽŶũƵƌĞƐƵƉŝŵĂŐĞƐŽĨƉĞŽƉůĞĨĂƌƌĞŵŽǀĞĚ ƐŚŽƵůĚĞƌƐ/ƐƚĂŶĚ͕ĂŶĚƚŚĞƋƵĞƐƟŽŶŽĨǁŚǇ/ƌĞĂĚƚŚĞŝƌǁŽƌŬŝƐ
ĨƌŽŵ ĞǀĞƌǇĚĂǇ ƉƌĂĐƟĐĞ ǁŝƚŚ ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ ĂŶĚ ĨĂŵŝůŝĞƐ͘ &ŝƌƐƚ ĂŶĚ ŽŌĞŶĐŽŶŶĞĐƚĞĚƚŽƚŚĞŽďůŝŐĂƟŽŶƐ/ŶĞĞĚƚŽĨƵĮů͖ĨŽƌĞǆĂŵƉůĞ͕
ĨŽƌĞŵŽƐƚ͕ ŵǇ ͚ŐŽͲƚŽ͛ ƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚĞƌƐ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞŽƌŝƐƚƐ ĂƌĞ ƚŚĞ /ƌĞĂĚƚŚĞǁŽƌŬŽĨŽƚŚĞƌƐƚŽƐĞĞŬƚŚĞŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞ/ůĂĐŬǁŚĞŶ
ĞĚƵĐĂƚŽƌƐŽĨƚŚĞĐŝƚǇŽĨZĞŐŐŝŽŵŝůŝĂ͖ƚĞĂĐŚĞƌƐ͕ƉĞĚĂŐŽŐŝƐƚĂƐ ƚƌǇŝŶŐƚŽŵĂŬĞƐĞŶƐĞŽĨĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͛ƐĂŶĚƚĞĂĐŚĞƌƐ͛ĞŶŐĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ
ĂŶĚ ĂƚĞůŝĞƌŝƐƚĂƐ ǁŚŽ͕ ŝŶ ƚŚĞŝƌ ĞǀĞƌǇĚĂǇ ĞŶĐŽƵŶƚĞƌƐ ǁŝƚŚ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚŝŶŐƐ͕ ĐƌĞĂƚƵƌĞƐ ;ŚƵŵĂŶ ĂŶĚ ŶŽŶͲŚƵŵĂŶͿ ĂŶĚ ƉůĂĐĞƐ͕
ǇŽƵŶŐĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͕ĞŶŐĂŐĞŝŶƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĂŶĚŐĞŶĞƌĂƚĞƚŚĞŽƌǇƚŚĂƚ Žƌ/ƐĞĞŬƚŚĞŝƌŝŶƐŝŐŚƚƚŽƉƵƌƐƵĞƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚƉĂƚŚǁĂǇƐ͕ƚŽŵĂŬĞ
ƚƌŽƵďůĞƐĐŽŶǀĞŶƟŽŶĂůǀŝĞǁƐŽĨǁŚĂƚĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĂŶĚĐĂƌĞĐĂŶ ŵĞĂŶŝŶŐ ŽĨ ĞǀĞŶƚƐ ƚŚĂƚ ŽĐĐƵƌ ǁŝƚŚŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ / ĐŽͲůĞĂĚ
ďĞ͘dŚŝƐŝƐƉŽƐƐŝďůĞďĞĐĂƵƐĞŽĨƚŚĞŝƌĚĞĚŝĐĂƟŽŶƚŽƉĞĚĂŐŽŐŝĐĂů ǁŝƚŚƚŚŽƵŐŚƞƵůƚĞĂĐŚĞƌƐ͕ĂŶĚƚŽƉƌŽƉĞůŽƵƌƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĨŽƌǁĂƌĚƐ͘
ĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ƉƌŽŐĞƩĂǌŝŽŶĞ͕ ǁŚŝĐŚ ƚŽŐĞƚŚĞƌ ŐĞŶĞƌĂƚĞ KĨĐŽƵƌƐĞ͕/ĂůƐŽƌĞĂĚƚŚĞƐĞƚŚĞŽƌŝƐƚƐďĞĐĂƵƐĞ/ůŝŬĞƚŚĞŝƌǁŽƌŬ͕
ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĂŶĚƚŚĞŽƌǇƚŚĂƚƉƵƐŚƚŚĞďŽƵŶĚĂƌŝĞƐŽĨǁŚĂƚĐĂŶďĞ ĂŶĚŶŽƚƐŝŵƉůǇďĞĐĂƵƐĞŝƚŝƐƉůĞĂƐƵƌĂďůĞƚŽƌĞĂĚ;ĂƚƟŵĞƐ͕ŝŶ
ƌĞĚƵĐƟǀĞůǇĐŽŶĐĞŝǀĞĚĂƐ͚ĐƵƌƌŝĐƵůƵŵ͛ĞůƐĞǁŚĞƌĞ͘ ĨĂĐƚ͕ŝƚĐĂŶďĞŽǀĞƌǁŚĞůŵŝŶŐůǇĐŽŵƉůĞǆͿ͕ďƵƚƌĂƚŚĞƌďĞĐĂƵƐĞŝƚ
ĐŚĂůůĞŶŐĞƐŵĞĂŶĚŚĞůƉƐŵĞŵĂŬĞƐĞŶƐĞŽĨĐŽŶĐƌĞƚĞĞǀĞŶƚƐ͕
dŚĞ ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐǇ ĂŶĚ ƉƌĂĐƟĐĞ ŽĨ ƉĞĚĂŐŽŐŝĐĂů ĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ ŝƐ ŝŶǀŝƟŶŐŵĞƚŽĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĂůƚĞƌŶĂƟǀĞƉŽƐƐŝďŝůŝƟĞƐĂŶĚƉĂƚŚǁĂǇƐ
Ă ůĞŐŝƟŵĂƚĞ ĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚ ƚŽ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ͕ ŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŶŐ ƚŚĞŽƌǇ ƚŚĂƚ ĂŶĚ ƚŽ ůĞĂŶ ƚŽǁĂƌĚƐ ƚŚĞ ƵŶŬŶŽǁŶ ĂŶĚ ƵŶĞǆƉĞĐƚĞĚ͘ ůů
ŵĞƌŝƚƐ ĚĞĞƉ ĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĂƟŽŶ͕ ĂŶĚ ƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŝŶŐ ǇŽƵŶŐ ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞŵĞƌŐĞƐŽƵƚŽĨĞŶŐĂŐĞŵĞŶƚǁŝƚŚĐŽŶĐĞƉƚƐ͕ǁŚĞƚŚĞƌ
ƚŚĞŵƐĞůǀĞƐ ĂƐ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞƌƐ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞŽƌǇͲďƵŝůĚĞƌƐ͖ ŝŶ ZĞŐŐŝŽ ƚŚĞƐĞĂƌĞĚĞƌŝǀĞĚĨƌŽŵƉĞĚĂŐŽŐŝĐĂůƉƌĂĐƟĐĞŽƌĨƌŽŵďƌŽĂĚĞƌ
ŵŝůŝĂ͕ ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ ďĞĐŽŵĞ ͚ŐŽͲƚŽ͛ ƉĞŽƉůĞ ŝŶ ƚŚĞŝƌ ŽǁŶ ƌŝŐŚƚ͘ ĮĞůĚƐ ŽĨ ŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞ͘ &ƌŽŵ ŵǇ ƉĞƌƐƉĞĐƟǀĞ͕ ŝƚ ŝƐ ŶŽƚ ƉŽƐƐŝďůĞ
dĞĂĐŚĞƌƐŝŶZĞŐŐŝŽŵŝůŝĂĂƌĞƉĞƌĐĞŝǀĞĚ͚ĂƐƉƵďůŝĐŝŶƚĞůůĞĐƚƵĂůƐ ƚŽ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ͕ Žƌ ŝŶĚĞĞĚ ƚŽ ƚŚŝŶŬ ĐƌŝƟĐĂůůǇ ĂďŽƵƚ ĞǀĞŶƚƐ ĂŶĚ
΀ǁŚŽ΁ƐŚŽƵůĚĚĞǀĞůŽƉĂĚŝƐĐŽƵƌƐĞƚŚĂƚƵŶŝƚĞƐƚŚĞůĂŶŐƵĂŐĞŽĨ ƉƌĂĐƟĐĞƐ͕ŝĨŽŶĞĚŽĞƐŶŽƚƌĞĂĚ͘
ĐƌŝƟƋƵĞǁŝƚŚƚŚĞůĂŶŐƵĂŐĞŽĨƉŽƐƐŝďŝůŝƚǇ͛;'ŝƌŽƵǆ͕ϮϬϭϯ͕Ɖ͘ϰϲϰͿ͘
dŚƵƐ ƚŚĞŝƌ ƚŚŝŶŬŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ƉƌĂĐƟĐĞ ĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƚĞ ƚŽ ƚƌĂŶƐĨŽƌŵŝŶŐ >ĂƚĞůǇ͕ / ŚĂǀĞ ůŽŽŬĞĚ ƚŽ ƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇ͕ ĂŶƚŚƌŽƉŽůŽŐǇ͕ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ
ĐƵůƚƵƌĂů͕ƉŽůŝƟĐĂůĂŶĚƉĞĚĂŐŽŐŝĐĂůƐĐĞŶĂƌŝŽƐ͘>ŽƌŝƐDĂůĂŐƵǌǌŝ ĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂů ŚƵŵĂŶŝƟĞƐ ƚŽ ƚŚŝŶŬ ǁŝƚŚ ĐŽŶĐĞƉƚƐ ƐƵĐŚ ĂƐ͗
ŚŝŵƐĞůĨ ƌĞĐŽŐŶŝƐĞĚ ƚŚĂƚ ͚ƚŚĞ ŶĞĞĚ ĨŽƌ ƌĞŶĞǁĂů ƌĞƋƵŝƌĞƐ ƚŚĞ ͚ĂīĞĐƚ͛;DĂƐƐƵŵŝ͕ϮϬϭϱ͖^ĞŝŐǁŽƌƚŚΘ'ƌĞŐŐ͕ϮϬϭϬͿ͖͚ƚŚĞŵŝŶŽƌ
ŬŝŶĚŽĨƚĞĂĐŚĞƌǁŚŽŝƐĂŶĞǁƚǇƉĞŽĨŝŶƚĞůůĞĐƚƵĂů͕ĂƉƌŽĚƵĐĞƌ ŐĞƐƚƵƌĞ͛ ;DĂŶŶŝŶŐ͕ ϮϬϭϲͿ ͚ƌĞůĂƟŽŶĂůŝƚǇ͛ ;ƌĂŝĚŽƫ͕ ϮϬϭϵͿ͖
ŽĨŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞĂŶĚĐŽŶŶĞĐƚĞĚǁŝƚŚŽƌŐĂŶŝƐĞĚƐŽĐŝĂůĚĞŵĂŶĚƐ͛ ͚ĐŽƌƌĞƐƉŽŶĚĞŶĐĞƐ͛;/ŶŐŽůĚ͕ϮϬϮϭͿ͖͚ĐĂƌĞ͛;WƵŝŐĚĞůĂĞůůĂĐĂƐĂ͕
;ĂŐůŝĂƌŝ Ğƚ Ăů͕͘ ϮϬϭϲ͕ Ɖ͘ϮϭϬͿ͘ WƵďůŝĐĂƟŽŶƐ ĨƌŽŵ ZĞŐŐŝŽ ϮϬϭϳͿ͖͚ĞƚŚŝĐĂůŽďůŝŐĂƟŽŶƐ͛;ǀĂŶŽŽƌĞŶ͕ϮϬϭϰͿ͖ĂŶĚ͚ŬŝŶƐŚŝƉ͛
ŚŝůĚƌĞŶĂůůƉƌŽǀŝĚĞĐŽŶĐĞƉƚƵĂů͕ƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĂů͕ĂŶĚƉƌĂŐŵĂƟĐ ;ŝƌĚ ZŽƐĞ͕ ϮϬϮϮ͖ ǀĂŶ ŽŽƌĞŶ Θ ŚƌƵůĞǁ͕ ϮϬϮϮͿ͘ dŚĞƐĞ
ŝŶƐƉŝƌĂƟŽŶ ;Ğ͘Ő͘ ŶĐĞƐĐŚŝ Θ DĂĐĐĂĨĞƌƌŝ͕ ϮϬϮϮ͖ &ŝůŝƉƉŝŶŝ Θ ĐŽŶĐĞƉƚƐ ŐƵŝĚĞ ŝŶǀĞƐƟŐĂƟŽŶƐ ǁŝƚŚ ƚĞĂĐŚĞƌƐ ĂŶĚ ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ
sĞĐĐŚŝ͕ϮϬϭϭ͖sĞĐĐŚŝ͕ŽŶŝůĂƵƌŝ͕DĞŶŝŶŶŽ͕ΘdĞĚĞƐĐŚŝ͕ϮϬϭϵ͖ ŝŶƚŽ ŵĂƩĞƌƐ ŽĨ ĐŽŶĐĞƌŶ ŝŵƉĂĐƟŶŐ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƟĞƐ ůŽĐĂůůǇ ĂŶĚ
sĞĐĐŚŝΘZƵŽǌǌŝ͕ϮϬϭϱͿ͘dŚŝƐĐĂƉĂĐŝƚǇƚŽŝŵƉĂĐƚĐƵůƚƵƌĞ͕ƉŽůŝĐǇ͕ ŐůŽďĂůůǇ͘ Ɛ / ĚǁĞůů ĚĞĞƉůǇ ŝŶƚŽ ƚŚĞ ŶĞĞĚ ƚŽ ǁĞůĐŽŵĞ &ŝƌƐƚ
ĂŶĚĞǀĞƌǇĚĂǇƉƌĂĐƟĐĞƚŚƌŽƵŐŚĐƌŝƟƋƵĞĂŶĚĂƚĞŶƐŝŽŶƚŽǁĂƌĚƐ EĂƟŽŶƐǀŽŝĐĞƐŝŶĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĂůƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ͕ƚŚĞŽƌǇ͕ĂŶĚƉƌĂĐƟĐĞ͕
ƉŽƐƐŝďŝůŝƚǇŚĂƐĞǆƉĂŶĚĞĚƚŽŵĂŶǇƚĞĂĐŚĞƌƐǁŚŽ͕ǁŚŝůĞǁŽƌŬŝŶŐ / ĮŶĚ ŵǇƐĞůĨ ƌĞͲƌĞĂĚŝŶŐ ;ĂŶŽƚŚĞƌ ŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚ ƉƌĂĐƟĐĞ͕ ĨŽƌ
ŝŶ ŽƚŚĞƌ ŝŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂů ĐŽŶƚĞǆƚƐ͕ ĂƌĞ ŝŶ ƚŚŽƵŐŚƞƵů ĚŝĂůŽŐƵĞ ƚŚŝŶŐƐĂƌĞŶĞǀĞƌƌĞĂĚƚŚĞƐĂŵĞǁĂǇǁŚĞŶǁĞƌĞƚƵƌŶƚŽƚŚĞŵ
ǁŝƚŚƚŚĞĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĂůƉƌŽũĞĐƚŽĨZĞŐŐŝŽŵŝůŝĂ͖ƚŚĞŝƌŐĞŶĞƌŽƵƐ Ăƚ ĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚ ƟŵĞƐͿ ƚŚĞ ĞŶŐĂŐŝŶŐ ǁŽƌŬ ŽĨ ĂŶƚŚƌŽƉŽůŽŐŝƐƚ ĂŶĚ
ĞīŽƌƚƐ ƚŽ ŵĂŬĞ ŵĞĂŶŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ĚŝƐƐĞŵŝŶĂƚĞ ŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞ ĂůƐŽ ĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂů ŚƵŵĂŶŝƟĞƐ ƐĐŚŽůĂƌ ĞďŽƌĂŚ ŝƌĚ ZŽƐĞ͕ ǁŚŽ
ŵĂŬĞƚŚĞŵ͚ŐŽͲƚŽ͛ƉĞŽƉůĞ͘ ŝŶǀŝƚĞƐ ƵƐ ƚŽ ĞǆƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ ͚ŽƉĞŶŶĞƐƐ͕͛ ǁŚŝĐŚ ŵĞĂŶƐ ͚ƚŽ ŚŽůĚ
ŽŶĞ͛ƐƐĞůĨĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞƚŽŽƚŚĞƌƐ͛;ŝƌĚZŽƐĞ͕ϮϬϬϰ͕Ɖ͘ϮϮͿ͘
15
&ŝƌƐƚ EĂƟŽŶƐ ƉĞŽƉůĞ͕ ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͕ ƚĞĂĐŚĞƌƐ͕ ƐĐŚŽůĂƌƐ ŝŶ ďƌŽĂĚ

ĮĞůĚƐ ŽĨ ŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞ͕ ĂŶĚ ŶŽŶͲŚƵŵĂŶ ŽƚŚĞƌƐ ƐŚŽƵůĚ Ăůů ďĞ
ƌĞĐŽŐŶŝƐĞĚ ĂƐ ƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚĞƌƐ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞŽƌŝƐƚƐ ǁŝƚŚ ǁŚŽŵ ǁĞ͕
ĂƐ ĞĚƵĐĂƚŽƌƐ͕ ŚĂǀĞ Ă ƌĞƐƉŽŶƐŝďŝůŝƚǇ ƚŽ ĞŶŐĂŐĞ͘ tĞ ŚĂǀĞ
ĂŶ ŽďůŝŐĂƟŽŶ ƚŽ ƚƌŽƵďůĞ ƚŚĞ ŶĂƌƌŽǁ ĞǆƉĞĐƚĂƟŽŶƐ ƚŚĂƚ ĂƌĞ
ŐĞŶĞƌĂƚĞĚ ďǇ ĨŽĐƵƐŝŶŐ ŽŶůǇ ŽŶ ĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĂů ƚŚĞŽƌǇ ĂƐ ƚŚĞ
ƐŽƵƌĐĞ ŽĨ ŽƵƌ ŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞ͖ ŝŶƐƚĞĂĚ͕ ƚŚĞ ƉƌĂĐƟĐĞ ŽĨ ͚ƚŚŝŶŬŝŶŐͲ
ǁŝƚŚ͛ ;,ĂƌĂǁĂǇ͕ ϮϬϭϲͿ ŽƚŚĞƌƐ ͚ĞŶůĂƌŐĞƐ ŽƵƌ ŽŶƚŽůŽŐŝĐĂů ĂŶĚ
ƉŽůŝƟĐĂůƐĞŶƐĞŽĨŬŝŶƐŚŝƉĂŶĚĂůůŝĂŶĐĞ͛;ŝƌĚZŽƐĞ͕ϮϬϮϮ͕Ɖ͘ϱϱͿ͘
/ůŽŽŬƚŽ͚ŐŽͲƚŽƉĞŽƉůĞ͛ĨŽƌŬŝŶƐŚŝƉĂŶĚĂůůŝĂŶĐĞŽĨƚŚŽƵŐŚƚĂŶĚ
ĂĐƟŽŶ͘
REFERENCES
ŶĐĞƐĐŚŝ͕ ͕͘ Θ DĂĐĐĂĨĞƌƌŝ͕ ͘ ;ĚƐ͘Ϳ͘ ;ϮϬϮϮͿ͘ ĐĐŽƌƉĂŵĞŶƟ͗ ZĞƐŽŶĂŶĐĞƐ
ďĞƚǁĞĞŶĚĂŶĐĞĂŶĚŵƵƐŝĐ͘ZĞŐŐŝŽŵŝůŝĂ͗ZĞŐŐŝŽŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͘
ŝƌĚZŽƐĞ͕͘;ϮϬϬϰͿ͘ZĞƉŽƌƚƐĨƌŽŵĂǁŝůĚĐŽƵŶƚƌǇ͗ƚŚŝĐƐĨŽƌĚĞĐŽůŽŶŝƐĂƟŽŶ͘
^ǇĚŶĞǇ͗hŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇŽĨEĞǁ^ŽƵƚŚtĂůĞƐWƌĞƐƐ͘
ŝƌĚ ZŽƐĞ͕ ͘ ;ϮϬϮϮͿ͘ ^ŚŝŵŵĞƌ͗ ŇǇŝŶŐ ĨŽǆ ĞǆŚƵďĞƌĂŶĐĞ ŝŶ ǁŽƌůĚƐ ŽĨ ƉĞƌŝů͘
ĚŝŶďƵƌŐŚ͗ĚŝŶďƵƌŐŚhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇWƌĞƐƐ͘
ƌĂŝĚŽƫ͕Z͘;ϮϬϭϵͿ͘WŽƐƚŚƵŵĂŶŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞ͘ĂŵďƌŝĚŐĞ͕h<͗WŽůŝƚǇWƌĞƐƐ͘
ĂŐůŝĂƌŝ͕W͕͘ĂƐƚĂŐŶĞƫ͕D͕͘'ŝƵĚŝĐŝ͕͕͘ZŝŶĂůĚŝ͕͕͘sĞĐĐŚŝ͕s͕͘ΘDŽƐƐ͕W͘;ĚƐ͘Ϳ͘
;ϮϬϭϲͿ͘>ŽƌŝƐDĂůĂŐƵǌǌŝĂŶĚƚŚĞƐĐŚŽŽůƐŽĨZĞŐŐŝŽŵŝůŝĂ͗ƐĞůĞĐƟŽŶŽĨŚŝƐ
ǁƌŝƟŶŐƐĂŶĚƐƉĞĞĐŚĞƐ͕ϭϵϰϱͲϭϵϵϯ͘ďŝŶŐĚŽŶ͕KǆŽŶ͗ZŽƵƚůĞĚŐĞ͘
&ŝůŝƉƉŝŶŝ͕d͕͘ΘsĞĐĐŚŝ͕s͘;ĚƐ͘Ϳ͘;ϮϬϭϭͿ͘dŚĞtŽŶĚĞƌŽĨ>ĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ͗dŚĞ,ƵŶĚƌĞĚ
>ĂŶŐƵĂŐĞƐŽĨŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͘ZĞŐŐŝŽŵŝůŝĂ͗ZĞŐŐŝŽŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͘
'ŝƌŽƵǆ͕,͘;ϮϬϭϯͿ͘EĞŽůŝďĞƌĂůŝƐŵ͛ƐǁĂƌĂŐĂŝŶƐƚƚĞĂĐŚĞƌƐŝŶĚĂƌŬƟŵĞƐ͘ƵůƚƵƌĂů
^ƚƵĚŝĞƐͲƌŝƟĐĂůDĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐŝĞƐ͕ϭϯ͕ϰϱϴͲϰϲϴ͘ĚŽŝ͗ϭϬ͘ϭϭϳϳͬϭϱϯϮϳϬϴϲϭϯϱϬϯϳϲϵ
,ĂƌĂǁĂǇ͕͘;ϮϬϭϲͿ͘^ƚĂǇŝŶŐǁŝƚŚƚŚĞdƌŽƵďůĞ͗DĂŬŝŶŐŬŝŶŝŶƚŚĞŚƚŚƵůƵĐĞŶĞ͘
ƵƌŚĂŵ͗ƵŬĞhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇWƌĞƐƐ͘
/ŶŐŽůĚ͕d͘;ϮϬϮϭͿ͘ŽƌƌĞƐƉŽŶĚĞŶĐĞƐ͘ĂŵďƌŝĚŐĞ͗WŽůŝƚǇWƌĞƐƐ͘
DĂŶŶŝŶŐ͕͘;ϮϬϭϲͿ͘dŚĞŵŝŶŽƌŐĞƐƚƵƌĞƵƌŚĂŵ͗ƵŬĞhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇWƌĞƐƐ͘
DĂƐƐƵŵŝ͕͘;ϮϬϭϱͿ͘WŽůŝƟĐƐŽĨĂīĞĐƚ͘ĂŵďƌŝĚŐĞ͗WŽůŝƚǇWƌĞƐƐ͘
WƵŝŐĚĞůĂĞůůĂĐĂƐĂ͕D͘;ϮϬϭϳͿ͘DĂƩĞƌƐŽĨĐĂƌĞ͗ƐƉĞĐƵůĂƟǀĞĞƚŚŝĐƐŝŶŵŽƌĞ
ƚŚĂŶŚƵŵĂŶǁŽƌůĚƐ͘DŝŶŶĞĂƉŽůŝƐ͗hŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇŽĨDŝŶŶĞƐŽƚĂWƌĞƐƐ͘
^ĞŝŐǁŽƌƚŚ͕'͘:͕͘Θ'ƌĞŐŐ͕D͘;ϮϬϭϬͿ͘ŶŝŶǀĞŶƚŽƌǇŽĨƐŚŝŵŵĞƌƐ͘/ŶD͘'ƌĞŐŐ
Θ'͘:͘^ĞŝŐǁŽƌƚŚ;ĚƐ͘Ϳ͕dŚĞĂīĞĐƚƚŚĞŽƌǇƌĞĂĚĞƌ;ƉƉ͘ϭͲϮϱͿ͗ƵŬĞhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ
WƌĞƐƐ͘
ǀĂŶŽŽƌĞŶ͕d͘;ϮϬϭϰͿ͘ĂƌĞ͗>ŝǀŝŶŐ>ĞǆŝĐŽŶĨŽƌƚŚĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂů,ƵŵĂŶŝƟĞƐ͘
ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂů,ƵŵĂŶŝƟĞƐ͕ϱ͕ϮϵϭͲϮϵϰ͘
ǀĂŶŽŽƌĞŶ͕d͕͘ΘŚƌƵůĞǁ͕D͘;ĚƐ͘Ϳ͘;ϮϬϮϮͿ͘<ŝŶ͗dŚŝŶŬŝŶŐǁŝƚŚĞďŽƌĂŚŝƌĚ
ZŽƐĞ͗ƵŬĞhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇWƌĞƐƐ͘
sĞĐĐŚŝ͕ s͕͘ ŽŶŝůĂƵƌŝ͕ ^͕͘ DĞŶŝŶŶŽ͕ /͕͘ Θ dĞĚĞƐĐŚŝ͕ D͘ ;ĚƐ͘Ϳ͘ ;ϮϬϭϵͿ͘
ŽƌĚĞƌĐƌŽƐƐŝŶŐƐ͗ ŶĐŽƵŶƚĞƌƐ ǁŝƚŚ ůŝǀŝŶŐ ƚŚŝŶŐƐ͕ ĚŝŐŝƚĂů ůĂŶĚƐĐĂƉĞƐ͘ ZĞŐŐŝŽ
ŵŝůŝĂ͕/ƚĂůǇ͗ZĞŐŐŝŽŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͘
sĞĐĐŚŝ͕ s͕͘ Θ ZƵŽǌǌŝ͕ D͘ ;ĚƐ͘Ϳ͘ ;ϮϬϭϱͿ͘ DŽƐĂŝĐ ŽĨ ŵĂƌŬƐ͕ ǁŽƌĚƐ͕ ŵĂƚĞƌŝĂů͘
ZĞŐŐŝŽŵŝůŝĂ͗ZĞŐŐŝŽŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͘
ALL YOU REALLY
NEED IS LOVE,
BUT A LITTLE
CHOCOLATE
NOW AND THEN
DOESN’T HURT
CHARLIE BROWN
Charles M. Schulz – Charlie Brown

17
,1)/8(17,$/7+,1.(56
I NEED TO READ MORE

LISA BRYANT
JOURNALIST & EARLY CHILDHOOD CONSULTANT
tŚŽŝŶŇƵĞŶĐĞƐŵǇƉĞƌƐŽŶĂůƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇĂďŽƵƚĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĂŶĚ Feminism has formed me and my understanding of patriarchy

ĐĂƌĞ͍ tŚŽ ĂƌĞ ŵǇ ŐŽͲƚŽ ƚŚŝŶŬĞƌƐ͍ / Ăŵ ŶŽƚ ĂŶ ĞĚƵĐĂƚŽƌ Žƌ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ ǁĂǇ ŝƚ ǁŽƌŬƐ ĂŐĂŝŶƐƚ ƚŚĞ ŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƚƐ ŽĨ ǁŽŵĞŶ ĂŶĚ
ĂƚĞĂĐŚĞƌ͕ďƵƚƐŽŵĞŽŶĞǁŚŽŝƐĐŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚĂďŽƵƚƚŚĞƉŽůŝƟĐƐ ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͘&ĞŵŝŶŝƐƚǁƌŝƚĞƌƐ/ƌĞĂĚǁŚĞŶ/ǁĂƐǇŽƵŶŐĞƌƐƵĐŚĂƐ
ŽĨ ĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ĐĂƌĞ͘ dŚĞ ƉĞŽƉůĞ / Ăŵ ŝŶŇƵĞŶĐĞĚ ďǇ ĂƌĞ ZŽďŝŶDŽƌŐĂŶ͕'ĞƌŵĂŝŶĞ'ƌĞĞƌ͕ŽƌŝƐ>ĞƐƐŝŶŐ͕ŶŶĞ^ƵŵŵĞƌƐ
ĚŝƐƉĂƌĂƚĞ͘ dŚĞƐĞ ƉĞŽƉůĞ ŚĂǀĞ ŚĞůƉĞĚ ĨŽƌŵ ǁŚĂƚ / ďĞůŝĞǀĞ ĂŶĚĂŝƚůŝŶDŽƌĂŶ͘ŽŶƚĞŵƉŽƌĂƌǇƵƐƚƌĂůŝĂŶĨĞŵŝŶŝƐƚƐƐƵĐŚĂƐ
ĂďŽƵƚ ŚƵŵĂŶŝƚǇ͕ ƚŚŝƐ ƐĞĐƚŽƌ͕ ǁŽŵĞŶ͛Ɛ ƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ǁŽƌůĚ :ĂŶĞ ĂƌŽ͕ ůĞŵĞŶƟŶĞ &ŽƌĚ͕ :ĂŶĞ 'ŝůŵŽƵƌ͕ :ĞŶŶĂ WƌŝĐĞ͕ sĂŶ
ĂŶĚŚŽǁŽŶĞƐŚŽƵůĚĐŽŶĚƵĐƚŽŶĞƐĞůĨĂƐĂŶĂĚǀŽĐĂƚĞĂŶĚĂƐ ĂĚŚĂŵ͕:ĞƐƐ,ŝůůĂŶĚ'ƌĂĐĞdĂŵĞ͘
ƐŽŵĞŽŶĞƚƌǇŝŶŐƚŽŵĂŬĞƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚĂďĞƩĞƌƉůĂĐĞ͘
dŚĞŶ ƚŚĞƌĞ ĂƌĞ ƚŚĞ ƚŚŝŶŬĞƌƐ ƚŚĂƚ ŚĂǀĞ ŝŶŇƵĞŶĐĞĚ ŵǇ
dŚŝƐůŝƐƚĞǆƉŽƐĞƐƐŽŵƵĐŚĂďŽƵƚŵǇƐĞůĨ͘,ŽǁŝŶŇƵĞŶĐĞĚ/Ăŵ ƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐŽĨŚƵŵĂŶƉƐǇĐŚŽůŽŐǇĂŶĚŵǇŽǁŶ͘WĞŽƉůĞůŝŬĞ
ďǇǁŽŵĞŶ;ŶŽƚĂďĂĚƚŚŝŶŐͿ͕ďƵƚŚŽǁǁŚŝƚĞŵǇǁŽƌůĚŝƐ͘EŽƚ ƌĞŶĠƌŽǁŶ͕ůĂŝŶĚĞŽƩŽŶ͕ĂŶĚD͘^ĐŽƩWĞĐŬ͘
ŽŶĞ ďŽƌŝŐŝŶĂů ƉĞƌƐŽŶ ŝƐ ŽŶ ŵǇ ůŝƐƚ͘ ,ĂƌĚůǇ ĂŶǇ ŶŽŶͲŶŐůŽ
ŽŶĞƐ͘DŽƐƚĂƌĞĨƌŽŵƵƐƚƌĂůŝĂ͕ŶŐůĂŶĚŽƌŵĞƌŝĐĂ͘DŽƐƚĂƌĞ KŶĞ͛ƐƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇŝƐĂůƐŽƐŚĂƉĞĚďǇĂůůǁĞŵĞĞƚ͘/ĂŵƚŚĞƌĞĨŽƌĞ
ŵǇ ƉĞĞƌƐ Žƌ ŽůĚĞƌ ƚŚĂŶ ŵĞ͘ / Ăŵ ĞŵďĂƌƌĂƐƐĞĚ ĂďŽƵƚ Ăůů ŽĨ ŝŶŇƵĞŶĐĞĚ ďǇ ƚŚĞ ŵĂŶǇ ĞĚƵĐĂƚŽƌƐ ĂŶĚ ĞĂƌůǇ ĐŚŝůĚŚŽŽĚ
ƚŚŝƐ͕ďƵƚŝƚĂůƐŽƐĂǇƐĂůŽƚĂďŽƵƚƚŚĞĞƌĂ/ǁĂƐĞĚƵĐĂƚĞĚŝŶ͘/ ƚĞĂĐŚĞƌƐ/ŚĂǀĞƐƉŽŬĞŶƚŽ͕ǁƌŝƩĞŶǁŝƚŚĂŶĚĂƌŐƵĞĚǁŝƚŚ͘ŶĚ
ĂŵĞŵďĂƌƌĂƐƐĞĚƚŚĂƚŵǇƌĞĂĚŝŶŐŝƐƐŽůŝŵŝƚĞĚ͘dŚĞƌĞĂƌĞƐŽ ĂďŽǀĞĂůů͕ďǇŵǇĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͘
ŵĂŶǇŐƌĞĂƚĨĞŵŝŶŝƐƚƚŚŝŶŬĞƌƐ/ŚĂǀĞŶŽƚǇĞƚƌĞĂĚĂŶĚƐŽŵĂŶǇ
ƉŽƉƵůĂƌŝƐƚĨĞŵŝŶŝƐƚƐ/ŚĂǀĞ͘/ĂŵĞŵďĂƌƌĂƐƐĞĚƚŚĂƚ/ŚĂǀĞƌĞĂĚ
ƐŽůŝƩůĞŽĨƚŚĞŐƌĞĂƚƚŚŝŶŬĞƌƐŽĨŽƵƌƐĞĐƚŽƌ͘/ŶŵǇĚĞĨĞŶĐĞ͕/
<RXKDYHDULJKWWRSXW\RXUVHOIƪUVW
ŚĂǀĞ ƐƉĞŶƚ ŵŽƐƚ ŽĨ ŵǇ ůŝĨĞ ĂƐ Ă ƐŝŶŐůĞ ŵŽƚŚĞƌ ĂŶĚ ŝŶĐŽŵĞ without feeling guilty...
ĞĂƌŶĞƌ͕ǁŚŝĐŚŚĂƐƌŽďďĞĚŵĞŽĨƚŚĞƟŵĞƚŽƌĞĂĚǁŝĚĞůǇĂŶĚ <RXDUHƪQHMXVWWKHZD\\RXDUH
ĚĞĞƉůǇ͘/ĂŵĂůƐŽĨŽƌĞǀĞƌĞŵďĂƌƌĂƐƐĞĚĂƚŵǇůĂĐŬŽĨĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ͘
All you have to do is believe it...
Ƶƚ/ĂĚŵŝƚƚŚŝƐŶŽǁƌĂƚŚĞƌƚŚĂŶŚŝĚŝŶŐŝƚďĞĐĂƵƐĞďĞŝŶŐŽƉĞŶ
ĂďŽƵƚǁŚĂƚŽŶĞŝƐŵŽƐƚĂƐŚĂŵĞĚŽĨŵĂŬĞƐŝƚĞĂƐŝĞƌĨŽƌŽƚŚĞƌƐ ...life is chancy, and control is an illusion
ǁŚŽĂůƐŽďĞĂƌƐŝůĞŶƚƐŚĂŵĞ͘ ...life is short. Have as much fun as you can.
You are here because you are here.
tŚĞŶ/ĮƌƐƚƐƚĂƌƚĞĚǁŽƌŬŝŶŐŝŶƚŚŝƐƐĞĐƚŽƌ͕ŝƚǁĂƐƚŚĞǁƌŝƟŶŐƐŽĨ
&ƌĂŶWƌĞƐƐ͕ǀĂŽǆĂŶĚĞďƌĞŶŶĞŶƚŚĂƚŝŶŇƵĞŶĐĞĚŵĞƚŚĞ
Enjoy every minute of the ride.
ŵŽƐƚ͘&ƌĂŶďĞĐĂƵƐĞƐŚĞǁƌŝƚĞƐƐŽĐůĞĂƌůǇĂŶĚŚĂƐƐƵĐŚŝŶƐŝŐŚƚ Jane Caro
ŝŶƚŽǁŚĞƌĞŽƵƌĐƵƌƌĞŶƚƐǇƐƚĞŵŽĨĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĂŶĚĐĂƌĞĨĂŝůƐ͘ǀĂ
ďĞĐĂƵƐĞƐŚĞŝƐĂĮĞƌĐĞĨĞŵŝŶŝƐƚĂŶĚŝŵĂŐŝŶĞƐƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚĂƐŝƚ
ĐŽƵůĚ ďĞ ƌĂƚŚĞƌ ƚŚĂŶ ŚŽǁ ŝƚ ŝƐ͘ Ğď ďĞĐĂƵƐĞ ƐŚĞ ǁƌŽƚĞ ƚŚĞ
ŵŽƐƚƚŚŽƌŽƵŐŚŚŝƐƚŽƌǇŽĨŽƵƌƐĞĐƚŽƌĞǀĞƌ͘dŚŝŶŬĞƌƐ/ŵĞĞƚŽƌ
ŬŶŽǁĂůƐŽŝŶŇƵĞŶĐĞŵĞͶƉĞŽƉůĞůŝŬĞdĂŶǇĂ'ŽĚĚĂƌĚĂŶĚZŽǌ
ŽƌŶŝƐŚ͘dŚĞƉĞŽƉůĞ/ƚĂůŬƚŽĂďŽƵƚƚŚŝƐƐĞĐƚŽƌĞǆƚĞŶƐŝǀĞůǇĂŶĚ
ĚĂŝůǇ͕>ĞĂŶŶĞ'ŝďďƐ͕>ŝĂŵDĐEŝĐŚŽůĂƐ͕<Ăƌů,ĞƐƐŝĂŶ͕ŶƚŚŽŶǇ
^ĞŵĂŶŶ͕ĂŶĚZĞĚZƵďǇ^ĐĂƌůĞƚ͕ŝŶŇƵĞŶĐĞŵĞŵŽƌĞƚŚĂŶƚŚĞǇ
ŵĂǇƌĞĂůŝƐĞ͘
18
FROM PHILOSOPHY
TO PEDAGOGY:
ANCHORED IN AKO
JENNA CLOSE
SEMANN & SLATTERY
&Žƌ ǇĞĂƌƐ͕ ŵǇ ƚĞĂĐŚŝŶŐ ƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇ ŵŝƌƌŽƌĞĚ ƚŚĂƚ ŽĨ /ƚŚŝŶŬƚŚĂƚĂƐƚĞĂĐŚĞƌƐ͕ǁĞĚƌĂǁŝŶƐƉŝƌĂƟŽŶĂŶĚŝŶƐŝŐŚƚĨƌŽŵ

ŽƚŚĞƌ ƚĞĂĐŚĞƌƐ͕ ĚƌĂǁŝŶŐ ŝŶƐƉŝƌĂƟŽŶ ĨƌŽŵ ĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚĞƐ ůŝŬĞ ŽƵƌŽǁŶůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ͕ǁĞĐƌŝƟĐĂůůǇƌĞŇĞĐƚƵƉŽŶŽƵƌĞǆƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞƐ
ZĞŐŐŝŽ ŵŝůŝĂ ĂŶĚ Z/͕ ĂŶĚ ƚŽƵĐŚŝŶŐ ƵƉŽŶ ƚŚĞŽƌŝĞƐ ůŝŬĞ ;ďŽƚŚƉŽƐŝƟǀĞĂŶĚŶĞŐĂƟǀĞͿ͕ĂŶĚƵƐĞƚŚĞŵĂƐƚŚĞĨŽƵŶĚĂƟŽŶƐ
ƌŽŶĨĞŶďƌĞŶŶĞƌ͛Ɛ ĐŽůŽŐŝĐĂů ^ǇƐƚĞŵƐ dŚĞŽƌǇ ĂŶĚ WŝĂŐĞƚ͛Ɛ ĨŽƌĞŶƌŝĐŚŝŶŐƚŚĞĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĂůůĂŶĚƐĐĂƉĞƐǁĞĐƌĞĂƚĞ͘
^ƚĂŐĞƐ ŽĨ ŽŐŶŝƟǀĞ ĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ͘ dŚĞƐĞ ĂƌĞ Ăůů ǁŽŶĚĞƌĨƵů
ĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚĞƐ͖ ŚŽǁĞǀĞƌ͕ / ŚĂĚ ŶĞǀĞƌ ďĞĞŶ ƚŽ ZĞŐŐŝŽ͕ ĂŶĚ / <ŝĂǁŚĂŬĂƚƃŵƵƌŝƚĞŚĂĞƌĞǁŚĂŬĂŵƵĂ͗dŚŝƐǁŚĂŬĂƚĂƵŬŝ;DĈŽƌŝ
ƐƚƌƵŐŐůĞĚƚŽĂƌƟĐƵůĂƚĞŚŽǁŵǇƉƌĂĐƟĐĞĂůŝŐŶĞĚǁŝƚŚWŝĂŐĞƚ͛Ɛ͘ ƉƌŽǀĞƌďͿ ƚƌĂŶƐůĂƚĞƐ ƚŽ ͚tĞ ǁĂůŬ ŝŶƚŽ ƚŚĞ ĨƵƚƵƌĞ͕ ůŽŽŬŝŶŐ
ďĂĐŬǁĂƌĚ͕ǁŝƚŚŽƵƌĞǇĞƐŽŶƚŚĞƉĂƐƚ͛͘
DǇƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇůĂĐŬĞĚĂĚŝƐƟŶĐƚƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŽĨŵǇŽǁŶƉƌĂĐƟĐĞ͕
ŝĚĞŶƟƚǇ͕ĂŶĚǁŚĂƚŵĂŬĞƐŵĞĂƵŶŝƋƵĞĂŶĚŝŶĚŝǀŝĚƵĂůƚĞĂĐŚĞƌ͘ /ŶŽƌĚĞƌƚŽĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚĂƐƚƌŽŶŐƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇ͕/ŶĞĞĚĞĚƚŽĐƌŝƟĐĂůůǇ
&Žƌ ƉƌŽƐƉĞĐƟǀĞ ĞŵƉůŽǇĞƌƐ͕ ĂŶĚ ĞǀĞŶ ǁŽƌƐĞ͕ ĨŽƌ ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ ƌĞŇĞĐƚĂŶĚƌĞĐŽŶŶĞĐƚǁŝƚŚŵǇǁŚǇ͘tŚǇĚŝĚ/ĐŚŽŽƐĞƚĞĂĐŚŝŶŐ
ĂŶĚ ĨĂŵŝůŝĞƐ͕ / ǁĂƐ ŝŶĚŝƐƟŶŐƵŝƐŚĂďůĞ ĨƌŽŵ ĞǀĞƌǇ ŽƚŚĞƌ ĨƌĞƐŚ ĂƐĂƉƌŽĨĞƐƐŝŽŶŝŶƚŚĞĮƌƐƚƉůĂĐĞ͍
ŐƌĂĚƵĂƚĞ͘
ǇĞĂƌ ďĞĨŽƌĞ / ǁĂƐ ĞǆƉŽƐĞĚ ƚŽ ^ŝŶĞŬ͛Ɛ ǁŽƌŬ͕ / ĂƩĞŶĚĞĚ Ă
/ŶŵǇĨŽƵƌƚŚǇĞĂƌŽĨƚĞĂĐŚŝŶŐ͕/ǁĂƐĞǆƉŽƐĞĚƚŽ^ŝŵŽŶ^ŝŶĞŬ͛Ɛ WƌŽĨĞƐƐŝŽŶĂů >ĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ ĂǇ ;W>Ϳ ǁŝƚŚ EĂƚŚĂŶ tĂůůŝƐ͕ ǁŚŽ
ĐŽŶĐĞƉƚŽĨ͚dŚĞ'ŽůĚĞŶŝƌĐůĞ͛͘dŚĞĐŝƌĐůĞŚŝŐŚůŝŐŚƚƐŚŽǁŵĂŶǇ ƐŚĂƌĞĚƚŚĞǁŽƌŬŽĨƌƌƵĐĞWĞƌƌǇ͕ĂŶĂĐƟǀĞƚĞĂĐŚĞƌ͕ĐůŝŶŝĐŝĂŶ͕
ŝŶĚŝǀŝĚƵĂůƐ ĐĂŶ ĐůĞĂƌůǇ ŝĚĞŶƟĨǇ ǁŚĂƚ ƚŚĞǇ ĚŽ ĂŶĚ ŚŽǁ ƚŚĞǇ and researcher in the neurosciences and children’s mental
ĚŽ ŝƚ ďƵƚ ƐƚƌƵŐŐůĞ ƚŽ ĂƌƟĐƵůĂƚĞ ƚŚĞŝƌ ǁŚǇ͕ ƚŚĞŝƌ ƵŶĚĞƌůǇŝŶŐ ŚĞĂůƚŚ͘tĂůůŝƐŚŝŐŚůŝŐŚƚĞĚƚŚĂƚƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚƐŚŽǁƐƚŚĞƌĞĂƌĞƚŚƌĞĞ
ƉƵƌƉŽƐĞ͕ĂŶĚŵŽƟǀĂƟŽŶ͘ ƚŚŝŶŐƐƚŚĂƚĚĞƚĞƌŵŝŶĞůŝĨĞůŽŶŐƐƵĐĐĞƐƐ͗ĂƉŽƐŝƟǀĞǀŝĞǁŽĨŽŶĞ͛Ɛ
ŐĞŶĚĞƌ͕ĐƵůƚƵƌĞ͕ĂŶĚƐĞůĨĂƐĂůĞĂƌŶĞƌ͘
tŚĞŶ / ĂƉƉůŝĞĚ ƚŚŝƐ ĐŽŶĐĞƉƚ ƚŽ ĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ͕ ŝƚ ƚŽŽŬ ŽŶ ŶĞǁ
ƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶĐĞ͘ ƚƚŚĞƟŵĞ͕ƚŚŝƐƐŝŵƉůĞƉƌĞŵŝƐĞƐƚƌƵĐŬĂĐŚŽƌĚǁŝƚŚŝŶŵĞĂŶĚ
ŚĞůƉĞĚŵĞƌĞĐŽŐŶŝƐĞƚŚĞŝŵŵĞŶƐĞǀĂůƵĞŽĨŵǇŽǁŶƐĐŚŽŽůŝŶŐ
/ ǀŝĞǁ ƚŚĞ ͚ǁŚĂƚ͛ ĂƐ ĞŶĐŽŵƉĂƐƐŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ĐƵƌƌŝĐƵůƵŵ ĂŶĚ ŽƵƌ ĞǆƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ͕ďƵƚ/ĚŝĚŶ͛ƚĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌƚŚŝƐĂƐĂƉƌŽŵƉƚƚŽƌĞǀŝĞǁ
ĚĂŝůǇƌŽƵƟŶĞƐ͕ƚŚĞƚĂŶŐŝďůĞĂƐƉĞĐƚƐƚŚĂƚĚĞĮŶĞŽƵƌĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĂů ŵǇƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇ͘
ƉƌĂĐƟĐĞƐ͘ dŚĞ ͚ŚŽǁ͛ ƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚƐ ŽƵƌ ƚĞĂĐŚŝŶŐ ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĞƐ ĂŶĚ
ƚŚĞ ƚŚĞŽƌĞƟĐĂů ĂŶĚ ƉĞĚĂŐŽŐŝĐĂů ĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚĞƐ ǁĞ ĞŵƉůŽǇ ƚŽ EŽǁ͕ ǁŝƚŚ ^ŝŶĞŬ͛Ɛ ͚'ŽůĚĞŶ ŝƌĐůĞ͛ ĂƐ Ă ƉƌŽŵƉƚ͕ / ƌĞĐĂůůĞĚ
ĨĂĐŝůŝƚĂƚĞ͕ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ ĂŶĚ ƐĐĂīŽůĚ ůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ͘ ,ŽǁĞǀĞƌ͕ ŝƚ ŝƐ ƚŚĞ EĂƚŚĂŶ͛ƐǁŽƌĚƐĂŶĚďĞŐĂŶƚŽƌĞǀŝĞǁŵǇƚĞĂĐŚŝŶŐƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇ
͚ǁŚǇ͛ ƚŚĂƚ ŚŽůĚƐ ŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶĐĞ͕ Ă ƉƌŽĨŽƵŶĚ ƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ĮƌƐƚ ƟŵĞ ŝŶ ĨŽƵƌ ǇĞĂƌƐ͘ ZĞĂĚŝŶŐ ŵǇ ƉƌĞǀŝŽƵƐ ŝĚĞĂƐ
ƚŚĂƚ ĚƌŝǀĞƐ ŽƵƌ ĂĐƟŽŶƐ ĂŶĚ ĨŽƌŵƐ ƚŚĞ ďĂƐĞ ŽĨ Ă ŵĞĂŶŝŶŐĨƵů ĂďŽƵƚŚŽǁ/ǁĂƐŝŶƐƉŝƌĞĚďǇƚŚĞƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĞƐŽĨZĞŐŐŝŽŵŝůŝĂ
ƚĞĂĐŚŝŶŐƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇ͘ ĂŶĚZ/͕/ƐƚĂƌƚĞĚƚŽƋƵĞƐƟŽŶǁŚǇ/ĨĞůƚƚŚĞŶĞĞĚƚŽůŽŽŬƐŽ
ĨĂƌ ĂďƌŽĂĚ ǁŚĞŶ ƚŚĞ ƌŝĐŚŶĞƐƐ ŽĨ dĞ Ž DĈŽƌŝ ǁŽƌůĚǀŝĞǁƐ
/ ĮƌŵůǇ ďĞůŝĞǀĞ ƚŚĂƚ ƚŚĞ ŝŵƉĂĐƚ ŽĨ ŽƵƌ ǁŽƌŬ ĂƐ ĞĚƵĐĂƚŽƌƐ ŚĂĚďĞĞŶƚŚĞĐĂƚĂůǇƐƚĨŽƌŵǇŽǁŶƉĞƌƐŽŶĂůůŽǀĞŽĨůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ͘/
ƌĞƐŝĚĞƐŝŶƚŚĞ͚ǁŚǇ͕͛ƚŚĞƉƵƌƉŽƐĞƚŚĂƚĨƵĞůƐŽƵƌƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĞƐ͘ ƌĞĂůŝƐĞĚƚŚĂƚŵǇƉƌŝŵĂƌǇƐĐŚŽŽůĞǆƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞǁĂƐĂƌĂƌĞŐĞŵͶĂ
DǇƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇƌĞĂůůǇĚŝĚŶ͛ƚŚŝŐŚůŝŐŚƚŵǇǁŚǇ͘ ŶƵƌƚƵƌŝŶŐ ĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚ ǁŚĞƌĞ Ă ƉŽƐŝƟǀĞ ǀŝĞǁ ŽĨ ŵǇ ĐƵůƚƵƌĞ
ǁĂƐ ŝŐŶŝƚĞĚ͕ ŵǇƐĞůĨ ĂƐ Ă ůĞĂƌŶĞƌ ŝŶƐƉŝƌĞĚ͕ ĂŶĚ ŵǇ ŐĞŶĚĞƌ
ĞŵƉŽǁĞƌĞĚ͘/ǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽĞŵƵůĂƚĞƚŚĂƚĨŽƌĂůůĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͘
19
/ƚǁĂƐƟŵĞĨŽƌƚŚĞŵĂŚŝ;ǁŽƌŬͿ͘ /ďĞůŝĞǀĞƚŚŝƐĞŶĐĂƉƐƵůĂƚĞĚƉƌĞĐŝƐĞůǇǁŚĂƚ/ŚĂĚďĞĞŶƐƚƌƵŐŐůŝŶŐ
ƚŽ ĐŽŶǀĞǇ͕ ĞǆƚĞŶĚŝŶŐ ďĞǇŽŶĚ Ă ŵĞƌĞ ŚĂŶĚĨƵů ŽĨ ǁŽƌĚƐ͘ /
/ŶŝƟĂůůǇ͕ / ƐƚĂƌƚĞĚ ǁŝƚŚ ũƵƐƚ ǁŽƌĚƐ͕ ǁŽƌĚƐ / ĨĞůƚ ŚŝŐŚůŝŐŚƚĞĚ ĐŽŶĐůƵĚĞĚƚŚĂƚŝĨĂŬŽǁĂƐƚŽďĞƚŚĞĐŽƌĞŽĨŵǇƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇ͕/
ŵǇ ƚĞĂĐŚŝŶŐ ƐƚƌĞŶŐƚŚƐ Žƌ ƉƌĂĐƟĐĞƐ / ĂƐƉŝƌĞĚ ƚŽ͘ tŽƌĚƐ ƚŚĂƚ ŚĂĚƚŽĚŽŝƚǁŝƚŚŝŶƚĞŐƌŝƚǇ͘
ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚĞĚŵĞŝŶĞŶƐƵƌŝŶŐĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶŚĂĚĂƉŽƐŝƟǀĞǀŝĞǁŽĨƚŚĞŝƌ
ĐƵůƚƵƌĞ͕ŐĞŶĚĞƌ͕ĂŶĚƚŚĞŵƐĞůǀĞƐĂƐůĞĂƌŶĞƌƐ͘ dŚĞƉƌŝŶĐŝƉůĞŽĨĂŬŽŝŶĐůƵĚĞĚĂůůŽĨƚŚĞĐŽŶĐĞƉƚƐ/ŚĂĚĂůƌĞĂĚǇ
ŝĚĞŶƟĮĞĚĂƐǀĂůƵĂďůĞ͕ďƵƚŝƚĂůƐŽŝŶĐůƵĚĞĚĐŽŶĐĞƉƚƐ/ǁĂƐŶŽƚ
dŚŝƐĞǆĞƌĐŝƐĞŚĞůƉĞĚŵĞƌĞĐŽŐŶŝƐĞƚŚĞŝŶŇƵĞŶĐĞƐƚŚĂƚƐŚĂƉĞĚ ǇĞƚƉƌĂĐƟƐŝŶŐ͘
ŵĞĂŶĚĐŽŶŶĞĐƚǁŚŽ/ĂŵƉĞƌƐŽŶĂůůǇĂŶĚƉƌŽĨĞƐƐŝŽŶĂůůǇ͘
ŬŽ ĂůƐŽ ŚŝŐŚůŝŐŚƚƐ ƚŚĂƚ ƚĞĂĐŚĞƌƐ͛ ƉƌĂĐƟĐĞƐ ĂƌĞ ŝŶĨŽƌŵĞĚ ďǇ
Aroha – ůŽǀĞ͕ĐĂƌĞ͕ƌĞƐƉĞĐƚ͕ƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ͕ĂŶĚŬŝŶĚŶĞƐƐ ƚŚĞůĂƚĞƐƚƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ͘
ʹƚŽǁĂƌĚƐŽƚŚĞƌƐĂŶĚƐĞůĨͿ
Whakamana –ĞŵƉŽǁĞƌŝŶŐĂŶĚƵƉůŝŌŝŶŐŽƚŚĞƌƐ͕ĐƌĞĂƟŶŐ dŚŝƐƌĞĐŽŐŶŝƟŽŶŚĂƐĨŽƌŵĞĚƚŚĞďĂƐŝƐŽĨŵǇĞǀŽůǀŝŶŐƚĞĂĐŚŝŶŐ
ĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚƐƚŚĂƚĨŽƐƚĞƌŐƌŽǁƚŚ͕ƐƚƌĞŶŐƚŚĞŶŝŶŐĐƵůƚƵƌĂů ŵĞƚŚŽĚƐ͕ŶŽƚŽŶůǇĂŶĐŚŽƌŝŶŐŵĞŝŶŵǇǁŚǇĂŶĚƐƚƌĞŶŐƚŚĞŶŝŶŐ
ŝĚĞŶƟƚǇ͕ƐĞůĨͲďĞůŝĞĨ͕ĂŶĚĐŽŶĮĚĞŶĐĞ ŵǇŝŶƚĞŶƟŽŶĂůŝƚǇďƵƚĚŝƌĞĐƟŶŐŵĞƚŽǁĂƌĚƐĂůůĨƵƚƵƌĞƉƵƌƐƵŝƚƐ͘
/ƚŐƵĂƌĂŶƚĞĞƐŵǇĐŽŶƟŶƵŽƵƐůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐďĞǇŽŶĚƚŚĞĐůĂƐƐƌŽŽŵ͘
Whanaungatanga –ƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉƐ͕ŝŶƚĞƌĐŽŶŶĞĐƚĞĚŶĞƐƐ͕
ĂŶĐŝŶŐďĞƚǁĞĞŶƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇĂŶĚƉĞĚĂŐŽŐǇ͕ĂŶĐŚŽƌĞĚŝŶĂŬŽ͘
ďĞůŽŶŐŝŶŐ͕ĨĂŵŝůǇ͕ĂŶĚĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚǇ
Whakauru – ĞŶƐƵƌĞ ĞǀĞƌǇŽŶĞ ŚĂƐ Ă ǀŽŝĐĞ͕ ĐĞůĞďƌĂƚĞ
ĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ͕ŝŶĐůƵĚĞĂŶĚǀĂůƵĞĞǀĞƌǇŽŶĞ
Ako means to both teach and learn; the
Mana – ŝŶƚĞŐƌŝƚǇ͕ůĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉ͕ƵƉŚŽůĚŝŶŐĐƵůƚƵƌĂůǀĂůƵĞƐ͕
ƚƌĂĚŝƟŽŶƐ͕ĂŶĚƉƌŽƚŽĐŽů role of the teacher and the learner are
<ĂŝƟĂŬŝƚĂŶŐĂʹ guardianship of and responsibility for the interchangeable.
ŶĂƚƵƌĂůǁŽƌůĚ͕ƐƵƐƚĂŝŶĂďŝůŝƚǇ͕ƉƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶ͕ĂŶĚƉƌĞƐĞƌǀĂƟŽn
/ ĨĞůƚ ŝŶĐƌĞĚŝďůǇ ĨŽƌƚƵŶĂƚĞ ǁŚĞŶ / ƌĞͲƌĞĂĚ dĞ tŚĈƌŝŬŝ͕ REFERENCES

ŚĂīĞǇ͕ ͘ ;ϮϬϮϮ͕ EŽǀĞŵďĞƌ ϰͿ͘ 'ŽůĚĞŶ ŝƌĐůĞ ŵŽĚĞů͗ ^ŝŶĞŬ͛Ɛ ƚŚĞŽƌǇ ǀĂůƵĞ
approaching it from the lens of my purpose rather than solely ƉƌŽƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ͗ƐƚĂƌƚǁŝƚŚǁŚǇ͘^ŵĂƌƚ/ŶƐŝŐŚƚƐ͘ŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘ƐŵĂƌƟŶƐŝŐŚƚƐ͘ĐŽŵͬ
ĨŽĐƵƐŝŶŐŽŶƚŚĞƐƉĞĐŝĮĐƐŽĨǁŚĂƚĂŶĚŚŽǁ͘/ƚǁĂƐƚŚĞŶƚŚĂƚƚŚĞ ĚŝŐŝƚĂůͲŵĂƌŬĞƟŶŐͲƐƚƌĂƚĞŐǇͬŽŶůŝŶĞͲǀĂůƵĞͲƉƌŽƉŽƐŝƟŽŶͬƐƚĂƌƚͲǁŝƚŚͲǁŚǇͲĐƌĞĂƟŶŐͲ
ĂͲǀĂůƵĞͲƉƌŽƉŽƐŝƟŽŶͲǁŝƚŚͲƚŚĞͲŐŽůĚĞŶͲĐŝƌĐůĞͲŵŽĚĞůͬ
ĐƵƌƌŝĐƵůƵŵƚƌƵůǇƌĞƐŽŶĂƚĞĚǁŝƚŚŵĞ͕ĂůŝŐŶŝŶŐǁŝƚŚŵǇĚĞĞƉůǇ
ŚĞůĚǀĂůƵĞƐĂŶĚďĞůŝĞĨƐ͘ <Ă,ŝŬŝƟĂ͘;ϮϬϬϵͿ͘DĂŶĂŐŝŶŐĨŽƌ^ƵĐĐĞƐƐ͘dŚĞDĈŽƌŝĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ^ƚƌĂƚĞŐǇ͕ϮϬϬϴʹ
ϮϬϭϮ͕ ϮϬ͘ ŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘ĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ͘ŐŽǀƚ͘ŶǌͬĂƐƐĞƚƐͬŽĐƵŵĞŶƚƐͬDŝŶŝƐƚƌǇͬ
^ƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĞƐͲĂŶĚͲƉŽůŝĐŝĞƐͬ<ĂͲ,ŝŬŝƟĂͬ<Ă,ŝŬŝƟĂϮϬϬϵWĂƌƚKŶĞ͘ƉĚĨ
tŝƚŚ Ă ƌĞĂĸƌŵĞĚ ƐĞŶƐĞ ŽĨ ŵǇ ǁŚǇ͕ / ƐƚĂƌƚĞĚ ƚŽ ƌĞǁƌŝƚĞ ŵǇ
dŚĞĐŽŶĐĞƉƚŽĨĂŬŽͬƐƉĞĐƚƐŽĨƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐͬdĞĂĐŚŝŶŐĂŶĚůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐƚĞƌĞŽDĈŽƌŝ
ƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇ͘ / ůŝŬĞĚ ƚŚĞ ŝĚĞĂ ŽĨ ƐŝŵƉůĞ ǁŽƌĚƐ ƚŽ ƐƵŵŵĂƌŝƐĞ ͬƵƌƌŝĐƵůƵŵŐƵŝĚĞůŝŶĞƐͬ,ŽŵĞͲdĞƌĞŽDĈŽƌŝ͘;Ŷ͘Ě͘Ϳ͘ŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬƚĞƌĞŽŵĂŽƌŝ͘ƚŬŝ͘
ŵǇ ǁŽƌŬ͘ dŚĞ ďĞĂƵƚǇ ŽĨ ƚĞ ƌĞŽ DĈŽƌŝ ůŝĞƐ ŝŶ ŝƚƐ ĂďŝůŝƚǇ ƚŽ ŽƌŐ͘ŶǌͬƵƌƌŝĐƵůƵŵͲŐƵŝĚĞůŝŶĞƐͬdĞĂĐŚŝŶŐͲĂŶĚͲůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐͲƚĞͲƌĞŽͲDĂŽƌŝͬƐƉĞĐƚƐͲ
ŽĨͲƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐͬdŚĞͲĐŽŶĐĞƉƚͲŽĨͲĂŬŽ
ĞŶĐĂƉƐƵůĂƚĞĐŽŵƉůĞǆĐŽŶĐĞƉƚƐǁŝƚŚŝŶĐŽŶĐŝƐĞĂŶĚŵĞĂŶŝŶŐĨƵů
ǁŽƌĚƐ͘/ĚĞĐŝĚĞĚŵǇƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇǁŽƵůĚďĞƐƵŵŵĂƌŝƐĞĚďǇƚŚĞ tĂůůŝƐ͕ E͘ ;ϮϬϭϬ͕ DĂǇ ϭϬͿ͘ /ƚ ŝƐ ŶĞǀĞƌ ƚŽŽ ůĂƚĞ ƚŽ ŵĂŬĞ ĂŶ ŝŵƉĂĐƚ͊ ;dŚĞ
ƌĂŝŶǁĂǀĞdƌƵƐƚ͕Ě͘Ϳ΀ZĞǀŝĞǁŽĨ/ƚŝƐŶĞǀĞƌƚŽŽůĂƚĞƚŽŵĂŬĞĂŶŝŵƉĂĐƚ͊΁
ǁŽƌĚĂŬŽ͘
ŬŽŵĞĂŶƐƚŽďŽƚŚƚĞĂĐŚĂŶĚůĞĂƌŶ͖ƚŚĞƌŽůĞŽĨƚŚĞƚĞĂĐŚĞƌ
ĂŶĚƚŚĞůĞĂƌŶĞƌĂƌĞŝŶƚĞƌĐŚĂŶŐĞĂďůĞ͘ŬŽŝƐŐƌŽƵŶĚĞĚŝŶƚŚĞ
ƉƌŝŶĐŝƉůĞ ŽĨ ƌĞĐŝƉƌŽĐŝƚǇ ĂŶĚ ŶŽŶͲŚŝĞƌĂƌĐŚŝĐĂů ƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉƐ͕
ƌĞĐŽŐŶŝƐŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞ ƚŚĂƚ ďŽƚŚ ƚĞĂĐŚĞƌƐ ĂŶĚ ůĞĂƌŶĞƌƐ
ďƌŝŶŐƚŽůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐŝŶƚĞƌĂĐƟŽŶƐĂŶĚĂĐŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐŝŶŐƚŚĞǁĂǇƚŚĂƚ
ŶĞǁŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞĂŶĚƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐƐĐĂŶŐƌŽǁŽƵƚŽĨƐŚĂƌĞĚ
ůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐĞǆƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞƐ͘ŬŽĞŵƉŚĂƐŝƐĞƐƚŚĂƚƚĞĂĐŚĞƌƐĂƌĞďŽƚŚ
ŝŶƚĞŶƟŽŶĂůĂŶĚƌĞŇĞĐƟǀĞ͘
20
LORIS MALAGUZZI:
THE MAN, THE THINKING, THE LEGACY
FIONA ZINN & CARA MEARNS
REGGIO EMILIA AUSTRALIA INFORMATION EXCHANGE (REAIE)
>ŽƌŝƐ DĂůĂŐƵǌǌŝ ;ϭϵϮϬͲϭϵϵϰͿ͕ ĂŶ /ƚĂůŝĂŶ ĞĚƵĐĂƚŽƌ ďŽƌŶ ŝŶ ‘A culture of childhood that spills beyond the supposed
ŽƌƌĞŐŐŝŽ͕ /ƚĂůǇ͕ ĨŽƵŶĚĞĚ ƚŚĞ ZĞŐŐŝŽ ŵŝůŝĂ ƉƉƌŽĂĐŚΠ͖ Ă ďŽƵŶĚĂƌŝĞƐ ŽĨ ĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ƐĐŚŽŽůƐ͕ Ă ĮŶĞ ĚƵƐƚ ƚŚĂƚ
ǁŽƌůĚͲƌĞŶŽǁŶĞĚĞĂƌůǇĐŚŝůĚŚŽŽĚĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĂůƐǇƐƚĞŵŶĂŵĞĚ encounters and alters other forms of learning and
ĂŌĞƌƚŚĞƚŽǁŶŝŶǁŚŝĐŚŝƚǁĂƐďŽƌŶ͘ŌĞƌĐĂƚĐŚŝŶŐƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚ͛Ɛ ĐƵůƚƵƌĞ͘>ĂŶŐƵĂŐĞƐǁĞĂǀŝŶŐƚŽŐĞƚŚĞƌ͕ǁŝƚŚƚŚĞĐŽƵƌĂŐĞ
ĂƩĞŶƟŽŶ ǁŚĞŶ Ă ϭϵϵϭ EĞǁƐǁĞĞŬ ĂƌƟĐůĞ ĨĞĂƚƵƌĞĚ ZĞŐŐŝŽ ƚŽŝŶŇƵĞŶĐĞƚŚĞŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞŽĨƚŚĞĨƵƚƵƌĞ͕ƚŚĂƚďĞĐŽŵĞƐ
ŵŝůŝĂ͛Ɛ ŝĂŶĂ WƌĞƐĐŚŽŽů ĂƐ ŽŶĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƚĞŶ ďĞƐƚ ƐĐŚŽŽůƐ ŝŶ the quality of life for children and for all people. Through
ƚŚĞ ǁŽƌůĚ͕ ƚŚĞ ZĞŐŐŝŽ ŵŝůŝĂ ƉƉƌŽĂĐŚ ŚĂƐ ƐŝŶĐĞ ŐĂƚŚĞƌĞĚ ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͕ ǁĞ ƌĞͲƌĞĂĚ ƚŚĞ E ŽĨ ƐŽĐŝĞƚǇ͛ ;ZŝŶĂůĚŝ͕ ŝŶ
ĂƩĞŶƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ŵŽŵĞŶƚƵŵ ĂƌŽƵŶĚ ƚŚĞ ŐůŽďĞ͘ dŚŝƐ ƐǇƐƚĞŵ ŽĨ ZĞŐŐŝŽŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͕ϮϬϭϮ͕ƉϭϬϵͿ͘
ĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĨŽĐƵƐĞƐŝƚƐĞůĨŽŶƚŚĞĐŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƟŽŶŽĨĂŶĞǁ͚ĐƵůƚƵƌĞ
ŽĨĐŚŝůĚŚŽŽĚ͕͛ŚĂǀŝŶŐŐƌŽǁŶĨƌŽŵŚƵŵďůĞďĞŐŝŶŶŝŶŐƐŝŶƉŽƐƚͲ DĂůĂŐƵǌǌŝ͛Ɛ ƚŚŝŶŬŝŶŐ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ƚŚĞ ZĞŐŐŝŽ ŵŝůŝĂ ƉƉƌŽĂĐŚ
tt// /ƚĂůǇ͕ ĂŶĚ ŶŽǁ ĂƩƌĂĐƚƐ ƚŚŽƵƐĂŶĚƐ ŽĨ ŝŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂů ƉŽƐŝƟŽŶƐůŝƐƚĞŶŝŶŐ͕ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ͕ƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƟŽŶand ĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ
ĞĚƵĐĂƚŽƌƐƚŽƐƚƵĚǇƚŽƵƌƐĂŶĚĐŽŶĨĞƌĞŶĐĞƐĞĂĐŚǇĞĂƌ͘DĂůĂŐƵǌǌŝ ĂƐĐĞŶƚƌĂůƚŽŽůƐŝŶƚŚĞĞĚƵĐĂƚŽƌƐ͛ƌĞƉĞƌƚŽŝƌĞ͘ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐǇĨŽƌƌĞͲ
ĚĞĚŝĐĂƚĞĚ ŚŝƐ ůŝĨĞ ƚŽ ĂĚǀŽĐĂƟŶŐ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂůƐ ŽĨ Ăůů ĐŽŐŶŝƟŽŶĂŶĚƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶ͕ƚŚĞƉƵƌƉŽƐĞŽĨĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶŝƐƚŽ
ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͕ŚŽŶŽƵƌŝŶŐƚŚĞŵĂƐcompetent and capable learners ͚ŬĞĞƉƚƌĂĐĞƐ͛ŽĨĞǆƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞƐǁŚŝůƐƚƉƌŽƉŽƐŝŶŐŶĞǁƉŽƐƐŝďŝůŝƟĞƐ
ǁŝƚŚƌŝŐŚƚƐĨƌŽŵďŝƌƚŚ͕ĂŶĚĂƐĂĐƟǀĞĐŝƟǌĞŶƐŽĨĂĚĞŵŽĐƌĂĐǇĂƚ ƚŽůĂƵŶĐŚĨŽƌǁĂƌĚͲƌĂƚŚĞƌƚŚĂŶƌĞĐŽƌĚŝŶŐĂƐĞƌŝĞƐŽĨĞǀĞŶƚƐŽƌ
ĂůůƉŽŝŶƚƐŝŶƚŚĞŝƌĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ͘ ĂĐƟŽŶƐƚŚĂƚŚĂƐƚĂŬĞŶƉůĂĐĞ͕ĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞĚďǇĮŶŝƚĞĚĞƐĐƌŝƉƟŽŶƐ
ŽƌŽƵƚĐŽŵĞƐ͘,ĞĂůƐŽĞŵƉŚĂƐŝƐĞĚƚŚĞŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶĐĞŽĨƉƌŽǀŝĚŝŶŐ
͚KŶĞŽĨƚŚĞƐƚƌŽŶŐƉŽŝŶƚƐŚĂƐĂůǁĂǇƐďĞĞŶƚŚĂƚŽĨƐƚĂƌƟŶŐ ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ ǁŝƚŚ ĞŶƌŝĐŚŝŶŐ environments; places that are seen
ĨƌŽŵĂǀĞƌǇŽƉĞŶ͕ĞǆƉůŝĐŝƚĚĞĐůĂƌĂƟŽŶŽĨŽƵƌŝŵĂŐĞŽĨ ĂƐĞĚƵĐĂƟŶŐĂŐĞŶƚƐƚŚĂƚƐƟƌĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͛ƐĞŶŐĂŐĞŵĞŶƚƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ
ƚŚĞ ĐŚŝůĚ͕ ǁŚĞƌĞ ŝŵĂŐĞ ŝƐ ƵŶĚĞƌƐƚŽŽĚ ĂƐ Ă ƐƚƌŽŶŐ ĂŶĚ their ĂĞƐƚŚĞƟĐǀŝďƌĂƟŽŶƐ;sĞĐĐŚŝ͕ϮϬϭϬͿ͘dĞĂĐŚŝŶŐŝŶƚŚŝƐǁĂǇ
ŽƉƟŵŝƐƟĐ ŝŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ĐŚŝůĚ͘ ĐŚŝůĚ ďŽƌŶ ŚŽŶŽƵƌƐ ƚŚĞ ƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶĐĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ĐŽŶƚĞǆƚ ŝŶ ǁŚŝĐŚ ůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ
ǁŝƚŚŵĂŶǇƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĂŶĚĞǆƚƌĂŽƌĚŝŶĂƌǇƉŽƚĞŶƟĂůƐƚŚĂƚ occurs through a process of research ƚŚĂƚ ĞǆŝƐƚƐ͕ ĂŶĚ ŝƐ ĐŽͲ
ŚĂǀĞ ŶĞǀĞƌ ĐĞĂƐĞĚ ƚŽ ĂŵĂǌĞ ƵƐ͕ ǁŝƚŚ ĂŶ ĂƵƚŽŶŽŵŽƵƐ ĐŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƚĞĚ͕ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƌĞůĂƟŽŶĂů ƐƉĂĐĞƐ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶ ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ ĂŶĚ
ĐĂƉĂĐŝƚǇĨŽƌĐŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƟŶŐƚŚŽƵŐŚƚƐ͕ŝĚĞĂƐĂŶĚƋƵĞƐƟŽŶƐ͛ ƚŚĞŝƌƚĞĂĐŚĞƌƐ͘
;>ŽƌŝƐDĂůĂŐƵǌǌŝ͕ϭϵϵϯ͕ŝŶZĞŐŐŝŽŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͕ϮϬϭϮ͕ƉϭϬϵͿ͘
͚dŚĞ ĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚ ŝƐ ĂŶ ĞůĞŵĞŶƚ ;ƚŚĂƚͿ ǁĞ ƉĞƌĐĞŝǀĞ
ZĂƚŚĞƌ ƚŚĂŶ ĂŶ ŽǀĞƌŶŝŐŚƚ ƐĞŶƐĂƟŽŶ͕ Žƌ Ă ƉƌŽŐƌĂŵŵĂƟĐ ƐƚƌŽŶŐůǇĂŶĚŝƚĞǆƉƌĞƐƐĞƐŝĚĞĂƐ͕ŶŽƚŽŶůǇĂďŽƵƚƐƉĂĐĞ͕
approach to be transplanted and applied from one context to ďƵƚ ĂďŽƵƚ ŝƚƐ ŝŶŚĂďŝƚĂŶƚƐ͕ ƚŚĞŝƌ ƉŽƐƐŝďůĞ ƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐ
ĂŶŽƚŚĞƌ͕ƚŚĞZĞŐŐŝŽŵŝůŝĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚŚĂƐďĞĞŶĚĞǀĞůŽƉŝŶŐĂŶĚ with the environment and with each other. Built
ĐŚĂŶŐŝŶŐĨŽƌŽǀĞƌϲϬǇĞĂƌƐƚŚƌŽƵŐŚĂĐŽŶƐƚĂŶƚĐǇĐůĞŽĨƌŝŐŽƌŽƵƐ ĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚƐ ĂƌĞ ĂůǁĂǇƐ ǁŝŶĚŽǁƐ ĨŽƌ ŝĚĞĂƐ͛ ;sĞĐĐŚŝ͕
ƉƌŽĨĞƐƐŝŽŶĂů ƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ƉĞĚĂŐŽŐŝĐĂů ĂĐƟŽŶ͘ ^ƚĞĞƉĞĚ ŝŶ ϮϬϭϬ͕ƉϴϮͿ͘
ǀĂůƵĞƐƚŚĂƚĐŽŶŶĞĐƚĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͕ĐƵůƚƵƌĞ͕ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚǇĂŶĚĐŽŶƚĞǆƚ
through democracy and ĐŽůůĂďŽƌĂƟŽŶ͕ ƚŚĞ ZĞŐŐŝŽ ŵŝůŝĂ ĞŶƚƌĂůƚŽDĂůĂŐƵǌǌŝ͛ƐǀŝƐŝŽŶǁĂƐƚŚĞƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĐŝŶĐůƵƐŝŽŶŽĨƚŚĞ
ƉƉƌŽĂĐŚŝƐŝŶƚĞƌǁŽǀĞŶǁŝƚŚĂĚĞĞƉĞƚŚŝĐŽĨĐĂƌĞĨƵůlistening ƌŽůĞƐ ŽĨ ƉĞĚĂŐŽŐŝƐƚĂ ;ƚĞĂĐŚĞƌ ǁŚŽ ŝƐ ĐĂƉĂďůĞ ŽĨ ŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƟŶŐ
and ƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉƐ that challenges many of the dominant ƚŚĞŽƌǇ ĂŶĚ ƉƌĂĐƟĐĞ ƚŽ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ ƚŚĞ ƉĞĚĂŐŽŐŝĐĂů ǁŽƌŬ ŽĨ
ĚŝƐĐŽƵƌƐĞƐŽŌĞŶƉƌĞƐĞŶƚŝŶĐŽŶƚĞŵƉŽƌĂƌǇĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶƉƌĂĐƟĐĞ͘ ƚĞĂĐŚĞƌƐ ĂŶĚ ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶͿ ĂŶĚ ĂƚĞůŝĞƌŝƐƚĂ ;ƉƌŽĨĞƐƐŝŽŶĂůƐ ǁŝƚŚ
dŚƌŽƵŐŚ Ă ƐĞƚ ŽĨ ŬĞǇ ƉƌŝŶĐŝƉůĞƐ͕ ƚŚĞ ZĞŐŐŝŽ ƉƉƌŽĂĐŚ ĂůƐŽ ĂŶ ĂƌƟƐƟĐ ďĂĐŬŐƌŽƵŶĚ ƚŚĂƚ ĐŽůůĂďŽƌĂƚĞ ǁŝƚŚ ƚĞĂĐŚĞƌƐ ĂŶĚ
ŽīĞƌƐ ŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚ ƉƌŽǀŽĐĂƟŽŶƐ ĨŽƌ ƵƐƚƌĂůŝĂŶ ĞĚƵĐĂƚŽƌƐ ƚŽ ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶͿĂƐŝŶƚĞŐƌĂůŵĞŵďĞƌƐŽĨƚŚĞWƌĞͲ^ĐŚŽŽůƐĂŶĚ/ŶĨĂŶƚ
ĐŽŶƚĞŵƉůĂƚĞ ƚŚĞ ĐƵůƚƵƌĞ ŽĨ ĐŚŝůĚŚŽŽĚ ĂŶĚ ŝƚƐ ƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉ dŽĚĚůĞƌ ĞŶƚƌĞ ƚĞĂŵƐ͕ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƟŶŐ ĐŽůůĂďŽƌĂƟǀĞ ŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞͲ
ǁŝƚŚƐŽĐŝĞƚǇƚŚĂƚǁĞďƵŝůĚĞǀĞƌǇĚĂǇǁŚĞŶǁŽƌŬŝŶŐĂůŽŶŐƐŝĚĞ building through the hundred languages͘
ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͕ĨĂŵŝůŝĞƐ͕ĐŽůůĞĂŐƵĞƐĂŶĚĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƟĞƐ͘
21
ZĞĐŽŐŶŝƐŝŶŐƚŚĞƉŝǀŽƚĂůŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶĐĞŽĨƐǇƐƚĞŵͲǁŝĚĞŽƌŐĂŶŝƐĂƟŽŶ͕
DĂůĂŐƵǌǌŝƵŶĚĞƌƐƚŽŽĚƚŚĂƚũƵƐƚĂƐĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͛ƐůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐƉƌŽĐĞƐƐĞƐ
ĂƌĞƌĞĐŽŐŶŝƐĞĚĂƐĐŽŵƉůĞǆ͕ĞǀŽůǀŝŶŐĂŶĚŝŶƚĞƌƚǁŝŶĞĚ͕ƚĞĂĐŚĞƌ͛Ɛ
ǁŽƌŬŝŶŐ ƉƌŽĐĞƐƐĞƐ ƐŚŽƵůĚ ďĞ ĞƋƵĂůůǇ ƌŝŐŽƌŽƵƐ ĂŶĚ ŝŶƚƌŝĐĂƚĞůǇ
ŽƌŐĂŶŝƐĞĚƚŽƐƵƉƉŽƌƚƚŚĞŵĂŶǇĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĞƐƚŚĂƚĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ
ƵƐĞ ĂƐ ƚŚĞǇ ĞǆƉƌĞƐƐ ƚŚĞŵƐĞůǀĞƐ͕ ĐŽŶĨƌŽŶƚ ĐŚĂůůĞŶŐŝŶŐ ŝĚĞĂƐ
ƚŽŐĞƚŚĞƌ ĂŶĚ ĐŽͲĐŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƚ ŶĞǁ ƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ǁŽƌůĚ
ĂƌŽƵŶĚ ƚŚĞŵ͘ /Ŷ ƚŚŝƐ ǁĂǇ͕ ƚŚĞ ŚƵŶĚƌĞĚ ůĂŶŐƵĂŐĞƐ ĂĐƚƐ ĂƐ Ă
ŵĞƚĂƉŚŽƌĨŽƌŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐʹĞǆƉůŽƌŝŶŐƚŚĞĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŽŶƐ
ĂŶĚŝŶƚĞƌĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŽŶƐďĞƚǁĞĞŶŝĚĞĂƐ͕ƉŚĞŶŽŵĞŶĂĂŶĚĐƌĞĂƟǀĞ
ůĂŶŐƵĂŐĞƐ͕ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶ ƚŚĞ ŝŶĚŝǀŝĚƵĂůƐ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ ŐƌŽƵƉ͕ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶ
ĨĂŶƚĂƐǇĂŶĚƌĞĂůŝƚǇ͕ďĞƚǁĞĞŶƚŚĞďŽĚǇĂŶĚƚŚĞŵŝŶĚ͘/ŶĚĞĚŝĐĂƚĞĚ
ƐƉĂĐĞƐ͕ ĐĂůůĞĚ ĂƚĞůŝĞƌƐ͕ ĐƌĞĂƟǀĞ ĂŶĚ ĂƌƟƐƟĐ ƚĞĐŚŶŝƋƵĞƐ ĐĂŶ
͚ďĞĐŽŵĞůĂŶŐƵĂŐĞƐǁŚŝĐŚĐŚĂŶŐĞƚŚĞĐŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƟŽŶŽĨůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ͕
ƌĞƋƵŝƌŝŶŐǀŝƚĂůŝƚǇĂŶĚĂĐĂƉĂĐŝƚǇĨŽƌƌĞůĂƟŽŶĂůŐƌŽǁƚŚǁŚŝĐŚ;ŝŶ
ƚƵƌŶͿĐĂŶŐŽŽŶƚŽůŝŐŚƚƵƉŶĞǁŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƚƐ͛;sĞĐĐŚŝ͕ϮϬϭϬ͕Ɖ͘ϯϴͿ͘
DĂůĂŐƵǌǌŝ͛ƐǁŽƌŬŚĂƐŚĂĚĂƉƌŽĨŽƵŶĚŝŵƉĂĐƚŽŶĞĂƌůǇĐŚŝůĚŚŽŽĚ
ĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶǁŽƌůĚǁŝĚĞ͖ŝƚŚĂƐŝŶƐƉŝƌĞĚĞĚƵĐĂƚŽƌƐĂŶĚƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞƌƐ
ĂƌŽƵŶĚƚŚĞŐůŽďĞƚŽƌĞͲƚŚŝŶŬƚŚĞŝƌƉƌĂĐƟĐĞƐŝŶƐƵƐƚĂŝŶĞĚĐǇĐůĞƐŽĨ
ĐŽŶƚĞŵƉůĂƟŽŶ͕ĚŝĂůŽŐƵĞĂŶĚĂĐƟŽŶ͘dŚĞZĞŐŐŝŽŵŝůŝĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚ
ŝƐŶŽƚĂŵŽĚĞůŽƌƌĞĐŝƉĞƚŽďĞĨŽůůŽǁĞĚ͕ďƵƚĂƉƌŽǀŽĐĂƟŽŶƚŚĂƚ
ŽīĞƌƐŽƉƉŽƌƚƵŶŝƟĞƐƚŽƌĞŇĞĐƚŽŶŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚƋƵĞƐƟŽŶƐ͕ƐƵĐŚĂƐ
͞ǁŚĂƚŝƐŽƵƌŝŵĂŐĞŽĨƚŚĞĐŚŝůĚ͍͟ĂŶĚ͞ǁŚĂƚŝƐĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĨŽƌ͍͟
ĂĐŚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƉƌŝŶĐŝƉůĞƐ ƐŚŽƵůĚ ďĞ ĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĞĚ ĂƐ ŝŶǀŝƚĂƟŽŶƐ ĨŽƌ
ƵƐƚƌĂůŝĂŶ ĞĚƵĐĂƚŽƌƐ ƚŽ ƌĞͲĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌ ƉƌĂĐƟĐĞ ĂŶĚ ƉĞĚĂŐŽŐǇ͕
ƌĞŇĞĐƟŶŐŽŶǁŚĂƚĞĂĐŚŽĨƚŚĞƐĞďŝŐŝĚĞĂƐŵĞĂŶƐƚŽƵƐ͘
‘The culture of our teachers is not only knowledge and

ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ͕ ;͙Ϳ ŝƚ ŝƐ ĂůƐŽ ĞǆƉƌĞƐƐĞĚ ŝŶ Ă ƐƚǇůĞ͕ ĂŶ ĂƫƚƵĚĞ
ƚŽǁĂƌĚƐŝŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶĐĞ͕ŝŵĂŐŝŶĂƟŽŶĂŶĚĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͛ƐŶĞĞĚĨŽƌ
ĂīĞĐƟŽŶĂŶĚƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇ͘/ďĞůŝĞǀĞƚŚŝƐŝƐĂƐŽƌƚŽĨƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞ
ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ƚĞĂĐŚĞƌƐ͕ Ă ĐĂƉĂĐŝƚǇ ĨŽƌ ďĞĐŽŵŝŶŐ ƉĂƐƐŝŽŶĂƚĞ
ĂďŽƵƚƚŚĞǁŽƌŬƚŚĂƚƚŚĞǇĚŽ͛;>ŽƌŝƐDĂůĂŐƵǌǌŝ͕ϭϵϵϯͿ͘
DĂůĂŐƵǌǌŝ͛ƐĐŽŵŵŝƚŵĞŶƚƚŽƉƌŽŵŽƟŶŐƚŚĞƌŝŐŚƚƐĂŶĚƉŽƚĞŶƟĂů
of children ĐŽŶƟŶƵĞƐ ƚŽ ŝŶŇƵĞŶĐĞ ĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĂů ƉƌĂĐƟĐĞƐ
ĂŶĚ ĂĚǀŽĐĂƚĞƐ ĨŽƌ ďŽůĚ Ă ŶĞǁ ĨƵƚƵƌĞ ĨŽƌ ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞŝƌ
ĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ͘,ŝƐůĞŐĂĐǇƐĞƌǀĞƐĂƐĂƌĞŵŝŶĚĞƌŽĨƚŚĞŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶĐĞŽĨ
ĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƟĞƐĨŽƌůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐƚŚĂƚƐĞĞĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͕ĞĚƵĐĂƚŽƌƐ͕
ĨĂŵŝůŝĞƐ͕ĐŽŶƚĞǆƚƐĂŶĚĐƵůƚƵƌĞƐƚŚƌŽƵŐŚĨƌĞƐŚĞǇĞƐ͖ǁŚĞƌĞ͚ƚŚĞ
ǁŽƌůĚ͕ĂƐǇŽƵĐĂŶƐĞĞ͕ŝƐĂůǁĂǇƐĂŶĞǀĞƌͲĮŶŝƐŚĞĚƐŬĞƚĐŚ͘ůǁĂǇƐ
ƵŶĂƐŚĂŵĞĚůǇĂŶĚŵŝƌĂĐƵůŽƵƐůǇĨƌĞƐŚ͛;>ŽƌŝƐDĂůĂŐƵǌǌŝ͕ϭϵϵϭ͕ŝŶ
ZĞŐŐŝŽŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͕ϮϬϭϮ͕ƉϮϰϮͿ͘
REFERENCES
sĞĐĐŚŝ͕ s͘ ;ϮϬϭϬͿ͘ ƌƚ ĂŶĚ ĐƌĞĂƟǀŝƚǇ ŝŶ ZĞŐŐŝŽ ŵŝůŝĂ͗ ǆƉůŽƌŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ƌŽůĞ ĂŶĚ
ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂůŽĨĂƚĞůŝĞƌƐŝŶĞĂƌůǇĐŚŝůĚŚŽŽĚĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ͘ZŽƵƚůĞĚŐĞ͘
ZĞŐŐŝŽŚŝůĚƌĞŶ;ϮϬϭϮͿ͘KŶĞĐŝƚǇ͕ŵĂŶǇĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͗ZĞŐŐŝŽŵŝůŝĂ͕ĂŚŝƐƚŽƌǇŽĨƚŚĞ
ƉƌĞƐĞŶƚ͘
ZĞŐŐŝŽŵŝůŝĂƵƐƚƌĂůŝĂ/ŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶǆĐŚĂŶŐĞ;Z/Ϳ
ŝƐĂŶŽƚͲĨŽƌͲƉƌŽĮƚŵĞŵďĞƌƐŚŝƉŽƌŐĂŶŝƐĂƟŽŶĂŶĚĂŶ
ŝŶǀŝƚĞĚŵĞŵďĞƌŽĨƚŚĞZĞŐŐŝŽŚŝůĚƌĞŶ/ŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂů
EĞƚǁŽƌŬ͘Z/ĚƌĂǁƐŽŶƚŚĞĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĂůƉƌŽũĞĐƚŽĨ
ZĞŐŐŝŽŵŝůŝĂĂƐƚŚĞŽŶŐŽŝŶŐĐĂƚĂůǇƐƚĨŽƌƚŚŝŶŬŝŶŐ͕
ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĂŶĚĂĚǀŽĐĂĐǇŝŶƵƐƚƌĂůŝĂŶĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĂů
ƐĞƫŶŐƐ͘tĞĂŝŵƚŽƉƌŽŵŽƚĞĂŐƌĞĂƚĞƌƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ
of both the complexity and importance of listening in
ĐƌĞĂƟŶŐƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉƐďŽƚŚǁŝƚŚŝŶĂŶĚďĞƚǁĞĞŶŐƌŽƵƉƐ
ŽĨĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͕ĞĚƵĐĂƚŽƌƐ͕ĨĂŵŝůŝĞƐĂŶĚƚŚĞĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚǇ͘
Z/ƉƌŽŵŽƚĞƐĂŶĚĂĚǀŽĐĂƚĞƐĨŽƌĂƐƚƌŽŶŐĂŶĚ
ƉŽƐŝƟǀĞŝŵĂŐĞŽĨĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶĂƐĐŝƟǌĞŶƐĂŶĚĂĐƟǀĞ
ƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂŶƚƐŝŶĚĞŵŽĐƌĂƟĐĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƟĞƐƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ
ƉƌŽŵŽƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞĐƌŝƟĐĂůƌŽůĞŽĨƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ͕ŽďƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ͕
ĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶĂŶĚŝŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚĂƟŽŶŽĨĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͛Ɛ
ƉƌŽĐĞƐƐĞƐŽĨĂĐƟŽŶĂŶĚƚŚŽƵŐŚƚ͘Z/ǁŽƌŬƐƚŽ
ƐƵƐƚĂŝŶĂŶĚƐƚƌĞŶŐƚŚĞŶŽƵƌƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉǁŝƚŚZĞŐŐŝŽ
ŵŝůŝĂƚŚƌŽƵŐŚZĞŐŐŝŽŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͕ĂŶĚǁĞĐŽŶƟŶƵĞƚŽ
ďĞƚŚĞŝƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůƌĞĨĞƌĞŶĐĞŽƌŐĂŶŝƐĂƟŽŶŝŶƵƐƚƌĂůŝĂ
ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞƉƌŽŵŽƟŽŶŽĨĚŝĂůŽŐƵĞ͕ƉƌŽĨĞƐƐŝŽŶĂů
ůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐĂŶĚƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚŽĨƚŚĞĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĂůƉƌŽũĞĐƚŽĨ
Reggio Emilia.
Z/ŵĞŵďĞƌƐďĞůŽŶŐƚŽĂŶĂƟŽŶĂůůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ
ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚǇƚŽƐŚĂƌĞŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶ͕ŝŶƐƉŝƌĂƟŽŶĂŶĚ
ĞǆƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞƐŝŶƌĞƐƉŽŶƐĞƚŽƚŚĞƉƌŽǀŽĐĂƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞ
ZĞŐŐŝŽŵŝůŝĂĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĂůƉƌŽũĞĐƚ͘
ĞŶĞĮƚƐŽĨŵĞŵďĞƌƐŚŝƉŝŶĐůƵĚĞ͗
• Priority access to Study Tours to Reggio Emilia
• The Challenge Journal
• Member rates for professional learning
• ͲŶĞǁƐůĞƩĞƌƐ
• Scholarships and Study grants
• Network support
TO BECOME A MEMBER OF REAIE, VISIT

HTTPS://REGGIOAUSTRALIA.ORG.AU/
23
THE ROLE OF LEADERSHIP IN SHAPING

PHILOSOPHY IN EARLY CHILDHOOD
EDUCATION SERVICES
COLIN SLATTERY
SEMANN & SLATTERY
>ĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉ͕ ŝŶ ĂŶǇ ƉƌŽĨĞƐƐŝŽŶ͕ ŚĂƐ ƚŚĞ ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂů ƚŽ ŝŵƉĂĐƚ DŽƌĞŽǀĞƌ͕ ůĞĂĚĞƌƐ ŝŶ ĐĂŶ ƐŚĂƉĞ ƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇ ďǇ ĚƌŝǀŝŶŐ
ŽƌŐĂŶŝƐĂƟŽŶĂůƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇĂŶĚĚŝƌĞĐƟŽŶƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚůǇ͕ĂŶĚĂƌůǇ ƉƌŽĨĞƐƐŝŽŶĂů ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ͘ Ǉ ƉƌŽǀŝĚŝŶŐ ŽƉƉŽƌƚƵŶŝƟĞƐ ĨŽƌ
ŚŝůĚŚŽŽĚ ĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ ;Ϳ ŝƐ ŶŽ ĞǆĐĞƉƟŽŶ͘ /Ŷ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ͕ ƐƚĂīƚŽĞŶŐĂŐĞŝŶŽŶŐŽŝŶŐůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐĂŶĚĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ͕ůĞĂĚĞƌƐ
leadership plays a crucial role in shaping the philosophy that ĐĂŶ ĞŶƐƵƌĞ ƚŚĂƚ ƚŚĞ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞ͛Ɛ ƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇ ŝƐ ƵŶĚĞƌƉŝŶŶĞĚ
ƵŶĚĞƌƉŝŶƐƚŚĞƉƌĂĐƟĐĞƐĂŶĚƉĞĚĂŐŽŐŝĞƐǁŝƚŚŝŶƚŚĞƐĞƫŶŐ͘ ďǇ ĐƵƌƌĞŶƚ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĂŶĚ ďĞƐƚ ƉƌĂĐƟĐĞƐ͘ dŚŝƐ ĐŽƵůĚ ŝŶǀŽůǀĞ
ĨĂĐŝůŝƚĂƟŶŐ ŝŶͲƐĞƌǀŝĐĞ ƚƌĂŝŶŝŶŐ͕ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƟŶŐ ƐƚĂī ƚŽ ĂƩĞŶĚ
dŽƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚŚŽǁůĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉƐŚĂƉĞƐƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇŝŶ͕ŝƚŝƐ ƌĞůĞǀĂŶƚ ĐŽŶĨĞƌĞŶĐĞƐ Žƌ ǁŽƌŬƐŚŽƉƐ͕ Žƌ ƉƌŽŵŽƟŶŐ ĂĐĐĞƐƐ ƚŽ
ĞƐƐĞŶƟĂůĮƌƐƚƚŽŐƌĂƐƉǁŚĂƚƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇŵĞĂŶƐŝŶƚŚŝƐĐŽŶƚĞǆƚ͘ ƉƌŽĨĞƐƐŝŽŶĂůůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐ͘
WŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇ ŝŶ ƌĞĨĞƌƐ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ĨƵŶĚĂŵĞŶƚĂů ďĞůŝĞĨƐ͕ ǀĂůƵĞƐ͕
ĂŶĚ ƉƌŝŶĐŝƉůĞƐ ƚŚĂƚ ŐƵŝĚĞ ƚŚĞ ĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ĐĂƌĞ ŽĨ ǇŽƵŶŐ >ĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉĂůƐŽƐŚĂƉĞƐƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇƚŚƌŽƵŐŚĞŶŐĂŐĞŵĞŶƚǁŝƚŚ
ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͘ /ƚ ƐŚĂƉĞƐ ƚŚĞ ƉŽůŝĐŝĞƐ͕ ƉƌŽĐĞĚƵƌĞƐ͕ ĂŶĚ ĞǀĞƌǇĚĂǇ ĨĂŵŝůŝĞƐĂŶĚƚŚĞǁŝĚĞƌĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚǇ͘>ĞĂĚĞƌƐŝŶƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐŽŌĞŶ
ƉƌĂĐƟĐĞƐ ǁŝƚŚŝŶ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ͕ ŝŶŇƵĞŶĐŝŶŐ ŚŽǁ ĞĚƵĐĂƚŽƌƐ ĂĐƚĂƐƚŚĞĨĂĐĞŽĨƚŚĞŽƌŐĂŶŝƐĂƟŽŶ͕ƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƟŶŐŝƚƐƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇ
ŝŶƚĞƌĂĐƚǁŝƚŚĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͕ĨĂŵŝůŝĞƐ͕ĂŶĚĞĂĐŚŽƚŚĞƌ͘ ƚŽ ĞǆƚĞƌŶĂů ƐƚĂŬĞŚŽůĚĞƌƐ͘ dŚŝƐ ŝŶǀŽůǀĞƐ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŶŐ ƚŚĞ
ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞ͛Ɛ ǀĂůƵĞƐ ĂŶĚ ďĞůŝĞĨƐ ƚŽ ĨĂŵŝůŝĞƐ͕ ĂĚǀŽĐĂƟŶŐ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ
>ĞĂĚĞƌƐ ŝŶ ͕ ǁŚĞƚŚĞƌ ƚŚĞǇ ďĞ ĚŝƌĞĐƚŽƌƐ͕ ĐŽŽƌĚŝŶĂƚŽƌƐ͕ ŶĞĞĚƐŽĨĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶǁŝƚŚŝŶƚŚĞďƌŽĂĚĞƌĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚǇ͕ĂŶĚďƵŝůĚŝŶŐ
Žƌ ƐĞŶŝŽƌ ĞĚƵĐĂƚŽƌƐ͕ ĂƌĞ ŝŶƐƚƌƵŵĞŶƚĂů ŝŶ ĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ƉĂƌƚŶĞƌƐŚŝƉƐƚŚĂƚƐƵƉƉŽƌƚƚŚĞƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇ͘
ƉƌŽŵŽƟŶŐƚŚŝƐƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇ͘dŚĞǇĐƌĞĂƚĞĂǀŝƐŝŽŶŐƌŽƵŶĚĞĚŝŶ
ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚͲďĂƐĞĚƉƌŝŶĐŝƉůĞƐŽĨĐŚŝůĚĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚĂŶĚůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ͘ >ĂƐƚůǇ͕ůĞĂĚĞƌƐƐŚĂƉĞƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇŝŶƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐďǇĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂŶ
dŚŝƐ ǀŝƐŝŽŶ ƐĞƌǀĞƐ ĂƐ ƚŚĞ ĨŽƵŶĚĂƟŽŶ ĨŽƌ ĂŶ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞ͛Ɛ ĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚƚŚĂƚƌĞŇĞĐƚƐƚŚĞƐĞƌǀŝĐĞ͛ƐǀĂůƵĞƐĂŶĚďĞůŝĞĨƐ͘dŚŝƐ
ƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇ͕ ĚƌŝǀŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ ŽĨ ĐƵƌƌŝĐƵůĂ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ ŝŶǀŽůǀĞƐ ĚĞĐŝƐŝŽŶƐ ĂďŽƵƚ ƚŚĞ ƉŚǇƐŝĐĂů ůĂǇŽƵƚ ĂŶĚ ƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐ
ƉƌŽǀŝƐŝŽŶŽĨƋƵĂůŝƚǇĐĂƌĞ͘ ǁŝƚŚŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞ ĂŶĚ ŚŽǁ ƐƉĂĐĞƐ ĂƌĞ ƵƐĞĚ ƚŽ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ
ůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐĂŶĚĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ͘ǇĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂŶĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚƚŚĂƚ
KŶĞ ǁĂǇ ůĞĂĚĞƌƐ ƐŚĂƉĞ ƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇ ŝƐ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ƉŽůŝĐǇ ƌĞŇĞĐƚƐ ƚŚĞ ƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇ͕ ůĞĂĚĞƌƐ ĐĂŶ ƌĞŝŶĨŽƌĐĞ ŝƚƐ ƉƌŝŶĐŝƉůĞƐ
ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ͘ WŽůŝĐŝĞƐ ŝŶ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ ŽŌĞŶ ĚŝƌĞĐƚůǇ ƌĞŇĞĐƚ ĂŶĚǀĂůƵĞƐĚĂŝůǇ͘
ƚŚĞ ƵŶĚĞƌůǇŝŶŐ ƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇ͕ ƐŚĂƉŝŶŐ ƉƌĂĐƟĐĞ ŝŶ ĂƌĞĂƐ ƐƵĐŚ
ĂƐ ĐƵƌƌŝĐƵůƵŵ ĚĞƐŝŐŶ͕ ĐŚŝůĚ ƐĂĨĞƚǇ͕ ƐƚĂī ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ͕ ĂŶĚ /Ŷ ĐŽŶĐůƵƐŝŽŶ͕ ůĞĂĚĞƌƐ ŝŶ ĂƌůǇ ŚŝůĚŚŽŽĚ ĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ ŚĂǀĞ Ă
ĨĂŵŝůǇ ĞŶŐĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ͘ >ĞĂĚĞƌƐ ĂƌĞ ƌĞƐƉŽŶƐŝďůĞ ĨŽƌ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŝŶŐ ƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚ ƌŽůĞ ŝŶ ƐŚĂƉŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇ ŽĨ ƚŚĞŝƌ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ͘
ƚŚĞƐĞ ƉŽůŝĐŝĞƐ͕ ĞŶƐƵƌŝŶŐ ƚŚĞǇ ĂůŝŐŶ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ ƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇ ĂŶĚ dŚƌŽƵŐŚ ƉŽůŝĐǇ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ͕ ƐƚĂī ŝŶƚĞƌĂĐƟŽŶƐ͕ ƉƌŽĨĞƐƐŝŽŶĂů
ƉƌŽŵŽƟŶŐƚŚĞŝƌĐŽŶƐŝƐƚĞŶƚĂƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶǁŝƚŚŝŶƚŚĞƐĞƌǀŝĐĞ͘ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ͕ĞŶŐĂŐĞŵĞŶƚǁŝƚŚĨĂŵŝůŝĞƐĂŶĚƚŚĞĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚǇ͕
ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ ĐƌĞĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ Ă ƐƵƉƉŽƌƟǀĞ ĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚ͕ ƚŚĞǇ ĐĂŶ
>ĞĂĚĞƌƐ ĂůƐŽ ƐŚĂƉĞ ƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ƚŚĞŝƌ ŝŶƚĞƌĂĐƟŽŶƐ ĞŶƐƵƌĞƚŚĂƚƚŚĞƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇŝƐŶŽƚũƵƐƚĂƐƚĂƚĞŵĞŶƚŽŶĂǁĂůů
ǁŝƚŚƐƚĂī͘ǇŵŽĚĞůůŝŶŐďĞŚĂǀŝŽƵƌƐĂŶĚĂƫƚƵĚĞƐƚŚĂƚƌĞŇĞĐƚ ďƵƚĂůŝǀŝŶŐ͕ďƌĞĂƚŚŝŶŐĞŶƟƚǇƚŚĂƚŐƵŝĚĞƐĞǀĞƌǇĂƐƉĞĐƚŽĨƚŚĞ
ƚŚĞƐĞƌǀŝĐĞ͛ƐƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇ͕ůĞĂĚĞƌƐĐĂŶƉƌŽŵŽƚĞĂĐƵůƚƵƌĞƚŚĂƚ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞ͘ īĞĐƟǀĞ ůĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉ ŝƐ ĐƌŝƟĐĂů ƚŽ ĞŶƐƵƌŝŶŐ Ă ƌŽďƵƐƚ͕
ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚƐĂŶĚĞǆƚĞŶĚƐƚŚŝƐƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇ͘dŚŝƐŝŶĐůƵĚĞƐĨŽƐƚĞƌŝŶŐ ĐŽŚĞƌĞŶƚ͕ĂŶĚŝŵƉĂĐƞƵůƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇŝŶƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ͘
ŽƉĞŶ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶ͕ ƉƌŽŵŽƟŶŐ ĐŽŶƟŶƵŽƵƐ ůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ͕
ĞŶĐŽƵƌĂŐŝŶŐ ƌĞŇĞĐƟǀĞ ƉƌĂĐƟĐĞ͕ ĂŶĚ ĚĞŵŽŶƐƚƌĂƟŶŐ ƌĞƐƉĞĐƚ dŚĞ ŝŵƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶƐ ŽĨ ƚŚŝƐ ĂƌĞ ƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚ͘ tŝƚŚ ĞīĞĐƟǀĞ
ĨŽƌĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ͘ ůĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉ͕ĂŶƐĞƌǀŝĐĞ͛ƐƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇĐĂŶďĞĐŽŵĞĂƉŽǁĞƌĨƵů
ƚŽŽů ĨŽƌ ƉƌŽŵŽƟŶŐ ƋƵĂůŝƚǇ ĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ĐĂƌĞ͘ /ƚ ĐĂŶ ŐƵŝĚĞ
Philosophy can be a powerful tool...It ƉƌĂĐƟĐĞ͕ŝŶƐƉŝƌĞƐƚĂī͕ĞŶŐĂŐĞĨĂŵŝůŝĞƐ͘hůƟŵĂƚĞůǇƐƵƉƉŽƌƟŶŐ
ƚŚĞůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐĂŶĚĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚŽĨǇŽƵŶŐĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͘dŚĞƌĞĨŽƌĞ͕
FDQJXLGHSUDFWLFHLQVSLUHVWDƩHQJDJH ĂƐǁĞƌĞŇĞĐƚŽŶƚŚĞŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶĐĞŽĨƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇŝŶƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ͕
families... ǁĞŵƵƐƚĂůƐŽƌĞĐŽŐŶŝƐĞƚŚĞǀŝƚĂůƌŽůĞŽĨůĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉŝŶƐŚĂƉŝŶŐ
ĂŶĚƉƌŽŵŽƟŶŐƚŚŝƐƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇ͘
24
WHAT WE SEE DEPENDS ON

WHAT WE LOOK FOR
THE IMPORTANCE OF CONSIDERING MULTIPLE THEORETICAL
PERSPECTIVES IN OUR WORK WITH YOUNG CHILDREN
KAREN HOPE
EARLY CHILDHOOD CONSULTANT
There is an ancient Buddhist parable about three blind men ƋƵŽƚĞ͕ŽŌĞŶĂƩƌŝďƵƚĞĚƚŽƌŝƐƚŽƚůĞ͕ŐŽĞƐ͕͚/ƚŝƐƚŚĞŵĂƌŬŽĨ

ǁŚŽ ŚĂǀŝŶŐ ŶŽ ƉƌĞǀŝŽƵƐ ŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞ ŽĨ ĂŶ ĞůĞƉŚĂŶƚ͕ ƚƌǇ ƚŽ ĂŶĞĚƵĐĂƚĞĚŵŝŶĚƚŽďĞĂďůĞƚŽĞŶƚĞƌƚĂŝŶĂƚŚŽƵŐŚƚǁŝƚŚŽƵƚ
ŝŵĂŐŝŶĞ ǁŚĂƚ ĂŶ ĞůĞƉŚĂŶƚ ŝƐ ůŝŬĞ ďǇ ƚŽƵĐŚŝŶŐ ŽŶĞ͘ ĂĐŚ ŽĨ ĂĐĐĞƉƟŶŐŝƚ͛͘tŚĂƚ/ƚĂŬĞĨƌŽŵƚŚŝƐŝƐƚŚĂƚďĞŝŶŐĂďůĞƚŽŚĞĂƌ͕
ƚŚĞŵĞŶƚŽƵĐŚĞƐĂĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚƉĂƌƚŽĨƚŚĞĞůĞƉŚĂŶƚ͛ƐďŽĚǇ͕ĂŶĚ ůŽŽŬ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌ ĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚ ŝĚĞĂƐ Žƌ ƉĞƌƐƉĞĐƟǀĞƐ ǁŝƚŚŽƵƚ
ƚŚĞŶďĂƐĞĚŽŶƚŚĞƐĞůŝŵŝƚĞĚŝŶƚĞƌĂĐƟŽŶƐ͕ƚŚĞǇƚŚĞŶĚĞƐĐƌŝďĞ ŶĞĐĞƐƐĂƌŝůǇďĞůŝĞǀŝŶŐƚŚĞŵŽƌĂĚŽƉƟŶŐƚŚĞŵŝƐŶĞĐĞƐƐĂƌǇĨŽƌ
ƚŽĞĂĐŚŽƚŚĞƌǁŚĂƚƚŚĞĞůĞƉŚĂŶƚŵŝŐŚƚůŽŽŬůŝŬĞ͘ƐĞǆƉĞĐƚĞĚ͕ ŽƵƌŽŶŐŽŝŶŐŐƌŽǁƚŚĂŶĚĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ͘tĞŚĂǀĞĂůŽƚƚŽŐĂŝŶ
ƚŚĞŝƌ ĚĞƐĐƌŝƉƟŽŶƐ ǁĞƌĞ ǀĂƐƚůǇ ĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚ ĨƌŽŵ ŽŶĞ ĂŶŽƚŚĞƌ͕ ĨƌŽŵůŝƐƚĞŶŝŶŐƚŽƚŚĞŝĚĞĂƐŽĨŽƚŚĞƌƐĂŶĚĚƌĂǁŝŶŐŽŶĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚ
ďƵƚďĞĐĂƵƐĞĞĂĐŚŵĂŶŝƐĐŽŶǀŝŶĐĞĚŽĨŚŝƐŽǁŶĐůĂŝŵƚŽƚŚĞ ĚŝƐĐŝƉůŝŶĞƐĂŶĚĂůƚĞƌŶĂƚĞƐƚŽƌŝĞƐ͘
͚ƚƌƵƚŚ͛ ĂŶĚ ĐŽƵůĚ ŶŽƚ ĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌ ƚŚĞ ŝĚĞĂƐ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ŽƚŚĞƌ͕ ƚŚĞ
ƚŚƌĞĞƉƌŽƚĂŐŽŶŝƐƚƐŝŶƚŚŝƐƚĂůĞǁĞƌĞŶŽƚĂďůĞƚŽ͚ƐĞĞ͛ƚŚĞǁŚŽůĞ /ƚŵĂǇďĞƚƌƵĞƚŚĂƚƚŚĞĮƌƐƚƚŚĞŽƌǇǁĞĨĞĞůĂƉƌŽĨĞƐƐŝŽŶĂů͚Įƚ͛
ĞůĞƉŚĂŶƚĂŶĚŝƚĂůůĞŶĚĞĚŝŶƚĞĂƌƐ͘ ǁŝƚŚŝƐƚŚĞŽŶĞƚŚĂƚǁĞƐƟĐŬǁŝƚŚ͘dŚŝƐǁĂƐĐĞƌƚĂŝŶůǇƚƌƵĞĨŽƌ
ŵĞǁŚĞŶĂƐĂǇŽƵŶŐĞĚƵĐĂƚŽƌ͕/ĚŝƐĐŽǀĞƌĞĚWŝĂŐĞƟĂŶdŚĞŽƌǇ͘
dŚĞ ŵŽƌĂů ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƚĂůĞ ŝƐ ƚŚĂƚ ŚƵŵĂŶƐ ƚĞŶĚ ƚŽ ĚƌĂǁ ŽŶ ƚŚĞŝƌ WŝĂŐĞƚ ĂŶĚ ŚŝƐ ƐƚĂŐĞƐ ƚŚĂƚ ĚĞƐĐƌŝďĞĚ ƚŚĞ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚĂů
ŽǁŶ ƐƵďũĞĐƟǀĞ ĞǆƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞƐ ĂŶĚ ĐĂŶ ŽŌĞŶ ŝŐŶŽƌĞ ƚŚĞ ǀŝĞǁƐ ƉƌŽĐĞƐƐŵĂĚĞĂůŽƚŽĨƐĞŶƐĞƚŽŵĞ͘,ŝƐƚŚĞŽƌǇƚŚĂƚĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ
ĂŶĚŝĚĞĂƐŽĨŽƚŚĞƌƐǁŚŝĐŚĐĂŶĂůůĞƋƵĂůůǇďĞǀĂůŝĚ͘ ŶĞĞĚĞĚ ƚŽ ĞǆƉůŽƌĞ͕ ŝŶƚĞƌĂĐƚ ĂŶĚ ĞǆƉĞƌŝŵĞŶƚ ƚŽ ĨƵƌƚŚĞƌ
ƚŚĞŝƌ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĂƚ ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ ĂĐƟǀĞůǇ ďƵŝůĚ ŽŶ ƚŚĞŝƌ
>ŽƌŝƐ DĂůĂŐƵǌǌŝ͕ ĨŽƵŶĚĞƌ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĂů ƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇ ŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞŽĨƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚǁĂƐĂƚŚĞŽƌǇ/ĐŽƵůĚƐĞĞĚĂŝůǇŝŶŵǇ
ŬŶŽǁŶĂƐƚŚĞZĞŐŐŝŽŵŝůŝĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚ͕ŚĂƐĚĞƐĐƌŝďĞĚƚĞĂĐŚŝŶŐ ǁŽƌŬ ǁŝƚŚ ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͘ ŚŝůĚƌĞŶ ĚŝĚ ĚŽ ƚŚŝŶŐƐ Ăƚ ĐĞƌƚĂŝŶ ƐƚĂŐĞƐ
ĂƐĂƉƌŽĨĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƚǇ͘,ŽǁĞǀĞƌ͕ŚĞƌĞŵŝŶĚƐƵƐƚŚĂƚŝƚ ĂŶĚĂŐĞƐ͘dŚĞǇƐƟůůĚŽ͘
ĚŽĞƐŚĂǀĞŝƚƐĂŶĐŚŽƌƉŽŝŶƚƐ͕ŽŶĞŽĨǁŚŝĐŚŝƐƚŚĞƚŚĞŽƌŝĞƐƚŚĂƚ
ŝŶĨŽƌŵŽƵƌǁŽƌŬǁŝƚŚǇŽƵŶŐĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͘tŝƚŚŝŶƚŚĞƉƌŽĨĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨ DĂůĂŐƵǌǌŝ ƐƵŐŐĞƐƚĞĚ ƚŚĂƚ ǁŚĞƚŚĞƌ ǇŽƵ ƌĞĐŽŐŶŝƐĞ ŝƚ Žƌ ŶŽƚ͕
ĞĂƌůǇĐŚŝůĚŚŽŽĚĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ͕ƚŚĞŽƌŝĞƐĂƌĞƚŚĞŽǀĞƌĂƌĐŚŝŶŐŝĚĞĂƐ ƚĞĂĐŚĞƌƐ ƚŚŝŶŬ ĂŶĚ ĂĐƚ ĂĐĐŽƌĚŝŶŐ ƚŽ ƉĞƌƐŽŶĂů ƚŚĞŽƌŝĞƐ͘
ƚŚĂƚŝŶŇƵĞŶĐĞŽƵƌƉĞĚĂŐŽŐŝĐĂůƉƌĂĐƟĐĞƐ͕ĂŶĚĞĂĐŚƚŚĞŽƌǇŽƌ ;ĚǁĂƌĚƐĞƚĂů͕͘ϮϬϭϮ͕Ɖ͘ϲϬͿ͘tĞĐĂŶŚŽůĚŽŶƟŐŚƚůǇƚŽůŽŶŐͲ
ƚŚĞŽƌŝƐƚ ŚĂƐ Ă ƉĞƌƐƉĞĐƟǀĞ ƚŚĂƚ ŚĂƐ ŐĞŶĞƌĂůůǇ ĞǀŽůǀĞĚ ŽǀĞƌ ŚĞůĚďĞůŝĞĨƐďĞĐĂƵƐĞǁĞĂĐĐĞƉƚƚŚĞƐĞŝĚĞĂƐĂƐƚƌƵƚŚ͕ĂŶĚǁĞ
ůŽŶŐ ƉĞƌŝŽĚƐ ŽĨ ƟŵĞ͘ /ƚĞƌĂƟǀĞ ŝŶ ŶĂƚƵƌĞ͕ ƚŚĞŽƌŝĞƐ ĂƌĞ ŽŌĞŶ ƚƌƵƐƚǁŚĞƌĞƚŚĞƐĞŝĚĞĂƐŚĂǀĞĐŽŵĞĨƌŽŵ͘>ŝŬĞƚŚĞƉƌŽƚĂŐŽŶŝƐƚƐ
ĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƚĞĚƚŽĂŶĚĞǆƉĂŶĚĞĚƵƉŽŶďǇŽƚŚĞƌƐĂƐŝĚĞĂƐĐŽŶƟŶƵĞ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ĞůĞƉŚĂŶƚ ƉĂƌĂďůĞ͕ ǁĞ ĐĂŶ ƐĞĞŬ ŽƵƚ ŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶ ƚŚĂƚ
ƚŽďĞĚĞǀĞůŽƉĞĚĂŶĚƌĞƚŚŽƵŐŚƚ͘dŚĞǁŽƌĚƚŚĞŽƌǇŚĂƐŝƚƐƌŽŽƚƐ ĐŽŶĮƌŵƐŽƵƌďĞůŝĞĨƐĂŶĚŝŐŶŽƌĞƐŽƌĚŝƐĐŽƵŶƚƐŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶŽƌ
ŝŶƚŚĞĂŶĐŝĞŶƚ'ƌĞĞŬǁŽƌĚƚŚĞŽƌŝĂ͕ŵĞĂŶŝŶŐĂǀŝĞǁ͕ŶŽƟŽŶ͕Žƌ ǀŝĞǁƐŝŶĐŽŶƐŝƐƚĞŶƚǁŝƚŚƚŚĞƐĞ͘/ƚŝƐŵƵĐŚĞĂƐŝĞƌƚŽĚŝŐĚŽǁŶ
ĐŽŶƚĞŵƉůĂƟŽŶ͘ ŵŽƌĞĚĞĞƉůǇŝŶƚŽŽƵƌǁĂǇƐŽĨŬŶŽǁŝŶŐĂŶĚǁŽƌŬŝŶŐƚŚĂŶŝƚŝƐ
ƚŽĐŚĂŶŐĞŽƵƌŵŝŶĚƐ͘
dŚĞ ƉůĂĐĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞŽƌǇ ŝƐ ƐŽ ŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚ ŝŶ ŽƵƌ ǁŽƌŬ ƚŚĂƚ ƚŚĞ
ĂƌůǇ zĞĂƌƐ >ĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ &ƌĂŵĞǁŽƌŬ ;z>& sϮ͘ϬͿ ĞŶĐŽƵƌĂŐĞƐ ƵƐ
ƚŽĞŵƉůŽǇĂƌĂŶŐĞŽĨĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚƚŚĞŽƌĞƟĐĂůǀŝĞǁƉŽŝŶƚƐ͕ǁŽƌůĚ Theories should not stay in books;
ǀŝĞǁƐ ĂŶĚ ŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞƐ ŝŶ ŽƵƌ ĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚĞƐ ĂŶĚ ƉƌĂĐƟĐĞƐ ƚŽ
ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͛Ɛ ůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ͘ dŚĞ ŝŶĐůƵƐŝŽŶ
they should be part of the daily
ŽĨ Ă ƌĂŶŐĞ ŽĨ ƉĞƌƐƉĞĐƟǀĞƐ ŝƐ ŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚ ĂƐ ƐŽůĞ ƌĞůŝĂŶĐĞ ŽŶ experience, explored, challenged,
ŽŶĞƚŚĞŽƌǇŽƌƉŽŝŶƚŽĨǀŝĞǁĐĂŶŝŵƉŽƐĞĂƐĞƚŽĨĂƐƐƵŵƉƟŽŶƐ refuted and discussed.
Žƌ ďĞůŝĞĨƐ ĂďŽƵƚ ŚŽǁ ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ ůĞĂƌŶ ĂŶĚ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉ͕ ǁŚŝĐŚ ŝƐ
ƵůƟŵĂƚĞůǇůŝŵŝƟŶŐďŽƚŚƚŽĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶĂŶĚĞĚƵĐĂƚŽƌƐ͘
25
dŚŝƐƚǇƉĞŽĨďŝĂƐ͕ŬŶŽǁŶĂƐĐŽŶĮƌŵĂƟŽŶďŝĂƐ͕ŝƐƚŚĞƚĞŶĚĞŶĐǇ REFERENCES
ĂŐůŝĂƌŝW͕͘ĂƐƚĞŐŶĞƫD͕͘'ŝƵĚŝĐŝ͕͘ZŝŶĂůĚŝ͕͘sĞĐĐŚŝs͕͘DŽƐƐ
ƚŽ ƐĞĞŬ ŽƵƚ Žƌ ůŽŽŬ ĨŽƌ ŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶ ƚŚĂƚ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚƐ ĂůƌĞĂĚǇͲ W͘;ϮϬϭϲͿ͘>ŽƌŝƐDĂůĂŐƵǌǌŝĂŶĚƚŚĞƐĐŚŽŽůƐŽĨZĞŐŐŝŽŵŝůŝĂ͗
ŚĞůĚďĞůŝĞĨƐ͕ĂŶĚŝƚŝƐǀĞƌǇŚĂƌĚƚŽƌĞĐŽŐŶŝƐĞŝŶŽƵƌƐĞůǀĞƐƚŚĂƚ ƐĞůĞĐƟŽŶŽĨŚŝƐǁƌŝƟŶŐƐĂŶĚƐƉĞĞĐŚĞƐϭϵϰϱͲϭϵϵϯ͘>ŽŶĚŽŶ͕
ǁĞǁŽƌŬƚŚŝƐǁĂǇ͘EŽŽŶĞƚŚĞŽƌǇǁŝůůĞǀĞƌŵĞĞƚǇŽƵƌŶĞĞĚƐ͕ ŶŐůĂŶĚ͗ZŽƵƚůĞĚŐĞ͘
ĂŶĚ ŝƚ ŝƐ ŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚ ƚŽ ƌĞͲƚŚŝŶŬ ŚŽǁ ǁĞ ĐŽŶŶĞĐƚ ƐƚƌĂŶĚƐ ŽĨ ĂŚůďĞƌŐ͕'͕͘ΘDŽƐƐ͕W͘;ϮϬϬϱͿ͘ƚŚŝĐƐĂŶĚƉŽůŝƟĐƐŝŶĞĂƌůǇ
ĐŚŝůĚŚŽŽĚĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ͘ZŽƵƚůĞĚŐĞĨĂůŵĞƌ͘
ĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚ ĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚĞƐ ƚŽ ŽƵƌ ǁŽƌŬ͘ /ƚ ŝƐ ŝŵƉĞƌĂƟǀĞ ƚŚĂƚ ǁĞ
ĐŽŶƟŶƵĞ ƚŽ ƐĞĞŬ ŽƵƚ ŶĞǁ ƚŚĞŽƌŝĞƐ ƚŽ ĞǆƉůŽƌĞ͕ ĂƐ ĐŚĂůůĞŶŐĞ ĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚŽĨĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ͘;ϮϬϮϮͿ͘ĞůŽŶŐŝŶŐ͕ďĞŝŶŐΘďĞĐŽŵŝŶŐ͗
dŚĞĞĂƌůǇǇĞĂƌƐůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐĨƌĂŵĞǁŽƌŬĨŽƌƵƐƚƌĂůŝĂsϮ͘Ϭ͘
ĂŶĚƉƌŽŐƌĞƐƐŝŽŶĂƌĞǁŚĂƚǁĞƐŚŽƵůĚďĞĐŽŶƐƚĂŶƚůǇĂŝŵŝŶŐĨŽƌ ǁǁǁ͘ĂĐĞĐƋĂ͘ŐŽǀ͘ĂƵͬƐŝƚĞƐͬĚĞĨĂƵůƚͬĮůĞƐͬϮϬϮϯͲϬϭͬz>&ͲϮϬϮϮͲ
ŝŶĞĂƌůǇĐŚŝůĚŚŽŽĚĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ͘ sϮ͘Ϭ͘ƉĚĨ
ĚǁĂƌĚƐ͕͕͘'ĂŶĚŝŶŝ͕>͕͘Θ&ŽƌŵĂŶ͕;ĚƐ͘Ϳ͘;ϮϬϭϭͿ͘dŚĞ,ƵŶĚƌĞĚ
tŚĞŶƚŚŝŶŬŝŶŐĂďŽƵƚŚŽǁǇŽƵŵŝŐŚƚƐƚĂƌƚƚŽĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚ >ĂŶŐƵĂŐĞƐŽĨŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͗dŚĞZĞŐŐŝŽŵŝůŝĂǆƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞŝŶ
dƌĂŶƐĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶ;ϯƌĚĞĚ͘ͿWƌĂĞŐĞƌ
ƚŚĞŽƌĞƟĐĂů ƉĞƌƐƉĞĐƟǀĞƐ ŝŶ ǇŽƵƌ ǁŽƌŬ͕ ƚŚĞ ŚƵŵďůĞ ŐŝŶŐĞƌ
ƉůĂŶƚŵŝŐŚƚƉƌŽǀŝĚĞĂƵƐĞĨƵůďŽƚĂŶŝĐĂůŵĞƚĂƉŚŽƌ͘'ŝŶŐĞƌŝƐĂ
ZŚŝǌŽŵĞ͕ĂƉůĂŶƚƚŚĂƚŐƌŽǁƐƵŶĚĞƌŐƌŽƵŶĚ͘/ƚŚĂƐĂƐƚĞŵĂŶĚ
ĂƌŽŽƚƐǇƐƚĞŵďƵƚŶŽƐŝŶŐůĞƉŽŝŶƚŽĨŽƌŝŐŝŶʹŶŽďĞŐŝŶŶŝŶŐŽƌ
ĞŶĚ͘dŚĞƌŽŽƚƐǇƐƚĞŵƐƉƌŽŐƌĞƐƐŝǀĞůǇƐĞŶĚŽƵƚŶĞǁƐŚŽŽƚƐŝŶ
ŵĂŶǇĚŝƌĞĐƟŽŶƐ͕ĞĂĐŚĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŶŐƚŽŽƚŚĞƌƐ͘
ĞůĞƵǌĞĂŶĚ'ƵĂƩĂƌŝ͕ďŽƚŚ&ƌĞŶĐŚ͕ŽŶĞĂƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚĞƌĂŶĚƚŚĞ As we began enlivening a

ŽƚŚĞƌĂƉƐǇĐŚŽĂŶĂůǇƐƚ͕ƵƐĞĚƚŚĞƚĞƌŵ͚ƌŚŝǌŽŵĂƟĐ͛ƚŽĚĞƐĐƌŝďĞ pedagogy of listening...we began
ƚŚĞŽƌǇƚŚĂƚĂůůŽǁƐĨŽƌŵƵůƟƉůĞŶŽŶͲŚŝĞƌĂƌĐŚŝĐĂůĞŶƚƌǇĂŶĚĞǆŝƚ
to uncover layers, layers which
ƉŽŝŶƚƐ͕ Ă ŶĞƚǁŽƌŬ ŽĨ ŵƵůƟƉůŝĐŝƟĞƐ͘ sŝĞǁŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ĂƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶ
ŽĨŵƵůƟƉůĞƚŚĞŽƌŝĞƐƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚŝƐůĞŶƐŵŝŐŚƚŚĞůƉĞŶƐƵƌĞƚŚĂƚ were not simply vertical. Indeed,
ǁĞĂƌĞĐŽŶƐƚĂŶƚůǇĞŶŐĂŐŝŶŐŝŶƉƌĂĐƟĐĞƚŚĂƚĐĂŶŚĞůƉƵƐƐĞĞĂ these layers were horizontal,
ǀĂƌŝĞƚǇŽĨƚŚĞŽƌĞƟĐĂůǀŝĞǁƉŽŝŶƚƐĂŶĚƚŚĞŵƵůƟƚƵĚĞŽĨƉŽƐƐŝďůĞ waving in an out of one another,
ĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŽŶƐƚŚĞƐĞŵŝŐŚƚŽīĞƌƵƉ͘ĂŚůďĞƌŐƐƵŐŐĞƐƚƐƚŚĂƚƚŚĞ
ƌŚŝǌŽŵĞ ŽīĞƌƐ ĞĚƵĐĂƚŽƌƐ ƚŚĞ ƉŽƐƐŝďŝůŝƚǇ ŽĨ ƌĞƐŝƐƟŶŐ ŶŽƌŵĂů
rippling outward into a beautiful
ƉƌĂĐƟĐĞƐĂŶĚĞŶǀŝƐĂŐŝŶŐŶĞǁǁĂǇƐ;ĂŚůďĞƌŐ͕ϮϬϬϱ͕ƉϭϭϴͿ͘ rhizomatic tangle. It was there all
that time, that layered tangle, but
dŚĞŽƌŝĞƐ ƐŚŽƵůĚ ŶŽƚ ƐƚĂǇ ŝŶ ďŽŽŬƐ͖ ƚŚĞǇ ƐŚŽƵůĚ ďĞ ƉĂƌƚ ŽĨ
we might’ve missed it if we hadn’t
ƚŚĞ ĚĂŝůǇ ĞǆƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ͕ ĞǆƉůŽƌĞĚ͕ ĐŚĂůůĞŶŐĞĚ͕ ƌĞĨƵƚĞĚ͕ ĂŶĚ
ĚŝƐĐƵƐƐĞĚ͘ dŚĞ ĞǀĞƌǇĚĂǇ ƌĞĂůŝƚǇ ŽĨ ƚŚĞŽƌŝĞƐ ŝƐ ƚŚĂƚ ƚŚĞǇ ĐĂŶ slowed down to listen outside
ďĞďŽƚŚŝŶƐƉŝƌŝŶŐĂŶĚĐŚĂůůĞŶŐŝŶŐ͕ĂŶĚƚŚŝƐŝƐŶŽŵŽƌĞĞǀŝĚĞŶƚ of our predetermined, vertically
ƚŚĂŶǁŚĞŶǁĞƚƌǇƚŽĂƉƉůǇƚŚĞŵƚŽŽƵƌĚĂŝůǇƚĞĂĐŚŝŶŐƉƌĂĐƟĐĞ͘ oriented mindsets.
/Ŷ ŽƵƌ ĞǀĞƌǇĚĂǇ ƉƌĂĐƟĐĞ͕ ƚŚĞ ƚŚĞŽƌŝĞƐ ƚŚĂƚ ŝŶĨŽƌŵ ŽƵƌ ǁŽƌŬ
ǁŝƚŚ ǇŽƵŶŐ ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ ŶĞĞĚ ƚŽ ďĞ ƚĞƐƚĞĚ͕ ďƵŵƉĞĚ ĂƌŽƵŶĚ Ă
0HJDQ0DF'RQDOGHWDO(&31
ůŝƩůĞ͕ƵƐĞĚĂůŝƩůĞŽƌĂůŽƚ͘/ƚŝƐƚŚĞůŝǀĞĚƐŽĐŝĂůĂƐƉĞĐƚŽĨƚŚĞŽƌǇ
and our connectedness to the ideas of others that can result
ŝŶŐƌĞĂƚůĞĂƉƐŝŶŽƵƌƉƌĂĐƟĐĞ͘
DANCE ME TO YOUR BEAUTY
WITH A BURNING VIOLIN
DANCE ME THROUGH THE PANIC
TILL I’M GATHERED SAFELY IN
LIFT ME LIKE AN OLIVE BRANCH
AND BE MY HOMEWARD DOVE
DANCE ME TO THE END OF LOVE
LEONARD COHEN
SONGWRITERS LEONARD COHEN & DAVID CAMPBELL
1984 ALBUM VARIOUS POSITIONS, COLUMBIA RECORDS
EKA MASTRANGELO & MATEJ PERUNICIC

PHOTOGRAPHY BY: NIV NOVAK
:::1,9129$.&20
27
THE HIGH COUNTRY

OF VICTORIA
BERNADETTE DUNN
SEMANN & SLATTERY
ƌĞĐĞŶƚ ǁŽƌŬ ƚƌŝƉ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ,ŝŐŚ ŽƵŶƚƌǇ ŽĨ sŝĐƚŽƌŝĂ ǁĂƐ dŚĞ,ŝŐŚŽƵŶƚƌǇŝƐůŝƩĞƌĞĚǁŝƚŚŚŝƐƚŽƌŝĐƚŽǁŶƐʹĂůůǁŽƌƚŚǇŽĨ
ĂŶ ĂďƐŽůƵƚĞ ĚĞůŝŐŚƚ͘ /ƚ ŚĂƐ ďĞĞŶ ŵĂŶǇ ǇĞĂƌƐ ƐŝŶĐĞ ŚĂǀŝŶŐ ĂǀŝƐŝƚ͕ďƵƚzĂĐŬĂŶĚĂŶĚĂŚ͕ƚŚĞƌĞŝƐƐŽŵĞƚŚŝŶŐƐƉĞĐŝĂůĂďŽƵƚƚŚĞ
ƐŽũŽƵƌŶĞĚ ŝŶ ƚŚŝƐ ƉĂƌƚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ǁŽƌůĚ͕ ĂŶĚ ŽŶĐĞ ĂŐĂŝŶ͕ / ǁĂƐ ƉůĂĐĞʹĂŚĞƌŝƚĂŐĞƚŽǁŶŽĨůŽǀŝŶŐůǇƌĞƐƚŽƌĞĚďƵŝůĚŝŶŐƐ͕ǁŽŽĚĞŶ
ƐƚƌƵĐŬ ďǇ ƚŚĞ ďĞĂƵƚǇ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ůŽĐĂƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ ĨƌŝĞŶĚůŝŶĞƐƐ ŽĨ ǀĞƌĂŶĚĂƐůŝŶĞĂůĞĂĨǇŵĂŝŶƐƚƌĞĞƚ͕ĂŶĂƌƌĂǇŽĨƐŚŽƉƐĂƌĞĂůŵŽƐƚ
ƚŚĞ ůŽĐĂůƐ͘ / ůŽǀĞ Ă ĐŽŽů ĐůŝŵĂƚĞ ĂŶĚ Ă ĚĞůŝĐŝŽƵƐ ƉĂůĞƩĞ ŽĨ ŚŝĚĚĞŶ ƵŶĚĞƌ ŽǀĞƌŚĂŶŐŝŶŐ ĂǁŶŝŶŐƐ ʹ ŵĂŶǇ / ĨƌĞƋƵĞŶƚĞĚ
ĂƵƚƵŵŶĐŽůŽƵƌƐʹĂƵƚƵŵŶŝƐŵǇĨĂǀŽƵƌŝƚĞƟŵĞŽĨǇĞĂƌ͘ƌŝƐƉ ŵŽƌĞ ƚŚĂŶ ŽŶĐĞ ʹ ƚŚĞ WŝĞ ^ŚŽƉ ;ǇƵŵͿ ʹ ^ĞǀĞŶƚŚ WŽĐŬĞƚ ;Ă
ĨƌĞƐŚĂŝƌ͕ůŝŵŝƚůĞƐƐƐŬǇĂŶĚǁŝĚĞͲŽƉĞŶƐƉĂĐĞƐʹǁŚĂƚĂŶŝĚǇůůŝĐ ĮŶĞƐĞůĞĐƟŽŶŽĨĨĂƐŚŝŽŶ͕ŚŽŵĞǁĂƌĞƐĂŶĚĂƌƚͿ^ƚŽĐŬƌŽŽŵĂŶĚ
ĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĨŽƌǇŽƵŶŐĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͘ WĂŶƚƌǇ;ĂĨĂďƵůŽƵƐ ǁŝŶĞůŝƐƚĐŽŵƉůŝŵĞŶƚƐůŽĐĂů ĨĂƌĞͿ&ĞĂƚŚĞƌ
ΘƌƵŵ;ĂƚʹŚĂƩĞƌĞǆƚƌĂŽƌĚŝŶĂŝƌĞͿĂŶĚƚŚĞŶĞĂƌďǇĂǁĂƌĚͲ
^ŽŌ ƐƵŶůŝŐŚƚ ĂŶĚ ŵŝƐƚǇ ŵŽƌŶŝŶŐƐ ǁĞůĐŽŵĞ ƚŚĞ ĚĂǇ ʹ ƚŚĞ ǁŝŶŶŝŶŐ ŐŝŶ ĚŝƐƟůůĞƌǇ ĂĐŬǁŽŽĚƐ ƐĞƌǀĞƐ Ă ĚĞůŝĐŝŽƵƐ ĚƌŽƉ͊
ůĂŶĚƐĐĂƉĞŝƐĂƚĂƉĞƐƚƌǇŽĨŶĂƟǀĞďƵƐŚ͕ĞŵĞƌĂůĚŐƌĞĞŶƉĂƐƚƵƌĞƐ͕ dŚĞƌĞ ĂƌĞ ŵĂŶǇ ƌĞĂƐŽŶƐ ƚŽ ƌĞƚƵƌŶ͙/ ŚĂĚ Ă ǁŽŶĚĞƌĨƵů ƟŵĞ͕
ŵĂŐŶŝĮĐĞŶƚƚƌĞĞƐ͕ƌŽƵŶĚĞĚƚŽƌƐĂŶĚĂůƉŝŶĞƉŝŶŶĂĐůĞƐƚŚĂƚŬŝƐƐ ŶŽƚůŝŬĞǁŽƌŬĂƚĂůů͘
ƚŚĞĐůŽƵĚƐ͘dŚĞƌĞŝƐĂƐƉŝƌŝƚƵĂůŝƚǇĂďŽƵƚƚŚĞƉůĂĐĞƚŚĂƚƐƉĞĂŬƐ
ƚŽ ŵĞŽĨ ƟŵĞŐŽŶĞ ďǇ͘ / Ăŵ ƌĞŵŝŶĚĞĚ ŽĨ ŚĂƉƉǇŚŽůŝĚĂǇƐ ŝŶ
^ĐŽƚůĂŶĚ͕ǀŝƐŝƟŶŐŐƌĂŶĚƉĂƌĞŶƚƐĂŶĚƚƌĞŬŬŝŶŐĂĐƌŽƐƐ'ůĞŶƐ͘ŶĚ
ƚŚĞůĞĂǀĞƐ͕ƚŚĞĂƵƚƵŵŶĂůĐŽůŽƵƌƐĂƌĞƚŽĚŝĞĨŽƌ͘&ĂŵŽƵƐĨŽƌŝƚƐ
A call out to the Hub Cottage Crafts Co-
ǀŝŶĞǇĂƌĚƐĂŶĚĚĞůŝĐŝŽƵƐǁŝŶĞͲƚŚĞŚƵĞŽĨƚŚĞůĞĂǀĞƐƌĞĂĚůŝŬĞ op in Tallangatta – what a treasure trove
ĂǁŝŶĞůŝƐƚͲƚŽŬĂǇ͕ŵƵƐĐĂƚ͕ƐŚŝƌĂǌ͕ĐŚĞƌƌǇǁŝŶĞ͘/ĂĐĐĞƉƚĞĚƚŚĞ of local art, handicrafts and produce.
ůĞĂǀĞƐ͛ŝŶǀŝƚĂƟŽŶ͕ĂŶĚǁĞĚĂŶĐĞĚĐĂƌĞĨƌĞĞŝŶƚŚĞǁŝŶĚŽŶƚŚĞ Teddy bears, tea cosies, baby layettes (a
ŵĂŝŶƐƚƌĞĞƚŝŶzĂĐŬĂŶĚĂŶĚĂʹĂŶĚŶŽƚŽŶĞůŽĐĂůďůŝŶŬĞĚ͊ collection of hand-knitted clothing for a
new baby), beanies, gloves and scarves,
zĂĐŬĂŶĚĂŶĚĂ ʹ ǁŚĂƚ Ă ǁŽŶĚĞƌĨƵůůǇ ĞƵƉŚŽŶŝĐ ƐŽƵŶĚ ĂƐ ƚŚĞ jewellery, felt accessories, pinnies, jams,
ŶĂŵĞĚĂŶĐĞƐĂƌŽƵŶĚǇŽƵƌŵŽƵƚŚĂŶĚƌŽůůƐŽīǇŽƵƌƚŽŶŐƵĞ͘ jellies and relish, biscuits, sweet nibbles
ƵƌŝŽƵƐ͕ / ƉŽƉƉĞĚ ŝŶƚŽ ƚŚĞ ůŽĐĂů ŵƵƐĞƵŵ ƚŽ ĂƐŬ ĂďŽƵƚ ƚŚĞ and knitted soft toys – I was in heaven!
ŚŝƐƚŽƌǇ ŽĨ zĂĐŬĂŶĚĂŶĚĂŚ͕ ƚŚĞ ŽƌŝŐŝŶ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƚŽǁŶ͛Ɛ ŶĂŵĞ͕ What skilled local craft-artisans…and
ĂŶĚ ƚŚĂƚ ŽĨ ŽƚŚĞƌ ůǇƌŝĐĂůůǇ ƉŚŽŶĞƟĐ ŶĂŵĞƐ ŽĨ ƚŽǁŶƐ ŶĞĂƌďǇ the woman behind the counter knew the
ʹ dĂŵŐĂŵďĂůĂŶŐĂ͕ <ĂŶŐĂůŽŽůĂ͕ DƵĚŐĞŐŽŶŐĂ ʹ ŵŽƐƚ ĂƌĞ
providence of all, she was wonderful and
ďŽƌŝŐŝŶĂů͕ĂůůĂƌĞŵǇƐƟĐĂůĂŶĚŵƵƐŝĐĂů͘dŚĞƚŽǁŶ͛ƐŚŝƐƚŽƌǇďƵī
a true ambassador for her town. View the
ĂŶĚŵƵƐĞƵŵĐƵƌĂƚŽƌŚĂƉƉŝůǇƐŚĂƌĞĚůŽĐĂůƐƚŽƌŝĞƐʹƚŚĞƚŽǁŶ͛Ɛ
‘Hub’ craft collection on Facebook.
ŶĂŵĞŝƐďĞůŝĞǀĞĚƚŽŵĞĂŶ͚ŽŶĞďŽƵůĚĞƌŽŶƚŽƉŽĨĂŶŽƚŚĞƌĂƚ
ƚŚĞũƵŶĐƟŽŶŽĨƚǁŽĐƌĞĞŬƐ͛ĂŶĚƌĞĨĞƌĞŶĐĞƐĂŚŝƐƚŽƌŝĐƌŝǀĞƌƐŝĚĞ
ŵĞĞƟŶŐƉůĂĐĞĨŽƌůŽĐĂůďŽƌŝŐŝŶĂůĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƟĞƐ͘
Above our heads,
7KDQN KHDYHQV ZH QHYHU PHWULƪHG FUHHNV huge mountains towered,
– 5km Creek just does not have the same With shady trees
ring as Five Mile Creek. There are numerous
‘mile’ creeks throughout the High Country and shrubs embowered,
– I have yet to discover why the name – is And, over all, a faint blue haze
it the length or distance from a place of Hung, whereso’er we turned our gaze
VLJQLƪFDQFHRUMXVWEHFDXVHţ
Marjorie MacDermid 1910
28
YACKANDANDAH’S
JEWEL
FEATHER & DRUM
29
DƵƐŝĐŝĂŶ ĂŶĚ ĂƌƟƐĂŶ Ăƚ >ĞĂŚǇ ĂůǁĂǇƐ ůŽǀĞĚ ƚŚĞ ŝĚĞĂ ŽĨ ĂƚĞǆĞŵƉůŝĮĞƐƚŚĞŵŽĚĞƌŶĂƌƟƐĂŶŵŽǀĞŵĞŶƚʹĂĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚǇ
ƐĞƩůŝŶŐ ŝŶ zĂĐŬĂŶĚĂŶĚĂŚ͙ƚŚĞ ƉĂŶĚĞŵŝĐ ĨĂƐƚͲƚƌĂĐŬĞĚ ƚŚĞ ŽĨ ͚ĐƌĂŌƐƉĞŽƉůĞ ǁŚŽ ĨŽĐƵƐ ŽŶ ĚŝƐƟŶĐƚ͕ ƐŬŝůĨƵůůǇ ŵĂĚĞ ŐŽŽĚƐ
ƉůĂŶ͘ >ŽĐŬĚŽǁŶ ŝŶ zĂĐŬ͕ ĂƐ ĂīĞĐƟŽŶĂƚĞůǇ ƌĞĨĞƌƌĞĚ ƚŽ ďǇ ƚŚĞ ƉƌŽĚƵĐĞĚ ŝŶ ƐŵĂůů ƋƵĂŶƟƟĞƐ͕ ŽŌĞŶ ďǇ ŚĂŶĚ͛ ĂŶĚ ŽŌĞŶ
ůŽĐĂůƐ͕ ĐƌĞĂƚĞĚ ƚŚĞ ƐƉĂĐĞ ŝŶ Ăƚ͛Ɛ ďƵƐǇ ŵƵƐŽ ůŝĨĞ ƚŽ ƉƵƌƐƵĞ ǁŝƚŚ ƌŽŽƚƐ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƉĂƐƚ ƌĞƋƵŝƌŝŶŐ ƐŬŝůůƐ͕ ŵĂŶǇ ůŽƐƚ ƚŽ ƚŽĚĂǇ͛Ɛ
ĂŶŽƚŚĞƌƉĂƐƐŝŽŶʹƚŽŵĂŬĞĂŚĂƚĨŽƌŚĞƌƐĞůĨ͙ŚĂƚƐĂŶĚŵƵƐŝĐ ŵĂƐƐ ĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶͲĚƌŝǀĞŶ ƐŽĐŝĞƚǇ͘ dŚŝƐ ƚŚƌŝǀŝŶŐ ŵŽǀĞŵĞŶƚ͕
ĂƌĞ ƐǇŶŽŶǇŵŽƵƐ͙ƐŽ ĂŌĞƌ ƐŽŵĞ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ͕ ƚǁŽ ĚĂǇƐ ǁŝƚŚ Ă ƐŽŵĞƟŵĞƐ ƌĞĨĞƌƌĞĚ ƚŽ ĂƐ ĂŶ ĂƌƟƐĂŶ ƌĞŶĂŝƐƐĂŶĐĞ͕ ŚĂƐ ďĞĞŶ
ŚĂƩĞƌŝŶDĞůďŽƵƌŶĞʹĂŶĚĂŬĞĞŶĞǇĞĂŶĚĨĞĞůĨŽƌǁŚĂƚŵĂŬĞƐ ďƌŽƵŐŚƚ ĂďŽƵƚ ďǇ ǁŽƌůĚ ĞǀĞŶƚƐ ĂŶĚ ĐŽƵƌĂŐĞŽƵƐ ƉĞŽƉůĞ
ĂŐƌĞĂƚŚĂƚʹĞƚǀŽŝůĂ&ĞĂƚŚĞƌΘƌƵŵ͘ĚĞƐƟŶĂƟŽŶǁŝƚŚŝŶĂ ůŽŽŬŝŶŐĨŽƌŶĞǁǁĂǇƐŽĨďĞŝŶŐʹƐůŽǁĞƌĂŶĚŵŽƌĞƐĂƟƐĨǇŝŶŐ
ĚĞƐƟŶĂƟŽŶʹĂƚ͛ƐƟŶǇŚĂƩĞƌǇŽŶƚŚĞƚƌĞĞͲůŝŶĞĚDĂŝŶ^ƚƌĞĞƚ ůŝĨĞƐƚǇůĞƐ͘ ƌƟƐĂŶ ďƌĞĂĚ͕ ĐŚĞĞƐĞ͕ ĐĂŶĚůĞƐ ĂŶĚ ƐĞůĨͲĐĂƌĞ
ŽĨzĂĐŬĂŶĚĂŶĚĂŝƐĂĚĞůŝŐŚƞƵůĂŶĚŝŶƐƉŝƌŝŶŐƐƵƌƉƌŝƐĞ͘ ƉƌŽĚƵĐƚƐ͕ ĚĞůŌǁĂƌĞ ĂŶĚ ƉŽƩĞƌǇ͕ ůĞĂƚŚĞƌ ŐŽŽĚƐ͕ ǁŝŶĞƐ ĂŶĚ
ƐƉŝƌŝƚƐʹĂƌƟƐĂŶŐŝŶƐ͖ĂůůĂƌĞƉŽƉƵůĂƌĐŚŽŝĐĞƐŽŶĂůŽŶŐůŝƐƚŽĨ
tŚǇ&ĞĂƚŚĞƌΘƌƵŵʹĨĞĂƚŚĞƌƐŚĂǀĞĂƐƉĞĐŝĂůƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶĐĞĨŽƌ ĂƌƟƐĂŶĐƌĞĂƟŽŶƐ͘Kƌ͕ůŝŬĞĂƚ͕ǁŚŽĐƌĞĂƚĞƐĂƵŶŝƋƵĞĐůŽƚŚŝŶŐ
Ăƚ͕ƚŚĞǇƌĞŵŝŶĚŚĞƌŽĨĂƐƉĞĐŝĂůĨƌŝĞŶĚǁŚŽĂůǁĂǇƐĞŶĐŽƵƌĂŐĞĚ ĂĐĐĞƐƐŽƌǇ ƚŚĂƚ ďŽƚŚ ƐŚĞ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ ǁĞĂƌĞƌ ĂĐŚŝĞǀĞ ŐƌĞĂƚ ũŽǇ
ŚĞƌ ĞĂƌůǇ ĞŶĚĞĂǀŽƵƌƐ ʹ ĞƐƉĞĐŝĂůůǇ ĂƐ Ă ƚĞĞŶĂŐĞƌ ƉůĂǇŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ĨƌŽŵ͘
ĚƌƵŵƐ͘ ƌƵŵ ƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚƐ ĂŶŽƚŚĞƌ ĞƋƵĂůůǇ ŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚ ƉĂƌƚ
ŽĨ Ăƚ͛Ɛ ůŝĨĞ ʹ ŚĞƌ ŽƚŚĞƌ ƉĂƐƐŝŽŶ ʹ ŵƵƐŝĐ ĂŶĚ ŝŶƐƚƌƵŵĞŶƚ ŽĨ ^Ž͕ ĂŌĞƌ ƚǁŽ ǇĞĂƌƐ ʹ ůŝĨĞ ŝŶ zĂĐŬĂŶĚĂŶĚĂŚ ĨŽƌ Ăƚ ŝƐ ŐŽŽĚ͘
ĐŚŽŝĐĞ͘&ŽƌĂƚ͕ŝƚŝƐƚŚĞ͚ŵĞĞƟŶŐƉůĂĐĞŽĨƚŚĞĨĞŵŝŶŝŶĞĂŶĚ ƵƐŝŶĞƐƐ ŝƐ ďůŽƐƐŽŵŝŶŐ͕ ŽŶůŝŶĞ ĂŶĚ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƐŚŽƉ͘ &ĞĂƚŚĞƌ Θ
ƚŚĞŵĂƐĐƵůŝŶĞ͕ƚŚĞůŝŐŚƚĂŶĚƐŚĂĚĞŽĨůŝĨĞ͛͘ ƌƵŵŝƐĂŚŝǀĞŽĨĂƌƟƐƟĐĂĐƟǀŝƚǇĂŶĚĨƌŝĞŶĚůǇĐŽŶǀĞƌƐĂƟŽŶʹ
ĂůůŽĨƚŚĞŚĂƚƐĂƌĞŵĂĚĞďǇĂƚŽŶͲƐŝƚĞ͕ĂŶĚĂƐůĞǁŽĨĐƵƌŝŽƵƐ
ǀŝƐŝƚŽƌƐ ĂŶĚ ĐƵƐƚŽŵĞƌƐ ĂƌĞ ǁĞůĐŽŵĞĚ ĂůŝŬĞ͘ dŚĞ &ĞĂƚŚĞƌ Θ
A hat works when the balance ƌƵŵĞǆƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞŝƐĂŶĂƵƚŚĞŶƟĐĞŶĐŽƵŶƚĞƌǁŝƚŚĂŵŽĚĞƌŶͲ

ĚĂǇĂƌƟƐĂŶ͘
and proportions are right… a bit
like life, really… Cat Leahy
Life is very full and always
teaching me things – now
ĂƚŝƐĂŚĂƩĞƌ͘Ăƚ͛ƐŚĂƚƐĂƌĞŽďũĞĐƚƐĚ͛ĂƌƚʹĂƌƟƐƟĐĂůůǇĐƌĞĂƚĞĚ it’s a balancing act between
ƉŝĞĐĞƐ͕ĞĂĐŚǁŝƚŚŝŶƚŚĞŝƌŽǁŶƌŝŐŚƚ͘&ĞĂƚŚĞƌΘƌƵŵƐŝŶŐƐǁŝƚŚ two awesome and creative
ĐŽůŽƵƌʹŚĂƚƐŽĨǀĂƌŝŽƵƐŚƵĞƐĂƌĞŽŶĚŝƐƉůĂǇ͖ƐƚƌŝƉƐŽĨůĞĂƚŚĞƌ͕
ĨĞĂƚŚĞƌƐ͕ ǀŝŶƚĂŐĞ ďƌĂŝĚƐ ĂŶĚ ƌŝďďŽŶƐ ĚĞĐŽƌĂƚĞ ƚŚĞ ƐŚĞůǀĞƐ ʹ endeavours. Cat Leahy
ƉĂƌƚŽĨƚŚĞĨƵŶĂŶĚĐƌĞĂƟǀĞĞǆĞƌĐŝƐĞĨŽƌĂƚŝƐƐĐŽƵƌŝŶŐĂƌŽƵŶĚ
ĨŽƌƵŶŝƋƵĞŵĂƚĞƌŝĂůƐƚŽĐŽŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚŚĞƌůŝĚƐ;ŚĂƚƐͿʹŚĂƚƐŽĨ
ǀĂƌŝĞĚĚĞƐŝŐŶͶĨĞĚŽƌĂƐ͕ĐŽǁďŽǇŚĂƚƐ͕ĨĂƌŵĞƌƐŚĂƚƐ͕ƉŽƌŬƉŝĞ zĞƚ͕ ǁŚŝůĞ ĚŝƐĐŽǀĞƌŝŶŐ ƚŚŝƐ ƌĞůĂƟǀĞůǇ ŶĞǁ ƉĂƚŚ ŝŶ ůŝĨĞ͕ Ăƚ
ŚĂƚƐĐƌĞĂƚĞĂƐĞŶƐĞŽĨƟŵĞĂŶĚƉůĂĐĞ͘tĂƚĐŚŝŶŐĂƚƉůǇŚĞƌ ĐŽŶƟŶƵĞƐ ƚŽ ĞŵďƌĂĐĞ ŚĞƌ ĞĂƌůǇ ůŽǀĞ ĂŶĚ ĐĂƌĞĞƌ ŝŶ ŵƵƐŝĐ͘
ĂƌƚŝƐƐŚĞĞƌƉŽĞƚƌǇŝŶŵŽƟŽŶʹĨƌŽŵƐĞůĞĐƟŶŐƚŚĞŚĂƚďůŽĐŬƚŽ ĚƌƵŵ Ŭŝƚ ƚĂŬĞƐ ƉƌŝĚĞ ŽĨ ƉůĂĐĞ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ &ĞĂƚŚĞƌ Θ ƌƵŵ ƐŚŽƉ
ŝƌŽŶŝŶŐƚŚĞĨĞůƚ͕ƐƚĞĂŵŝŶŐĂŶĚƐŚĂƉŝŶŐƚŚĞďƌŝŵ͕ĂŶĚďƌŝŶŐŝŶŐ ǁŝŶĚŽǁ͘dŚŝƐtĂǇEŽƌƚŚ;Ăƚ͛ƐďĂŶĚͿŝƐĂŶŝŶĚŝĞƉŽƉͲƌŽĐŬĚƵŽ͘
ƚŚĞůŽŽŬƚŽŐĞƚŚĞƌʹĂůůƚĂƐŬƐĞǆĞĐƵƚĞĚǁŝƚŚĂĐĂůŵĐŽŶĮĚĞŶĐĞ͘ tŝƚŚĂƚŽŶĚƌƵŵƐ͕>ĞŝƐŚĂ:ƵŶŐĂůǁĂůůĂŽŶŐƵŝƚĂƌʹĂŶĚƐŚĂƌĞĚ͕
^ŽŵĞ ĐƵƐƚŽŵĞƌƐ ŚĂǀĞ Ă ƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌ ŝĚĞĂ͕ ďƵƚ ŽƚŚĞƌƐ ůŝŬĞ ŵĞ ďĞĂƵƟĨƵůůǇ ŚĂƌŵŽŶŝƐĞĚ ǀŽĐĂůƐ͕ ƚŚĞǇ ƚƌĂǀĞů ƚŚĞ ŶĂƟŽŶĂů ĂŶĚ
;Ă ŶŽŶͲŚĂƚ ǁĞĂƌĞƌͿ ŶĞĞĚ ŐƵŝĚĂŶĐĞ ĂŶĚ ƌĞĂƐƐƵƌĂŶĐĞ ʹ ǁŚĂƚ ŝŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůŵƵƐŝĐĐŝƌĐƵŝƚƐǁŽǁŝŶŐĂƵĚŝĞŶĐĞƐʹĂŶĚ/ƋƵŽƚĞ͕
ǁŽƌŬƐ͕ǁŝůů ŝƚ ƐƵŝƚ ŵĞ͕ǁŝůů / ǁĞĂƌŝƚ͍ dŚŝƐ ĐƌŝƟĐĂů ƉĂƌƚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ͚dŚŝƐtĂǇEŽƌƚŚ͛ƐŵƵƐŝĐŝƐŝƌƌĞƐŝƐƟďůĞ͘͘͘ŝŶĐƌĞĚŝďůĞĚƌƵŵďĞĂƚƐ
ŵĂŬŝŶŐ ŝƐ Ă ŵƵĐŚͲůŽǀĞĚ ƉĂƌƚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ĚĞƐŝŐŶ ƉŚĂƐĞ ĨŽƌ Ăƚ ǁŝƚŚĚĞůŝĐŝŽƵƐůǇĚŝƐĐƌĞĞƚŐƵŝƚĂƌůŝĐŬƐ͙ĂůůƚŽƉƉĞĚŽīǁŝƚŚƐǁĞĞƚ
ĂŶĚ ŝƐ ŵĂĚĞ ĞĂƐǇ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ĐƵƐƚŽŵĞƌ͕ ĂƐ ƚŚŝƐ ƚĂůĞŶƚĞĚ ĂƌƟƐĂŶ ǀŽĐĂů ŚĂƌŵŽŶŝĞƐ͛͘ ŶĚ ƚŚĞƌĞ ŝƐ ƐǇŶĐŚƌŽŶŝĐŝƚǇ Ăƚ ǁŽƌŬ ŚĞƌĞ ʹ
ŝƐ ƐŽ ŽďǀŝŽƵƐůǇ ŝŶǀĞƐƚĞĚ ŝŶ ĞǀĞƌǇ ŚĂƚ ʹ ƐŚĞ ǁĂŶƚƐ ǇŽƵ ƚŽ ďĞ ŵŽƐƚŵƵƐŝĐŝĂŶƐůŽǀĞĂŚĂƚʹŵĂŶǇǁĞůůͲŬŶŽǁŶŵƵƐŽƐĚŽŶĂ
ĐŽŵĨŽƌƚĂďůĞ ǁŝƚŚ ǇŽƵƌ ŚĂƚ ĂŶĚ ůŽǀĞ ǁĞĂƌŝŶŐ ŝƚ͘ Ăƚ ǁĞĂƌƐ Ă &ĞĂƚŚĞƌΘƌƵŵůŝĚŽŶĂŶĚŽīƐƚĂŐĞ͘
ŚĂƚĞǀĞƌǇĚĂǇʹŚĞƌĐŚŽŝĐĞŽĨĐŽůŽƵƌĂŶĚĚĞƐŝŐŶĚĞƉĞŶĚƐŽŶ
ŵŽŽĚĂŶĚŽƵƞŝƚ͘ƌĞĐŽŐŶŝƐĞĚĂŶĚƌĞƐƉĞĐƚĞĚŵĞŵďĞƌŽĨƚŚĞ
zĂĐŬĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚǇ͕ůŽĐĂůƐŚĂǀĞďĞĞŶŬŶŽǁŶƚŽĐŽŵŵĞŶƚŝĨƐŚĞ
ǀĞŶƚƵƌĞƐŽƵƚůŝĚͲůĞƐƐ͘
Like my guitar, your hat is now
an extension of me…Thank you.
Matt Joe Gow
30
:ƵƐƚ ďĞĨŽƌĞ ůĞĂǀŝŶŐ zĂĐŬ͕ / ŚĂƉƉĞŶĞĚ ƵƉŽŶ Ăƚ ůĞĂŶŝŶŐ ƵƉ

ĂŐĂŝŶƐƚŽŶĞŽĨƚŚĞƚŽǁŶ͛ƐĐŽŵŵƵŶĂůƐƚƌĞĞƚƚĂďůĞƐ͘^ŽŌƐƵŶůŝŐŚƚ
ĐĂƐƚƐŚĂĚŽǁƐƚŚƌŽƵŐŚĂƚĂƉĞƐƚƌǇŽĨĂƵƚƵŵŶůĞĂǀĞƐ͘dŚĞDĂŝŶ
^ƚƌĞĞƚǁĂƐƋƵŝĞƚ͕ĂƐĞŶƐĞŽĨƌĞǀĞƌŝĞŝŶƚŚĞĂŝƌ͘dŚĞƌĞƐŚĞǁĂƐ͕
ŚĂƚŽŶĂŶĚĂŶĞǁĚĞƐŝŐŶŝŶŚĂŶĚʹ/ůĂƚĞƌůĞĂƌŶƚƐŚĞǁĂƐƌŽůůŝŶŐ
ƚŚĞďƌŝŵʹďƵƚŝŶƚŚĂƚŵŽŵĞŶƚŽĨƐƟůůŶĞƐƐ͕/ƚŚŽƵŐŚƚ͕ƚŚŝƐŝƐ
ƚŚĞĞƉŝƚŽŵĞŽĨƚŚĞŐŽŽĚůŝĨĞ͕ďĞŝŶŐǁŚĞƌĞǇŽƵĂƌĞŵĞĂŶƚƚŽ
ďĞ͕ ďĞŝŶŐ ŝŵŵĞƌƐĞĚ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ŵŽŵĞŶƚ ʹ ĚŽŝŶŐ ƐŽŵĞƚŚŝŶŐ ǇŽƵ
ůŽǀĞʹĂŶĚĐƌĞĂƟŶŐďĞĂƵƚǇ͘
ŶĚ ƐŽ͕ ǁŚĂƚ ŶĞǆƚ͘ Ăƚ ŝƐ ƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐ͕ &ĞĂƚŚĞƌ Θ ƌƵŵ ŝƐ ŶĞǁ
ĂŶĚĂƉƉĞĂƌƐƚŽŚĂǀĞĂƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůĨƵƚƵƌĞ͕ďƵƚǁŚĂƚŝƐĐĞƌƚĂŝŶʹ
͚DƵƐŝĐͶĂŶĚ/ǁŽƵůĚůŽǀĞƚŽŵĂŬĞŚĂƚƐĨŽƌƚŚĞŵŽǀŝĞƐ͛͘
Feather & Drum

Shop 3 / 2 Main Street
Yackandandah
www.featheranddrum.com
This Way North

www.thiswaynorth.com
Feather & Drum & Mum –

Cat’s Mum, Anne McNaught,
has her own little corner
in the shop – knitted tea
cosies topped with sheep,
chickens or mice, tea towels,
scarves and beanies and
pooch bandanas add an air of
whimsy.
31
HAT CHAT BY CAT

Who makes hats?
Milliners make all sorts of hats – primarily
for women – until the 1960’s hats were
seen as an everyday fashion accessory.
Hats now are usually worn as special
occasion fashion accessories – weddings,
the races, etcetera, or for sun protection.
Hatters historically made hats for men,

usually of the fur-felt variety. Today,
hatters design and make hats for all.
The Mad Hatter – Lewis Carroll’s Mad

Hatter is a historical reference to an
industrial hazard of the 1800s – mercury
ZDV XVHG LQ KDWPDNLQJ DV D VWLƩHQLQJ
agent. Hatters literally went mad due to
mercury poisoning.
The bow in the back – Hatters sew a bow

in the back of each hat to pay tribute to
Hatters past.
32
THINKER IN RESIDENCE 2023

PROFEOR
PETER MO (UK)
PROFESSOR EMERITUS
Loris Malaguzzi and the Schools of Reggio

Emilia: A provocation to think at a time of
converging crises
The municipal schools for young children in the Italian
ĐŝƚǇŽĨZĞŐŐŝŽŵŝůŝĂĂƌĞǁŽƌůĚĨĂŵŽƵƐ͖ƚŚĞƌĞŝƐŵƵĐŚƚĂůŬ
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ĂƌĞƚŚĞĐŽŶĚŝƟŽŶƐŽĨƚŚĞƟŵĞƐ͍ŶĚŝŶƚŚĂƚĐŽŶƚĞǆƚ͕ǁŚĂƚ
SYDNEY ĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĚŽǁĞǁĂŶƚĨŽƌŽƵƌĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶĂŶĚŽƵƌĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƟĞƐ͕
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33
,1)/8(17,$/7+,1.(56
THE THEORISTS AND ME

DR ALMA FLEET
EARLY CHILDHOOD CONSULTANT
DƵƐŝŶŐ ĂďŽƵƚ ƚŚĞ ƋƵĞƐƟŽŶ͕ / ƌƵŵŵĂŐĞĚ ďĂĐŬ ŝŶ ŵǇ ŵŝŶĚ tŚĂƚĂďŽƵƚŵǇĨŽĐƵƐŽŶƚŚĞƉŽǁĞƌŽĨĚŝƐƉŽƐŝƟŽŶĂůůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ͍
for a coherent reply. Who are the theorists who have most tĞ ĐĂŶ ĐƌĞĚŝƚ >ŝůŝĂŶ <Ăƚǌ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĂƚ ĨŽƌĞŐƌŽƵŶĚŝŶŐ͘ ;^ŚĞ ĂůƐŽ
ŝŶŇƵĞŶĐĞĚŵĞ͍ ŽīĞƌĞĚ ƚŚĞŽƌŝĞƐ ĂďŽƵƚ ƐƚĂŐĞƐ ŽĨ ƉƌŽĨĞƐƐŝŽŶĂů ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ
tŚĂƚƚŚĞŽƌŝĞƐƐŚĂƉĞƚŚĞĞǀĞƌǇĚĂǇŽĨŵǇǁŽƌůĚ͍ ǁŚŝĐŚ ƚƌĂŶƐůĂƚĞ ŝŶƚŽ ŵǇ ŐƌŽǁƚŚ ŵĞŶƚĂůŝƚǇ ĂƌŽƵŶĚ ǁŽƌŬŝŶŐ
Odd pieces pop into mind. Let’s sort it out together. ǁŝƚŚĐŽůůĞĂŐƵĞƐͿ͘
Something to do with my mother would have primacy, so
WĂƌƚŽĨƚŚĞĐŚĂůůĞŶŐĞ͕ŽĨĐŽƵƌƐĞ͕ŝƐŵǇƌĞƐŝƐƚĂŶĐĞƚŽůĂďĞůůŝŶŐͬ
let’s grab Rogerian theory and place it on hold – we’ll come
ƚǇŝŶŐ ĚŽǁŶ ŝĚĞĂƐ ƚŚĂƚ ƐĞĞŵ ƐŽ ŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƚĞĚ͕ ŝŵŵĞƌƐĞĚͬ
ďĂĐŬƚŽƚŚĂƚ͘
ĞŶǀĞůŽƉĞĚ ŝŶ ŝŶƚĂŶŐŝďůĞ ǁĂǇƐ͘ / ĂĚŵŝƌĞ ŵǇ ĐŽůůĞĂŐƵĞƐ ǁŚŽ
dŚĞŶ ůĞƚ͛Ɛ ŵƵƐĞ ĂďŽƵƚ ƚŚĞ ƚĞĂĐŚŝŶŐͬŵĞŶƚŽƌŝŶŐ ƚŚĂƚ ƐŚĂƉĞƐ ĂƌĞ ĂďůĞ ƚŽ ůŝŶŬ ƚŚŝƐ ŽƌŝĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ ƚŽ ĐŽŵƉůĞǆ ƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĂů
ŵǇǁŽƌŬŝŶŐǁĞĞŬʹŚŽǁŽŌĞŶĚŽ/ƌĞĨĞƌĞŶĐĞƚŚĞŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶĐĞ ƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŝŶŐ ůŝŬĞ ƚŚĞ ĞůĞƵǌŝĂŶ ƌŚŝǌŽŵĂƟĐ ƚŚĞŽƌǇ͖ ƚŚĂƚ
ŽĨ͚ƚŚĞƐŽĐŝĂůĐŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƟŽŶŽĨŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞ͛ĂƐĂŬĞǇƉůĂƞŽƌŵĨŽƌ ĚŽĞƐŶ͛ƚǁŽƌŬĨŽƌŵĞ͘ůƚŚŽƵŐŚƚŚĞǇĂĐƟǀĞůǇĂǀŽŝĚƉůĂŶƚͬƚƌĞĞ
ĞĂƌůǇĐŚŝůĚŚŽŽĚƉĞĚĂŐŽŐǇ͍ƐƐŽĐŝĂƚĞĚŶĂƚƵƌĂůůǇǁŝƚŚsǇŐŽƚƐŬǇ ŵĞƚĂƉŚŽƌƐ͕/ŬĞĞƉŝŵĂŐŝŶŝŶŐĐůĞĂƌůŝŶĞƐĂƌŽƵŶĚůŝƩůĞĞŶƚĂŶŐůĞĚ
;ZƵƐƐŝĂŶ͕ĚŝĞĚƚŽŽǇŽƵŶŐͿ͘ ƌŽŽƚůĞƚƐĂŶĚǁĂŶƚƚŽƌĞůĞĂƐĞƚŚĞŵ͕ďůƵƌƌŝŶŐďŽƵŶĚĂƌŝĞƐƚŽůĞƚ
ŝĚĞĂƐƐŽĂŬŝŶƚŽƚŚĞƐƵƌƌŽƵŶĚŝŶŐƐŽŝů͘tŚŝůĞƚŚŝƐƐĞĞŵƐƚŽďĞ
DŽǀŝŶŐ ĂďŽƵƚ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ƐŝŐŚƚůŝŶĞƐ͕ ƚŚĞŶ͕ ĂƌĞ ƚŚĞ ĂƌĐŚŝƚĞĐƚƐ
ƚŚĞŝŶƚĞŶƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞĐŽŶĐĞƉƚ͕ŝƚ͛ƐŶŽƚďĞĞŶŽŶĞƚŽĞŶĨŽůĚŵĞ͘
ƌĞĐŽŵŵĞŶĚĞĚ ďǇ Ă ĨƌŝĞŶĚ ʹ ŶŽƟŶŐ ƐŚĂƉĞƐ ĂŶĚ ƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞƐ
/ ĂƉƉƌĞĐŝĂƚĞ ƚŚĂƚ ŝƚ͛Ɛ ĂŶ ĂƩĞŵƉƚ ƚŽ ĂǀŽŝĚ ůŝŶĞĂƌŝƚǇ͕ ďƵƚ ƚŚĞ
ŝŶ ďƵŝůƚ ĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚƐ ;>ǇŶĚŽŶ Θ DŽŽƌĞ͕ ϭϵϵϲͿ͕ ǁŚŝĐŚ
ŝŵĂŐĞŽĨĂƌŚŝǌŽŵĞƐƟůůĨĞĞůƐƚŽŽƟĞĚĚŽǁŶĨŽƌŵĞ͘/ƚŚŝŶŬ/
ŝŵŵĞĚŝĂƚĞůǇ ũŽŐƐ ŵĞ ďĂĐŬ ƚŽ ^ŽũĂ͛Ɛ ;ϭϵϵϲͿ ǀĞƌƐŝŽŶ ŽĨ
ŵĂǇďĞƚƌǇŝŶŐƚŽƌĞĐŽǀĞƌĨƌŽŵĂďĞŵƵƐĞĚƌĞƐƉŽŶƐĞĨƌŽŵƌŝĂŶ
͚ƚŚŝƌĚ ƐƉĂĐĞ͛ ʹ ďĞŝŶŐ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶ ĂŶĚ ǁŝƚŚŝŶ Ă ĐŝƚǇ͛Ɛ ƉŚǇƐŝĐĂů
ĂŵďŽƵƌŶĞŝŶϭϵϴϵǁŚĞŶǁĞǁĞƌĞƚƌǇŝŶŐƚŽĐĂƉƚƵƌĞƐŽŵĞŽĨ
ĂŶĚ ƐŽĐŝĂů ƐƉĂĐĞƐ͘ dŚĞƐĞ ƚŚĞŽƌŝĞƐ ŚĂǀĞ ƚŽ ĚŽ ǁŝƚŚ ǀŝƐƵĂů
ƚŚĞ ƐƉŝƌŝƚ ŽĨ ŶĂƚƵƌĂůŝƐƟĐ ƋƵĂůŝƚĂƟǀĞ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ͘ ƌŝĂŶ ĚƌĞǁ ŚŝƐ
ƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉƐ͕ ĂĞƐƚŚĞƟĐƐ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ ůĞŶƐĞƐ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ǁŚŝĐŚ /
ĂƩĞŵƉƚƚŽƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚƚŚĞ͚ŵĞƐƐ͛ƚŚĂƚĞŵĞƌŐĞƐǁŝƚŚƐƚŽƌŝĞĚŽƌ
ƉƌŽĐĞƐƐ ƐƚƌĞĞƚƐĐĂƉĞƐ Žƌ ďƵŝůĚŝŶŐ ƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞƐ͘ dŚĞ ƚŚŝŶŬĞƌƐ Ɛŝƚ
ĚĞƐĐƌŝƉƟǀĞĚĂƚĂ;ƐŶŽǁƐƚŽƌŵƐǁŝƌůŝŶŐͿ͕ǁŚŝĐŚ/ƚƌŝĞĚƚŽƉŝĐƚƵƌĞ
ǁŝƚŚŝŶŝĚĞĂƐƌĞŐĂƌĚŝŶŐ͚ƐĞŶƐĞŽĨƉůĂĐĞ͛ĂŶĚƚŚĞŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶĐĞŽĨ
ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚĂŐƌĂƉŚŝĐŽŶƚŚĞƉĂŐĞ͘/ǁĂƐĚŝƐĂƉƉŽŝŶƚĞĚǁŝƚŚŵǇƐĞůĨ
ƐƉĂĐĞĂŶĚƉůĂĐĞʹĞůĞŵĞŶƚƐƚŚĂƚŶĂƚƵƌĂůůǇƉƌĞĚŝƐƉŽƐĞŵĞƚŽ
ƚŚĂƚ / ŚĂĚŶ͛ƚ ůŝǀĞĚ ƵƉ ƚŽ ŚŝƐ ĐŽŶĐĞƉƚƵĂůŝƐĂƟŽŶ ďĞĐĂƵƐĞ ŚĞ
ďĞŽƉĞŶƚŽƚŚĞĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůĂǁĂƌĞŶĞƐƐŽĨDĂůĂŐƵǌǌŝ͛ƐϯƌĚ
ĞŵďŽĚŝĞĚ ƚŚĞ ƚŚĞŽƌŝĞƐ ŽĨ ŚŽůŝƐƟĐ ĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚĞƐ ƚŽ ďĞĐŽŵŝŶŐ
ƚĞĂĐŚĞƌ͘dŚĞŝŶŇƵĞŶĐĞŽĨZĞŐŐŝŽŵŝůŝĂŝƐĐĞƌƚĂŝŶůǇƉƌŽĨŽƵŶĚ͘
ůŝƚĞƌĂƚĞ͕ǁŚŝĐŚ/ǀĂůƵĞĚ;ŵǇĐƵƌƌŝĐƵůƵŵƐƉĞĐŝĂůŝƐĂƟŽŶǁĂƐĞĂƌůǇ
^Ɵůů͕ĂĐŝƚǇŽƌǁĂǇŽĨǁŽƌŬŝŶŐŝŶŝƚƐĞůĨŝƐŶŽƚĂƚŚĞŽƌǇ͕ĂůƚŚŽƵŐŚ
ůŝƚĞƌĂĐǇͿ͘ dŚĂƚ ŵĞŵŽƌǇ ƐůŝĚĞƐ ŵĞ ĂĐƌŽƐƐ ƚŽ ŽŶĂůĚ 'ƌĂǀĞƐ
ƚŚŽƐĞ ĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚĞƐ ĂƌĞ ƌŝĐŚůǇ ĞŵďĞĚĚĞĚ ŝŶ ƚŚĞŽƌǇ ;ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐ
ĂŶĚ ͚ƉƌŽĐĞƐƐ ǁƌŝƟŶŐ͛ ;ϭϵϴϯͿ͕ ƚŚĂƚ ƚŚĞ ĂĐƟŽŶƐͬƉƌŽĐĞƐƐĞƐ ŽĨ
sǇŐŽƚƐŬǇĂŶĚ:ŽŚŶĞǁĞǇ͕ǁŚŽŚĂǀĞďŽƚŚŝŶŇƵĞŶĐĞĚŵĞͿ͘^Ž͕
ĐĂƉƚƵƌŝŶŐ ǁŽƌĚƐ ŽŶ Ă ƉĂŐĞ ŐŽ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ŵƵůƟƉůĞ ƌĞŶĚŝƟŽŶƐͬ
ĂƌůĂZŝŶĂůĚŝ;ϮϬϬϲ͕ϮϬϮϭͿĐŽŵĞƐŝŶĂƐĂŶŝŶŇƵĞŶƟĂůƚŚŝŶŬĞƌʹ
ĞŶĐŽƵŶƚĞƌƐ ďĞĨŽƌĞ ĮŶĚŝŶŐ Ă ƐŚĂƉĞ ƚŚĂƚ ƚŚĞ ǁƌŝƚĞƌ ĐĂŶ ůŝǀĞ
ůĞƚ͛ƐƐĂǇƚŚĂƚŚĞƌĨŽĐƵƐŝƐŽŶ͚ĂƚŚĞŽƌǇŽĨůŝƐƚĞŶŝŶŐ͛͗ůŝƐƚĞŶŝŶŐƚŽ͕
ǁŝƚŚ ;ŶĞǀĞƌ ĐŽŵƉůĞƚĞͬƐƚƌŽŶŐ ĞŶŽƵŐŚ Žƌ ĂĚĞƋƵĂƚĞůǇ ůǇƌŝĐĂůͿ͘
ĂŶĚďĞŝŶŐůŝƐƚĞŶĞĚƚŽĂƐĐĞŶƚƌĂůƚŽŽƵƌƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉƐǁŝƚŚĞĂĐŚ
^Ž͕ůĞƚ͛ƐƉƵƚƚŚĞƐĞƚǁŽŵĞŶŝŶƚŚŝƐďŽĂƚŽĨŝĚĞĂƐƚŚĂƚ͛ƐƚƌǇŝŶŐƚŽ
ŽƚŚĞƌĂŶĚǁŝƚŚĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͘
ƐĞƚƐĂŝů͘ŽƚŚŚĂǀĞĂŶĂŐĞŶƟĐǀŝĞǁŽĨƚŚĞůĞĂƌŶĞƌ͕ĂƚŚĞŽƌǇŽĨ
tŚĂƚ ĂďŽƵƚ ƚŚĞ ƉĂŝŶ / ĨĞĞů͕ ƚŚĞ ƉŚǇƐŝĐĂů ŝŶƚĞƌŶĂů ĐůĞŶĐŚŝŶŐ ƌĞƐƉŽŶƐŝďŝůŝƚǇĂŶĚƉŽǁĞƌǁŝƚŚŝŶƚŚĞůĞĂƌŶĞƌƚŚĂƚŝƐŽŶůǇƐŚĂƌĞĚ
ǁŚĞŶ/ŚĞĂƌŽĨ;ŽƌƐĞĞͿĂŶĂŶŝŵĂůďĞŝŶŐŵŝƐƚƌĞĂƚĞĚ͕ŚƵƌƚ͕Žƌ ǁŝƚŚƚŚĞƌĞƐƉŽŶƐŝďůĞĂĚƵůƚ͕ŶŽƚŚĂŶĚĞĚŽǀĞƌ͘
ĂďĂŶĚŽŶĞĚ͖ŚĂƐĂƚŚĞŽƌǇƐŚĂƉĞĚŵǇĐĂƌŝŶŐĨŽƌůŝǀŝŶŐƚŚŝŶŐƐ͕
dŚĞŶ͕ ƚŽ ƌĞĂƐƐƵƌĞ ǇŽƵ͕ ĞĂƌ ZĞĂĚĞƌ͕ ƚŚĂƚ ƟŵĞ ŚĂƐ ŶŽƚ
Žƌ ĚŽĞƐ ƚŚĂƚ ŐŽ ďĂĐŬ ƚŽ ŐĞŶĞƟĐƐ ;ĚŽƵďƞƵůͿ Žƌ ƐĐŚŽŽůŝŶŐ
ƐƚŽƉƉĞĚ ĨŽƌ ŵĞ͕ / Ăŵ ĂůƐŽ ƚŚŽƌŽƵŐŚůǇ ŵŽǀĞĚ ďǇ ƚŚĞ ͚ŵŽƌĞͲ
;ůĞƐƐůŝŬĞůǇͿ͘/ƐƚŚĞƌĞĂƐŽƵƌĐĞĨŽƌƐƵĐŚĨĞĞůŝŶŐƐ͕ĚĞĞƉĞƌƚŚĂŶ
ƚŚĂŶͲŚƵŵĂŶ͛ĚŝƐĐŽƵƌƐĞ͘&ŝƌƐƚďƌŽƵŐŚƚƚŽŵǇĂƩĞŶƟŽŶĂƚŽŶĞ
ĂǀĂůƵŝŶŐŽƌĂďĞůŝĞĨ͕ŵŽƌĞĨƵŶĚĂŵĞŶƚĂů͍DĂǇďĞ͘>Ğƚ͛ƐůĞĂǀĞ
ŽĨ 'ůĞŶĚĂ DĐEĂƵŐŚƚŽŶ͛Ɛ ĐŽŶĨĞƌĞŶĐĞƐ ďǇ ^ǁĞĚŝƐŚ ƚŚŝŶŬĞƌ
ƚŚĂƚƉŝĞĐĞŽīƚŚĞƚŚĞŽƌǇƚĂďůĞĂŶĚƚƌǇƚŽƵŶƉĂĐŬƐŽŵĞŽĨƚŚĞ
,ŝůůĞǀŝ >ĞŶǌͲdĂŐƵĐŚŝ ;ϮϬϭϬͿ͕ ƚŚĞ ŝĚĞĂ ŽĨ ŵĂƚĞƌŝĂůƐ ĂƐ ĂŐĞŶƟĐ
ŵŽƌĞƚĂŶŐŝďůĞ͚ƚŚĞŽƌŝĞƐ͛ƚŚĂƚĂīĞĐƚǁŚŽ/ĂŵĂŶĚƚŚĞǁĂǇ/
ĐŽŵƉůĞƚĞůǇĐĂƉƚƵƌĞƐŵǇŝŵĂŐŝŶĂƟŽŶ͘^ĞĞŝŶŐ͚ƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐ͛;ĂŶĚ
ǁŽƌŬ͕ƚŚŝŶŬ͕ĂŶĚŐŽĂďŽƵƚŵǇůŝĨĞ͘
ƚƌĞĞƐ͕ĂŶĚƐĂŶĚĂŶĚ͙ͿĂƐĂŐĞŶƟĐŚĂƐďĞĞŶĂǁŽŶĚĞƌĨƵůŐŝŌŝŶ
ŵǇǀŝĞǁŽĨƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚ͊
34
ůƐŽ ĞǆƉůŽƌĞĚ ďǇ ƚŚŝŶŬĞƌƐ ůŝŬĞ ĂƌĂĚ ;ϮϬϬϯͿ͕ ƚŚŝƐ ƚŚĞŽƌĞƟĐĂů ^Ž͕ ŝŶ ĐŽŶĐůƵƐŝŽŶ͕ ŚĂǀĞ / ĐŚĞƌƌǇͲƉŝĐŬĞĚ ĨƌŽŵ ĚŝƐƉĂƌĂƚĞ͕
ĨƌĂŵĞŽƉĞŶƐŵŽƌĞǁŝŶĚŽǁƐĂŶĚĚŽŽƌƐƚŚĂŶŽƚŚĞƌŶĂƌƌŽǁĞƌ ƵŶƌĞůĂƚĞĚƐŽƵƌĐĞƐ͍zĞƐ͘
ǀŝĞǁƐ͘ ŶĚ ǁŚŝůĞ ŵĞŶƟŽŶŝŶŐ ^ǁĞĚĞŶ͕ / ŵƵƐƚ ĂĐŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞ ŵ/ĂƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĂůƉƵƌŝƐƚ͍EŽ͘
'ƵŶŝůůĂĂŚůďĞƌŐʹǁŚŽƐĞ͚ƚǁŽͲůĞŐƐǁĂůŬŝŶŐ͛;ŵĂŶĂŐŝŶŐƚǁŽ tŽƵůĚ ƚŚŝƐ ƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶ ďĞ ƐĞĞŶ ĂƐ ͚ĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĞĚ͛ ďǇ ƐĞƌŝŽƵƐ
ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂůůǇ ĐŽŶŇŝĐƟŶŐ ǁŽƌůĚ ǀŝĞǁƐ Ăƚ ƚŚĞ ƐĂŵĞ ƟŵĞ͕ ǁŝƚŚ ƐĐŚŽůĂƌƐ͍WƌŽďĂďůǇŶŽƚʹďƵƚƚŚĂƚǁĂƐŶŽƚƚŚĞƚĂƐŬĂƚŚĂŶĚ͘
ƐŚŝŌŝŶŐďĂůĂŶĐĞƐͿŚĂƐďĞĞŶĂŶĞǆƚƌĞŵĞůǇƉŽǁĞƌĨƵůƚŚĞŽƌĞƟĐĂů /ƚǁĂƐƉĞƌƐŽŶĂůĂŶĚŝĚĞŽůŽŐŝĐĂů͖ƐŽƚŚŝƐďůĞŶĚĞĚůŝǀŝŶŐŵĂƐƐŽĨ
ŝŶŇƵĞŶĐĞ;ϮϬϬϳͿ͘ ŝĚĞĂƐŝƐĮƚĨŽƌƉƵƌƉŽƐĞ͘/ůĞĂǀĞŝƚǁŝƚŚǇŽƵ͊
tŽƌŬŝŶŐŵǇǁĂǇĂƌŽƵŶĚƚŚĞƐĞŝĚĞĂƐŝŶĂŵŽƌĞͲƚŚĂŶͲĐŝƌĐƵůĂƌ REFERENCES
ĨĂƐŚŝŽŶ ;ĂŌĞƌ Ăůů͕ ĂƚŚĞƌŝŶĞ ĂŶĚ / ĚŝĚ ǁƌŝƚĞ ĞǇŽŶĚ ƚŚĞ ĂƌĂĚ͕<͘;ϮϬϬϯͿ͘WŽƐƚŚƵŵĂŶŝƐƚƉĞƌĨŽƌŵĂƟǀŝƚǇ͗ƚŽǁĂƌĚĂŶƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐŽĨ
ŚŽǁŵĂƩĞƌĐŽŵĞƐƚŽŵĂƩĞƌ͘^ŝŐŶƐ͗:ŽƵƌŶĂůŽĨǁŽŵĞŶŝŶĐƵůƚƵƌĞĂŶĚƐŽĐŝĞƚǇ͘
ŽǆĞƐ͊ ϭϵϵϴͿ͕ /͛ůů ƌĞƚƵƌŶ ƚŽ Ăƌů ZŽŐĞƌƐ ;ϭϵϳϰͿ ;ĂŶ ŵĞƌŝĐĂŶ Ϯϴ;ϯͿ͕ϴϬϭͲϴϯϭ͘
͚ŚƵŵĂŶŝƐƚƉƐǇĐŚŽůŽŐŝƐƚ͛Ϳ͘/ŚĂǀĞĂŶŽůĚŚĂƌĚĐŽǀĞƌďŽŽŬĂďŽƵƚ
ĂŚůďĞƌŐ͕'͕͘DŽƐƐ͕W͕͘ĂŶĚWĞŶĐĞ͕͘;ϮϬϬϳͿ͘ĞǇŽŶĚƋƵĂůŝƚǇŝŶĞĂƌůǇĐŚŝůĚŚŽŽĚ
ŚŝƐƚŚŝŶŬŝŶŐƌĞŐĂƌĚŝŶŐĐůŝĞŶƚͲĐĞŶƚƌĞĚƚŚĞƌĂƉǇ͕ǁŚŝĐŚďĞůŽŶŐĞĚ ĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĂŶĚĐĂƌĞ͗ĂƉŽƐƚŵŽĚĞƌŶƉĞƌƐƉĞĐƟǀĞ͘ZŽƵƚůĞĚŐĞͬ&ĂůŵĞƌ͘
ƚŽ ŵǇ ŵŽƚŚĞƌ ʹ ĂĐƋƵŝƌĞĚ ƐŽŵĞǁŚĞƌĞ ĂůŽŶŐ ŚĞƌ ũŽƵƌŶĞǇ͕ ĞůĞƵǌĞ͕ '͘ ĂŶĚ 'ƵĂƩĂƌŝ͕ &͘ ;ϭϵϴϳͿ͘ dŚŽƵƐĂŶĚ WůĂƚĞĂƵƐ͘ hŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ ŽĨ
DŝŶŶĞƐŽƚĂWƌĞƐƐ͘
ƚĞĂĐŚŝŶŐĞǀĞƌǇǇĞĂƌĨƌŽŵŬŝŶĚĞƌŐĂƌƚĞŶƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƵŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇĂƚ
ƐŽŵĞƐƚĂŐĞͿ͘ĞĂƌZĞĂĚĞƌʹǇŽƵŚĂǀĞƌƵŶŝŶƚŽƚŚĞƐĞŝĚĞĂƐĂƚ &ůĞĞƚ͕͕͘ΘĂŵďŽƵƌŶĞ͕͘;ϭϵϴϵͿ͘dŚĞĐŽĚŝŶŐŽĨŶĂƚƵƌĂůŝƐƟĐĚĂƚĂ͘ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚŝŶ
ĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ͕ϰϭ;ϭͿ͕ϭʹϭϱ͘ŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬĚŽŝ͘ŽƌŐͬϭϬ͘ϭϭϳϳͬϬϬϯϰϱϮϯϳϴϵϬϰϭϬϬϭϬϭ
ƐŽŵĞƉŽŝŶƚ͕ƚŚŽƵŐŚǇŽƵŵĂǇŶŽƚƌĞĂůŝƐĞƚŚĞŝƌƐŽƵƌĐĞ͘tŚŝůĞ
&ůĞĞƚ͕ ͘ ĂŶĚ WĂƩĞƌƐŽŶ͘ ͘ ;ϮϬϮϮͿ͘ dĞǆƚƵĂů ĂŶĂůǇƐŝƐ ƐƉĞĂŬƐ͗ WĞĚĂŐŽŐŝĐĂů
ǁƌŝƟŶŐ ĂďŽƵƚ ŚƵŵĂŶ ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂů͕ ZŽŐĞƌƐ ĂĚǀŝƐĞƐ ƵƐ ƚŽ ĂǀŽŝĚ
ĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ ĂƐ ƌĞůĂƟŽŶĂů ƉĞĚĂŐŽŐǇ͘ ůďĞƌƚĂ :ŽƵƌŶĂů ŽĨ ĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĂů
ĚŝƌĞĐƚĐŚĂůůĞŶŐĞƐǁŚĞŶƚƌǇŝŶŐƚŽĚĞďĂƚĞĂŶŝĚĞĂƐŽƚŚĂƚ͕ǁŚĞŶ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ͘ϲϴ;ϰͿtŝŶƚĞƌϭͲϭϵ͘
ŽīĞŶĚĞĚ͕ ƌĂƚŚĞƌ ƚŚĂŶ ƐƚƌŝŬŝŶŐ ŽƵƚ ǁŝƚŚ͗ ͚zŽƵ ĂƌĞ͙͛ Žƌ ͚zŽƵ &ůĞĞƚ͕ ͘ ĂŶĚ WĂƩĞƌƐŽŶ͘ ͘ ;ϭϵϵϴͿ͘ ĞǇŽŶĚ ƚŚĞ ďŽǆĞƐ͗ WůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ĨŽƌ ƌĞĂů
ĐĂŶ͛ƚƐĂǇƐŽŵĞƚŚŝŶŐůŝŬĞƚŚĂƚ͙͕͛ƚŚĞŚĞĂƚŝƐƚĂŬĞŶŽƵƚŽĨƚŚĞ ŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞ ĂŶĚ ůŝǀĞ ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͘ ƵƐƚƌĂůŝĂŶ :ŽƵƌŶĂů ŽĨ ĂƌůǇ ŚŝůĚŚŽŽĚ͘ Ϯϯ ;ϰͿ͘
ĞŶĐŽƵŶƚĞƌŝĨƉŚƌĂƐĞĚĨƌŽŵŽŶĞ͛ƐŽǁŶƉĞƌƐƉĞĐƟǀĞ͕ĨŽƌĞǆĂŵƉůĞ͕ ĞĐ͘ϯϭͲϯϱ͘
͚/ĮŶĚŝƚƚƌŝĐŬǇƚŽƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚ͙͕͛Žƌ͚dŚĂƚ͛ƐĂƉŽŝŶƚŽĨǀŝĞǁƚŚĂƚ 'ƌĂǀĞƐ͕͘,͘;ϭϵϴϯͿ͘tƌŝƟŶŐ͗dĞĂĐŚĞƌƐĂŶĚĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶĂƚǁŽƌŬ͘Z/
<Ăƚǌ͕>͘;ϭϵϵϯͿ͘ŝƐƉŽƐŝƟŽŶƐ͗ĞĮŶŝƟŽŶƐĂŶĚŝŵƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶƐĨŽƌĞĂƌůǇĐŚŝůĚŚŽŽĚ
/͛ůůŶĞĞĚƚŽƚŚŝŶŬŵŽƌĞĂďŽƵƚ͛͘;zŽƵƉƌŽďĂďůǇƌĞŵĞŵďĞƌĂĚǀŝĐĞ
ƉƌĂĐƟĐĞƐ͘WĞƌƐƉĞĐƟǀĞƐĨƌŽŵZ/ͬ͗ŵŽŶŽŐƌĂƉŚƐĞƌŝĞƐ͕EŽ͘ϰ͘Z/͘
ĂďŽƵƚƚŚĂƚŬŝŶĚŽĨŵĂŶŽĞƵǀƌŝŶŐ͙Ϳ͘ƐŵŽƚŚĞƌǁĂƐĂůŝĐĞŶƐĞĚ
>ĞŶǌͲdĂŐƵĐŚŝ͕ ,͘ ;ϮϬϭϬͿ͘ 'ŽŝŶŐ ďĞǇŽŶĚ ƚŚĞ ƚŚĞŽƌǇͬƉƌĂĐƟĐĞ ĚŝǀŝĚĞ ŝŶ ĞĂƌůǇ
ĐŽƵŶƐĞůůŽƌ;ǁŽƌŬŝŶŐŝŶĂũƵŶŝŽƌŚŝŐŚƐĐŚŽŽůĨŽƌƐĞǀĞƌĂůǇĞĂƌƐ͕ ĐŚŝůĚŚŽŽĚĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ͗/ŶƚƌŽĚƵĐŝŶŐĂŶŝŶƚƌĂͲĂĐƟǀĞƉĞĚĂŐŽŐǇ͘ZŽƵƚůĞĚŐĞ͘
ďƵƚ ĂůƐŽ ĂĚĞƉƚ ǁŝƚŚ ĂĚƵůƚƐͿ͕ ƚŚĞ ƌĞůĞǀĂŶĐĞ ŽĨ ƚŚŝƐ ĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚ
>ǇŶĚŽŶ͕ ͘ ĂŶĚ DŽŽƌĞ͕ ͘t͘ ;ϭϵϵϲͿ͘ ŚĂŵďĞƌƐ ĨŽƌ Ă ŵĞŵŽƌǇ ƉĂůĂĐĞ͘ D/d
ďĞĐŽŵĞƐ ĐůĞĂƌ͘ dŚĞ ƚŚĞŽƌǇ ŝƐ͕ ŝŶ ĞǀĞƌǇĚĂǇ ƚĞƌŵƐ͕ ƚŚĂƚ ǁĞ WƌĞƐƐ͘
ƐƚƌŝŬĞďĂĐŬǁŚĞŶĂƩĂĐŬĞĚďƵƚĂƌĞƌĞĐĞƉƟǀĞƚŽƚŚĞƉŽƐƐŝďŝůŝƚǇ
ZŝŶĂůĚŝ͕ ͘ ;ϮϬϬϲͿ͘ /Ŷ ĚŝĂůŽŐƵĞ ǁŝƚŚ ZĞŐŐŝŽ ŵŝůŝĂ͗ >ŝƐƚĞŶŝŶŐ͕ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚŝŶŐ͕
ŝĨ ŽƵƌ ĐŽůůĞĂŐƵĞ ŝƐ ͚ŵƵƐŝŶŐ͛ ǁŝƚŚ ƵƐ͊ ŽĞƐ ƚŚĞ ƚŚĞŽƌǇ ŚĂǀĞ ůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ͘ZŽƵƚůĞĚŐĞ͘
ƚŽ ďĞ ůĂďĞůůĞĚ ƚŽ ďĞ ƵƐĞĨƵů͍ ;Ğ͘Ő͕͘ ͚ŚƵŵĂŶŝƐƚ͛ ƌĂƚŚĞƌ ƚŚĂŶ
ZŽŐĞƌƐ͕͘Z͕͘ΘtŽŽĚ͕:͘<͘;ϭϵϳϰͿ͘ůŝĞŶƚͲĐĞŶƚĞƌĞĚƚŚĞŽƌǇ͗ĂƌůZ͘ZŽŐĞƌƐ͘/Ŷ
͚ďĞŚĂǀŝŽƌŝƐƚ͛ŝŶƚŚŝƐĐĂƐĞ͖ƉƌŽďĂďůǇŶŽƚͿ͘ ͘ƵƌƚŽŶ;Ě͘Ϳ͕KƉĞƌĂƟŽŶĂůƚŚĞŽƌŝĞƐŽĨƉĞƌƐŽŶĂůŝƚǇ͘ƌƵŶŶĞƌͬDĂǌĞů͘
^ŽũĂ͕ ͘ ;ϭϵϵϲͿ dŚŝƌĚƐƉĂĐĞ͗ :ŽƵƌŶĞǇƐ ƚŽ >ŽƐ ŶŐĞůĞƐ ĂŶĚ ŽƚŚĞƌ ƌĞĂůͲĂŶĚͲ
ŵ / ƚĂůŬŝŶŐ ĂďŽƵƚ ƉĞŽƉůĞ ŵŽƌĞ ƚŚĂŶ ƚŚĞŽƌŝĞƐ͍ WĞƌŚĂƉƐ͘ ŝŵĂŐŝŶĞĚƉůĂĐĞƐ͘ůĂĐŬǁĞůů͘
DǇǁŽƌůĚǀŝĞǁŝƐƌĞůĂƟŽŶĂůʹƐŽ/ĞŵďĞĚŵǇƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐƐ sǇŐŽƚƐŬǇ͕ >͘ ^͘ ;ϭϵϴϬͿ͘ DŝŶĚ ŝŶ ^ŽĐŝĞƚǇ͗ dŚĞ ĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ ŽĨ ,ŝŐŚĞƌ
ŽĨ ƚŚĞŽƌǇ ǁŝƚŚŝŶͬĂůŽŶŐƐŝĚĞ ƚŚĞ ƉĞŽƉůĞ ǁŚŽ ŚĂǀĞ ƐŚĂƌĞĚ WƐǇĐŚŽůŽŐŝĐĂůWƌŽĐĞƐƐĞƐ͘,ĂƌǀĂƌĚhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇWƌĞƐƐ͘
ƚŚĞƐĞ ƉĞƌĐĞƉƟŽŶƐ ǁŝƚŚ ŵĞ ;ϮϬϮϮͿ͘ ,ĂǀĞ / ĐĂƚĂůŽŐƵĞĚ ĞǀĞƌǇ
ƚŚĞŽƌĞƟĐĂůƉĞƌƐƉĞĐƟǀĞƚŚĂƚŚĂƐŝŶŇƵĞŶĐĞĚŵĞ͍WƌŽďĂďůǇŶŽƚ͕
ĂƐ ŵǇ ĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚ ŝƐ ŵƵůƟͲŵŽĚĂů͕ ƉĞƌŚĂƉƐ ĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚŝŶŐ ƐŽĐŝĂů
the idea of materials as agentic
ĐŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƟŽŶŝƐŵ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ Ă ƉŽƐƚͲƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĂů ĨƌĂŵĞ ;͊Ϳ͘ ĂŶ completely captures my imagination.
ŽŶĞ ůĞĂƌŶ Ă ƚŚĞŽƌǇ ǁŝƚŚŽƵƚ ƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ƉĞŽƉůĞ ŵŽƐƚ Seeing ‘resources’ (and trees, and sand
ĂƐƐŽĐŝĂƚĞĚ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚŽƐĞ ŝĚĞĂƐ͍ WƌŽďĂďůǇ͕ ďƵƚ ŶŽƚ ŝŶ ƐƵĐŚ ĂŶ and…) as agentic has been a wonderful
ŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐǁĂǇ͊
gift in my view of the world!
35
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air...
In ever y raindrop, ever y cloud
Spring is in the air
In the blueness of the skies
Time to refresh, revive, revitalise!
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alivebody.com.au
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WZKdd/KEWZ< danmurphys.com.au
uniqlo.com/au
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36
PLAYING WITH
‘PEDADOGGY’…
DR RED RUBY SCARLET
EARLY CHILDHOOD RESEARCHER & CONSULTANT
‘How would we sort things out? Canid, hominid; pet, professor; t,dZt>>E^^K'^͍
bitch, woman; animal, human; athlete, handler. One of us has tĞůůŶĞƐƐ ĚŽŐƐ͕ ĂůƐŽ ŬŶŽǁŶ ĂƐ ͚ƚŚĞƌĂƉǇ ĐĂŶŝŶĞƐ͕͛ ĐĂŶ ďĞ ĂŶ
ĂŵŝĐƌŽĐŚŝƉŝŶũĞĐƚĞĚƵŶĚĞƌŚĞƌŶĞĐŬƐŬŝŶĨŽƌŝĚĞŶƟĮĐĂƟŽŶ͖ƚŚĞ ĞīĞĐƟǀĞĂŶĚǀĂůƵĂďůĞĂĚĚŝƟŽŶƚŽĞĂƌůǇĐŚŝůĚŚŽŽĚĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĂů
other has a photo ID California driver’s license. One of us has ƐĞƫŶŐƐ͘dŚĞƉƌĞƐĞŶĐĞŽĨĂƚƌĂŝŶĞĚƚŚĞƌĂƉǇĚŽŐĐĂŶƉƌŽǀŝĚĞ
ĂǁƌŝƩĞŶƌĞĐŽƌĚŽĨŚĞƌĂŶĐĞƐƚŽƌƐĨŽƌƚǁĞŶƚǇŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶƐ͖ŽŶĞ ŶƵŵĞƌŽƵƐ ďĞŶĞĮƚƐ ƚŽ ǇŽƵŶŐ ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͕ ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐ ƉŚǇƐŝĐĂů͕
of us does not know her grandparents’ names. One of us, a ĞŵŽƟŽŶĂů͕ĂŶĚƐŽĐŝĂůďĞŶĞĮƚƐ͗
ƉƌŽĚƵĐƚŽĨǀĂƐƚŐĞŶĞƟĐŵŝǆƚƵƌĞ͕ŝƐĐĂůůĞĚ͞ƉƵƌĞďƌĞĚ͘͟KŶĞŽĨ
ƵƐ͕ĞƋƵĂůůǇĂƉƌŽĚƵĐƚŽĨǀĂƐƚŵŝǆƚƵƌĞ͕ŝƐĐĂůůĞĚ͞ǁŚŝƚĞ͘͟ĂĐŚŽĨ ϭ͘ ŵŽƟŽŶĂůƐƵƉƉŽƌƚʹĚĞǀĞůŽƉŝŶŐĞŵƉĂƚŚǇ͕ƌĞƐƉŽŶƐŝďŝůŝƚǇ͕
ƚŚĞƐĞ ŶĂŵĞƐ ĚĞƐŝŐŶĂƚĞƐ Ă ĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚ ƌĂĐŝĂů ĚŝƐĐŽƵƌƐĞ͕ ĂŶĚ ǁĞ ĐŽŵƉĂƐƐŝŽŶ ĂŶĚ ƌĞůĂƟŽŶĂůŝƚǇ ŽƵƚƐŝĚĞ ŚƵŵĂŶ
ďŽƚŚŝŶŚĞƌŝƚƚŚĞŝƌĐŽŶƐĞƋƵĞŶĐĞƐŝŶŽƵƌŇĞƐŚ͛͘;,ĂƌĂǁĂǇ͕ϮϬϬϯ͕ ƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉƐ͘dŚĞǇĂůƐŽŵĂŬĞĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶůĂƵŐŚ
Ɖ͘ϭϱͿ Ϯ͘ ^ŽĐŝĂůŝƐĂƟŽŶʹĂŶĚƐŽĐŝĂůƐŬŝůůƐƚǁŝǆƚĂŶĚƚǁĞĞŶĐĂŶŝŶĞƐ
ĂŶĚ ŚƵŵĂŶƐ ŽīĞƌ ĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶƐ ŽĨ ĐŽŵƉĂŶŝŽŶƐŚŝƉ ƚŚĂƚ
tŚĞŶŽŶŶĂ,ĂƌĂǁĂǇǁƌŽƚĞŽŵƉĂŶŝŽŶ^ƉĞĐŝĞƐŝŶϮϬϬϯʹƐŚĞ ƐƵƌƉĂƐƐƐŽůĞůǇŚƵŵĂŶŝŶƚĞƌĂĐƟŽŶƐ
ďŝƌƚŚĞĚŝŶƚŽƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚĂůŝƩĞƌŽĨĐƌŝƟƋƵĞŽĨŚƵŵĂŶĂŶĚŶŽŶͲ ϯ͘ WŚǇƐŝĐĂůďĞŶĞĮƚƐʹƉƌŽŵŽƟŶŐŵŽǀĞŵĞŶƚŝŶƌĞůĂƟŽŶǁŝƚŚ
ŚƵŵĂŶ ƌĞůĂƟŽŶĂůŝƚǇ͘ ,Ğƌ ƚŚŝŶŬŝŶŐ ƌĞŇĞĐƚƐ ƉĞƌƐƉĞĐƟǀĞƐ ƚŚĂƚ ŽƚŚĞƌůŝǀŝŶŐƚŚŝŶŐƐ;ŽƵŶƚƌǇ͕ĂŶŝŵĂůƐ͕ŝŶĚŽŽƌĂŶĚŽƵƚĚŽŽƌ
/ŶĚŝŐĞŶŽƵƐƉĞŽƉůĞƐŚĂǀĞďĞĞŶůŝǀŝŶŐĨŽƌƟŵĞŝŵŵĞŵŽƌŝĂů;ƐĞĞ ƉůĂĐĞƐĂŶĚƐƉĂĐĞƐĂƐƚŚĞĐĂŶŝŶĞǁŝůůǀĞŶƚƵƌĞŝŶƚŽŶŽŽŬƐ
ƚŬŝŶƐŽŶ͕ϮϬϬϳͿ͕ĂŶĚƐŚĞŚĂƐĐŽƌƌĞůĂƚĞĚŝƚƚŽŶŽŶͲ/ŶĚŝŐĞŶŽƵƐ ĂŶĚĐƌĂŶĞƐƚŚĂƚŚƵŵĂŶƐŵĂǇŽƌĐĂŶŶŽƚĂĐĐĞƐƐͿ
ŝŶƚĞƌƐƉĞĐŝĞƐƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉƐʹŽƌ͚tŝƚŚ^ŚŝƉƐ͛ĂƐ/ůŝŬĞƚŽĐĂůůƚŚĞŵ͘ ϰ͘ ZĞůĂǆĂƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ƐƚƌĞƐƐ ƌĞĚƵĐƟŽŶ ʹ ůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ ƚŽ ͚ďĞ ǁŝƚŚ͛
/ŶĚŽŝŶŐƚŚŝƐĂƐŶŽŶͲ/ŶĚŝŐĞŶŽƵƐĨŽůŬƐ͕ůŝŬĞŵǇƐĞůĨ͕ĐĂŶďĞŐŝŶƚŽ Žƌ ͚ďĞĐŽŵĞ ǁŝƚŚ͛ ;,ĂƌĂǁĂǇ͕ ϮϬϬϳͿ ŝŶ ŝŶƚĞƌƐƉĞĐŝĞƐ
ŵŽǀĞĂǁĂǇĨƌŽŵƌŽŵĂŶƟĐŝƐŝŶŐ/ŶĚŝŐĞŶŽƵƐǁĂǇƐŽĨŬŶŽǁŝŶŐ͕ ƌĞůĂƟŽŶĂůŝƚǇ ŵĂŬĞƐ ƚŚĞ ĞǆƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ ŽĨ ďŽƚŚ ůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ
ďĞŝŶŐĂŶĚĚŽŝŶŐĂŶĚĂƉƉůǇƚŚĞŵƚŽŽƵƌŽǁŶƐƉĞĐŝĮĐĐŽŶƚĞǆƚƐ͘ ƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉƐ ĂŶĚ ƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ ǁŝƚŚͬŝŶ ƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉƐ
ƉůĞĂƐƵƌĂďůĞ͘
tŚĞŶ/ĂŵĞŶŐĂŐĞĚŝŶ͚ƚŚŝŶŬŝŶŐŵǇƉƌĂĐƟĐĞŝŶƚŽƉůĂĐĞ͕͛/ƚĞŶĚ ϱ͘ /ŵƉƌŽǀĞĚ ĂƩĞŶƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ĨŽĐƵƐ ʹ ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ ĂŶĚ͕ ŝŶĚĞĞĚ͕
ƚŽ ůĞĂŶ ŝŶƚŽ ƚŚĞ ͚ƉŽƐƚ͛ ƚŚĞŽƌŝĞƐ ďĞĐĂƵƐĞ / ĮŶĚ ƚŚĞŵ ŵŽƌĞ ĞĚƵĐĂƚŽƌƐ ďĞŶĞĮƚ ĨƌŽŵ ůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ƚĞĂĐŚŝŶŐ ŝŶ ƉůĂĐĞƐ
ĂƩƵŶĞĚ ƚŽ ŚŽǁ / ĞǆƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ ƚŚĞ ǁŽƌůĚ ĂŶĚ ŵǇ ĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĂů ĂŶĚƐƉĂĐĞƐƚŚĂƚŝŶƚĞŶƟŽŶĂůůǇĞŶŐĂŐĞŝŶƚĞƌƐƉĞĐŝĞƐʹŝŶƚŚŝƐ
ƉƌĂĐƟĐĞ͘ / ĮŶĚ ƚŚĞǇ ŽīĞƌ ŵĞ ƚŚĞ ŵŽƐƚ ƐƉĂĐĞ ƚŽ ďĞ ĐƌĞĂƟǀĞ ĐĂƐĞ͕ĐĂŶŝŶĞĐƵƌƌŝĐƵůƵŵ
ĂŶĚ ƌĞƐƉŽŶƐŝǀĞ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƟĞƐ ĂŶĚ ĚŝīĞƌĞŶĐĞƐ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ
ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƟĞƐŝŶǁŚŝĐŚ/ƉƌĂĐƟĐĞ͘ ĂŶŝŶĞƐĂƌĞŬŶŽǁŶƚŽŚĂǀĞĂƉŽƐŝƟǀĞŝŵƉĂĐƚŽŶĂŶŝŶĚŝǀŝĚƵĂů͛Ɛ
ŵĞŶƚĂůĂŶĚĞŵŽƟŽŶĂůǁĞůůͲďĞŝŶŐ͕ĂŶĚƚŚŝƐŝƐĞƐƉĞĐŝĂůůǇƚƌƵĞ
KŶĞĞǆĂŵƉůĞŽĨŚŽǁƚŚĞƐĞƚŚĞŽƌŝĞƐĂƌĞƉĂƌƚŽĨďŽƚŚƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ĨŽƌǇŽƵŶŐĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͘;ĚĂƉƚĞĚĨƌŽŵ<ĞĞŶ͕ϮϬϮϯͿ
ĂŶĚĂŶĂůǇƐŝƐŝƐĂŶĞǆƋƵŝƐŝƚĞůǇďĞĂƵƟĨƵůƉŝĞĐĞŽĨĐŽƌĞĐƵƌƌŝĐƵůƵŵ
Ăƚ ǆƉůŽƌŝŶŐ dƌĞĞ ĂƌůǇ >ĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ͘ dŚĞǇ ŚĂǀĞ ĞŶŐĂŐĞĚ
ŽƌŶĞƌƐƚŽŶĞ ŽŵƉĂŶŝŽŶƐ͕ ĂŶ ĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĂů ĐŽŶƐƵůƚĂŶĐǇ ƚŚĂƚ
ƚƌĂŝŶƐ ĂŶĚ ŝŶƚƌĂĞŶƚǁŝŶŐůĞ ǁĞůůŶĞƐƐ ĚŽŐƐ ŝŶƚŽ ĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĂů
ĐƵƌƌŝĐƵůƵŵĚĞƐŝŐŶ͘
37
,ĞƌĞŝƐĞůůĂǁŽƌŬŝŶŐ͊zĞƐʹƉĂƌƚŽĨŚĞƌũŽďŝƐƚŽƐůĞĞƉŶĞĂƌŽƌǁŝƚŚĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͊
,ĞƌĞŝŶůŝĞƐƚŚĞĚŝīĞƌĞŶĐĞďĞƚǁĞĞŶƚŚĞǁŽƌŬŽĨŚƵŵĂŶƐĂŶĚƚŚĞǁŽƌŬŽĨ
ĐĂŶŝŶĞƐŝŶĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ͘
KŶĞŽĨĞůůĂ͛ƐũŽďƐŝƐƚŽƵƐĞŚĞƌĞǆƉĞƌƚĐĂŶŝŶĞƐĞŶƐĞƐĂŶĚĚĞƚĞĐƚƚŚĞǀĂƌŝŽƵƐƉŚĞƌŽŵŽŶĞƐŝŶƚŚĞƌŽŽŵĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚǇʹĨŽƌĞǆĂŵƉůĞ͕
ƚŚĞďĞĚƐĂƚƌĞƐƚƟŵĞʹĂŶĚĂƩĂĐŚŚĞƌƐĞůĨƚŽƚŚŽƐĞƚŚĂƚŝŶĚŝĐĂƚĞĂĐŚŝůĚŵĂǇďĞƵŶĚĞƌƐƚƌĞƐƐ͕ĞǆƉĞƌŝĞŶĐŝŶŐĂŶǆŝĞƚǇŽƌƐƚƌƵŐŐůŝŶŐ
ƚŽƐĞƩůĞ͘dŚĞǇĐŽƵůĚĂůƐŽũƵƐƚďĞŚĂǀŝŶŐĂďĂĚĚĂǇ͘ĞůůĂǁŝůůƚŚĞŶŶĂǀŝŐĂƚĞǁŝƚŚŚĞƌƚƌĂŝŶĞĚŚĂŶĚůĞƌŚĞƌǇů;ǁŚŽŝƐƚƌĂŝŶĞĚŝŶ
ďŽƚŚĐĂŶŝŶĞĐƵƌƌŝĐƵůƵŵĂŶĚĞĂƌůǇĐŚŝůĚŚŽŽĚĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶͿ͕ƚŽĐŽŵĨŽƌƚƚŚĞĐŚŝůĚďǇĞŝƚŚĞƌƐůĞĞƉŝŶŐŶĞǆƚƚŽ͕ǁŝƚŚŽƌŽŶƚŚĞĐŚŝůĚ͘dŚĞ
ĐŚŝůĚŚĂƐĂŐĞŶĐǇŝŶƚŚŝƐŶĞŐŽƟĂƟŽŶ͕ĂŶĚƚŽŐĞƚŚĞƌƚŚĞƚŚƌĞĞ;ĐŚŝůĚ͕ĞĚƵĐĂƚŽƌĂŶĚĚŽŐͿŐĞŶƚůǇĚĞĐŝĚĞŚŽǁŚĞƌ͚ǁĞůůŶĞƐƐ͛ŝƐďĞƐƚ
ĞŶĂĐƚĞĚŝŶƚŚĂƚŵŽŵĞŶƚ͘
ĞůůĂĂůƐŽƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƚĞƐŝŶĂůůĐůĂƐƐƌŽŽŵůŝĨĞʹƚŚŽƐĞƐƚŽƌŝĞƐĂƌĞĨŽƌĂŶŽƚŚĞƌƟŵĞ͘
^Ž͕ůĞƚ͛ƐƚƵƌŶƚŽƉƵƚƉŽƐƚͲŚƵŵĂŶŝƐŵƚŽǁŽƌŬŝŶƚŚŝƐĞǆĂŵƉůĞ͘ǇĂƐŬŝŶŐƚŚĞĨŽůůŽǁŝŶŐƋƵĞƐƟŽŶƐ͕ǁĞďĞŐŝŶƚŽĚŝǀĞŝŶƚŽ͚ĐŽƵŶƟŶŐ
ĐĂŶŝŶĞŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞĂƐǀĂůŝĚ͛͘
tŚŽĂŶĚǁŚĂƚĚŽĞƐƚŚĞƚĞĂĐŚŝŶŐ͍;'ŝƵŐŶŝͬ^ĐĂƌůĞƚ͕ϮϬϭϭͿ
tŚŽĂŶĚǁŚĂƚĞůƐĞŝƐŚĞƌĞǁŝƚŚƵƐ͍;^ĐĂƌůĞƚ͕'ŝĂŵŝŶƵƟΘ&ĂƌŐŚĞƌ͕ϮϬϮϬͿ
tŚĂƚŚĂƉƉĞŶƐǁŚĞŶǁĞĞŵďƌĂĐĞƚŚĞ͚ŵĂŶǇƚĞĂĐŚĞƌƐ͛ƚŚĂƚĐƌĞĂƚĞĂŶĚĂƌĞŶĞƐƚĞĚǁŝƚŚŝŶŽƵƌĐƵƌƌŝĐƵůƵŵĚĞƐŝŐŶƐ͍;^ĐĂƌůĞƚ͕
ϮϬϮϬͿ
ǇĂƐŬŝŶŐƚŚĞƐĞŬŝŶĚƐŽĨƋƵĞƐƟŽŶƐ͕ǇŽƵďĞŐŝŶƚŽƵŶƌĂǀĞůƚŚĞ͚ƉĞĚĂŐŽŐŝĐĂů͛ƉƌĂĐƟĐĞƐƚŚĂƚƌĞƋƵŝƌĞƐŽŵĞƚŚŝŶŐŵŽƌĞƚŚĂŶŚƵŵĂŶ͘
dŚĞƐĞƋƵĞƐƟŽŶƐĂƌĞŽŶĞǁĂǇƚŽĞůŝĐŝƚĞĚƵĐĂƚŽƌƐƚŽƌĞĐŽŐŶŝƐĞƚŚĞŵƵůƟƚƵĚĞŽĨ͚ƚŚƌŽǁͲƚŽŐĞƚŚĞƌ͛ƐƉĞĐŝĞƐĂŶĚƚŚŝŶŐƐƚŚĂƚĂƌĞĂůů
ŶĞĐĞƐƐĂƌǇŝŶĐƵƌƌŝĐƵůƵŵĚĞƐŝŐŶĂŶĚŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ͘
38
tŚŝĐŚƚŚĞŽƌŝĞƐĚŽĞƐƚŚŝƐĞŶƚǁŝŶŐůĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞz>&͍ dŚŝƐ ŝƐ ĞŶŽƵŐŚ ƚŽ ĐŽŶǀŝŶĐĞ ŵĞ ƚŚĂƚ ŚƵŵĂŶƐ ĂƌĞ ĐŽŵƉůĞƚĞůǇ
ŝŶƚƌĂĚĞƉĞŶĚĞŶƚǁŝƚŚƚŚĞƉůĂŶĞƚƚŽƐƵƌǀŝǀĞĂŶĚƚŚƌŝǀĞ͘
WĂŐĞϭϯʹŵǇŶĞǁƉĞĚĂŐŽŐŝĐĂůůŽǀĞĂīĂŝƌ;ďǇĞͲďǇĞWĂŐĞϭϭͿŝƐ
ĂŚĞĂƌƚǇƚƌĞĂƐƵƌĞƚƌŽǀĞŽĨŝĚĞĂƐ͘dŚĞƌĞŝƐŶŽƉƌĂĐƟĐĞǁŝƚŚŽƵƚ ^ŽǁŚĂƚĚŽĞƐƚŚŝƐůŽŽŬůŝŬĞŝŶĂĐůĂƐƐƌŽŽŵ͍
ĂŶŝĚĞĂ͘^Ž͕ƚŚŝƐƚƌĞĂƐƵƌĞƚƌŽǀĞŝƐĂŐůŝŵƉƐĞŝŶƚŽƚŚĞŝĚĞĂƐƚŚĂƚ
ƐŚĂƉĞŽƵƌƉĞĚĂŐŽŐŝĐĂůƉƌĂĐƟĐĞƐĂŶĚĐƵƌƌŝĐƵůƵŵĚĞƐŝŐŶ͘ tĞůů͕ŝƚŝƐĞǀĞƌǇǁŚĞƌĞ͊DŽŶƚĞƐƐŽƌŝ͕^ƚĞŝŶĞƌ͕&ƌŽďĞůĂŶĚůĂƚĞƌ
ĞǁĞǇĂŶĚ'ĂŶĚŝŶŝĂůůƉůĂĐĞĚŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶĐĞŽŶ͚ƚŚĞĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚ
^ŽŵĞŽĨƚŚĞĞǆŝƐƟŶŐĂŶĚŶĞǁĂĚĚŝƟŽŶƐŝŶĐůƵĚĞ͗ ĂŶĚ ƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐ ĂƐ ͚ƚŚŝƌĚ ƚĞĂĐŚĞƌƐ͛ ;'ĂŶĚŝŶŝ͕ ϮϬϭϭͿ͕ ďƵƚ ƚŚĞǇ
ĂīŽƌĚĂŶĐĞƚŚĞŽƌǇ ĚŝĚŶ͛ƚĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚƚŚĞ͚ŶĞƐƐŶĞƐƐ͛;ƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇʹƚŚĞƋƵŝŶƚĞƐƐĞŶĐĞ
ƉƌĂĐƟĐĞĂƌĐŚŝƚĞĐƚƵƌĞƐ ŽĨ ďĞŝŶŐͿ ŽĨ ƚŚĞŵ ŝŶ ƚŚĞŝƌ ŽǁŶ ƌŝŐŚƚ͘ dŚĞǇ ƐƟůů ŽƉĞƌĂƚĞĚ ŝŶ
ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞ ƚŽ ŚƵŵĂŶƐ ŝŶ ŚƵŵĂŶŝƐƚ ƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĞƐ ƚŚĂƚ ŝŵƉůŝĐŝƚůǇ
ĂŶĐĞƐƚƌĂůŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞƐ
ĐĞŶƚƌĞ ƚŚĞ ŚƵŵĂŶ ĂƐ ƚŚĞ ŵŽƐƚ ŝŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶƚ ďĞŝŶŐƐ ǁŚŽ ĐŽƵůĚ
ƉůĂĐĞͲďĂƐĞĚƐĐŝĞŶĐĞƐ ŵĂƐƚĞƌ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵŵĂŶĚ ŶŽŶͲŚƵŵĂŶ ďƵŝůĚŝŶŐƐ͕ ƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐ ĂŶĚ
ĨĞŵŝŶŝƐƚĂŶĚƉŽƐƚͲƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĂůŝƐƚ ŵĂƚĞƌŝĂůƐ͘
ƵƐƚƌĂůŝĂŶ 'ŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚ ĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚ ŽĨ ĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ ΀'΁͕
ϮϬϮϮ͕Ɖ͘ϭϯ WŽƐƚŚƵŵĂŶŝƐƚ ƚŚĞŽƌŝĞƐ ĐĂƉƚƵƌĞ ƚŚĞ ͚ĂīŽƌĚĂŶĐĞ͛ ŽĨ Ăůů ƚŚŝŶŐƐ
ĂŶĚƚŚĞǁŽƌŬƚŚĂƚƚŚĞǇĚŽƚŽŐĞƚŚĞƌ͘^Ž͕ĚŽŐƐŚĂǀĞŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞ
dŚĞǇĂƌĞĂůůǁŽƌƚŚůŽŽŬŝŶŐƵƉ͘dŚĞǇĂƌĞĂůƐŽĂůůǁŽƌůĚǀŝĞǁƐ͕ ƚŚĂƚ ŚƵŵĂŶƐ ĚŽŶ͛ƚ͘ &ůŽŽƌƐ͕ ŇŽǁĞƌƐ͕ ĨĞĂƚŚĞƌƐ͕ ĂŶǇƚŚŝŶŐ
ƚŚĞŽƌŝĞƐ ĂŶĚ ƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĞƐ ƚŚĂƚ ĂƉƉĞĂƌ ŝŶ ŝŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂů ĞĂƌůǇ ĂŶĚ ĞǀĞƌǇƚŚŝŶŐ ŚĂƐ ŝƚƐ ŽǁŶ ŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞ ĂŶĚ ĞǆƉĞƌƟƐĞ͘
ĐŚŝůĚŚŽŽĚ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĂŶĚ ŚĂǀĞ ĨŽƌ ĚĞĐĂĚĞƐ͘ dŚŝƐ ŵĞĂŶƐ ƚŚĂƚ WŽƐƚŚƵŵĂŶŝƐŵ ĂůƐŽ ƌĞũĞĐƚƐ ƚŚĞ ĂŶƚŚƌŽƉŽŵŽƌƉŚŝƐĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ
ƚŚĞz>&ŝƐŶŽǁƌĞŇĞĐƟŶŐƚŚĞŝĚĞĂƐƚŚĂƚƐŚĂƉĞƉƌĂĐƟĐĞŵŽƌĞ ƉůĂĐĞƐ͕ĂŶŝŵĂůƐĂŶĚƚŚŝŶŐƐʹƚŚŝƐŵĞĂŶƐƚŚĂƚǁŚĞŶǁĞĐƌĞĂƚĞ
ĂĐĐƵƌĂƚĞůǇ͘ ŚƵŵĂŶŝƐƚ ǀĞƌƐŝŽŶƐ ŽĨ ĂŶŝŵĂůƐ ;ĂƐ ŽŶĞ ĞǆĂŵƉůĞͿ͕ ǁĞ ĂƌĞ
ĐƌĞĂƟŶŐƚŚĞŵŽƵƚŽĨƚŚĞŝƌŽǁŶĐƵůƚƵƌĞĂŶĚŝŶƚŽĂŚƵŵĂŶŝƐƚ
dŚĞ ƉĞƌƐƉĞĐƟǀĞƐ ůŝƐƚĞĚ ĂďŽǀĞ Ăůů ƚǁŝŶŬůĞ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ƚŚĞ ŽŶĞ͘&ŽƌŝŶƐƚĂŶĐĞʹĚŽŐƐĂƌĞŶ͛ƚŽƵƌďĂďŝĞƐ;ǇĞƐ͕/ƐĂŝĚŝƚ͊Ϳ͕ƚŚĞǇ
ƉĂƌĂĚŝŐŵƐ/ƉƌĞĚŽŵŝŶĂŶƚůǇĞŶŐĂŐĞŝŶŵǇƉƌĂĐƟĐĞ͘/ŶĂƵŐŚƟůǇ ĂƌĞ ŽƵƌ ͚ĐŽŵƉĂŶŝŽŶ ƐƉĞĐŝĞƐ͛ ;,ĂƌĂǁĂǇ͕ ϮϬϬϴͿ͕ ĂŶĚ ǁĞ ĂƌĞ
ŐƌŽƵƉ ƚŚĞŵ ŚĞƌĞ ŝŶ Ă ƐƋƵŝŐŐůǇ ŝŵďƌŽŐůŝŽ ƚŚĂƚ /͛ŵ ĐĂůůŝŶŐ intrarelated withƚŚĞŵ͘
͚ƉŽƐƚŚƵŵĂŶŝƐŵ͛͘
ĞůůĂ ŝƐ ŽŶĞ ĞǆĂŵƉůĞ ŽĨ ŚŽǁ ƉŽƐƚŚƵŵĂŶ ƉĞƌƐƉĞĐƟǀĞƐ ǁŽƌŬ
tŚĂƚŝƐƉŽƐƚŚƵŵĂŶŝƐŵ͍ ŝŶ ƉƌĂĐƟĐĞ͘ ůů ƚŚĂƚ ŝƐ ƌĞƋƵŝƌĞĚ ŝƐ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ŚƵŵĂŶ ĞĚƵĐĂƚŽƌƐ
ƚŽƌĞĐŽŐŶŝƐĞƚŚĂƚĚŽŐƐŚĂǀĞŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞƚŚĂƚŚƵŵĂŶƐĚŽŶ͛ƚʹ
WŽƐƚŚƵŵĂŶ ƚŚĞŽƌŝĞƐ ĂƌĞŶ͛ƚ ƌĞĂůůǇ ƚŚĞŽƌŝĞƐ͘ dŚĞǇ ĂƌĞ ƚŚĞ ƚŚĞƌĞŝŶůŝĞƐƚŚĞďĞŐŝŶŶŝŶŐŽĨƌĞĐŽŐŶŝƐŝŶŐƚŚĂƚǁŚĞŶǁĞĞŶŐĂŐĞ
ĐĂƉƚƵƌĞŽĨƚŚĞŵƵůƟƚƵĚĞŽĨƌĞůĂƟŽŶĂůŝƚǇƚǁŝǆƚĂŶĚƚǁĞĞŶĂůů ƚŚŝƐ ǁĂǇ ŽĨ ǁŽƌŬŝŶŐ͕ ŽƵƌ ƚŚŝŶŬŝŶŐ ŝƐ ĞǆƉĂŶƐŝǀĞ ĂŶĚ ŵŽƌĞ
ƚŚŝŶŐƐůŝǀŝŶŐĂŶĚŝŶĂŶŝŵĂƚĞʹŽƌŚƵŵĂŶĂŶĚŶŽŶͲŚƵŵĂŶ͘dŚŝƐ ĂĐĐƵƌĂƚĞůǇƌĞŇĞĐƟǀĞŽĨĂůůƚŚĞƐƉĞĐŝĞƐĂŶĚƚŚŝŶŐƐŝŶƉůĂĐĞƚŚĂƚ
ŝƐ ĂŶ ĞǆĂŵƉůĞ ŽĨ ǁŚǇ / ŚĂǀĞ ĚĞƉĂƌƚĞĚ ĨƌŽŵ ƐŽůĞůǇ ĞŶŐĂŐŝŶŐ ǁĞƌĞůǇŽŶĂŶĚĐĂŶůĞĂƌŶĨƌŽŵŝŶŐĞŶĞƌĂƟǀĞĐƵƌƌŝĐƵůƵŵĚĞƐŝŐŶ͘
ŝŶ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚĂů ĂŶĚ ƐŽĐŝŽĐƵůƚƵƌĂů ƉĞƌƐƉĞĐƟǀĞƐ ĂůŽŶĞ
ďĞĐĂƵƐĞƚŚĞǇĨŽĐƵƐƐƉĞĐŝĮĐĂůůǇŽŶŚƵŵĂŶƐʹĂŶĚĂƐĨĂƌĂƐ/ĐĂŶ ĐŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐŵĞŶƚƐ͗
ƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚ͕ŚƵŵĂŶƐĂƌĞŶŽƚƐŝŶŐƵůĂƌ͕ƵŶŝƚĂƌǇďĞŝŶŐƐʹŝŶĚĞĞĚ dŚŝƐĂƌƟĐůĞǁĂƐǁƌŝƩĞŶŽŶďĞĂƵƟĨƵů'ĂĚŝŐĂůŽƵŶƚƌǇ
ʹ ǁĞŶĞĞĚ Ăŝƌ ƚŽ ďƌĞĂƚŚĞ͕ǁĂƚĞƌƚŽ ƐƵƌǀŝǀĞ͕ĨŽŽĚ ƚŽ ŶŽƵƌŝƐŚ dŚĂŶŬ ǇŽƵ ƚŽ ZŽďǇŶ >ĞŐŐĞ͕ DĂŶĂŐŝŶŐ ŝƌĞĐƚŽƌ ŽĨ ǆƉůŽƌŝŶŐ
ĂŶĚƐŽŽŶ͘&ƵƌƚŚĞƌĂŶĂůǇƐŝƐŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞƐƚŽƵƐƚŚĂƚĨŽŽĚĚŽĞƐŶ͛ƚ dƌĞĞ͕ ĂŶĚ <ƌǇƐƟŶĞ <ĞĞŶ͕ DĂŶĂŐŝŶŐ ŝƌĞĐƚŽƌ ŽĨ ŽƌŶĞƌƐƚŽŶĞ
ũƵƐƚ ŵĂŐŝĐĂůůǇ ĂƉƉĞĂƌ ŝŶ ĨƌŽŶƚ ŽĨ ƵƐ ʹ ĨŽŽĚ ŶĞĞĚƐ ŽƵŶƚƌǇ Companions
ƚŽůŝǀĞĂŶĚŐƌŽǁŽŶĂŶĚǁŝƚŚŝŶ͕ƐƵŶůŝŐŚƚ;ŝŶŵŽƐƚĐĂƐĞƐʹƐŽ
ŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚ ŶŽƚ ƚŽ ĞǆĐůƵĚĞ ŵƵƐŚƌŽŽŵƐ͊Ϳ͕ ƐŽŵĞŽŶĞ ƚŽ ƉůĂŶƚ
ƐĞĞĚƐĂŶĚĐĂƌĞĨŽƌĂŶŝŵĂůƐ͕ĨĞĞĚŝŶŐƚŚĞŵƐůĂƵŐŚƚĞƌŝŶŐƚŚĞŵ
ĂŶĚƐŽŽŶ͘tĞĂůƐŽŚĂǀĞĂƌĂŶŐĞŽĨĐƌŝƩĞƌƐǁŚŽůŝǀĞŝŶŽƵƌƐŬŝŶ͘
tĞŚĂǀĞŇŽǁĞƌƐŝŶŽƵƌďŽǁĞůƐ͕ƐŽǁĞĂƌĞĂŚŽƐƚŽƌŐĂŶŝƐŵĨŽƌ
ĂƚŚƌŽŶŐŝŶŐŽĨůŝǀŝŶŐƚŚŝŶŐƐ͘
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ĚǁĂƌĚƐ͕>͘'ĂŶĚŝŶŝΘ'͘&ŽƌŵĂŶ;ĚƐͿdŚĞ,ƵŶĚƌĞĚ>ĂŶŐƵĂŐĞƐŽĨŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͗
dŚĞZĞŐŐŝŽŵŝůŝĂǆƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞŝŶdƌĂŶƐĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶ͘^ĂŶƚĂĂƌďĂƌĂ͕Ͳ>/K͘
,ĂƌĂǁĂǇ͕ ͘ ;ϮϬϬϯͿ dŚĞ ŽŵƉĂŶŝŽŶ ^ƉĞĐŝĞƐ DĂŶŝĨĞƐƚŽ͘ ŚŝĐĂŐŽ͗ WƌŝĐŬůǇ

WĂƌĂĚŝŐŵWƌĞƐƐ͘
,ĂƌĂǁĂǇ͕ ͘ ;ϮϬϬϴͿ͘ tŚĞŶ ƐƉĞĐŝĞƐ ŵĞĞƚ͘ DŝŶŶĞĂƉŽůŝƐ͗ hŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ ŽĨ

DŝŶŶĞƐŽƚĂWƌĞƐƐ͘
<ĞĞŶ͕<͘;ϮϬϮϯͿ͘ŽƌŶĞƌƐƚŽŶĞŽŵƉĂŶŝŽŶƐŽƌĞĂŶŝŶĞƵƌƌŝĐƵůƵŵ͘ǆƉůŽƌŝŶŐ
dƌĞĞĂƌůǇ>ĞĂƌŶŝŶŐƵƌƌŝĐƵůƵŵ;/ŶƚĞƌŶĂůKƌŐĂŶŝƐĂƟŽŶĂůƵƌƌŝĐƵůƵŵͿ͘
^ĐĂƌůĞƚ͕ Z͕ Z͕͘ 'ŝĂŵŝŶƵƟ͕ ^͘ Θ &ĂƌŐŚĞƌ͕ ͘ ;ϮϬϮϬͿ͘ ƌĞĂƟŶŐ ĂŶƟͲďŝĂƐ
ĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚƐ͗ZĞĐŽŶĮŐƵƌŝŶŐƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐǁŝƚŚƉůĂĐĞƐ͘/Ŷ^ĐĂƌůĞƚ͕Z͘Z͘;ϮϬϮϬͿ͘dŚĞ That Music Book
ŶƟͲŝĂƐ ƉƉƌŽĂĐŚ ŝŶ ĂƌůǇ ŚŝůĚŚŽŽĚ ;ƉƉ͘ ϮϵͲϰϬͿ͘ ƌƐŬŝŶĞǀŝůůĞ͗ DƵůƟsĞƌƐĞ
WƵďůŝƐŚŝŶŐ͘
^ĐĂƌůĞƚ͕ Z͘ Z͘ Θ ŽƌĚƵŬĞƐ͕ E͘ ;ϮϬϮϬ͕ ƵŐƵƐƚ ϮϳͿ͘ ƵƌƌŝĐƵůƵŵ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ϮϭƐƚ ƌZĞĚZƵďǇ^ĐĂƌůĞƚ͕>ŽƵŝƐĞ
ĞŶƚƵƌǇ͗ZŽďŽƚƐ͕ƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉƐĂŶĚƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶƐ΀tĞďŝŶĂƌ΁͘dŚĞ/ŶĐůƵƐŝŽŶZŽŽŵ͘
ŚƚƚƉƐ͗ͬͬůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ͘ƚŚĞŝŶĐůƵƐŝŽŶƌŽŽŵ͘ĐŽŵ͘ĂƵͬĐŽƵƌƐĞƐͬƌŽďŽƚƐͲƌĞůĂƚŝŽŶƐŚŝƉƐͲ ŽƌƌĂƚΘĞŶŶǇdŚĂƚĐŚĞƌ
ƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶ
dĂǇůŽƌ͕͘Θ'ŝƵŐŶŝ͕D͘;ϮϬϭϮͿ͘ŽŵŵŽŶǁŽƌůĚƐ͗ZĞĐŽŶĐĞƉƚƵĂůŝƐŝŶŐŝŶĐůƵƐŝŽŶ ͚dŚĂƚDƵƐŝĐŽŽŬ͛ŝƐĂĐŽůůĂďŽƌĂƟŽŶ
ŝŶ ĞĂƌůǇ ĐŚŝůĚŚŽŽĚ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƟĞƐ͘ ŽŶƚĞŵƉŽƌĂƌǇ /ƐƐƵĞƐ ŝŶ ĂƌůǇ ŚŝůĚŚŽŽĚ͕ between three early childhood educators
ϭϯ;ϮͿ͕ƉƉ͘ϭϬϴͲϭϭϵ͘
ǁŚŽĂůƐŽŚĂƉƉĞŶƚŽďĞŵƵƐŝĐŝĂŶƐ;ĂŶĚ
ĚƌĂŵĂƚƵƌŐŝĐĂůƚŚĞƐƉŝĂŶƐ͊Ϳ͘dŚŝƐĨĂďƵůŽƵƐ
ŶĞǁďŽŽŬĂĚĚƌĞƐƐĞƐ͕ŐƵŝĚĞƐĂŶĚƐƵƉƉŽƌƚƐ
ĂůůƚŚŝŶŐƐŵƵƐŝĐĂů͘ŶƟͲŝĂƐ͕ĐƌŽƐƐĐƵůƚƵƌĂů
ĂŶĚ/ŶĚŝŐĞŶŽƵƐƉĞƌƐƉĞĐƟǀĞƐĂƌĞƚǁŝŶŬůĞĚ
ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚŽƵƚƚŽƌĞŇĞĐƚƚŚĞĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƟĞƐ
ĂŶĚĚŝīĞƌĞŶĐĞƐŽĨƚŚĞĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͕ĨĂŵŝůŝĞƐ
Steadfastness, it seems, ĂŶĚĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƟĞƐŝŶŽƵƌĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĂů
ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƟĞƐ͘
is more about dogs than about us.
One of the reasons we We know that music is the universal language
love them so much… of the world and children learn best through
ŵƵƐŝĐĂŶĚĚƌĂŵĂ͘/ƚŝƐĂŵƵƐƚƌĞĂĚĨŽƌĂŶǇŽŶĞ
Because of the dog’s joyfulness, ǁŽƌŬŝŶŐǁŝƚŚĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͙
our own is increased.
It is no small gift. WZh,^KWzd
Mary Oliver, Dog Songs Dh>d/sZ^͘KD͘hͬ
WZKhdͬd,dͳDh^/ͳKK<ͬ
40
A FAMILY CENTRED
APPROACH…
IN CONVERSATION WITH JOSH PINCH
PRESCHOOL EQUIPMENT (PSE)
WƌĞƐĐŚŽŽůƋƵŝƉŵĞŶƚ;W^ͿŝƐĂƚŚŝƌĚͲŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶĨĂŵŝůǇďƵƐŝŶĞƐƐʹĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚĞĚŝŶϭϵϵϮďǇǇƌŝůĂŶĚŶŶĂ>ƵƚĐŚŶĞƌ͕ƚŚĞƐĂŵĞǀŝƐŝŽŶ
ĂŶĚĞƚŚŽƐŐƵŝĚĞW^͛ƐĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚƚŽĚĞƐŝŐŶĂŶĚƋƵĂůŝƚǇĐƌĂŌƐŵĂŶƐŚŝƉƚŽĚĂǇ͘
/Ŷ ϭϵϵϮ͕ Ǉƌŝů ĂŶĚ ŶŶĂ >ƵƚĐŚŶĞƌ ǁĞƌĞ ŝŶ ƚŚĞŝƌ ĞĂƌůǇ ƐĞǀĞŶƟĞƐ͘ ^ĞƫŶŐ ƵƉ Ă ďƵƐŝŶĞƐƐ ƚŚŝƐ ůĂƚĞ ŝŶ ůŝĨĞ ǁĂƐ ŶŽ ĞĂƐǇ ƚĂƐŬ͘ Ɛ
ŐƌĂŶĚƉĂƌĞŶƚƐ͕ƚŚĞǇŚĂĚŝĚĞŶƟĮĞĚĂŶŝĐŚĞŵĂƌŬĞƚʹƚŚĞǇǁĞƌĞĐŽŶĐĞƌŶĞĚĂďŽƵƚƚŚĞƋƵĂůŝƚǇŽĨƉůĂǇƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĨŽƌǇŽƵŶŐ
ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͘ŽŶĐĞƌŶĨƵĞůůĞĚƉƵƌƉŽƐĞĂŶĚƉĂƐƐŝŽŶ͕ǁŚŝĐŚůĞĚƚŽĂĐƟŽŶʹŶŶĂƐƚĂƌƚĞĚƐŽƵƌĐŝŶŐďĞĂƵƟĨƵůƟŵďĞƌƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐƚŽƐĞůůĂƚ
ŵĂƌŬĞƚƐ͕ƐŽƚŚĞW^ĞŶƚĞƌƉƌŝƐĞďĞŐĂŶƚŽŐƌŽǁ͘ŶŶĂĂŶĚǇƌŝů͛ƐƐĞŶƐĞŽĨƚŚĞĂĞƐƚŚĞƟĐ͕ĂƉƉƌĞĐŝĂƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞďĞĂƵƚǇŽĨƵƐƚƌĂůŝĂŶ
ƟŵďĞƌ͕ ĂŶĚ ďĞůŝĞĨ ƚŚĂƚ ƵƐƚƌĂůŝĂŶ ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ ĚĞƐĞƌǀĞĚ ƚŚĞ ďĞŶĞĮƚƐ ŽĨ ŚŝŐŚͲƋƵĂůŝƚǇ ƵƐƚƌĂůŝĂŶͲŵĂĚĞ ƟŵďĞƌ ĨƵƌŶŝƚƵƌĞ ƉŽƐŝƟŽŶĞĚ
ƚŚĞŵĐŽŶƚƌĂƌǇƚŽƚŚĞŵĂƌŬĞƚƉůĂĐĞŽĨƚŚĞĚĂǇ͘tŚŝĐŚ͕ƚŚĞǇƌĞĂůŝƐĞĚ͕ǁĂƐƐĂƚƵƌĂƚĞĚǁŝƚŚŵĂƐƐͲƉƌŽĚƵĐĞĚ͕ƉŽŽƌͲƋƵĂůŝƚǇŐŽŽĚƐ͘ŶĚ
ƐŽ͕ƚŽŐĞƚŚĞƌ͕ƚŚĞǇďĞŐĂŶƐĞůůŝŶŐƚŚĞŝƌďĞĂƵƟĨƵůƵƐƚƌĂůŝĂŶͲŵĂĚĞƟŵďĞƌĨƵƌŶŝƚƵƌĞƚŽĞĂƌůǇĐŚŝůĚŚŽŽĚĐĞŶƚƌĞƐ͕ŬŝŶĚĞƌŐĂƌƚĞŶƐĂŶĚ
ƐĐŚŽŽůƐ͘dŚĂƚƉĂƐƐŝŽŶĨŽƌƉƌŽǀŝƐŝŽŶŝŶŐƚŚĞŚŝŐŚĞƐƚƋƵĂůŝƚǇĨƵƌŶŝƚƵƌĞĂŶĚƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĨŽƌŵƐƚŚĞďĂƐŝƐĨŽƌĞǀĞƌǇƚŚŝŶŐW^ĚŽĞƐƚŽĚĂǇ͘
Ɛ ƚŚĞ ďƵƐŝŶĞƐƐ ĞǆƉĂŶĚĞĚ͕ Ǉƌŝů ĂŶĚ ŶŶĂ ƐŽƵƌĐĞĚ ƚŚĞŝƌ ƉƌŽĚƵĐƚƐ ĨƌŽŵ ůŽĐĂů ĐĂƌƉĞŶƚĞƌƐ͕ ĂŶĚ ŶŽƚͲĨŽƌͲƉƌŽĮƚ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚǇͲďĂƐĞĚ
ŽƌŐĂŶŝƐĂƟŽŶƐ͘ WĂƌƚŶĞƌƐŚŝƉ ǁŝƚŚ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚǇ ŽƌŐĂŶŝƐĂƟŽŶƐ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚŽƵƚ ƚŚĞ ƐƵƉƉůǇ ĐŚĂŝŶ ďĞĐĂŵĞ Ă ǀŝƚĂů ĐŽŵƉŽŶĞŶƚ ŽĨ W^͛Ɛ
ŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶƐĂŶĚǀĂůƵĞƐ͘^ƵĐĐĞƐƐŐƌŽǁƐƐƵĐĐĞƐƐ͕ĂŶĚƚŚĞŝƌĚĂƵŐŚƚĞƌ<ĂƌĞŶůĂƌŬũŽŝŶĞĚƚŚĞďƵƐŝŶĞƐƐ͘KǀĞƌƚŚĞŶĞǆƚϭϱǇĞĂƌƐ͕<ĂƌĞŶ
ǁŽƌŬĞĚĐůŽƐĞůǇǁŝƚŚŚĞƌƉĂƌĞŶƚƐƚŽĞǆƉĂŶĚƚŚĞƉƌŽĚƵĐƚƌĂŶŐĞĂŶĚďƵŝůĚĂůŽǇĂůĐƵƐƚŽŵĞƌďĂƐĞƚŚƌŽƵŐŚŽƵƚƵƐƚƌĂůŝĂ͘W^ĨŽƌŵĞĚ
ĐůŽƐĞƟĞƐǁŝƚŚůŽĐĂůƐĐŚŽŽůƐĂŶĚƚŚĞZĞŐŐŝŽŵŝůŝĂͲŝŶĨŽƌŵĞĚƉƌĞƐĐŚŽŽůĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚǇ͖ƚŚĞƐĞƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉƐĐŽŶƟŶƵĞƚŽŝŶƐƉŝƌĞŵĂŶǇ
ŽĨƚŚĞŝƌƉƌŽĚƵĐƚĐŚŽŝĐĞƐ͘
41
/Ŷ ϮϬϭϱ͕ :ŽƐŚ WŝŶĐŚ͕ ŶŶĂ ĂŶĚ Ǉƌŝů͛Ɛ ŐƌĂŶĚƐŽŶ͕ ũŽŝŶĞĚ ƚŚĞ
ďƵƐŝŶĞƐƐ ʹ ĂŶĚ W^ ĂĚĚĞĚ Ă ƚŚŝƌĚ ŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ ƚŽ ŝƚƐ ƐƚŽƌǇ͘
tŚĞŶ ǇŽƵ ƐƉĞŶĚ ƟŵĞ ǁŝƚŚ :ŽƐŚ ĂŶĚ ŚŝƐ ƚĞĂŵ͕ ǇŽƵ ĐĂŶŶŽƚ
ŚĞůƉ ďƵƚ ďĞ ŝŵƉƌĞƐƐĞĚ ďǇ ƚŚĞ ƉƌŝĚĞ ƚŚĞǇ ŚŽůĚ ŝŶ ǁŚĂƚ ƚŚĞǇ
ĚŽ͘zŽƵĂƌĞĚƌĂǁŶďǇƚŚĞĞŶĞƌŐǇ͕ĞŶƚŚƵƐŝĂƐŵĂŶĚĐƌĞĂƟǀŝƚǇ͕
ĂůůĨŽƵŶĚĂƟŽŶĂůƚŽW^͛ƐƐƵĐĐĞƐƐʹĂƩƌŝďƵƚĞƐĞŵďĞĚĚĞĚŝŶƚŽ
ƚŚĞƉƐǇĐŚĞŽĨƚŚĞĐŽŵƉĂŶǇďǇǇƌŝůĂŶĚŶŶĂĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŽƵƚƐĞƚ͘
ŶĚƐŽ͕ƚŚĞďƵƐŝŶĞƐƐĐŽŶƟŶƵĞƐƚŽŐƌŽǁ͕ƚŚĂŶŬƐƚŽƚŚĞƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ
ŽĨƚŚĞŝƌůŽǇĂůĐƵƐƚŽŵĞƌƐĂŶĚW^͛ƐĐŽŶƟŶƵŝŶŐĐŽŵŵŝƚŵĞŶƚƚŽ
ĚŽǁŚĂƚƚŚĞǇĚŽƚŽƚŚĞǀĞƌǇďĞƐƚŽĨƚŚĞŝƌĂďŝůŝƚǇ͘
/ŶƚŚĞǇĞĂƌƐƐŝŶĐĞϭϵϵϮ͕W^͛ƐŵĂƌŬĞƚƉůĂĐĞŚĂƐŚĂĚƚŽĂĚĂƉƚ
ƚŽ Ă ŶƵŵďĞƌ ŽĨ ĐŚĂŶŐĞƐ͘ /Ŷ ƚŽĚĂǇ͛Ɛ ǁŽƌůĚ͕ ĐŚĂŶŐĞ ŝƐ Ă ƐŝŐŶ
ŽĨƚŚĞƟŵĞƐ͘hŶĨŽƌƚƵŶĂƚĞůǇ͕ƵƐƚƌĂůŝĂŶͲŵĂĚĞŵĂŶƵĨĂĐƚƵƌŝŶŐ
ĐĂŶ ŶŽ ůŽŶŐĞƌ ŵĞĞƚ ƚŚĞ ĚĞŵĂŶĚƐ ŽĨ W^͛Ɛ ƵŶŝƋƵĞ ĐƵƐƚŽŵĞƌ
ďĂƐĞ͘ W^͛Ɛ ƵƉĚĂƚĞĚ ĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚ ʹ ŝƚƐ ƌĞǀŝƐĞĚ ƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇ ŝƐ ƚŽ
ŵĂŶƵĨĂĐƚƵƌĞŝŶƵƐƚƌĂůŝĂǁŚĞƌĞƉŽƐƐŝďůĞǁŚŝůĞĐŽŶƟŶƵŝŶŐƚŽ
ƐŽƵƌĐĞ ŚŝŐŚͲƋƵĂůŝƚǇ ŵĂƚĞƌŝĂůƐ ĂŶĚ ƉƌŽĚƵĐƚ ůŽĐĂůůǇ ĂŶĚ ĨƌŽŵ
ƚŚĞ ŚŝŐŚĞƐƚͲƋƵĂůŝƚǇ ŵĂŶƵĨĂĐƚƵƌĞƌƐ ǁŽƌůĚǁŝĚĞ͘ Ǉ ĞŵďƌĂĐŝŶŐ
ƚŚŝƐĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚ͕W^ĐĂŶĐŽŶƟŶƵĞƚŽŇŽƵƌŝƐŚ͙ƚŽďĞĞǆĐĞƉƟŽŶĂů
ĂƐ ƚŚĞǇ ĐƌĞĂƚĞ ďĞĂƵƟĨƵů ůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ ĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚƐ͕ ĚƌĂǁŝŶŐ
ŝŶƐƉŝƌĂƟŽŶ ĨƌŽŵ ƉĞĂŬ ŝŶƚĞƌŝŽƌ ĚĞƐŝŐŶ ƚƌĞŶĚƐ ŝŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůůǇ
ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵďŝŶŝŶŐ ŝƚ ǁŝƚŚ ĐŽŶƚĞŵƉŽƌĂƌǇ ĞĂƌůǇ ĐŚŝůĚŚŽŽĚ
ƉĞĚĂŐŽŐǇ͘
sŝĞǁƚŚĞWƌĞƐĐŚŽŽůƋƵŝƉŵĞŶƚ>ŽŽŬŽŽŬĨĞĂƚƵƌŝŶŐĂĐŽůůĞĐƟŽŶ
ŽĨƐŝŵƉůǇŐŽƌŐĞŽƵƐ͕ŚŝŐŚͲĞŶĚĨƵƌŶŝƚƵƌĞĂŶĚƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐʹ,Z͗
ƉƌĞƐĐŚŽŽůĞƋƵŝƉŵĞŶƚ͘ĐŽŵ͘ĂƵͬůŽŽŬďŽŽŬͲϮϬϮϯͬ
42
PHILOSOPHY AND THE

CREATIVES...
Poets and philosophers are both engaged with a struggle to understand human life, meaning, and our place in the
cosmos…They are both careful observers of others and of themselves… they are able to see things that are invisible
to others and make them visible ͲMary Midgely
dŚĞYƵĂƌƌĞů͕ƚŚĞƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇǀƉŽĞƚƌǇĚĞďĂƚĞ͕ŚĂƐďĞĞŶĂƌŐƵĞĚƐŝŶĐĞ^ŽĐƌĂƚĞƐĂŶĚWůĂƚŽ͘^ŽŵĞŽĨƚŚĞĂŶĐŝĞŶƚĂŶĚĂŶƵŵďĞƌ
ŽĨĐŽŶƟŶĞŶƚĂůĂŶĚĐŽŶƚĞŵƉŽƌĂƌǇƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚĞƌƐǀŝĞǁ͚ƚŚĞƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉďĞƚǁĞĞŶƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇĂŶĚƉŽĞƚƌǇĂƐŽŶĞŽĨƉƌŽĚƵĐƟǀĞ
ŵƵƚƵĂůŝƚǇ͕ůĞĂĚŝŶŐƚŽǁĂƌĚŶĞǁŵŽĚĞƐŽĨƚŚŝŶŬŝŶŐĂŶĚƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ͛;ϮϬϭϵͿ͘KŶĞƐƵĐŚǀŝĞǁĚĞƐĐƌŝďĞƐƚŚŝŶŬŝŶŐĂŶĚƉŽĞƚƌǇ
ĂƐŐŝŌƐŽĨůĂŶŐƵĂŐĞ͘dŚĂƚƚŚĞƐĞŐŝŌƐ͕ĂƚƟŵĞƐ͕ŚĞůƉƵƐƚŽŐĂŝŶǁŝƐĚŽŵʹƚŚĞƉŽĞŵ͕ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞŇŽǁŽĨůĂŶŐƵĂŐĞ͕ƐŚŝŵŵĞƌŝŶŐ
ĞŶůŝŐŚƚĞŶŝŶŐ͕ďĞĂƵƟĨƵůƉŚƌĂƐĞƐƚŚĂƚĂƌƟĐƵůĂƚĞĂŶĚƌĞǀĞĂůĂŶĂƐƉĞĐƚŽĨƌĞĂůŝƚǇƚŚĂƚŽŌĞŶŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƚĞƐƚŚŝŶŬŝŶŐ͙ĂŶĚŽīĞƌƐĂŶ
ƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐŽĨďĞŝŶŐ͘tĞŚĂǀĞƚĂŬĞŶĂƌƟƐƟĐůŝĐĞŶƐĞƚŽŝŶĐůƵĚĞŝŶƚŚĞĐŽŶĐĞƉƚŽĨ͚ŐŝŌ͛ŽƚŚĞƌĐƌĞĂƟǀĞƐʹĂƌƟƐƚƐ͕ĐŽŵƉŽƐĞƌƐ
ĂŶĚǁƌŝƚĞƌƐʹĂƐƚŚĞǇ͕ƚŽŽ͕ĐĂƵƐĞƵƐƚŽƉĂƵƐĞĂŶĚĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌůŝĨĞ͘͘͘
Z&ZE͗'ŚŽƐŚ͕Z͘ĞƚĂů͘;ϮϬϭϵͿWŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇĂŶĚWŽĞƚƌǇ͗ŽŶƟŶĞŶƚĂůWĞƌƐƉĞĐƟǀĞƐ͘h^͘ŽůƵŵďŝĂhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇWƌĞƐƐ
Understanding is not a piercing of the mystery, but an acceptance of it,

a living blissfully with it, in it, through and by it - Henry Miller
The most courageous act is still to You can’t always get what you want
think for yourself – Aloud - The Rolling Stones
- Coco Chanel
No man was ever yet a great poet
Actions are the first tragedy in life, words without being at the same time
are the second. Words are perhaps the worst. a great philosopher
Words are merciless - Oscar Wilde - Samuel Taylor Coleridge
Who said we are here to <PMY]M[\QWVQ[V¼\_PWQ[OWQVO\WTM\UM#

laugh at the odds and live Q\¼[_PWQ[OWQVO\W[\WXUM)aV:IVL
our lives so well that death
will tremble to take us? Think and wonder, wonder and think…Think left
- Charles Bukowski and think right and think low and think high. Oh,
the thinks you can think up if only you try!
<PMZM¼[VW\PQVOaW]KIVSVW_\PI\Q[V¼\SVW_V – Dr Seuss
6W\PQVOaW]KIV[MM\PI\Q[V¼\[PW_V°
)TTaW]VMMLQ[TW^M4W^MQ[ITTaW]VMML To be, or not to be, that is the question
8I]T5K+IZ\VMa2WPV4MVVWV - William Shakespeare (Hamlet)
I celebrate myself, and sing myself, And what I assume you shall assume,
For every atom belonging to me as good belongs to you - Walt Whitman
43
We have it within ourselves enough to fill the present

day and overspread the future years with hope
- William Wordsworth
Perfect happiness? To live in contact with those I love,
with the beauties of nature, with a quantity of books Whosoever loves much
and music, and to have, within easy distance, a French performs much, and can
theatre - Marcel Proust accomplish much, and what is
done in love is well done!
What do we live for, if it is not to make life >IV/WOP
less difficult for each other? - George Eliot
Imagine there’s no heaven…
Imagine there’s no countries…
It’s okay, it’s okay, it’s okay, it’s okay Imagine no possessions…
If you’re lost, we’re all a little lost, Imagine all the people
and it’s alright Sharing all the world
- Jane Kristen Marczewski (Nightbirde) You may say I’m a dreamer
But I’m not the only one
The more you study delight, the more delight there is I hope someday you’ll join us
\W[\]La°1NMT\UaTQNM\WJMUWZMN]TTWNLMTQOP\ And the world will live as one
6W\_Q\PW]\[WZZW_WZNMIZWZXIQVWZTW[[ - John Lennon (The Beatles)
*]\UWZMN]TTWNLMTQOP\:W[[/Ia8WM\IVL/IZLMVMZ
1¼TTVM^MZJMTQSMW\PMZXMWXTM
I am here, that I may wonder! - J]\\PI\¼[ITZQOP\JMKI][M1¼UIJMIZ
Johann Wolfgang Goethe – Michael Bond (Paddington Bear)
The most political thing you do Feeling lost, crazy and desperate belongs
Q[JMaW]Z[MTN·*Wa/MWZOM to a good life as much as optimism,
certainty and reason.
Music takes us out of the actual and whispers to us dim - Alain de Botton
secrets that startle our wonder as to who we are, and
The true realism, always
for what, whence, and whereto - Ralph Waldo Emerson
and everywhere, is that
WN\PMXWM\["\WÅVLW]\
Bach is an astronomer, discovering the most where joy resides, and give
marvellous stars. Beethoven challenges the universe. it voice far beyond singing
I only try to express the soul and the heart of man :WJMZ\4W]Q[;\M^MV[WV
- Fredric Franois Chopin
44
RESEARCH WATCH
WHAT’S IN A PHILOSOPHY STATEMENT? A CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF EARLY
CHILDHOOD CENTRE PHILOSOPHY STATEMENTS IN AOTEAROA/NEW ZEALAND
KIRI GOULD & JACOBA MATAPO

UNIVERISTY OF AUCKLAND & AUCKLAND UNVIERISTY OF TECHNOLOGY
Thank you to Kiri and Jacoba for so graciously and generously /EdZKhd/KE
allowing us to feature their work...while the research has a
The aimŽĨƚŚŝƐƐŵĂůůƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚƉƌŽũĞĐƚǁĂƐƚŽƐĞĞŬƚŚĞƉŽůŝƟĐĂů
New Zealand focus it is also relevant when considering early
in the philosophy statements of early childhood centres in
childhood centre philosophy statements in Australia.
ŽƚĞĂƌŽĂ EĞǁ ĞĂůĂŶĚ͘ dŚŝƐ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĐŽŵĞƐ Ăƚ Ă ƟŵĞ ǁŚĞŶ
ŵƵůƟƉůĞ ĂŶĚ ĞǀĞŶ ĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƚŽƌǇ ŝĚĞŽůŽŐŝĞƐ ĂƌĞ ŽƉĞƌĂƟŶŐ ŝŶ
<ŝƌŝ'ŽƵůĚͲhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇŽĨƵĐŬůĂŶĚ
ƚŚĞƐĞĐƚŽƌ;dĞƐĂƌ͕ϮϬϭϱͿ͘&ĂƌƋƵĂƌĂŶĚ'ŝďďŽŶƐ;ϮϬϭϬͿƉŽŝŶƚŽƵƚ
:ĂĐŽďĂDĂƚĂƉŽͲƵĐŬůĂŶĚhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇŽĨdĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐǇ
ƚŚĂƚĐŚŝůĚĐĂƌĞŚĂƐďĞĐŽŵĞĂĐŽŵƉůĞǆƐŝƚĞŽĨƉŽůŝƟĐƐ͘dŚĞƌŝƐĞŽĨ
,Ğ<ƵƉƵ^ƉĞĐŝĂůĞĚŝƟŽŶ͗sŽůƵŵĞϰ͕EƵŵďĞƌϯͲƉƌŝůϮϬϭϲ
ŶĞŽͲůŝďĞƌĂůƉŽůŝĐǇƚŚĂƚůĞĂǀĞƐƚŚĞƉƌŽǀŝƐŝŽŶŽĨĞĂƌůǇĐŚŝůĚŚŽŽĚ
ƚŽƚŚĞŵĂƌŬĞƚƉůĂĐĞĂŶĚƉƌŝǀŝůĞŐĞƐƉĂƌĞŶƚĂůĐŚŽŝĐĞŚĂƐŽĐĐƵƌƌĞĚ
ĂƌůǇĐŚŝůĚŚŽŽĚĐĞŶƚƌĞƐƵƐĞƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇƐƚĂƚĞŵĞŶƚƐƚŽƐŚĂƌĞƚŚĞ
ĂůŽŶŐƐŝĚĞ ŽƚŚĞƌ ĞĂƌůǇ ĐŚŝůĚŚŽŽĚ ĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ ;Ϳ ƉŽůŝĐŝĞƐ ƚŚĂƚ
ƵŶĚĞƌƉŝŶŶŝŶŐǀĂůƵĞƐĂŶĚďĞůŝĞĨƐƚŚĂƚĨƌĂŵĞƚŚĞŝƌƉƌŽŐƌĂŵŵĞƐ͘
ĐŚĂŵƉŝŽŶ ĞƋƵŝƚǇ ĂŶĚ ƐŽĐŝĂů ŝŶĐůƵƐŝŽŶ͘ dŚŝƐ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚ ƐĞĞŬƐ ƚŽ
/ƚĐŽƵůĚ ĂůƐŽ ďĞĂƌŐƵĞĚƚŚĂƚ͕ŝŶĂŶŝŶĐƌĞĂƐŝŶŐůǇƉƌŝǀĂƟƐĞĚĂŶĚ
ĞǆĂŵŝŶĞŚŽǁƚŚĞƐĞĐŽŵƉĞƟŶŐŝĚĞŽůŽŐŝĞƐŚĂǀĞƐŚĂƉĞĚ;ŽƌĂƌĞ
ĐŽƌƉŽƌĂƟƐĞĚ ƐĞĐƚŽƌ͕ ƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇ ƐƚĂƚĞŵĞŶƚƐ ĂƌĞ ĂůƐŽ ƵƐĞĚ ƚŽ
ĐŽŶƚĞƐƚĞĚďǇͿƚŚĞƐĞĐƚŽƌďǇƵŶĚĞƌƚĂŬŝŶŐĂĐŽůůĞĐƟǀĞĂŶĂůǇƐŝƐ
ŵĂƌŬĞƚĞĂƌůǇĐŚŝůĚŚŽŽĚƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐƚŽƉŽƚĞŶƟĂůĂŶĚĞǆŝƐƟŶŐƵƐĞƌƐ
ŽĨƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇƐƚĂƚĞŵĞŶƚƐĨƌŽŵĂǀĂƌŝĞƚǇŽĨĐĞŶƚƌĞƚǇƉĞƐĂĐƌŽƐƐ
ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞ͘ dŚŝƐ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚ ƵƐĞĚ ĐƌŝƟĐĂů ĚŝƐĐŽƵƌƐĞ
ŽƚĞĂƌŽĂ EĞǁ ĞĂůĂŶĚ͘ ^ŝŶĐĞ ƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇ ƐƚĂƚĞŵĞŶƚƐ ŽƵƚůŝŶĞ
ĂŶĂůǇƐŝƐ ƚŽ ĞǆĂŵŝŶĞ ƚŚĞ ƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇ ƐƚĂƚĞŵĞŶƚƐ ŽĨ ϱϬ ĞĂƌůǇ
ƚŚĞ ǀĂůƵĞƐ ĂŶĚ ďĞůŝĞĨƐ ŽĨ ƚĞĂĐŚŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ ƚŚĂƚ ŐƵŝĚĞ
ĐŚŝůĚŚŽŽĚĐĞŶƚƌĞƐĂĐƌŽƐƐŽƚĞĂƌŽĂEĞǁĞĂůĂŶĚ͕ĂƌŐƵŝŶŐƚŚĂƚ
ĐĞŶƚƌĞ ƉƌĂĐƟĐĞ͕ ĞǆĂŵŝŶĞĚ ĐŽůůĞĐƟǀĞůǇ͕ ƚŚĞǇ ĐĂŶ ĂůƐŽ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞ
Ă ĐŽůůĞĐƟǀĞ ĂŶĂůǇƐŝƐ ŽĨ ƚŚĞƐĞ ƐƚĂƚĞŵĞŶƚƐ ǁŽƵůĚ ƌĞǀĞĂů ǁŚŝĐŚ
ĂƐŶĂƉƐŚŽƚŽĨǁŚĂƚŝƐƐƚĂƚĞĚƚŽďĞĨƵŶĚĂŵĞŶƚĂůĂŶĚǀĂůƵĂďůĞ
ĚŝƐĐŽƵƌƐĞƐŽƉĞƌĂƟŶŐŝŶƚŚĞƐĞĐƚŽƌĂƌĞƉƌŝǀŝůĞŐĞĚĂŶĚƚŚŽƐĞǁŚŝĐŚ
ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ƐĞĐƚŽƌ͘ dŚĞǇ ŵŝŐŚƚ ĂůƐŽ ƵŶĐŽǀĞƌ ǁŚĂƚ ŝƐ ƐŝůĞŶĐĞĚ ĂŶĚͬ
ĂƌĞ ŵĂƌŐŝŶĂůŝƐĞĚ͘ dŚŝƐ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚ ƐŽƵŐŚƚ ƚŽ ƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚ
ŽƌŵĂƌŐŝŶĂůŝƐĞĚ͘ĞŶƚƌĞƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇƐƚĂƚĞŵĞŶƚƐĂůůŽǁĂŐůŝŵƉƐĞ
ŚŽǁĚŽŵŝŶĂŶƚĚŝƐĐŽƵƌƐĞƐŝŶƚŚĞƐĞĐƚŽƌƌĞŇĞĐƚŽƌƌĞƐŝƐƚĐƵƌƌĞŶƚ
ŽĨŚŽǁĚŝƐĐŽƵƌƐĞƐŽƉĞƌĂƟŶŐĂƚŐůŽďĂů͕ŶĂƟŽŶĂůĂŶĚůŽĐĂůůĞǀĞůƐ
ƉƌĞǀĂŝůŝŶŐ ;ĂŶĚ͕ Ăƚ ƟŵĞƐ͕ ĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƚŽƌǇͿ ŝĚĞŽůŽŐŝĞƐ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ
ƐƚƌƵŐŐůĞ ĨŽƌ ĚŽŵŝŶĂƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ͕ ƚŚĞƌĞĨŽƌĞ͕ ǁŚŝĐŚ ĚŝƐĐŽƵƌƐĞƐ ƚŚĞ
ďƌŽĂĚĞƌ ĞĂƌůǇ ĐŚŝůĚŚŽŽĚ ƉŽůŝƟĐĂů ůĂŶĚƐĐĂƉĞ ʹ ďŽƚŚ ŶĂƟŽŶĂůůǇ
ƐĞĐƚŽƌƉƌŝǀŝůĞŐĞƐ͘
ĂŶĚ ŐůŽďĂůůǇ͘ dŚĞ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ƌĞǀĞĂůĞĚ ƚŚĂƚ tĞƐƚĞƌŶ ŶŽƟŽŶƐ ŽĨ
ƉůĂǇĂŶĚƉůĂǇͲďĂƐĞĚƉĞĚĂŐŽŐŝĞƐǁĞƌĞƐƚƌŽŶŐĚŝƐĐŽƵƌƐĞƐĂĐƌŽƐƐ
'ŝďďŽŶƐ;ϮϬϭϬ͕Ɖ͘ϭϯϴͿĞǆƉůĂŝŶƐƚŚĂƚĂƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇŽĨĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ
ƚŚĞ ƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇ ƐƚĂƚĞŵĞŶƚƐ ĞǆĂŵŝŶĞĚ͘ ůƐŽ͕ ŶĞŽͲůŝďĞƌĂů ĂŶĚ
;ƐƵĐŚ ĂƐ ƚŚĂƚ ĞǆƉƌĞƐƐĞĚ ŝŶ Ă ĐĞŶƚƌĞ ƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇ ƐƚĂƚĞŵĞŶƚͿ
ŶĞŽͲĐŽůŽŶŝĂůĚŝƐĐŽƵƌƐĞƐƉĞƌƚĂŝŶŝŶŐƚŽƚŚĞĐŚŝůĚĂƐĂŶŝŶĚŝǀŝĚƵĂů
ĚƌĂǁƐ ƚŽŐĞƚŚĞƌ ƚŚĞ ͞ŝĚĞĂůƐ͕ ǀĂůƵĞƐ͕ ƉƌĂĐƟĐĞƐ ĂŶĚ ďĞůŝĞĨƐ͕ ŝŶƚŽ
ĐŽŶƐƵŵĞƌŽĨĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ͕ĂĐĂƉĂďůĞ͕ĐŽŶĮĚĞŶƚĂŶĚŇĞǆŝďůĞĨƵƚƵƌĞ
ĂƐƚĂƚĞŵĞŶƚŽĨǁŚĂƚǁĞƚŚŝŶŬĂďŽƵƚĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ͘͟dŚĞƉƵƌƉŽƐĞ
ǁŽƌŬĞƌ͕ǁĞƌĞĂůƐŽƉƌĞǀĂůĞŶƚ͘dǁŽĚŝƐĐŽƵƌƐĞƐĚŝƌĞĐƚůǇƌĞůĂƚĞĚƚŽ
of centre philosophy statements is to point the reader to
ĞƋƵŝƚǇĂŶĚƐŽĐŝĂůũƵƐƟĐĞŐŽĂůƐĨŽƌƚŚĞƐĞĐƚŽƌǁĞƌĞůĞƐƐƉƌĞǀĂůĞŶƚ
ƚŚĞ ĞǆƉůŝĐŝƚ ĂŶĚ ƵŶĚĞƌůǇŝŶŐ ǀĂůƵĞƐ ĂŶĚ ďĞůŝĞĨƐ ƚŚĂƚ ŐƵŝĚĞ ƚŚĞ
ʹ ƚŚĞƐĞ ǁĞƌĞ ĚŝƐĐŽƵƌƐĞƐ ĂďŽƵƚ ŝŶĐůƵƐŝŽŶ ĂŶĚ ŶŽƟŽŶƐ ŽĨ
ƉƌĂĐƟĐĞƐĂƚƚŚĂƚĐĞŶƚƌĞ͘WĞƚĞƌƐ;ϮϬϬϵͿƐƵŐŐĞƐƚƐĂƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇŽĨ
ŝŶĚŝŐĞŶŽƵƐƌŝŐŚƚƐĂŶĚďŝĐƵůƚƵƌĂůƉƌĂĐƟĐĞƐ͘dŚŝƐĮŶĚŝŶŐƉƌĞƐĞŶƚƐ
ƚĞĂĐŚŝŶŐƐƚĂƚĞŵĞŶƚŝƐĂŶĂƌƌĂƟǀĞŽĨƚĞĂĐŚŝŶŐĂŶĚůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐƚŚĂƚ
Ă ĐŚĂůůĞŶŐĞ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ƐĞĐƚŽƌ ŝŶ ǁŚŝĐŚ ĐĞŶƚƌĞƐ ŵƵƐƚ ĮŶĚ ǁĂǇƐ ƚŽ
ŝŶĐůƵĚĞƐĂĐŽŶĐĞƉƟŽŶŽĨƚĞĂĐŚŝŶŐĂŶĚůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ͘dŚĞƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇ
ƌĞͲĞŶŐĂŐĞ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ ŝŶĐůƵƐŝǀĞ͕ ďŝĐƵůƚƵƌĂů ĂŶĚ ůŽĐĂůůǇ ƌĞůĞǀĂŶƚ
ƐƚĂƚĞŵĞŶƚĚĞƐĐƌŝďĞƐĂŶĚũƵƐƟĮĞƐƚŚĞǁĂǇƚĞĂĐŚŝŶŐŚĂƉƉĞŶƐŝŶ
ĨŽƵŶĚĂƟŽŶƐŽĨdĞtŚĈƌŝŬŝ;DŝŶŝƐƚƌǇŽĨĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ͕ϭϵϵϲͿ͘
ĂƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌĐŽŶƚĞǆƚ͕ĂŶĚĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƚĞƐƚŚĞŐŽĂůƐĂŶĚƉƵƌƉŽƐĞ
ŽĨƚĞĂĐŚŝŶŐƉƌĂĐƟĐĞƐ͘
45
WK>/d/>>E^W EŽƚĂůůƚŚĞǁĞďƐŝƚĞƐĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚŝŶĐůƵĚĞĚƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇƐƚĂƚĞŵĞŶƚƐ͕
ŚŽǁĞǀĞƌ͕ ŵŽƐƚ ĚŝĚ͘ dŚĞƌĞĨŽƌĞ͕ ǁĞ ĐĂŶ ĂƐƐƵŵĞ ƚŚĂƚ ŚĂǀŝŶŐ Ă
/Ŷ ͕ Ă ŶƵŵďĞƌ ŽĨ ĐŽŵƉĞƟŶŐ ŝĚĞŽůŽŐŝĞƐ ĂƌĞ ƉƌĞƐĞŶƚ͘ dŚĞ
ƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇƐƚĂƚĞŵĞŶƚŝƐƐĞĞŶĂƐƵƐĞĨƵůĨŽƌĐĞŶƚƌĞƐŝŶĂůůŽǁŝŶŐ
ŐůŽďĂůƌŝƐĞŽĨŶĞŽͲůŝďĞƌĂůƌĞĨŽƌŵŚĂƐŚĂĚĂƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚŝŵƉĂĐƚŽŶ
ƚŚĞŵ ƚŽ ƐŚĂƌĞ ƐŽŵĞƚŚŝŶŐ ĂďŽƵƚ ƚŚĞŵƐĞůǀĞƐ ĂƐ Ă ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌ
ƉŽůŝĐǇ ƐŝŶĐĞ ƚŚĞ ϭϵϴϬƐ͕ ĂŶĚ ƐŝƚƐ ŝŶ ĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶ ƚŽ ŽƚŚĞƌ
ŽĨ ĞĂƌůǇ ĐŚŝůĚŚŽŽĚ ĐĂƌĞ ĂŶĚ ĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ ƚŽ ďŽƚŚ ƚŚĞ ĞǆŝƐƟŶŐ
ŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚ ĞĂƌůǇ ĐŚŝůĚŚŽŽĚ ƉŽůŝĐǇ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚƐ͕ ƐƵĐŚ ĂƐ ƚŚĞ
ĂŶĚ ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂů ŵĞŵďĞƌƐ ŽĨ ƚŚĞŝƌ ĐĞŶƚƌĞ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚǇ͘ DŽƐƚ
ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ ŽĨ dĞ tŚĈƌŝŬŝ ʹ ,Ğ ǁŚĂƌŝŬŝ ŵĂƚĂƵƌĂŶŐĂ Ă ŶŐĂ
ƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇƐƚĂƚĞŵĞŶƚƐĞǆĂŵŝŶĞĚĨŽƌƚŚŝƐƉƌŽũĞĐƚǁĞƌĞƐƵĐĐŝŶĐƚ
ŵŽŬŽƉƵŶĂ Ž ŽƚĞĂƌŽĂ͗ ĂƌůǇ ŚŝůĚŚŽŽĚ ƵƌƌŝĐƵůƵŵ ;DŝŶŝƐƚƌǇ
;ůĞƐƐƚŚĂŶĂƉĂŐĞůŽŶŐͿ͘^ŽŵĞǁĞƌĞĂƐƐŚŽƌƚĂƐĂĨĞǁƐĞŶƚĞŶĐĞƐ͘
ŽĨĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ͕ϭϵϵϲͿ͘ĂƌůǇĐŚŝůĚŚŽŽĚƉŽůŝĐǇŝŶŝƟĂƟǀĞƐŝŶƚĞƌƐĞĐƚ
Some philosophy statements included graphics that helped to
ǁŝƚŚŽƚŚĞƌƐƚĂƚĞĂŐĞŶĚĂƐ͘dŚĞƐĞŝŶĐůƵĚĞĂĨŽĐƵƐŽŶŝŶĐƌĞĂƐŝŶŐ
ĞǆƉƌĞƐƐƚŚĞŝŶƚĞŶƚŽƌŵĞĂŶŝŶŐŽĨƚŚĞŝƌǁŽƌĚƐ͘&ŽƌĞǆĂŵƉůĞ͕ŽŶĞ
ƚŚĞ ƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ ǁŽŵĞŶ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ǁŽƌŬĨŽƌĐĞ͕ ƚĂƌŐĞƟŶŐ ͚ĂƚͲ
ŬŝŶĚĞƌŐĂƌƚĞŶ ƵƐĞĚ ƚŚĞ ĐŽŶĐĞƉƚ ŽĨ ƌŝǀĞƌ ƐƚŽŶĞƐ ŝŶƐŝĚĞ ǁŚŝĐŚ Ă
ƌŝƐŬ͛ ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ ĂŶĚ ĨĂŵŝůŝĞƐ͕ ĂŶĚ ƉƌĞƉĂƌŝŶŐ ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ ĨŽƌ ƐĐŚŽŽů͕
ŬĞǇƵŶĚĞƌƉŝŶŶŝŶŐƐƚĂƚĞŵĞŶƚǁĂƐƉůĂĐĞĚ͘
ĂŶĚĨŽƌƚŚĞŝƌĨƵƚƵƌĞƌŽůĞƐĂƐƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂŶƚƐŝŶƚŚĞŐůŽďĂůĞĐŽŶŽŵǇ
;Ăůů Θ sŝŶĐĞŶƚ͕ ϮϬϬϱ͖ DŝƚĐŚĞůů͕ ϮϬϬϱ͕ &ĂƌƋƵĂƌ Θ 'ŝďďŽŶƐ͕
/Ŷ ƚŚŝƐ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ͕ ǁĞ ĂƌŐƵĞ ƚŚĂƚ ƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇ ƐƚĂƚĞŵĞŶƚƐ ƌĞŇĞĐƚ
ϮϬϭϬͿ͘ dŚĞ ŶĞŽͲůŝďĞƌĂů ƚĞŶĞƚƐ ŽĨ ĐĂƉŝƚĂůŝƐŵ͕ ĨƌĞĞ ŵĂƌŬĞƚƐ͕
ƚŚĞ ĨĂǀŽƵƌĞĚ ĚŝƐĐŽƵƌƐĞƐ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƐĞĐƚŽƌ͘ dŚĞƐĞ ƐŚĂƌĞĚ ŝĚĞĂƐ
ĐŚŽŝĐĞ͕ ĐŽŵƉĞƟƟŽŶ͕ ŝŶĚŝǀŝĚƵĂů ĨƌĞĞĚŽŵ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ ĞŵƉŚĂƐŝƐ
ĂŶĚ ůĂŶŐƵĂŐĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƐĞĐƚŽƌ ĂƌĞ ŶŽƚ ŶĞƵƚƌĂů͕ ďƵƚ ĂƌĞ ƐŽĐŝĂůůǇ
ŽŶ ĞĐŽŶŽŵŝĐĂůůǇ ƉƌŽĚƵĐƟǀĞ ĐŝƟǌĞŶƐ͕ ĂůŽŶŐƐŝĚĞ ŐĞŶĞƌŽƵƐ
ĂŶĚ ŚŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂůůǇ ůŽĐĂƚĞĚ͘ 'ĞĞ ;ϮϬϬϱ͕ Ɖ͘ ϳͿ ĞǆƉůĂŝŶƐ ƚŚĂƚ ͞
ŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚ ƐƵďƐŝĚŝĞƐ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƐĞĐƚŽƌ ŚĂǀĞ ƌĞƐƵůƚĞĚ ŝŶ Ă ƌĂƉŝĚ
ĚŝƐĐŽƵƌƐĞŝƐĂƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟŽŶŽĨĂƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌĐŽŶĐĞƉƚƵĂůŝƐĂƟŽŶ
ĞǆƉĂŶƐŝŽŶ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƐĞĐƚŽƌ͘ /Ŷ ƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌ͕ ƚŚĞ ƌŝƐĞ ŽĨ ĨŽƌͲƉƌŽĮƚ
ŽĨƌĞĂůŝƚǇ͕ƐŚĂƉĞĚďǇŚŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂů͕ŝĚĞŽůŽŐŝĐĂů͕ĐƵůƚƵƌĂůĂŶĚƐŽĐŝĂůůǇ
ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌƐ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ ĞŶƚƌĂŶĐĞ ŽĨ ĐŽƌƉŽƌĂƚĞ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌƐ ƚŚĂƚ ŚĂǀĞ
ĐŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƚĞĚ ǁĂǇƐ ŽĨ ŵĂŬŝŶŐ ƐĞŶƐĞ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƚĞĚ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ
͚ƌĞƐŚĂƉĞĚ ƚŚĞ ƉŽůŝƟĐĂů ůĂŶĚƐĐĂƉĞ ŽĨ ĞĂƌůǇ ĐŚŝůĚŚŽŽĚ ƉŽůŝƟĐƐ͛
ůĂŶŐƵĂŐĞĂŶĚŽƚŚĞƌƐŝŐŶƐ͕ƐǇŵďŽůƐ͕ĂŶĚƉƌĂĐƟĐĞƐ͘͟dŚĞƌĞĨŽƌĞ͕
;DĂǇ͕ϮϬϬϵ͕Ɖ͘ϮϳϲͿ͘
ĂŶǇ ĞǆĂŵŝŶĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ ĚŝƐĐŽƵƌƐĞƐ ŶĞĞĚƐ ƚŽ ĂĐĐŽƵŶƚ ĨŽƌ ͞ďŽƚŚ
ƚŚĞ ƐŽĐŝĂů ƉƌŽĐĞƐƐĞƐ ĂŶĚ ƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞƐ͕ ǁŚŝĐŚ ŐŝǀĞ ƌŝƐĞ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ
ĚĚŝŶŐ ƚŽ ƚŚŝƐ ƉŽůŝƟĐĂů ůĂŶĚƐĐĂƉĞ ĂƌĞ ŽƚŚĞƌ ǀŽŝĐĞƐ ƚŚĂƚ ŽīĞƌ
ƉƌŽĚƵĐƟŽŶŽĨĂƚĞǆƚ͕ĂŶĚŽĨƚŚĞƐŽĐŝĂůƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞƐĂŶĚƉƌŽĐĞƐƐĞƐ
ĂůƚĞƌŶĂƟǀĞƌĞĂůŝƟĞƐĂŶĚƉŽŝŶƚƐŽĨƌĞƐŝƐƚĂŶĐĞ͘DĂǇ;ϮϬϬϮͿƉŽŝŶƚƐ
ǁŝƚŚŝŶǁŚŝĐŚŝŶĚŝǀŝĚƵĂůƐŽƌŐƌŽƵƉƐĂƐƐŽĐŝĂůͲŚŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂůƐƵďũĞĐƚƐ͕
ŽƵƚƚŚĂƚŵĂŶǇĞĂƌůǇĐŚŝůĚŚŽŽĚŵŽǀĞŵĞŶƚƐŝŶƚŚŝƐĐŽƵŶƚƌǇŚĂǀĞ
ĐƌĞĂƚĞŵĞĂŶŝŶŐƐŝŶƚŚĞŝƌŝŶƚĞƌĂĐƟŽŶǁŝƚŚƚĞǆƚƐ͟;tŽĚĂŬ͕ϮϬϬϭ͕
ŐƌŽǁŶŽƵƚŽĨĚĞƐŝƌĞĨŽƌƐŽĐŝĂůĂŶĚƉŽůŝƟĐĂůĐŚĂŶŐĞ͘/ŶƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌ͕
Ɖ͘ ϭϮͿ͘ /Ŷ ƚŚĞ ĐĂƐĞ ŽĨ ƚŚŝƐ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ͕ ĐĞŶƚƌĞ ƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĞƐ ĂƌĞ
dĞ tŚĈƌŝŬŝ͕ ǁŚŝĐŚ ŽīĞƌƐ Ă ďŝĐƵůƚƵƌĂů ĂŶĚ ŶŽŶͲƉƌĞƐĐƌŝƉƟǀĞ
ĐƌĞĂƚĞĚĂƚĂůŽĐĂůůĞǀĞůďǇƚĞĂĐŚĞƌƐŽƌƚĞĂŵƐǁŚŽĂƌĞŽƉĞƌĂƟŶŐ
ĐƵƌƌŝĐƵůƵŵ ĨƌĂŵĞǁŽƌŬ ƚŚĂƚ ͞ŝŶǀŝƚĞƐ ƚĞĂĐŚĞƌƐ ƚŽ ǁĞĂǀĞ
ŝŶĂǁŝĚĞƌƐŽĐŝĂůĂŶĚƉŽůŝƟĐĂůƐƉŚĞƌĞ͘
ƚŚĞŵƐĞůǀĞƐ͕ Ăůů ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͕ ƚŚĞŝƌ ĐƵůƚƵƌĞƐ ĂŶĚ ƐĞƫŶŐƐ ŝŶƚŽ ƚŚĞ
ĐƵƌƌŝĐƵůƵŵ͕ĂŶĚŝƚƵƌŐĞƐĚŝĂůŽŐƵĞĂŶĚƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶ͟;dĞƐĂƌ͕ϮϬϭϱ͕
KƵƌǀĂůƵĞƐĂŶĚďĞůŝĞĨƐŚĂǀĞƉƌŽǀŝĚĞĚĂůĞŶƐƚŚƌŽƵŐŚǁŚŝĐŚƚŚŝƐ
Ɖ͘ ϭϬϲͿ͘ dŚĞƌĞĨŽƌĞ͕ dĞ tŚĈƌŝŬŝ ŽīĞƌƐ ƚĞĂĐŚĞƌƐ͕ ĐĞŶƚƌĞƐ ĂŶĚ
ĂŶĂůǇƐŝƐ ŚĂƐ ŽĐĐƵƌƌĞĚ͘ tĞ ĂĐŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞ ƚŚĂƚ ŽƵƌ ĂŶĂůǇƐŝƐ ŽĨ
ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƟĞƐĂƉŽŝŶƚŽĨƌĞƐŝƐƚĂŶĐĞƚŽƚŚĞŶĞŽͲůŝďĞƌĂůĚŝƐĐŽƵƌƐĞƐ
ĐĞŶƚƌĞƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇƐƚĂƚĞŵĞŶƚƐŚĂƐŶŽƚďĞĞŶŶĞƵƚƌĂů͘ZĂƚŚĞƌ͕ǁĞ
ƚŚĂƚ ŚĂǀĞ ďĞĐŽŵĞ ŝŶĐƌĞĂƐŝŶŐůǇ ĚŽŵŝŶĂŶƚ ŝŶ ŝŶ ŽƚĞĂƌŽĂ
ŚĂǀĞƚĂŬĞŶƚŚĞĞǆƉůŝĐŝƚƉŽƐŝƟŽŶƚŚĂƚĞĂƌůǇĐŚŝůĚŚŽŽĚƚĞĂĐŚĞƌƐ
;dĞƐĂƌ͕ ϮϬϭϱͿ͘ dŚĞƐĞ ŶĂƟŽŶĂů ĚŝƐĐŽƵƌƐĞƐ ƚŚĞŵƐĞůǀĞƐ ƌĞŇĞĐƚ͕
;ĂŶĚƚŚĞŽƌŐĂŶŝƐĂƟŽŶƐƚŚĞǇǁŽƌŬŝŶͿƐŚŽƵůĚƐĞĞŬƚŽƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚ
are shaped by and resist global discourses about children’s
ĂŶĚƌĞƐŝƐƚŝŶĞƋƵŝƚǇŝŶƐŽĐŝĞƚǇ͘tĞďĞůŝĞǀĞƚŚĂƚĞĂƌůǇĐŚŝůĚŚŽŽĚ
ůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ͕ ƚŚĞŝƌ ĞĐŽŶŽŵŝĐ ǁŽƌƚŚ͕ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞŝƌ
ƚĞĂĐŚĞƌƐ ƐŚŽƵůĚ ďĞ ŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƚĞĚ ŝŶ ŚŽǁ ƚŚĞŝƌ ƉƌĂĐƟĐĞƐ͕ ƚŚĞ
ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂů ĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶƐ ƚŽ ƚŚĞŝƌ ĐŽƵŶƚƌǇ͛Ɛ ǁĞůůďĞŝŶŐ͘ ƚ ĞĂĐŚ
ĞŵďĞĚĚĞĚ ƉƌĂĐƟĐĞƐ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƐĞĐƚŽƌ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ ĐŽŶƚĞǆƚƐ ŝŶ ǁŚŝĐŚ
ůĞǀĞů͕ ƚŚĞƌĞ ŝƐ ĐŽŶƚĞƐƚĂƟŽŶ ĂďŽƵƚ ƚŚĞ ǀĂůƵĞƐ ĂŶĚ ƉƵƌƉŽƐĞ ŽĨ
ƚŚŽƐĞƉƌĂĐƟĐĞƐĞǆŝƐƚĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƚĞƚŽ͕ŽƌƚƌĂŶƐĨŽƌŵŝŶĞƋƵŝƚǇ͘dŚŝƐ
ƚŚĂƚ ŝƐ ƐŚĂƉĞĚ ďǇ ƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌ ĐŽŵƉĞƟŶŐ ŝĚĞŽůŽŐŝĞƐ͘ ,Žǁ͕
ĂůŝŐŶƐ ǁŝƚŚ ŽĚĚ͛Ɛ ;ϮϬϬϱ͕ Ɖ͘ ϭϱͿ ƉĞƌƐƉĞĐƟǀĞ ƚŚĂƚ ƚĞĂĐŚĞƌƐ
ƚŚĞŶ͕ĚŽƚŚĞƐĞĐŽŵƉĞƟŶŐĚŝƐĐŽƵƌƐĞƐŵĂŬĞƚŚĞŝƌǁĂǇŝŶƚŽƚŚĞ
ƐŚŽƵůĚ͞ĞŵďŽĚǇǁŝƚŚŝŶƚŚĞŝƌƉƌĂĐƟĐĞƐƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞƐŽĨĚĞŵŽĐƌĂƟĐ
ƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇƐƚĂƚĞŵĞŶƚƐƚŚĂƚŵĂŬĞĞǆƉůŝĐŝƚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞƐĂŶĚďĞůŝĞĨƐ
ĐŝƟǌĞŶƐŚŝƉ͟ĂŶĚĂĐŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞƐƚŚĂƚŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚƉŽůŝĐǇ;ƐŽĐŝĂů
ŽĨŝŶĚŝǀŝĚƵĂůĐĞŶƚƌĞƐ͍
ĂŶĚĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĂůͿĐĂŶĐƌĞĂƚĞĂƐŵŽŬĞƐĐƌĞĞŶƚŚĂƚĚƌĂǁƐƚĞĂĐŚĞƌƐ
ĂǁĂǇĨƌŽŵƚŚŝƐƉƵƌƉŽƐĞ͘
Z/d/>/^KhZÊ>z^/^
In this resĞĂƌĐŚƉƌŽũĞĐƚ͕ǁĞƵƐĞĚĐƌŝƟĐĂůĚŝƐĐŽƵƌƐĞĂŶĂůǇƐŝƐ΀΁ /Ŷ ůŝŶĞ ǁŝƚŚ ŽƵƌ ĐŽŵŵŝƚŵĞŶƚ ƚŽ ƐŽĐŝĂů ũƵƐƟĐĞ͕ ǁĞ ĐŚŽƐĞ
ƚŽ ĞǆĂŵŝŶĞ ƚŚĞ ƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇ ƐƚĂƚĞŵĞŶƚƐ ŽĨ ϱϬ ĞĂƌůǇ ĐŚŝůĚŚŽŽĚ ĂƐĂŵĞƚŚŽĚĨŽƌĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌŝŶŐƚŚĞĐĞŶƚƌĞƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇƐƚĂƚĞŵĞŶƚƐ͘
ĐĞŶƚƌĞƐ ƚŚĂƚ ǁĞƌĞ ĨƌĞĞůǇ ĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞ ŽŶ ĐĞŶƚƌĞ ǁĞďƐŝƚĞƐ͘ dŚĞƐĞ ŝƐƚŚĞƐǇƐƚĞŵĂƟĐĂŶĂůǇƐŝƐĂŶĚŝŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚĂƟŽŶŽĨĚŝƐĐŽƵƌƐĞ
ǁĞƌĞƌĂŶĚŽŵůǇĐŚŽƐĞŶĂŶĚƐƉůŝƚĞǀĞŶůǇďĞƚǁĞĞŶƚŚĞEŽƌƚŚĂŶĚ ŝŶŽƌĚĞƌƚŽĞǆƉůŽƌĞŚŽǁƚŚŽƐĞĚŝƐĐŽƵƌƐĞƐŚĂǀĞĂƌŝƐĞŶŽƵƚŽĨďƵƚ
^ŽƵƚŚ /ƐůĂŶĚƐ͘ dŚĞ ĐĞŶƚƌĞƐ ƐĞůĞĐƚĞĚ ĐŽǀĞƌĞĚ Ă ƌĂŶŐĞ ŽĨ ƚǇƉĞƐ ĂƌĞĂůƐŽƐŚĂƉĞĚďǇƐƚƌƵŐŐůĞƐŽĨƉŽǁĞƌ;&ĂŝƌĐůŽƵŐŚ͕ϮϬϬϯͿ͘
ŽĨĐĞŶƚƌĞƐ͕ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐŬŝŶĚĞƌŐĂƌƚĞŶƐ͕ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚǇͲďĂƐĞĚĚĂǇĐĂƌĞ
ĐĞŶƚƌĞƐ͕ƐŵĂůůƉƌŝǀĂƚĞůǇŽǁŶĞĚĐĞŶƚƌĞƐ͕ĂŶĚĐĞŶƚƌĞƐďĞůŽŶŐŝŶŐ
ƚŽĐŽƌƉŽƌĂƚĞƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌƐ͘
46
ĂŝŵƐ ƚŽ ŝŶǀĞƐƟŐĂƚĞ ĂŶĚ ƌĞǀĞĂů ƐŽĐŝĂů ŝŶĞƋƵŝƚǇ ĂƐ ŝƚ ŝƐ dŚĞ ĐŽŶƚĞǆƚƐ ŝŶ ǁŚŝĐŚ ƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇ ƐƚĂƚĞŵĞŶƚƐ ǁĞƌĞ ƉƌŽĚƵĐĞĚ
ĞǆƉƌĞƐƐĞĚ͕ůĞŐŝƟŵŝƐĞĚĂŶĚĞǀĞŶĐŽŶƚĞƐƚĞĚďǇůĂŶŐƵĂŐĞ͘/ŶƚŚĞ ĂůƐŽĐĂƵƐĞĚƵƐƚŽƋƵĞƐƟŽŶƚŚĞƉƵƌƉŽƐĞŽĨƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇƐƚĂƚĞŵĞŶƚƐ͕
ĐĂƐĞŽĨƚŚŝƐƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ͕ƚŚĞĚŝƐĐŽƵƌƐĞƐǁĞƌĞĨĞƌƚŽĂƌĞŝŶƚĞǆƚĨŽƌŵ͘ ƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌůǇǁŚĞƌĞĐĞŶƚƌĞƐǁĞƌĞƉĂƌƚŽĨĂŐƌŽƵƉŽĨĐĞŶƚƌĞƐǁŝƚŚ
dŚĞǇ ĂƌĞ ƚŚĞ ƐƚĂƚĞĚ ǀĂůƵĞƐ ĂŶĚ ďĞůŝĞĨƐ ĂďŽƵƚ ĞĂƌůǇ ĐŚŝůĚŚŽŽĚ ƐŚĂƌĞĚŽǁŶĞƌƐŚŝƉ͘&ŽƌĞǆĂŵƉůĞ͕ŝŶĚŝǀŝĚƵĂůĐĞŶƚƌĞƐŵŝŐŚƚŚĂǀĞ
ĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ ŵĂĚĞ ĞǆƉůŝĐŝƚ ďǇ ĐĞŶƚƌĞƐ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ƚŚĞŝƌ ƉƵďůŝĐĂůůǇ ŚĂĚ ƵŶŝƋƵĞ ƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇ ƐƚĂƚĞŵĞŶƚƐ ďƵƚ ƐŚĂƌĞĚ ƉŽůŝĐŝĞƐ ĂŶĚ
ƐŚĂƌĞĚƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇƐƚĂƚĞŵĞŶƚƐ͘/ŶŝƚƐƐŝŵƉůĞƐƚƐĞŶƐĞ͕ĂĚŝƐĐŽƵƌƐĞ ƉƌŽĐĞĚƵƌĞƐ ƚŚĂƚ ǁĞƌĞ ƵŶŝĨŽƌŵ ĂĐƌŽƐƐ ƐŝƚĞƐ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƟĞƐ͘
ĐĂŶďĞƵŶĚĞƌƐƚŽŽĚĂƐĂ͙͞ƐŚĂƌĞĚůĂŶŐƵĂŐĞĨŽƌƚĂůŬŝŶŐĂďŽƵƚĂ /Ŷ ƚŚĞƐĞ ĐĂƐĞƐ͕ ǁĞ ƋƵĞƐƟŽŶĞĚ ƚŚĞ ƉƵƌƉŽƐĞ͕ ƉůĂĐĞ ĂŶĚ ƉŽǁĞƌ
ƚŽƉŝĐ͕ƐŚĂƌĞĚĐŽŶĐĞƉƚƐĨŽƌƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐŝƚ͕ĂŶĚƐŚĂƌĞĚŵĞƚŚŽĚƐ ŽĨƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇƐƚĂƚĞŵĞŶƚƐƚŽůĞĂĚƉƌĂĐƟĐĞƐ͘/ŶĂĚĚŝƟŽŶ͕ŝƚĐŽƵůĚ
ĨŽƌƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐŝƚ͟;DĂĐEĂƵŐŚƚŽŶ͕ϮϬϬϱ͕Ɖ͘ϮϬͿ͘ŝƐĐŽƵƌƐĞƐ be argued that philosophy statements are also used by centres
ĂƌĞ ƉŽǁĞƌĨƵů ŝŶ ƚŚĂƚ ƚŚĞǇ ͞ŵĂŬĞ ĂƐƐƵŵƉƟŽŶƐ ĂŶĚ ǀĂůƵĞƐ ƚŽƉŽƐŝƟŽŶƚŚĞŵƐĞůǀĞƐŝŶƚŚĞŵĂƌŬĞƚƉůĂĐĞďĞĐĂƵƐĞƚŚĞǇĂůůŽǁ
ŝŶǀŝƐŝďůĞ͕ ƚƵƌŶ ƐƵďũĞĐƟǀĞ ƉĞƌƐƉĞĐƟǀĞƐ ĂŶĚ ƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐƐ ĐĞŶƚƌĞƐ ƚŽ ĞǆƉƌĞƐƐ ƚŽ ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂů ƵƐĞƌƐ ŽĨ ƚŚĞŝƌ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞ ǁŚĂƚ
ŝŶƚŽ ĂƉƉĂƌĞŶƚůǇ ŽďũĞĐƟǀĞ ƚƌƵƚŚƐ ĂŶĚ ĚĞƚĞƌŵŝŶĞ ƚŚĂƚ ƐŽŵĞ ŬŝŶĚŽĨƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƚŚĞǇĂƌĞĂŶĚǁŚĂƚƚŚĞŝƌĐŽŵŵŝƚŵĞŶƚƐƚŽĐĂƌĞ
ƚŚŝŶŐƐ ĂƌĞ ƐĞůĨͲĞǀŝĚĞŶƚ ĂŶĚ ƌĞĂůŝƐƟĐ ǁŚŝůĞ ŽƚŚĞƌƐ ĂƌĞ ĚƵďŝŽƵƐ ĂŶĚĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĂƌĞ͘'ŝǀĞŶƚŚŝƐƉŽƚĞŶƟĂůƉƵƌƉŽƐĞ͕ĐŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƟŶŐ
ĂŶĚ ŝŵƉƌĂĐƟĐĂů͟ ;ĂŚůďĞƌŐ Θ DŽƐƐ͕ ϮϬϬϱ͕ Ɖ͘ ϭϳͿ͘ dŚĞƌĞĨŽƌĞ͕ ƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇ ƐƚĂƚĞŵĞŶƚƐ ŝŶǀŽůǀĞƐ ƚŚĞ ŶĂǀŝŐĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ ƉĞĚĂŐŽŐǇ͕
ĚŝƐĐŽƵƌƐĞƐ ĚŽ ŶŽƚ ũƵƐƚ ƌĞŇĞĐƚ ƚŚĞ ƌĞĂůŝƚǇ ƚŚĞǇ ĚĞƐĐƌŝďĞ͖ ƚŚĞǇ ƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇ͕ĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ͕ĂƐǁĞůůĂƐƐǇƐƚĞŵĂƟĐĂůůǇƐƵƐƚĂŝŶŝŶŐƚŚĞ
ǁŽƌŬƚŽĐƌĞĂƚĞƚŚĞŵĂƐŶŽƌŵĂůǁĂǇƐŽĨƚŚŝŶŬŝŶŐĂďŽƵƚƚŚŝŶŐƐ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ͛ ĞĐŽŶŽŵŝĐ ǀŝĂďŝůŝƚǇ͕ ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐ ĞǀĞƌͲŝŶĐƌĞĂƐŝŶŐ ƉƌŽĮƚ
;ŝƌĚ͕ϮϬϬϯͿ͘ƐĞĞŬƐƚŽƵŶĐŽǀĞƌĂŶĚĚŝƐƌƵƉƚƚŚĞƐĞƚĂŬĞŶͲĨŽƌͲ ŵĂƌŐŝŶƐ͘ WŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇ ƐƚĂƚĞŵĞŶƚƐ ŵŝŐŚƚ ďĞ ƐĞĞŶ ƚŽ ďĞ ƌŝƐŬǇ ƚŽ
ŐƌĂŶƚĞĚĚŝƐĐŽƵƌƐĞƐďǇĂƐŬŝŶŐŚŽǁƚŚĞǇŚĂǀĞĐŽŵĞƚŽďĞ͕ǁŚĂƚͬ future business if they challenge the current popular discourses
ǁŚŽƚŚĞǇƉƌŝǀŝůĞŐĞ͕ĂŶĚǁŚĂƚͬǁŚŽƚŚĞǇĞǆĐůƵĚĞ͘ ĂƌŽƵŶĚƚŚĞĐĂƌĞĂŶĚĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶŽĨǇŽƵŶŐĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͘
dŚŝƐůĞĂĚƐƚŽĂŶŽƚŚĞƌŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚĂƐƉĞĐƚŽĨƚŚĂƚŝƐƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌůǇ ^ĞǀĞƌĂů ĚŝƐĐŽƵƌƐĞƐ ĞŵĞƌŐĞĚ ĂĐƌŽƐƐ ƚŚĞ ϱϬ ƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇ

ƌĞůĞǀĂŶƚ ƚŽ ƚŚŝƐ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ͘ dŚŝƐ ŝƐ ďĞĐĂƵƐĞ ĚŝƐĐŽƵƌƐĞ ŝƐ ĂďŽƵƚ ƐƚĂƚĞŵĞŶƚƐĞǆĂŵŝŶĞĚĨŽƌƚŚŝƐƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ͘dŚĞƐĞďŽƚŚĞǆĞŵƉůŝĮĞĚ
ƚŚĞ ĐŽŶƚĞƐƚĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ ƉŽǁĞƌ͕ ĂŶĚ ŝƐ ƐŽĐŝĂůůǇ ;ĂŶĚ ƉŽůŝƟĐĂůůǇͿ ĂŶĚ ƌĞƐŝƐƚĞĚ ĐƵƌƌĞŶƚ ĚŽŵŝŶĂŶƚ ŶĞŽͲůŝďĞƌĂů ŝĚĞŽůŽŐŝĞƐ
ĐŽŶƐƟƚƵƚĞĚ͕ĂŶĚĐƌŝƟĐĂůĚŝƐĐŽƵƌƐĞĂŶĂůǇƐŝƐŽĨĐĞŶƚƌĞƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĞƐ ĚŽŵŝŶĂƟŶŐ ƚŚĞ ĐƵƌƌĞŶƚ ƉŽůŝƟĐĂů ůĂŶĚƐĐĂƉĞ ŝŶ ͘ tĞ ŚĂǀĞ
ŝŶĐůƵĚĞƐ ƚŚĞ ǁĂǇ ŝŶ ǁŚŝĐŚ ĐŽŵƉĞƟŶŐ ŝĚĞŽůŽŐŝĞƐ ǁŝƚŚŝŶ Ă ƚĞǆƚ ĐŚŽƐĞŶĨŽƵƌŽĨƚŚĞƐĞƚŽĞǆƉůŽƌĞĨŽƌƚŚĞƉƵƌƉŽƐĞŽĨƚŚŝƐĂƌƟĐůĞ͘
ƐƚƌƵŐŐůĞĨŽƌĚŽŵŝŶĂƟŽŶ͘dĞĂĐŚĞƌ͛ƐƉĞƌƐŽŶĂůǀĂůƵĞƐĂŶĚďĞůŝĞĨƐ dŚĞĮƌƐƚƚǁŽǁĞƌĞĚŽŵŝŶĂŶƚĚŝƐĐŽƵƌƐĞƐʹƐƉŽŬĞŶŝŶƚŚĞŵĂũŽƌŝƚǇ
ŵƵƐƚ ďĞ ŶĞŐŽƟĂƚĞĚ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ ƚĞĂŵ ŽĨ ƉĞŽƉůĞ ĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŶŐ ƚŽ ŽĨ ƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇ ƐƚĂƚĞŵĞŶƚƐ ĂŶĂůǇƐĞĚ͘ dŚĞƐĞ ǁĞƌĞ ĚŝƐĐŽƵƌƐĞƐ
ƚŚĞƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇ͕ďƵƚǁŝůůĂůƐŽŝŶĐůƵĚĞƚŚĞĚŽŵŝŶĂŶƚĚŝƐĐŽƵƌƐĞƐŽĨ ĂďŽƵƚĐŚŝůĚͲĐĞŶƚƌĞĚƉĞĚĂŐŽŐŝĞƐĂŶĚƉůĂǇ͕ĂŶĚĚŝƐĐŽƵƌƐĞƐĂďŽƵƚ
ƚŚĞƐĞĐƚŽƌƚŚĂƚĂƌĞ͕ƚŚĞŵƐĞůǀĞƐ͕ĂƚƟŵĞƐĐŽŵƉĞƟŶŐ͘dŚĞǇŵƵƐƚ ĐŽŵƉĞƚĞŶƚ ĂŶĚ ĐĂƉĂďůĞ ůĞĂƌŶĞƌƐ͘ dŚĞ ŽƚŚĞƌ ƚǁŽ ĚŝƐĐŽƵƌƐĞƐ
ŵĂŬĞĚĞĐŝƐŝŽŶƐĂďŽƵƚǁŚĂƚƚŽŝŶĐůƵĚĞ͕ĂŶĚǁŚĂƚŝƐŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚ͘ ĚŝƐĐƵƐƐĞĚŚĞƌĞĂƌĞĐŚŽƐĞŶďĞĐĂƵƐĞ͕ĚĞƐƉŝƚĞƚŚĞĨĂĐƚƚŚĂƚƉŽůŝĐǇ
dŚĞƐĞŝŶĐůƵƐŝŽŶƐ;ĂŶĚĞǆĐůƵƐŝŽŶƐͿƌĞŇĞĐƚĚŽŵŝŶĂŶƚĚŝƐĐŽƵƌƐĞƐ͕ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚƐƚŚĞŝƌŵĞƐƐĂŐĞƐĂďŽƵƚĞƋƵŝƚǇĂŶĚƐŽĐŝĂůũƵƐƟĐĞ͕ƚŚĞǇ
ĞǀĞŶ ŝĨ ƚŚŝƐ ŝƐ Ă ůĂƌŐĞůǇ ĂŶ ƵŶĐŽŶƐĐŝŽƵƐ ĂĐƚ ŽŶ ďĞŚĂůĨ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ǁĞƌĞŶŽƚƐƚƌŽŶŐůǇĞǆƉƌĞƐƐĞĚĂĐƌŽƐƐƚŚĞƐƚĂƚĞŵĞŶƚƐ͘ůƚŚŽƵŐŚ
ǁƌŝƚĞƌƐ͘ ƐŽŵĞƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐƐŚŽǁĞĚƌĞƐŝƐƚĂŶĐĞƚŽŶĞŽͲůŝďĞƌĂůĂŶĚŶĞŽͲ
ĐŽůŽŶŝĂůŝĚĞŽůŽŐŝĞƐĐŽŶĐĞƌŶŝŶŐĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͕ƚĞĂĐŚŝŶŐĂŶĚůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ͕
/^h^^/KEKE&/E/E'^ ƚŚĞ ƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚ ůĂĐŬ ŽĨ ŝŶĐůƵƐŝŽŶ ĂŶĚ ďŝĐƵůƚƵƌĂůŝƐŵ ŝŶĚŝĐĂƚĞƐ
ŵĂƌŐŝŶĂůŝƐĞĚĚŝƐĐŽƵƌƐĞƐ͘
This reseĂƌĐŚ ŝĚĞŶƟĮĞĚ ƐĞǀĞƌĂů ƚĞŶƐŝŽŶƐ ĐŽŶĐĞƌŶŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ
purpose and place of philosophy statements for early childhood
,/>ͳEdZEW>zͳ^W'K'/^
ĐĞŶƚƌĞƐ͘ĂŚůďĞƌŐĂŶĚDŽƐƐ;ϮϬϬϱͿŵĞŶƟŽŶƚŚĞƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶĐĞŽĨ
ƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇ ŝŶ ĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ ƚŚĂƚ ƉƌŽďůĞŵĂƟƐĞƐ ƚĂŬĞŶ ĨŽƌ ŐƌĂŶƚĞĚ WůĂǇĂƐƚŚĞŵĂŝŶǀĞŚŝĐůĞĨŽƌůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐǁĂƐĂĚŽŵŝŶĂŶƚĚŝƐĐŽƵƌƐĞ
ƚƌƵƚŚƐ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ ĐŽŵƉůĞǆŝƚǇ ŽĨ ŝƐƐƵĞƐ ŝŶ ĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ͘ hƐŝŶŐ ƚŚŝƐ ĂĐƌŽƐƐƚŚĞƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇƐƚĂƚĞŵĞŶƚƐ͕ƌĞŇĞĐƟŶŐĂŶĞŶƚƌĞŶĐŚĞĚĂŶĚ
ƉĞƌƐƉĞĐƟǀĞ͕ ǁĞ ŵŝŐŚƚ ĞǆƉĞĐƚ ƚŚĂƚ͕ ĚƵƌŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ĐŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƟŽŶ ƉƌŝǀŝůĞŐĞĚĚŝƐĐŽƵƌƐĞŝŶƚŚĞƐĞĐƚŽƌ;dŚŽŵĂƐ͕tĂƌƌĞŶΘĞǀĞƌŝĞƐ͕
ŽĨ Ă ƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇ ŽĨ ĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ͕ Ă ĐĞŶƚƌĞ ĚŝĂůŽŐƵĞ ŽĐĐƵƌƐ ĂďŽƵƚ ϮϬϭϭͿ͘>ĞĂƌŶŝŶŐĂŶĚƚĞĂĐŚŝŶŐǁĞƌĞŵŽƐƚůǇƉŽƐŝƟŽŶĞĚǁŝƚŚŝŶĂ
ĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶƚŚĞŽƌǇ͕ƚŚĞƉƵƌƉŽƐĞƐĂŶĚŵĞƚŚŽĚƐŽĨĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ ĨƌĂŵĞǁŽƌŬƚŚĂƚƉƌŝǀŝůĞŐĞĚƚŚĞĐŚŝůĚ͛ƐĞǆƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞƐĂŶĚŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƚƐ
ƚŚĞ ƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌ ŶŽƌŵĂƟǀĞ ƉŽƐŝƟŽŶƐ ƚŚĂƚ ĂƌĞ ďĞŝŶŐ ĞǆƉƌĞƐƐĞĚ͕ ĂƐ ƚŚĞ ĐĞŶƚƌĂů ĨŽĐƵƐ ĨƌŽŵ ǁŚŝĐŚ Ă ŶĞŐŽƟĂƚĞĚ ĐƵƌƌŝĐƵůƵŵ
ŝŶ ŽƚŚĞƌ ǁŽƌĚƐ͕ ĚŝƐĐƵƐƐŝŽŶ ĂŶĚ ƋƵĞƐƟŽŶŝŶŐ ĂďŽƵƚ ƚĞĂĐŚŝŶŐ ƵŶĨŽůĚĞĚ͘ ^ĞǀĞŶƚǇ ƉĞƌĐĞŶƚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĞƐ ĂŶĂůǇƐĞĚ
ƚŚĞŽƌŝĞƐ ĂŶĚ ƉƌĂĐƟĐĞƐ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ ƌĞůĞǀĂŶĐĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞƐĞ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ƌĞĨĞƌĞŶĐĞĚ ƉůĂǇ ĂŶĚ ĐŚŝůĚͲĐĞŶƚƌĞĚ ƉĞĚĂŐŽŐŝĞƐ͘ ^ƚĂƚĞŵĞŶƚƐ
ĐŽŶƚĞǆƚŽĨƚŚĞĐĞŶƚƌĞ͘dŚĞƉƌŽĐĞƐƐĞƐĨŽƌŚŽǁĐĞŶƚƌĞƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇ ƐƵĐŚ ĂƐ͕ ͞tĞ ďĞůŝĞǀĞ ŝŶ ĨŽƐƚĞƌŝŶŐ ĂŶ ĞŶũŽǇŵĞŶƚ ŽĨ ůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ͕
ƐƚĂƚĞŵĞŶƚƐǁĞƌĞĂƌƌŝǀĞĚĂƚǁĞƌĞŶŽƚƵƐƵĂůůǇƌĞǀĞĂůĞĚŽŶĐĞŶƚƌĞ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚĂĐƟǀĞĞǆƉůŽƌĂƟŽŶ͕ĐŚŝůĚͲŝŶŝƟĂƚĞĚƉůĂǇĂŶĚĞǆƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞƐ
ǁĞďƐŝƚĞƐ͘/ƚǁĂƐŶŽƚƉŽƐƐŝďůĞƚŽŬŶŽǁ͕ŝŶƚŚŝƐƐŵĂůůƉƌŽũĞĐƚ͕ǁŚŽ ĂŶĚ ŝŶƚĞƌĂĐƟŽŶƐ ǁŝƚŚ ŽƚŚĞƌƐ͕͟ ĂŶĚ͕ ͞tĞ ďĞůŝĞǀĞ ƚŚĂƚ ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ
ǁĂƐŝŶǀŽůǀĞĚĂŶĚǁŚĂƚĚŝƐĐƵƐƐŝŽŶƐƚŽŽŬƉůĂĐĞ͘ ĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚƚŚĞĨŽƵŶĚĂƟŽŶĂůƐŬŝůůƐĨŽƌůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƉůĂǇ͕͟ĂŶĚ͕
͞tĞďĞůŝĞǀĞƚŚĂƚƉůĂǇŝƐƚŚĞďĞƐƚƚŽŽůĨŽƌůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ͕͟ǁĞƌĞƚǇƉŝĐĂů͘
47
WůĂǇǁĂƐƵƐƵĂůůǇĨƵƌƚŚĞƌĚĞĮŶĞĚĂƐĐŚŝůĚͲůĞĚŽƌĐŚŝůĚͲŝŶŝƟĂƚĞĚ͘ dŚĞƌĞĨŽƌĞ͕ ƚŚĞ ĚŝƐĐŽƵƌƐĞ ŽĨ ƉůĂǇ ĐĂŶ ƐĞƌǀĞ ƚŽ ŝƐŽůĂƚĞ ĂŶĚ
&ŽůůŽǁŝŶŐ ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͛Ɛ ŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƚƐ͕ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƟŶŐ ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ ƚŽ ĞǆƉůŽƌĞ͕ ĚŝƐĐŽŶŶĞĐƚ ĨĂŵŝůŝĞƐ ĨƌŽŵ ĨƵƌƚŚĞƌ ŝŶǀŽůǀĞŵĞŶƚ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ
ĚŝƐĐŽǀĞƌ͕ ŵĂŬĞ ƚŚĞŝƌ ŽǁŶ ĐŚŽŝĐĞƐ ĂŶĚ ďĞ ŝŶĚĞƉĞŶĚĞŶƚ ǁĞƌĞ ĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚ͘ hŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ ƚŚĂƚ ƉůĂǇ ŝƐ Ă ĚŝƐĐŽƵƌƐĞ ƚŚĂƚ
Ăůů ĐŽŵŵŽŶ ŝĚĞĂƐ͘ &Žƌ ĞǆĂŵƉůĞ͗ ͞KƵƌ ƚĞĂĐŚŝŶŐ ƉƌŽŐƌĂŵŵĞ ŝƐ ƉƌŝǀŝůĞŐĞƐƚŚŽƐĞǁŚŽƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚĂŶĚǀĂůƵĞƉůĂǇŝŶƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐĂůƐŽ
ďĂƐĞĚƵƉŽŶĞǆƚĞŶĚŝŶŐĞĂĐŚŝŶĚŝǀŝĚƵĂůĐŚŝůĚ͛ƐŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƚƐ͘͟ ŝŶǀŝƚĞƐƚĞĂĐŚĞƌƐƚŽŚĞĂƌŽƚŚĞƌǁĂǇƐŽĨƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͛Ɛ
ůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐƚŚĂƚŵŝŐŚƚďĞŵŽƌĞŝŶĐůƵƐŝǀĞŽĨĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚǁŽƌůĚǀŝĞǁƐ͘
/ƚ ŝƐ ƵŶƐƵƌƉƌŝƐŝŶŐ ƚŚĂƚ ƉůĂǇ ĂŶĚ ĐŚŝůĚͲĐĞŶƚĞƌĞĚ ĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚĞƐ ƚŽ dŚĞĐŚŝůĚĂƐĂĐĂƉĂďůĞĂŶĚĐŽŵƉĞƚĞŶƚŝŶĚŝǀŝĚƵĂů
ůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐŚĂǀĞƐƵĐŚĂƐƚƌŽŶŐǀŽŝĐĞŝŶƚŚĞƐƚĂƚĞŵĞŶƚƐ͘ŽƚĞĂƌŽĂ
EĞǁ ĞĂůĂŶĚ͛Ɛ ĞĂƌůǇ ĐŚŝůĚŚŽŽĚ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ ĂƌĞ ƐƟůů ŝŶŇƵĞŶĐĞĚ ďǇ KƵƚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ϱϬ ĐĞŶƚƌĞ ƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇ ƐƚĂƚĞŵĞŶƚƐ ĂŶĂůǇƐĞĚ͕ ϳϴй
ƚŚĞŽƌŝƐƚƐƐƵĐŚĂƐZŽƵƐƐĞĂƵĂŶĚ&ƌŽĞďĞů͕ǁŚŽĐŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƚƚŚĞŝĚĞĂ ƉĞƌĐĞŶƚ ŝĚĞŶƟĮĞĚ ĞĂĐŚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ĨŽůůŽǁŝŶŐ ƚĞƌŵƐ͖ ƚŚĞ ĐŚŝůĚ ĂƐ
ŽĨ Ă ͚ŶĂƚƵƌĂů ĐŚŝůĚ͛ ĂŶĚ ƉůĂǇ ĂƐ Ă ŶĂƚƵƌĂů ǀĞŚŝĐůĞ ĨŽƌ ůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ͘ ͚ĐĂƉĂďůĞ͕͛ ͚ĐŽŵƉĞƚĞŶƚ͛ ĂŶĚ ͚ŝŶĚŝǀŝĚƵĂů͛͘ dŚĞƐĞ ĐŽŶĐĞƉƚƐ ŚĂǀĞ
/Ŷ ĂĚĚŝƟŽŶ͕ ƚŚĞŽƌŝĞƐ ƐƵĐŚ ĂƐ WŝĂŐĞƚ͛Ɛ ƐƚĂŐĞƐ ŽĨ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ͕ become increasingly embedded in the lexicon of early childhood
ǁŚŝĐŚ ƉŽƐŝƟŽŶƐ ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͛Ɛ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ ĂƐ ƵŶĨŽůĚŝŶŐ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĚŝƐĐŽƵƌƐĞǁŝƚŚŝŶŽƚĞĂƌŽĂEĞǁĞĂůĂŶĚ͘tĞĂůƐŽƐĞĞ
ƉůĂǇ͕ĂŶĚsǇŐŽƚƐŬǇ͛ƐƐŽĐŝŽͲĐƵůƚƵƌĂůĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚƚŚĞŽƌǇ͕ǁŚŝĐŚ ƚŚĞƐĞ ĐŽŶĐĞƉƚƐ ƌĞĐŽƌĚĞĚ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚŽƵƚ ĐƵƌƌŝĐƵůƵŵ ĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚƐ͕
emphasises the importance of children learning through play ƐƵĐŚ ĂƐ dĞ tŚĈƌŝŬŝ;DŝŶŝƐƚƌǇ ŽĨ ĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ͕ ϭϵϵϲͿ͕ <Ğŝ dƵĂ Ž
ĂůŽŶŐƐŝĚĞĂƐŬŝůůĞĚŐƵŝĚĞ͕ĐŽŶƟŶƵĞƚŽŝŶŇƵĞŶĐĞƚŚĞƐĞĐƚŽƌ͘ůů ƚĞ WĂĞͬƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚ ĨŽƌ >ĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ͗ ĂƌůǇ ŚŝůĚŚŽŽĚ ǆĞŵƉůĂƌƐ
ŽĨƚŚĞƐĞ;ĂƐǁĞůůĂƐDĈŽƌŝƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĂůĂŶĚƉĞĚĂŐŽŐŝĐĂůŝĚĞĂƐͿ ;DŝŶŝƐƚƌǇ ŽĨ ĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ͕ ϮϬϬϰͿ͕ ĂŶĚ ĨƵƌƚŚĞƌ ĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ ZĞǀŝĞǁ
ĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƚĞ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ĨŽƵŶĚĂƟŽŶƐ ŽĨ dĞ tŚĈƌŝŬŝ͕ ǁŚŝĐŚ ŽƵƚůŝŶĞƐ ƉƵďůŝĐĂƟŽŶƐ ƚĂƌŐĞƟŶŐ ŶŽƟŽŶƐ ŽĨ ƋƵĂůŝƚǇ ƉƌĂĐƟĐĞ ;ĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ
ƚŚĞ ŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶĐĞ ŽĨ ƚĞĂĐŚĞƌƐ ĂŶĚ ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ ǁĞĂǀŝŶŐ ƚŚĞŝƌ ŽǁŶ ZĞǀŝĞǁ KĸĐĞ͕ ϮϬϭϱͿ͘ ^ƵĐŚ ĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚƐ ĂƩĞŵƉƚ ƚŽ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞ
ĐƵƌƌŝĐƵůĂƚŚĂƚĂƌĞƉĞƌƐŽŶĂůůǇ͕ůŽĐĂůůǇ͕ĂŶĚĐƵůƚƵƌĂůůǇŵĞĂŶŝŶŐĨƵů͘ ĞĂƌůǇĐŚŝůĚŚŽŽĚƚĞĂĐŚĞƌƐǁŝƚŚĂŶŝĚĞŽůŽŐǇĨŽƌƉĞĚĂŐŽŐǇ͕ĞƚŚŝĐƐ
dŚĞƌĞĨŽƌĞ͕ĐŚŝůĚͲĐĞŶƚƌĞĚĂŶĚƉůĂǇͲďĂƐĞĚƉĞĚĂŐŽŐŝĞƐŚĂǀĞĚĞĞƉ ŝŶ ƚĞĂĐŚĞƌ ƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐ ĂŶĚ ƐŽĐŝŽůŽŐŝĐĂů ĐŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƚƐ ŽĨ ĐŚŝůĚŚŽŽĚ͘
ƌŽŽƚƐŝŶƚŚĞŽƚĞĂƌŽĂEĞǁĞĂůĂŶĚĞĂƌůǇĐŚŝůĚŚŽŽĚĞǆƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ͘ dŚĞĨŽůůŽǁŝŶŐƐƚĂƚĞŵĞŶƚƐ͕ĂůƚŚŽƵŐŚǀĂƌŝĞĚ͕ƉƌŝŵĂƌŝůǇĞǆƉƌĞƐƐĞĚ
ĂŶŝŵĂŐĞŽĨƚŚĞĐŚŝůĚĂƐĂĚĞǀĞůŽƉŝŶŐ͕ĐĂƉĂďůĞĂŶĚĐŽŵƉĞƚĞŶƚ
dŚĞ ŝĚĞĂ ƚŚĂƚ ƉůĂǇ ĐŽŶƟŶƵĞƐ ƚŽ ďĞ Ă ƉƌŝǀŝůĞŐĞĚ ĚŝƐĐŽƵƌƐĞ ŝŶ
ŝŶĚŝǀŝĚƵĂů͘ ͞tĞ ďĞůŝĞǀĞ ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ ĂƌĞ ĐĂƉĂďůĞ͕ ĂŶĚ ǁĞ Ăŝŵ ƚŽ
the sector possibly stands in resistance to concerns about a
ĨŽĐƵƐ ŽŶ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŝŶŐ ƚŚĞŝƌ ĨƵůů ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂů͕͟ ͞KƵƌ Ăŝŵ ŝƐ ĨŽƌ Ăůů
ĐƌĞĞƉŝŶŐƐĐŚŽŽůŝĮĐĂƟŽŶŽĨ;ůĐŽĐŬ͕ϮϬϭϯ͖^ƚŽǀĞƌ͕ϮϬϭϯͿ͘&Žƌ
ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ ƚŽ ďĞ ĐŽŵƉĞƚĞŶƚ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŶĮĚĞŶƚ ůĞĂƌŶĞƌƐ͕͟ ĂŶĚ͕ ͞tĞ
ĞǆĂŵƉůĞ͕ůĐŽĐŬ;ϮϬϭϯͿǁŽƌƌŝĞƐƚŚĂƚƚŚĞĨƵƚƵƌĞŽĨŝŶŽƚĞƌŽĂ
ďĞůŝĞǀĞĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶĂƌĞƵŶŝƋƵĞŝŶĚŝǀŝĚƵĂůƐĂŶĚǁĞĂƐƉŝƌĞƚŽďƵŝůĚ
EĞǁĞĂůĂŶĚŝƐƉůĂǇůĞƐƐ͕ŶŽƟŶŐƚŚĂƚƚŚĞDŝŶŝƐƚƌǇŽĨĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ͛Ɛ
ƚŚĞŝƌĐŽŶĮĚĞŶĐĞĂƐĐĂƉĂďůĞĂŶĚĐŽŵƉĞƚĞŶƚůĞĂƌŶĞƌƐ͘͟
ǁĞďƐŝƚĞ ŵĂŬĞƐ ĂůŵŽƐƚ ŶŽ ƌĞĨĞƌĞŶĐĞ ƚŽ ƉůĂǇ ;ďƵƚ ƉůĞŶƚǇ ƚŽ
ĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ͕ ůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚͿ͘ DŽƌĞŽǀĞƌ͕ ůĐŽĐŬ
/Ŷ ƚŚĞ ĂŶĂůǇƐŝƐ ŽĨ ĞĂƌůǇ ĐŚŝůĚŚŽŽĚ ƐƚĂƚĞŵĞŶƚ ƚĞǆƚƐ͕ ŝƚ ŝƐ
;ϮϬϭϯͿ ĞǆƉƌĞƐƐĞƐ ĐŽŶĐĞƌŶ ƚŚĂƚ ƚŚĞ ŝŶƚƌŽĚƵĐƟŽŶ ŽĨ EĂƟŽŶĂů
ŝŵƉĞƌĂƟǀĞ ƚŽ ĂƐŬ ŚŽǁ ƚŚĞƐĞ ĐƵƌƌĞŶƚ ƐƚĂƚĞŵĞŶƚƐ ĞǀŝĚĞŶƚ ŝŶ
^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ƐĐŚŽŽů ƐĞĐƚŽƌ ǁŝůů ŚĂǀĞ Ă ĚŽǁŶǁĂƌĚ ƉƵƐŚ͕
ĚŝƐĐŽƵƌƐĞĂƌĞŶŽƚŶĞƵƚƌĂůĂŶĚŚŽǁƚŚĞƐĞĐŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƚƐŵĂǇƚƵƌŶ
ŵĞĂŶŝŶŐ ƉƌĞƉĂƌĂƟŽŶ ĨŽƌ ƐĐŚŽŽů ďĞĐŽŵĞƐ Ă ĐĞŶƚƌĂů ĐŽŶĐĞƌŶ
ƐƵďũĞĐƟǀĞƉĞƌƐƉĞĐƟǀĞƐŝŶƚŽŽďũĞĐƟǀĞƌĞĂůŝƟĞƐ͘&ŽƵĐĂƵůƚ;ϭϵϴϬͿ
ĨŽƌ ĞĂƌůǇ ĐŚŝůĚŚŽŽĚ ĐĞŶƚƌĞƐ͘ /ŶĐƌĞĂƐŝŶŐůǇ͕ ƚŚĞ ŶĞŽͲůŝďĞƌĂů ĐŚŝůĚ
ĚĞƐĐƌŝďĞƐŚŽǁƚŚĞŚƵŵĂŶƐƵďũĞĐƚŝƐŐŽǀĞƌŶĞĚďǇƚŚĞƐƚĂƚĞĂŶĚ
ŝƐ ƉŽƐŝƟŽŶĞĚ ŝŶ ƚŚĞŝƌ ĂďŝůŝƚǇ ƚŽ ĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƚĞ ƚŽ ĨƵƚƵƌĞ ŶĂƟŽŶĂů
ĐĞŶƚƌĂůŝƐĞĚ ƐƚĂƚĞ ĂƉƉĂƌĂƚƵƐ͘ dŚĞ ƐƚĂƚĞ ĐŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƚƐ ĂŶ ŝŵĂŐĞ
ĂŶĚ ŐůŽďĂů ĞĐŽŶŽŵŝĞƐ ʹ ƚŚĞ ŶĞŽͲůŝďĞƌĂů ĐŚŝůĚ ŝƐ ŝŶĚŝǀŝĚƵĂůŝƐƚ͕
ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ŚƵŵĂŶ ƐƵďũĞĐƚ͕ ŽŶĞ ƚŚĂƚ ŝƐ ĐƵůƚƵƌĂůůǇ ĂŶĚ ďŝŽůŽŐŝĐĂůůǇ
ĐŽŶƐƵŵĞƌŝƐƚĂŶĚĐŽŵƉĞƟƟǀĞ;&ĂƌƋƵŚĂƌ͕ϮϬϭϮͿ͘/ƚŵŝŐŚƚďĞƚŚĂƚ
ĚĞĮŶĞĚ͕ŝŶĂĐĐŽƌĚĂŶĐĞƚŽƌĂĐĞ͕ƐĞǆĂŶĚĐůĂƐƐ͘,ŽǁĞǀĞƌ͕ŽŶŐŽŝŶŐ
ĐŽŶƟŶƵŝŶŐ ƚŽ ƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ ƉůĂǇ ĂƐ ĂŶ ŽƌŐĂŶŝƐŝŶŐ ƉƌŝŶĐŝƉůĞ ŝŶ ĞĂƌůǇ
ĐŚĂŶŐĞƐŝŶĐŽŶƚĞŵƉŽƌĂƌǇƐŽĐŝĞƚǇŚĂǀĞƚƌŽƵďůĞĚŚŽǁƚŚĞŚƵŵĂŶ
ĐŚŝůĚŚŽŽĚƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐĂŬŝŶĚŽĨƉƌŽƚĞĐƟǀĞƐŚŝĞůĚŝŶǁŚŝĐŚ
ƐƵďũĞĐƚ ŝƐ ŐŽǀĞƌŶĞĚ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ƚŚĞ ƐƚĂƚĞ͘ dŚĞ ŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞ ŝŶ ŐůŽďĂů
ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶĂŶĚƚŚĞŝƌůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐŝƐĂďůĞƚŽďĞĐŽůůĂďŽƌĂƟǀĞ͕ĐŽůůĞĐƟǀĞ͕
ŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶ ƚĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐŝĞƐ͕ ŶĞǁ ŵŽĚĞƐ ŽĨ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶ͕
ƐŚĂƌĞĚĂŶĚůŽĐĂůůǇŵĞĂŶŝŶŐĨƵů͘
ĂŶĚ ŶĞƚǁŽƌŬ ƐǇƐƚĞŵƐ ƉƌŽůŝĨĞƌĂƚĞ ďŽƵŶĚĂƌŝĞƐ͕ ǁŚĞƌĞ ŵŽŶĞǇ
,ŽǁĞǀĞƌ͕ ŝƚ ŝƐ ǁŽƌƚŚ ƋƵĞƐƟŽŶŝŶŐ ĨƵƌƚŚĞƌ ŚŽǁ ǁĞ ƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚ ĂŶĚ ŐŽŽĚƐ ĂƌĞ ĞǆĐŚĂŶŐĞĚ͕ ǁŚĞƌĞ ƉĞŽƉůĞ ƚƌĂǀĞƌƐĞ ƐŽĐŝĂů ĂŶĚ
ƉůĂǇ͕ ǁŚŽƐĞ ĞǆƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞƐ ĂƌĞ ƉƌŝǀŝůĞŐĞĚ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ƚŚĞ ŶŽƟŽŶ ŽĨ ĞĐŽŶŽŵŝĐƚĞƌƌĂŝŶƐŐůŽďĂůůǇ͘/ŶĂŶĞǀĞƌͲŝŶĐƌĞĂƐŝŶŐŐůŽďĂůŵĂƌŬĞƚ͕
ƉůĂǇ͕ĂŶĚǁŚŽŵŝŐŚƚďĞƐŝůĞŶĐĞĚŽƌŵĂƌŐŝŶĂůŝǌĞĚďǇƚŚŝƐĚŽŵŝŶĂŶƚ ƚŚĞƉƌŝǀĂƟƐĂƟŽŶŽĨƐŽĐŝĞƚǇ͛ƐŝŶƐƟƚƵƟŽŶƐŽīĞƌƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐŽĨĐŚŽŝĐĞ
ĚŝƐĐŽƵƌƐĞ͘^ĞǀĞƌĂůĂƵƚŚŽƌƐƐĞĞŬƚŽƚƌŽƵďůĞƚŚĞĚŝƐĐŽƵƌƐĞŽĨƉůĂǇ ĂŶĚ͕ǁŝƚŚƚŚĂƚ͕ŐŽǀĞƌŶŝŶŐƚŚĂƚƚĂŬĞƐƉůĂĐĞůŽĐĂůůǇ͘͟tĞĂƌĞŶŽ
ŝŶ͘ĂŶĞůůĂĂŶĚsŝƌƵƌƵ;ϮϬϬϰͿĂƌŐƵĞƚŚĂƚƉůĂǇƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚƐƚŚĞ ůŽŶŐĞƌ ŐŽǀĞƌŶĞĚ ďǇ ĐĞŶƚƌĂůŝǌĞĚ ƐƚĂƚĞ ĂƉƉĂƌĂƚƵƐĞƐ͖ ǁĞ ĂƌĞ
ďŝĂƐĞƐĂŶĚǀĂůƵĞƐŽĨƚŚĞtĞƐƚĂŶĚƚŚĂƚ͞ƚŚĞĂĐĐĞƉƚĂŶĐĞŽĨƉůĂǇ ŝŶĚŝǀŝĚƵĂů͕ ĂƵƚŽŶŽŵŽƵƐ ĂŶĚ ŇĞǆŝďůĞ ƐƵďũĞĐƚƐ ƚŚĂƚ ŽŶ ĂĐĐŽƵŶƚ
ĂƐ Ă ƵŶŝǀĞƌƐĂů ĐŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƚ ĂƉƉůŝĐĂďůĞ ƚŽ Ăůů ĐƌĞĂƚĞƐ Ă ĐŽƌƉŽƌĂƚĞ ŽĨ ŽƵƌ ďŽƌĚĞƌͲĐƌŽƐƐŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ůŝďĞƌƚǇ ŽĨ ĐŚŽŝĐĞ ŽĨ ůŝĨĞƐƚǇůĞƐ ƚĂŬĞ
ƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞŽĨŶŽƌŵĂůŝƐĂƟŽŶ͕ĂŶĚĐŽŶƐĞƋƵĞŶƚůǇ͕ůĂďĞůƐĨŽƌƚŚŽƐĞ ŽŶŵƵůƟƉůĞ͕ĨƌĂĐƟŽŶĞĚĂŶĚŚǇďƌŝĚŝĚĞŶƟƟĞƐ͟;KƐďĞƌŐ͕ϮϬϬϵ͕Ɖ͘
considered abnormal because they can not or choose not to ϯϱͿ͘ dŚĞ ƉƌŝǀĂƟƐĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ ŝŶ ŽƚĞĂƌŽĂ EĞǁ ĞĂůĂŶĚ ŽīĞƌƐ
ƉůĂǇ͟ ;Ɖ͘ ϭϬϴͿ͘ ŚĂŶ ;ϮϬϭϭͿ ƉŽŝŶƚƐ ŽƵƚ ƚŚĂƚ ŶŽƚ Ăůů ĨĂŵŝůŝĞƐ ŝŶ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐŝŶƚŚĞŐƵŝƐĞŽĨĐŚŽŝĐĞ͖ƉĂƌĞŶƚƐŵĂǇĐŚŽŽƐĞĂĐĐŽƌĚŝŶŐ
EĞǁĞĂůĂŶĚ͕ĂŶĚ͕ŝŶƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌ͕ƐŽŵĞŝŵŵŝŐƌĂŶƚĨĂŵŝůŝĞƐ͕ǀĂůƵĞ ƚŽƚŚĞŝƌŝŶĚŝǀŝĚƵĂůƚĂƐƚĞƐĂŶĚƉƌĞĨĞƌĞŶĐĞƐ͘
ƉůĂǇĂƐƚŚĞƉƌŝŵĂƌǇǀĞŚŝĐůĞĨŽƌůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐŝŶƚŚĞƐĂŵĞǁĂǇ͘
48
tĞ ĂƐŬ͕ ĚŽĞƐ ƚŚŝƐ ƌŚĞƚŽƌŝĐ ŽĨ ŝŶĚŝǀŝĚƵĂů ĐŚŽŝĐĞ ĂŶĚ ĨƌĞĞĚŽŵ dŚĞƌĞƐƵƌŐĞŶĐĞŽĨĚĞĮĐŝƚǀŝĞǁƐŽĨĚŝƐĂďŝůŝƚǇŚĂƐďĞĞŶĞǆĂƐƉĞƌĂƚĞĚ
ŝŶŇƵĞŶĐĞ ƚŚĞ ŝŵĂŐĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ͚ŝŶĚŝǀŝĚƵĂů͕͛ ͚ĐŽŵƉĞƚĞŶƚ͛ ĐŚŝůĚ ďǇƚŚĞŵĂƌŬĞƚŵŽĚĞůŽĨĚĞůŝǀĞƌǇ͕ǁŚĞƌĞĐŽŶĐĞƌŶƐĂďŽƵƚĨƵŶĚŝŶŐ
ƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĞĚŝŶƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇƐƚĂƚĞŵĞŶƚƐ͍ ĂŶĚƌĞƐŽƵƌĐŝŶŐŝŶŇƵĞŶĐĞĚĞĐŝƐŝŽŶƐĂďŽƵƚŝŶĐůƵƐŝǀĞƉƌŽǀŝƐŝŽŶ͘
/Ŷ Ă ƉŽƐƚƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĂů ĚĞĐŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƟŽŶ ŽĨ ĐŚŝůĚŚŽŽĚ͕ ĂŚůďĞƌŐ dŚŝƐŝƐƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌůǇƉƌŽďůĞŵĂƟĐƌĞŐĂƌĚŝŶŐůĞŐŝƟŵŝƐŝŶŐƐƉĞĐŝĂůŝƐƚ

ĂŶĚ DŽƐƐ ;ϮϬϬϱͿ ŽďƐĞƌǀĞĚ ĂŶ ĞŵĞƌŐŝŶŐ ƐƵďũĞĐƟǀŝƚǇ ĨŽƌ ĂƐƐŝƐƚĂŶĐĞĂŶĚĨƵŶĚŝŶŐ͕ǁŚĞƌĞƚŚĞĨŽĐƵƐŝƐŽŶĚĞĮĐŝƚǀŝĞǁƐŽĨ
the child that relates directly to the philosophy statements ƚŚĞ ĐŚŝůĚ͘ ͞dŚĞ ĐŚŝůĚ ŝƐ ŝĚĞŶƟĮĞĚ ĂƐ ĚŝƐͬĂďůĞĚ ďǇ Ă ĐŽŵƉůĞǆ
ĂŶĂůǇƐĞĚ ǁŝƚŚŝŶ ƚŚŝƐ ƐƚƵĚǇ͘ dŚĞ ͚ĐŽŵƉĞƚĞŶƚ͕ ĂƵƚŽŶŽŵŽƵƐ ĂŶĚ ĨƵŶĚŝŶŐ ƌĞŐŝŵĞ͕ ƚŚĞŝƌ ŶĞĞĚƐ ƌĂƚŚĞƌ ƚŚĂŶ ƌŝŐŚƚƐ ĂƌĞ ƚŚĞ ĨŽĐƵƐ͕
ŇĞǆŝďůĞ ĐŚŝůĚ͛ ŝƐ ƉƌĞǀĂůĞŶƚ ŝŶ ŶĞǁ ĨŽƌŵƐ ŽĨ ĐŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƟǀŝƐŵ͘ ĂŶĚƚŚĞŝƌĚĞĮĐŝƚƐƌĂƚŚĞƌƚŚĂŶƚŚĞŝƌĐŽŵƉĞƚĞŶĐŝĞƐƵŶĚĞƌůŝŶĞĚ͟
dŚŝƐƐƵďũĞĐƟǀŝƚǇŽĨƚŚĞĞŵƉŽǁĞƌĞĚĐŚŝůĚƚŚĂƚƉƌŽďůĞŵƐŽůǀĞƐ͕ ;>ǇŽŶƐ͕ ϮϬϭϮ͕ Ɖ͘ ϯϵͿ͘ dŚŝƐ ƌĞĂůŝƚǇ ďĞĐŽŵĞƐ Ă ƐŽĐŝĂů ũƵƐƟĐĞ
ĂŶĂůǇƐĞƐĂŶĚƌĞŇĞĐƚƐŝƐĐƌĞĂƚĞĚƚŽĮƚƚŚĞŶĞŽͲůŝďĞƌĂůǁŽƌŬĨŽƌĐĞ͕ ŝƐƐƵĞ͕ ĂƐ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĐŽŶĚƵĐƚĞĚ ǁŝƚŚŝŶ ŽƚĞĂƌŽĂ EĞǁ ĞĂůĂŶĚ
ĂƐǁĞůůĂƐĨŽƐƚĞƌŝŶŐůŝďĞƌĂůŝƐƚƐ͛ŝĚĞĂůƐŽĨĐŝƟǌĞŶƐŚŝƉ͘͞dŚŝƐƐƵďũĞĐƚ ŚĂǀĞ ĚĞƐĐƌŝďĞĚ ƉƌĂĐƟĐĞƐ ŽĨ ĞǆĐůƵƐŝŽŶ͕ ŝŶǀŽůǀŝŶŐ ĐŽŶĚŝƟŽŶĂů
ŝƐĂŶĞŶƚƌĞƉƌĞŶĞƵƌŝĂůƐĞůĨ͕ĂŇĞǆŝďůĞĂĐƚŽƌƌĞĂĚǇƚŽƌĞƐƉŽŶĚƚŽ ĞŶƌŽůŵĞŶƚĂŐƌĞĞŵĞŶƚƐ͘ǆƚƌĞŵĞĐĂƐĞƐƌĞƉŽƌƚĞĚƉĂƌĞŶƚƐŚĂǀŝŶŐ
ŶĞǁĞǀĞŶƚƵĂůŝƟĞƐĂŶĚĞŵƉŽǁĞƌĞĚƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƐĞůĨͲƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶƐĂŶĚ ďĞĞŶƌĞƋƵŝƌĞĚƚŽŵĞĞƚĂĚĚŝƟŽŶĂůĐŽƐƚƐĂŶĚŐŝǀĞŶůŝŵŝƚĞĚĂĐĐĞƐƐ
ƐĞůĨ ĂŶĂůǇƐŝƐ͙ƉƌĞƉĂƌĞĚ ƚŽ ďĞ Ă ŐůŽďĂů ĐŝƟǌĞŶ͕ ǁŽƌŬĞƌ͕ ŇĞǆŝďůĞ͕ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞŝƌ ĐŚŝůĚ ŝŶ ŚŽƵƌƐ ŽĨ ĂƩĞŶĚĂŶĐĞ ;DĂĐƌƚŚƵƌ͕ WƵƌĚƵĞ Θ
ĂĚĂƉƚĂďůĞ͕ ƌĞĂĚǇ ĨŽƌ ƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƟĞƐ ŝŶ ǁŽƌŬ ĂƐ ǁĞůů ĂƐ ŝŶ ΀ƚŚĞ΁ ĂůůĂƌĚ͕ϮϬϬϯ͖DĂĐĂƌƚŶĞǇ͕ϮϬϬϴ͖WƵƌĚƵĞ͕'ŽƌĚŽŶͲƵƌŶƐ͕ZĂƌĞƌĞͲ
ĨĂŵŝůǇ͟;ĂŚůďĞƌŐΘDŽƐƐ͕ϮϬϬϱ͕Ɖ͘ϯϴͿ͘ĐĐŽƌĚŝŶŐƚŽĂŚůďĞƌŐ ƌŝŐŐƐ͕^ƚĂƌŬΘdƵƌŶŽĐŬ͕ϮϬϭϭͿ͘
;ϮϬϬϯͿ͕ǁŝƚŚŝŶĐŽŶƚĞŵƉŽƌĂƌǇƐŽĐŝĞƚǇ͕ĐŽŶĐĞƉƟŽŶƐŽĨĐŽŵƉĞƚĞŶƚ
ĂŶĚ ĂƵƚŽŶŽŵŽƵƐ ďĞŚĂǀŝŽƵƌ ŚĂǀĞ ďĞĐŽŵĞ ĂŶŽƚŚĞƌ ǁĂǇ ŽĨ tĞ ĂƐŬ͖ ŝĨ ŝƚ ŝƐ Ă ƌŝŐŚƚ ĨŽƌ ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ ƚŽ ŚĂǀĞ ĂĐĐĞƐƐ ƚŽ ƋƵĂůŝƚǇ
ŐŽǀĞƌŶŝŶŐƐƵďũĞĐƚƐ͘ ͕ŚŽǁĚŽƌŝŐŚƚƐĚŝƐĐŽƵƌƐĞƐ;ĚŝƐͿƐĞƌǀĞƵƐ͍^ŬĞƉƟĐĂůŽĨƌŝŐŚƚƐ
ĚŝƐĐŽƵƌƐĞ͕ ĂŚůďĞƌŐ ĂŶĚ DŽƐƐ ;ϮϬϬϱͿ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞ Ă ĐƌŝƟƋƵĞ ŽĨ
tĞĂĐŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞƚŚĂƚ͕ǁŚŝůĞƚŚĞƐĞĐŽŶĐĞƉƚƐŚĂǀĞďĞŶĞĮƚƐĨŽƌ ůŝďĞƌĂůŝƐƚǀŝĞǁƐŽĨƌŝŐŚƚƐĂŶĚŚŝŐŚůŝŐŚƚƚŚĞƉĂƌĂĚŽǆŝĐĂůƉŽƐŝƟŽŶƐ
ŵĂŶǇĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͕ŝƚŝƐĂůƐŽƉƌŽďůĞŵĂƟĐ͕ĂƐŝƚŵĂǇďĞƐĞĞŶĂƐŶĞǁ ƉŽƐĞĚŝŶĚŝƐĐŽƵƌƐĞ͘dŚĞĐŽŶĐĞƉƚŽĨƌŝŐŚƚƐŝƐĂůǁĂǇƐĐŽŶƚĞǆƚƵĂů
ŵŽĚĞƐŽĨƐĞůĨͲŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚ͘ŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͛ƐƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƟŽŶĂƐĐŽŵƉĞƚĞŶƚ ĂŶĚŝƐŶĞŝƚŚĞƌŶĞƵƚƌĂůŽƌǀĂůƵĞĨƌĞĞ͘dŚĞŬĞǇĐŽŶĐĞƌŶƐĂƌĞǁŚĞŶ
ĂŶĚ ĐĂƉĂďůĞ ŝŶĚŝǀŝĚƵĂůƐ ŝƐ ŶŽƚ ŶĞƵƚƌĂů ĂŶĚ ĚĞĐŽŶƚĞǆƚƵĂůŝǌĞĚ͕ ƌŝŐŚƚƐĂƌĞĚŝƐĐƵƐƐĞĚŝŶĂĚĞĐŽŶƚĞǆƚƵĂůŝƐĞĚǁĂǇ͕ĂƐŝĨĂƵŶŝǀĞƌƐĂů
ĂƐ ĂůůƵĚĞĚ ƚŽ ŝŶ ƐŽŵĞ ĐĞŶƚƌĞ ƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇ ƐƚĂƚĞŵĞŶƚƐ͘ ,ĂƌƚƵŶŐ ŵŝŶŝŵƵŵĐŽŶĚŝƟŽŶƐƵĸĐĞƐĂŐŽŽĚůŝĨĞ;ŝĨĂŶǇͿ͘WĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌůŝďĞƌĂů
;ϮϬϭϭͿ ĞǆƉůĂŝŶƐ ƚŚĂƚ ƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƟŽŶ͕ ŽīĞƌĞĚ ĂƐ Ă ƚĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐǇ ŽĨ ĂŶĚ ůĞŐĂů ĚŝƐĐŽƵƌƐĞƐ ŚĂǀĞ ŐĞŶĞƌĂƚĞĚ Ă ŐƌĞĂƚĞƌ ƉƌĞǀĂůĞŶĐĞ ŽĨ
ƉŽǁĞƌ͕ ƉƌŽĚƵĐĞƐ Ă ƚǇƉĞ ŽĨ ŝŶĚŝǀŝĚƵĂůŝƚǇ ƚŚĂƚ ĐĂŶ ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂůůǇ ƌŝŐŚƚƐ ĚŝƐĐŽƵƌƐĞ͕ ǁŚŝĐŚ ĐŽŝŶĐŝĚĞƐ ǁŝƚŚ ĂŶ ƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ ŽĨ
ŚŽŵŽŐĞŶŝƐĞĂŶĚƵŶŝǀĞƌƐĂůŝƐĞĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶŝŶĂĐŽŶƐƚĂŶƚďŝŶĂƌǇǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞƐƵďũĞĐƚĂƐĂŶŝŶĚŝǀŝĚƵĂů͕ĂƵƚŽŶŽŵŽƵƐ͕ĂŶĚƌĂƟŽŶĂů͘ZŝŐŚƚƐ
ĂĚƵůƚƐ͘ŽŶƐĞƋƵĞŶƚůǇ͕ƚŚĞƌĞĂƉƉĞĂƌƐƚŽďĞůŝƩůĞƌŽŽŵĨŽƌƚŚŽƐĞ ŝŶǀŽůǀĞĂĐŽŶƚƌĂĐƚƵĂůĞǆĐŚĂŶŐĞďĞƚǁĞĞŶĐĂůĐƵůĂƟŶŐŝŶĚŝǀŝĚƵĂůƐ͕
ǁŚŽĚŽŶŽƚĐŽŶĨŽƌŵƚŽƚŚĞƐĞĚŝƐĐƵƌƐŝǀĞůĂďĞůƐ͘ ĂŶĚ ĂƌĞ ŽĨ ƚĂĐƟĐĂů ƉŽůŝƚĐĂů ǀĂůƵĞ͘ dŚĞ ĐŽŶĐĞƉƚ ŽĨ ƌŝŐŚƚƐ ŝƐ
ĂůǁĂǇƐƉƌĞƐĞŶƚŝŶĂƉŽǁĞƌͲƌĞůĂƟŽŶ͕ƉƌŽǀŝĚŝŶŐĂŐĞŶĐǇƚŽƚŚŽƐĞ
The exclusion of inclusion ǁŝƚŚ ůĞƐƐ ƉŽǁĞƌ͘ ǆƚĞŶĚŝŶŐ ŽƵƌ ƌĞĂĐŚ ŽƵƚƐŝĚĞ ŽĨ Ă ůŝďĞƌĂůŝƐƚ
/Ŷ ƚŚĞ ĂŶĂůǇƐŝƐ ŽĨ ĐĞŶƚƌĞ ƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇ ƐƚĂƚĞŵĞŶƚƐ͕ ŽŶůǇ ϭϲй ǀŝĞǁ ŽĨ ƌŝŐŚƚƐ͕ ĂŚůďĞƌŐ ĂŶĚ DŽƐƐ ;ϮϬϬϱͿ ŚĂǀĞ ƐƵŐŐĞƐƚĞĚ ĂŶ
ŽĨ ĞĂƌůǇ ĐŚŝůĚŚŽŽĚ ĐĞŶƚƌĞƐ ǁĞƌĞ ĞǆƉůŝĐŝƚ ĂďŽƵƚ ŝŶĐůƵƐŝŽŶ͘ ͚ĞƚŚŝĐŽĨƚŚĞĞŶĐŽƵŶƚĞƌ͛ĂŶĚ͚ĞƚŚŝĐƐŽĨĐĂƌĞ͛ŝŶĂƌĞͲŝŵĂŐŝŶŐŽĨ
/ŶĐůƵƐŝŽŶ͕ĂƐƐƉĞĐŝĮĞĚǁŝƚŚŝŶƚŚĞƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇƐƚĂƚĞŵĞŶƚƐ͕ǀĂƌŝĞĚ ĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ ƚŚĂƚ ĨŽƌĞŐƌŽƵŶĚƐ ŝŶƚĞƌͲĚĞƉĞŶĚĞŶĐĞ͘ /Ĩ ǁĞ ĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌ
ĨƌŽŵ ďƌŽĂĚ ĂŶĚ ŐĞŶĞƌĂů ĐůĂŝŵƐ ŽĨ ƉƌŽǀŝƐŝŽŶ ƚŽ ŵŽƌĞ ƐƉĞĐŝĮĐ ƚŚŝƐŝŶĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŽŶǁŝƚŚŝŶĐůƵƐŝŽŶ͕ƉĞƌŚĂƉƐĂĚŝĂůŽŐŝĐĂůƐƉĂĐĞĨŽƌ
commitments of accessibility for all children and inclusion ĞƚŚŝĐĂů ĐŚŽŝĐĞƐ ĐŽŶĐĞƌŶŝŶŐ ƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌ ĐŽŶĚŝƟŽŶƐ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŶƚĞǆƚƐ
ǁŝƚŚŝŶ ŚŽůŝƐƟĐ͕ ƐŽĐŝŽͲĐƵůƚƵƌĂů ƉĞƌƐƉĞĐƟǀĞƐ͘ &Žƌ ĞǆĂŵƉůĞ͕ ͞tĞ ŵĂǇĞŵĞƌŐĞ;ĂŚůďĞƌŐΘDŽƐƐ͕ϮϬϬϱͿ͘/ƚŝƐŶŽƚƚŽƐĂǇƚŚĂƚǁĞ
ďĞůŝĞǀĞŝŶƐƵƉƉŽƌƟŶŐĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶŚŽůŝƐƟĐĂůůǇ͕ŝŶĂƐŽĐŝŽͲĐƵůƚƵƌĂůĂŶĚ ƌĞƐŝƐƚƌŝŐŚƚƐĚŝƐĐŽƵƌƐĞ͕ŝƚŝƐƌĂƚŚĞƌĂŶŽƉĞŶŝŶŐĨŽƌĚŝĂůŽŐƵĞĂďŽƵƚ
ŝŶĐůƵƐŝǀĞĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚ͕͟͞tĞďĞůŝĞǀĞƚŚĂƚƚŚĞŝĚĞĂůĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚ ƌŝŐŚƚƐĂƐƵŶŝǀĞƌƐĂůĐŽĚĞƐĞŶƚƌĞŶĐŚĞĚŝŶŝŶĚŝǀŝĚƵĂůůŝďĞƌĂůŝƐŵ͘
ĨŽƌĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶŝƐŽŶĞƚŚĂƚŝƐĂĐĐĞƐƐŝďůĞĨŽƌĂůůĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͕͟ĂŶĚ͕͞tĞ
ƌĞƐƉĞĐƚ ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ ĂƐ ŝŶĚŝǀŝĚƵĂůƐ ĂŶĚ ďĞůŝĞǀĞ ŝŶ ƉƌŽǀŝĚŝŶŐ ĂŶ d,DZ'/E>/^d/KEK&/h>dhZ>W'K'/^
ĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚƚŚĂƚŝƐŝŶĐůƵƐŝǀĞĂŶĚǁĞůĐŽŵŝŶŐ͘͟
ĞƐƉŝƚĞ ƚŚĞ ƐĞĐƚŽƌ͛Ɛ ďŝĐƵůƚƵƌĂů ĐƵƌƌŝĐƵůƵŵ ĨƌĂŵĞǁŽƌŬ͕ dĞ
tŚĈƌŝŬŝ͕ĂŶĚƚŚĞƐƚƌŽŶŐƐƚĂƚĞŵĞŶƚƐŝŶƚŚŝƐĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚŽƵƚůŝŶŝŶŐ
tŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ ƵŶĚĞƌͲƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ ŝŶĐůƵƐŝŽŶ͕ ǁĞ ƋƵĞƐƟŽŶ
dĞdŝƌŝƟďĂƐĞĚŽďůŝŐĂƟŽŶƐŝŶƉƌĂĐƟĐĞ͕ŽŶůǇϱϰйŽĨƚŚĞƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇ
ŚŽǁ ŝŶĐůƵƐŝŽŶ ŵĂǇ ďĞ ŵĂƌŐŝŶĂůŝƐĞĚ ĂŶĚ ǁŚĂƚ ƚĞŶƐŝŽŶƐ ĂƌĞ
statements analysed indicated a commitment to bicultural
ƉƌĞƐĞŶƚ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ĐƵƌƌĞŶƚ ƉŽůŝƟĐĂů ĐůŝŵĂƚĞ͘ >ǇŽŶƐ ;ϮϬϭϮͿ ǁĂƌŶƐ
ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ Žƌ ƉƌĂĐƟĐĞƐ ĂƐ ƵŶĚĞƌƉŝŶŶŝŶŐ ƚŚĞŝƌ ĐĞŶƚƌĞƐ͛
ŚŽǁ ƉƌŝǀĂƟƐĂƟŽŶ ŚĂƐ ĐŚĂŶŐĞĚ ƐƚĂŬĞŚŽůĚĞƌƐ͛ ǀŝĞǁ ŽĨ ĞĂƌůǇ
ƉƌŽŐƌĂŵŵĞƐ͘ĐŽŵŵŝƚŵĞŶƚƚŽďŝĐƵůƚƵƌĂůƉƌĂĐƟĐĞƐǁĂƐŵŽƐƚůǇ
ĐŚŝůĚŚŽŽĚĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ͘tŝƚŚƚŚĞĐŽŵŵĞƌĐŝĂůǀŝĞǁ͕ĞīĞĐƟǀĞŶĞƐƐ͕
ŝŶƚŚĞĨŽƌŵŽĨƌĞĐŽŐŶŝƟŽŶŽĨdĞdŝƌŝƟŽtĂŝƚĂŶŐŝ͘
ĞĸĐŝĞŶĐǇĂŶĚƉĞƌĨŽƌŵĂŶĐĞďĞĐŽŵĞŬĞǇŝŵƉĞƌĂƟǀĞƐƚŚĂƚůĞĂĚ
ƚŽƚŚĞŵĂƌŐŝŶĂůŝƐĂƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞƐĞĐƚŽƌ͛ƐĞīŽƌƚƐŝŶĞƋƵŝƚǇĂŶĚƐŽĐŝĂů
ũƵƐƟĐĞƉŽůŝĐŝĞƐ;>ǇŽŶƐ͕ϮϬϭϮͿ͘
49
&Žƌ ĞǆĂŵƉůĞ͕ ͞Ɛ ĂŶ ŽƌŐĂŶŝƐĂƟŽŶ ǁĞ ĂĐŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞ ƚŚĞ ĚƵĂů 'ŝǀĞŶ ƚŚĞ ĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƟŽŶƐ ĂŶĚ ƚĞŶƐŝŽŶƐ ƚŚĂƚ ĂƉƉĞĂƌ ǁŝƚŚŝŶ
ŚĞƌŝƚĂŐĞŽĨŽƚĞĂƌŽĂͬEĞǁĞĂůĂŶĚĂŶĚǁŽƌŬƚŽƵƉŚŽůĚƚŚĞƐƉŝƌŝƚ ƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇ ƐƚĂƚĞŵĞŶƚƐ ŽƵƚůŝŶĞĚ ĂďŽǀĞ͕ ǁĞ ƋƵĞƐƟŽŶ ǁŚĞƚŚĞƌ
ĂŶĚŝŶƚĞŶƚŽĨƚŚĞdĞdŝƌŝƟ͟ĂŶĚ͞tĞĂĐŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞƚŚĞďŝĐƵůƚƵƌĂů ĐƵƌƐŽƌǇ ŵĞŶƟŽŶ ŽĨ dĞ dŝƌŝƟ Ž tĂŝƚĂŶŐŝ ŝŶ ƐŽŵĞ ƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇ
ƉĂƌƚŶĞƌƐŚŝƉŝŶŚĞƌĞŶƚŝŶdĞdŝƌŝƟŽtĂŝƚĂŶŐŝĂŶĚƐĞĞŬƚŽĞŶƐƵƌĞ ƐƚĂƚĞŵĞŶƚƐǁĂƐŶŽƚŵĞƌĞůǇĂƉĞƌĨŽƌŵĂŶĐĞŽĨĐŽŵƉůŝĂŶĐĞ͘tĞ
ƚŚĂƚ ƚŚĞ ĐƵƌƌŝĐƵůƵŵ ŽīĞƌĞĚ ƌĞŇĞĐƚƐ ƚŚŝƐ ƉĂƌƚŶĞƌƐŚŝƉ͘͟ dŚĞƐĞ ĂŐƌĞĞ ǁŝƚŚ ZŝƚĐŚŝĞ ;ϮϬϭϭ͕ Ɖ͘ ϳϵϲͿ ƚŚĂƚ ƵƉŚŽůĚŝŶŐ ŝŶĚŝŐĞŶŽƵƐ
centre philosophy statements did not usually elaborate on ƌŝŐŚƚƐƌĞƋƵŝƌĞƐŵŽƌĞ͞ƚŚĂŶũƵƐƚĂĐŽŵŵŝƚŵĞŶƚ͟ďƵƚƌĂƚŚĞƌƚŚĂƚ
ŚŽǁdĞdŝƌŝƟƉĂƌƚŶĞƌƐŚŝƉƐǁŽƵůĚďĞƵƉŚĞůĚŝŶƚŚĞƉƌŽŐƌĂŵŵĞ͕ ƚŚĞƚĞĂĐŚĞƌƐĮŶĚǁĂǇƐƚŽĐƌĞĂƚĞƐƉĂĐĞƐ͞ĨŽƌŝŶĚŝŐĞŶŽƵƐƚĂŵĂƌŝŬŝ
ĂůƚŚŽƵŐŚƚŚŝƐǁĂƐƐŽŵĞƟŵĞƐŝŵƉůŝĐŝƚŝŶŽƚŚĞƌƐƚĂƚĞŵĞŶƚƐ͕ƐƵĐŚ ĂŶĚƚŚĞŝƌǁŚĈŶĂƵƚŽĂĐĐĞƐƐƚŚĞŝƌƟŬĂŶŐĂ͟;Ɖ͘ϴϭϯͿ͘
ĂƐƐƚĂƚĞŵĞŶƚƐĂďŽƵƚƉĂƌĞŶƚƉĂƌƚŶĞƌƐŚŝƉƐ͘
KE>h^/KE
KŶůǇ ŽŶĞ ŽĨ ϱϬ ĐĞŶƚƌĞ ƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇ ƐƚĂƚĞŵĞŶƚƐ ŝŶ ƚŚŝƐ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ
At the begŝŶŶŝŶŐŽĨƚŚŝƐƉĂƉĞƌ͕ǁĞƉŽƐŝƟŽŶĞĚĞĂƌůǇĐŚŝůĚŚŽŽĚ
ĞůĂďŽƌĂƚĞĚ ŽŶ ƚŚĞŝƌ ĐŽŵŵŝƚŵĞŶƚ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ǁĞĂǀŝŶŐ ŽĨ DĈŽƌŝ
ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐŝŶEĞǁĞĂůĂŶĚĂƚƚŚĞŝŶƚĞƌƐĞĐƟŽŶŽĨŶĞŽͲůŝďĞƌĂůƉŽůŝĐǇ͕
ĞƉŝƐƚĞŵŽůŽŐǇ ďĞǇŽŶĚ ƌĞĨĞƌĞŶĐĞ ƚŽ dĞ dŝƌŝƟ Ž tĂŝƚĂŶŐŝ͘ dŚŝƐ
ǁŚŝĐŚ ĞŵƉŚĂƐŝƐĞƐ ŝŶĚŝǀŝĚƵĂůŝƐŵ͕ ĐŽŵƉĞƟƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ ĨƵƚƵƌĞ
ĐĞŶƚƌĞ͕ Ă ŬŝŶĚĞƌŐĂƌƚĞŶ͕ ĂůƐŽ ŽƵƚůŝŶĞĚ ƚŚĂƚ ŝƚƐ ƉƌŽĐĞƐƐĞƐ ĨŽƌ
ĐĂƉĂĐŝƚǇŽĨĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶƚŽĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƚĞƚŽƚŚĞŐůŽďĂůǁŽƌŬĨŽƌĐĞ͕ĂŶĚ
ĐŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƟŶŐ ƚŚĞŝƌ ƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇ ŝŶĐůƵĚĞĚ ǁŽƌŬŝŶŐ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞŝƌ
ŽƚŚĞƌ ŬŝŶĚƐ ŽĨ ƉŽůŝĐŝĞƐ ƚŚĂƚ ŚĂǀĞ͕ ĂƐ ƚŚĞŝƌ ĨŽĐƵƐ͕ ĞƋƵŝƚǇ ĂŶĚ
ĨĂŵŝůŝĞƐĂŶĚǁŝĚĞƌĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚǇ͘dŚĞŬŝŶĚĞƌŐĂƌƚĞŶŽƌŐĂŶŝƐĞĚŝƚƐ
ŝŶĐůƵƐŝŽŶ͕ƐƵĐŚĂƐƚŚĞŶĂƟŽŶĂůĞĂƌůǇĐŚŝůĚŚŽŽĚĐƵƌƌŝĐƵůƵŵ͕dĞ
ƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇƐƚĂƚĞŵĞŶƚƐĂƌŽƵŶĚŶŽƟŽŶƐŽĨƟŬĂŶŐĂĂŐƌĞĞĚƵƉŽŶ
tŚĈƌŝŬŝ͘ tĞ ƋƵĞƐƟŽŶĞĚ ŚŽǁ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ ŵŝŐŚƚ ƌĞƐŝƐƚ Žƌ ĞůĞǀĂƚĞ
ďǇƚŚĞĐĞŶƚƌĞĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚǇ͘
ƚŚĞƐĞĂŶĚŚŽǁƚŚĞƐĞŵŝŐŚƚďĞĞǆĂŵŝŶĞĚƚŚƌŽƵŐŚĂŶĂŶĂůǇƐŝƐ
ŽĨ ĐĞŶƚƌĞ ƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇ ƐƚĂƚĞŵĞŶƚƐ͘ dŚĞ ϱϬ ĐĞŶƚƌĞ ƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇ
dŚĞ ƐŝůĞŶĐŝŶŐ ŽĨ DĈŽƌŝ ǁĂǇƐ ŽĨ ďĞŝŶŐ͕ ŬŶŽǁŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ĚŽŝŶŐ ŝŶ
ƐƚĂƚĞŵĞŶƚƐ ĞǆĂŵŝŶĞĚ ƌĞǀĞĂů ƚŚĂƚ ƚŚĞ ŶĞŽͲůŝďĞƌĂů ĂŶĚ ŶĞŽͲ
ĞĂƌůǇ ĐŚŝůĚŚŽŽĚ ƉƌĂĐƟĐĞ ŝƐ Ă ĐŽŶĐĞƌŶ ĞǆƉƌĞƐƐĞĚ ďǇ ZĂƵ ĂŶĚ
ĐŽůŽŶŝĂů ĚŝƐĐŽƵƌƐĞƐ ŽƉĞƌĂƟŶŐ Ăƚ ŶĂƟŽŶĂů ĂŶĚ ŐůŽďĂů ůĞǀĞůƐ
ZŝƚĐŚŝĞ ;ϮϬϭϭͿ͕ ǁŚŽ ŵŽƵƌŶĞĚ ƚŚĞ ůĂĐŬ ŽĨ ĐŽŶĮĚĞŶĐĞ ĂŶĚ
;&ĂƌƋƵŚĂƌ͕ ϮϬϭϮ͖ dĞƐĂƌ͕ ϮϬϭϱ͖ ZĂƵ Θ ZŝƚĐŚŝĞ͕ ϮϬϭϭͿ ĂƌĞ ĂůƐŽ
ĐĂƉĂĐŝƚǇŽĨĞĂƌůǇĐŚŝůĚŚŽŽĚĞĚƵĐĂƚŽƌƐƚŽƉƌĂĐƟĐĞŝŶǁĂǇƐƚŚĂƚ
ĞŵďĞĚĚĞĚŝŶƚŚĞĚŝƐĐŽƵƌƐĞƐŽĨƚŚĞƐĞĐƚŽƌ͘WůĂǇĂŶĚĐŚŝůĚͲĐĞŶƚƌĞĚ
Ăĸƌŵ ĂŶĚ ƵƉŚŽůĚ ŝŶĚŝŐĞŶŽƵƐ ƌŝŐŚƚƐ͕ ĚĞƐƉŝƚĞ ƚŚĞ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ
ůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐĂƉƉĞĂƌĂƐĂŶĞŶƚƌĞŶĐŚĞĚĚŝƐĐŽƵƌƐĞĂďŽƵƚŚŽǁĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ
ĨƌŽŵ ƉŽůŝĐǇ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚƐ ƚŽ ĚŽ ƐŽ͘ dĞ tŚĈƌŝŬŝ ŝƐ Ă ďŝĐƵůƚƵƌĂů
ůĞĂƌŶ͘tĞŚĂǀĞƐƵŐŐĞƐƚĞĚƚŚĂƚƚŚĞƌĞŵŝŐŚƚďĞŵƵůƟƉůĞƌĞĂĚŝŶŐƐ
ĨƌĂŵĞǁŽƌŬ͕ ǁĞĂǀŝŶŐ ŝŶĚŝŐĞŶŽƵƐ ĂŶĚ tĞƐƚĞƌŶ ĞƉŝƐƚĞŵŽůŽŐŝĞƐ͘
ƚŽƚŚŝƐ͘/ŶƚŚĞĮƌƐƚƌĞĂĚŝŶŐ͕ƚĞĂĐŚĞƌƐƌĞƐŝƐƚĞĚƚŚĞĐŽŶƐƚĂŶƚŶĞŽͲ
dĞƐĂƌ ;ϮϬϭϱͿ ĂƌŐƵĞƐ ƚŚĂƚ ƚŚŝƐ ďŝĐƵůƚƵƌĂů ŶĂƚƵƌĞ ƐŚŽƵůĚ ͞ŐŝǀĞ ŝƚ
ůŝďĞƌĂůŐĂǌĞŽŶĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶƵƐŝŶŐƚŚĞĞůĞǀĂƟŽŶŽĨƉůĂǇƚŽǁĂƌĚŽī
ƚŚĞƐƚƌĞŶŐƚŚƚŽƌĞƐŝƐƚƚŚĞĚŽŵŝŶĂŶƚŶĞŽͲůŝďĞƌĂůĂŶĚŶĞŽͲĐŽůŽŶŝĂů
ƚŚĞƐĐŚŽŽůŝĮĐĂƟŽŶŽĨ͘/ŶƚŚĞƐĞĐŽŶĚ͕ƚĞĂĐŚĞƌƐĂƌĞĂƐŬĞĚƚŽ
ŐĂǌĞ͟;Ɖ͘ϭϬϲͿ͘DŽƌĞƌĞĐĞŶƚůǇ͕ƚŚĞDŝŶŝƐƚƌǇŽĨĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ͛ƐDĈŽƌŝ
ĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌŚŽǁŵĂŬŝŶŐƉůĂǇĂŶŽďũĞĐƟǀĞƚƌƵƚŚŵŝŐŚƚŵĂƌŐŝŶĂůŝƐĞ
ĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐǇ͕ <Ă ,ŝŬŝƟĂ͗ DĂŶĂŐŝŶŐ ĨŽƌ ^ƵĐĐĞƐƐ ;ϮϬϬϴͲ
ĂŶĚƐŝůĞŶĐĞƚŚĞĨĂŵŝůŝĞƐĨŽƌǁŚŝĐŚƉůĂǇŝƐŶŽƚĂůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐƚƌĂĚŝƟŽŶ͘
ϮϬϭϮͿ͕ ĂŶĚ ƉŚĂƐĞ ƚǁŽ ŽĨ ƚŚĂƚ ƉŽůŝĐǇ͕ ĐĐĞůĞƌĂƟŶŐ ^ƵĐĐĞƐƐ
ĞŶƚƌĞƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇƐƚĂƚĞŵĞŶƚƐǁĞƌĞůŝŬĞůǇƚŽƉƌŽŵŽƚĞĂǀŝƐŝŽŶ
;ϮϬϭϯͲϮϬϭϳͿ͕ƐĞƚŽƵƚƚŽƉƵƌƉŽƐĞůǇĐŚĂůůĞŶŐĞĐŽůŽŶŝĂůĂŶĚƌĂĐŝƐƚ
ŽĨĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶĂƐĐĂƉĂďůĞĂŶĚĐŽŶĮĚĞŶƚŝŶĚŝǀŝĚƵĂůƐĂŶĚůĞĂƌŶĞƌƐ͕
ĚŝƐĐŽƵƌƐĞŝŶƌĞůĂƟŽŶƚŽDĈŽƌŝĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ͘dŚĞŝŶƚĞŶƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞƐĞ
ƌĞŇĞĐƟŶŐƚŚĞŶĞŽͲůŝďĞƌĂůĚŝƐĐŽƵƌƐĞƐŽĨŇĞǆŝďůĞĨƵƚƵƌĞĐŽŶƐƵŵĞƌƐ
ĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚƐ ǁĂƐ ƚŽ ĞŵďƌĂĐĞ ŝĚĞŶƟƚǇ͕ ĐƵůƚƵƌĞ ĂŶĚ ůĂŶŐƵĂŐĞ ĂƐ
ĂŶĚǁŽƌŬĞƌƐ͘dŚĞƐĞĚŝƐĐŽƵƌƐĞƐ͕ǁŚŝĐŚƉůĂĐĞĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶǁŝƚŚŝŶƚŚĞ
ĞƐƐĞŶƟĂů ŝŶŐƌĞĚŝĞŶƚƐ ƚŽ ƐƵĐĐĞƐƐ ;DŝŶŝƐƚƌǇ ŽĨ ĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ͕ ϮϬϬϴ͕
ĞĐŽŶŽŵŝĐ ƌĂƟŽŶĂůŝƚǇ ĂŶĚ ŝŶĚŝǀŝĚƵĂůŝƐŵ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ŵĂƌŬĞƚƉůĂĐĞ͕
ϮϬϭϯͿ͘ dŚĞƐĞ ƉŽůŝĐǇ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚƐ͕ ŚŽǁĞǀĞƌ͕ ĐŽŶƚƌĂĚŝĐƚ ŽƚŚĞƌ
ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂůůǇ ƐƋƵĞĞǌĞ ŽƵƚ ŽƚŚĞƌ ŵŽƌĞ ƌĞůĂƟŽŶĂů ĂŶĚ ƐŽĐŝĂůůǇ
ŶĞŽͲůŝďĞƌĂůƉŽůŝĐǇƚŚĂƚŝƐŝŶĐƌĞĂƐŝŶŐůǇĨĞůƚŝŶƚŚĞƐĞĐƚŽƌ͕ƐƵĐŚĂƐ
ũƵƐƚǁĂǇƐŽĨƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐĞĂƌůǇĐŚŝůĚŚŽŽĚĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ͕ĂƐǁĂƐ
ƚŚĞ ŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞĚ ƉƌŝǀĂƟƐĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƐĞĐƚŽƌ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ ůŽǁĞƌŝŶŐ ŽĨ
ĞǀŝĚĞŶĐĞĚƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞŵĂƌŐŝŶĂůŝƐĂƟŽŶŽĨĚŝƐĐŽƵƌƐĞƐƉĞƌƚĂŝŶŝŶŐ
ƋƵĂůŝĮĐĂƟŽŶĂŶĚƉƌŽĨĞƐƐŝŽŶĂůĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚƌĞƋƵŝƌĞŵĞŶƚƐ͘
ƚŽŝŶĐůƵƐŝŽŶĂŶĚŝŶĚŝŐĞŶŽƵƐƌŝŐŚƚƐƚŚƌŽƵŐŚďŝĐƵůƚƵƌĂůƉƌĂĐƟĐĞ͘
ůƚŚŽƵŐŚƚŚĞƌĞŝƐƉůĞŶƚǇŽĨƐƵƉƉŽƌƚĨŽƌƚŚĞƐĞǁŝƚŚŝŶƉŽůŝĐǇĂŶĚ
dŚĞ ĐŽůŽŶŝƐŝŶŐ ĞīĞĐƚƐ ŽĨ ŶĞŽͲůŝďĞƌĂůŝƐŵ ĐĂŶ ďĞ ƐĞĞŶ ŶŽƚ ŽŶůǇ
ĐƵƌƌŝĐƵůƵŵ͕ƚŚĞǇǁĞƌĞŶŽƚĐŽŵŵŽŶŽƌĞŶƚƌĞŶĐŚĞĚĚŝƐĐŽƵƌƐĞƐ
ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ŵĂƌŐŝŶĂůŝƐŝŶŐ ŽĨ DĈŽƌŝ ďŝĐƵůƚƵƌĂů ĂŶĚ ĐŽƵŶƚĞƌ ĐŽůŽŶŝĂů
ĨŽƌƚŚĞƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇƐƚĂƚĞŵĞŶƚƐĂŶĂůǇƐĞĚ͘dŚĞƐŝůĞŶĐŝŶŐŽĨƚŚĞƐĞ
ƉĞĚĂŐŽŐŝĞƐ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ĐĞŶƚƌĞƐ ĂŶĂůǇƐĞĚ͕ ďƵƚ ĂůƐŽ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ĞůĞǀĂƟŽŶ
ĚŝƐĐŽƵƌƐĞƐƉƌĞƐĞŶƚƐĂĐŚĂůůĞŶŐĞƚŽƚŚĞƐĞĐƚŽƌ͕ǁŚŝĐŚŵƵƐƚĮŶĚ
ŽĨƚŚĞŶĞŽͲůŝďĞƌĂůǀŝĞǁŽĨƚŚĞĐŚŝůĚĂƐĂĐĂƉĂďůĞĂŶĚĐŽŶĮĚĞŶƚ
ǁĂǇƐƚŽƌĞƐŝƐƚƚŚĞŶĞŽͲůŝďĞƌĂůƚƵƌŶĂŶĚƌĞŝŶǀĞŶƚƉƌĂĐƟĐĞƐƚŚĂƚ
ŝŶĚŝǀŝĚƵĂů ŵĞŶƟŽŶĞĚ ĞĂƌůŝĞƌ͘ dŚĞƐĞ ƚǁŽ ŝĚĞŽůŽŐŝĞƐ ƐƚƌƵŐŐůĞ
ĂƌĞŝŶĐůƵƐŝǀĞ͕ĚŝĂůŽŐŝĐĂůĂŶĚƐŽĐŝĂůůǇũƵƐƚ͘
ĨŽƌĚŽŵŝŶĂƟŽŶĂŶĚĂƌĞĐŽƵŶƚĞƌƚŽĞĂĐŚŽƚŚĞƌ͘dŚĞŶĞŽͲůŝďĞƌĂů
ĨŽĐƵƐ ŽŶ ŝŶĚŝǀŝĚƵĂů ĂĐŚŝĞǀĞŵĞŶƚ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵƉĞƟƟŽŶ ĞǆƉƌĞƐƐĞĚ
ŝŶ ƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇ ƐƚĂƚĞŵĞŶƚƐ ƌĞĨĞƌĞŶĐŝŶŐ ĐĂƉĂďůĞ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŶĮĚĞŶƚ REFERENCES
&ŽƌĂĨƵůůůŝƐƚŽĨƌĞĨĞƌĞŶĐĞŐŽƚŽ͗
ŝŶĚŝǀŝĚƵĂů ůĞĂƌŶĞƌƐ ŝƐ Ăƚ ŽĚĚƐ ǁŝƚŚ ĐŽůůĞĐƟǀŝƐƚ ĂŶĚ ŶŽŶͲ ŚƚƚƉƐ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘ŚĞŬƵƉƵ͘ĂĐ͘ŶǌͬĂƌƚŝĐůĞͬǁŚĂƚƐͲƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇͲƐƚĂƚĞŵĞŶƚͲĐƌŝƚŝĐĂůͲ
ŵĂƚĞƌŝĂůŝƐƟĐǁŽƌůĚͲǀŝĞǁŽĨDĈŽƌŝ;ZŝƚĐŚŝĞ͕ϮϬϭϭ͖dĞƐĂƌ͕ϮϬϭϱͿ͘ ĚŝƐĐŽƵƌƐĞͲĂŶĂůǇƐŝƐͲĞĂƌůǇͲĐŚŝůĚŚŽŽĚͲĐĞŶƚƌĞͲƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇ
50
EN-GAUGE
INFINITY AND ME KLARA AND THE SUN
Author: Kate Hosford Author: Kazuo Ishiguro
Illustrator: Gabi Swiatkowska
dŚĞƌŝƐĞŽĨĂƌƟĮĐŝĂůŝŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶĐĞĂƐŬƐďŝŐ
͚'ĂďŝĂŶĚ/ŚŽƉĞƚŚĂƚ/ŶĮŶŝƚǇĂŶĚDĞǁŝůů ƋƵĞƐƟŽŶƐĂďŽƵƚǁŚĂƚŝƚŵĞĂŶƐƚŽďĞ
ďƌŽĂĚĞŶƚŚĞǁĂǇƚŚĂƚĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶƚŚŝŶŬĂďŽƵƚ ŚƵŵĂŶͶƋƵĞƐƟŽŶƐƚŽŽŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚƚŽďĞůĞŌ
ŝŶĮŶŝƚǇ͕ŶŽƚŽŶůǇĂƐĂŵĂƚŚĞŵĂƟĐĂůĐŽŶĐĞƉƚ͕ ƚŽƉŽůŝƟĐŝĂŶƐ͘dŚĞůĂƚĞƐƚŶŽǀĞůďǇƌŝƟƐŚ
ďƵƚĂƐĂƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĂůĐŽŶĐĞƉƚĂƐǁĞůů͘/Ĩ EŽďĞů>ĂƵƌĞĂƚĞ<ĂǌƵŽ/ƐŚŝŐƵƌŽ͕<ůĂƌĂĂŶĚƚŚĞ
ƐŽŵĞƚŚŝŶŐƵŶĨĂƚŚŽŵĂďůǇďŝŐĞǆŝƐƚƐ͕ǁŚĂƚ ^ƵŶ͕ŝƐŶĂƌƌĂƚĞĚďǇĂŶ͚ƌƟĮĐŝĂů&ƌŝĞŶĚ͛ĂŶ
does that say about us and our place in ƐƵĐŚƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉƐĞǀĞƌ͚ĐŽƵŶƚ͛ĂƐƌĞĂů͍ŶĚ
ƚŚĞƵŶŝǀĞƌƐĞ͍dŚŝƐŝƐƚŚĞƐŽƌƚŽĨĞǆŝƐƚĞŶƟĂů ǁŚĂƚĨŽůůŽǁƐŝĨƚŚĞǇĚŽ͍/ƐŚŝŐƵƌŽďƌŝŶŐƐŚŝƐ
ƋƵĞƐƟŽŶƚŚĂƚĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶďĞŐŝŶŐƌĂƉƉůŝŶŐǁŝƚŚĂƚ ƚƌĂĚĞŵĂƌŬƐƵďƚůĞƚǇĂŶĚĐŽŵƉĂƐƐŝŽŶƚŽďĞĂƌ
ĂǇŽƵŶŐĂŐĞ͛͘ʹ<ĂƚĞ on a poignant story of a robot’s desire to be
ůŽǀĞĚ͕ĂŶĚƚŽĨĞĞůůŽǀĞĨŽƌŽƚŚĞƌƐ͘
NIGHT WALK TO THE THE THINGS THAT MATTER

SEA - A STORY ABOUT MOST
RACHEL CARSON, EARTH’S Author: Gabbie Stroud
PROTECTOR
'ĂďďŝĞ^ƚƌŽƵĚŝƐĂƚĞĂĐŚĞƌǁŚŽƐĞĐůĂƐƐƌŽŽŵ
Author: Deborah Wiles
ŚĂƐĞǆƉĂŶĚĞĚƚŽĞŵďƌĂĐĞĂŶĞŶƟƌĞŶĂƟŽŶ͘
Illustrator: Daniel Miyares
dŚĞƚŚŝŶŐƐƚŚĂƚŵĂƩĞƌŵŽƐƚŝƐĂƉƌŽĨŽƵŶĚůǇ
ŵŽǀŝŶŐŶŽǀĞů͘ƌŝŵŵŝŶŐǁŝƚŚůŽǀĞĂŶĚ
dŚŝƐůƵŵŝŶŽƵƐƉŝĐƚƵƌĞďŽŽŬďǇĂŶĂǁĂƌĚͲ
ŚĞĂƌƚĂĐŚĞĂŶĚĂŶŐĞƌĂŶĚŚŽƉĞ͕ƚŚŝƐŝƐĂ
ǁŝŶŶŝŶŐĂƵƚŚŽƌĂŶĚĂĐĐůĂŝŵĞĚŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚŽƌŝƐƚŚĞ
ƌĂǁĂŶĚƉĂƐƐŝŽŶĂƚĞǁŽƌŬ͕ŝƚƐĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌƐĂƌĞ
perfect tool to discuss the importance of the
ǀŝǀŝĚůǇĂŶĚƚĞŶĚĞƌůǇĚƌĂǁŶ͘/ƚŝƐĂŶƵŶŇŝŶĐŚŝŶŐ
ŶĂƚƵƌĂůǁŽƌůĚǁŝƚŚǇŽƵŶŐĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͘/ƚƚĞůůƐƚŚĞ
ĂŶĚĚĞĞƉůǇŵŽǀŝŶŐĂĐĐŽƵŶƚŽĨƚŚĞĐŽŵƉůĞǆ
ƐƚŽƌǇŽĨǇŽƵŶŐZŽŐĞƌĂŶĚŚŝƐĂƵŶƚZĂĐŚĞůĂƐ
ƚĂƉĞƐƚƌǇŽĨŚƵŵĂŶůŝǀĞƐǁŽǀĞŶŝŶƚŽĂŶĚ
ƚŚĞǇĚŝƐĐŽǀĞƌƚŚĞďĞĂƵƚǇŽĨƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚĂƚŶŝŐŚƚ͘
ĂƌŽƵŶĚĂƐĐŚŽŽůĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚǇ͘
dŚĞďŽŽŬŝŶƚƌŽĚƵĐĞƐĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶƚŽƚŚĞƚŚŝŶŬŝŶŐ
ŽĨĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůĂĐƟǀŝƐƚZĂĐŚĞůĂƌƐŽŶ͘
JUSTICE FOR ANIMALS A

MY LITTLE BARLAAGANY COLLECTIVE RESPONSIBILITY
Author & Illustrator: Michelle Greenwood 2023
Author: DĂƌƚŚĂEƵƐƐďĂƵŵ
ďĞĂƵƟĨƵůƉŝĐƚƵƌĞďŽŽŬĨĞĂƚƵƌŝŶŐƚŚĞ
ƐƚƵŶŶŝŶŐǁŽƌĚƐĂŶĚĂƌƚŽĨ/ŶĚŝŐĞŶŽƵƐĂƌƟƐƚ DĂƌƚŚĂEƵƐƐďĂƵŵ͛ƐǁŽƌŬŚĂƐĐŚĂŶŐĞĚƚŚĞ
DĞůŝƐƐĂ'ƌĞĞŶǁŽŽĚ͘tƌŝƩĞŶŝŶĂůǇƌŝĐĂů͕ ŚƵŵĂŶŝƟĞƐ͕ďƵƚŝŶƚŚŝƐďŽŽŬ͕ŚĞƌĨŽĐƵƐŝƐ
ǁŚŝŵƐŝĐĂůŇŽǁŽĨǁŽƌĚƐ͕ĂƌůĂĂŐĂŶǇŝƐĂ ƐƚĂƌƚůŝŶŐ͕ďŽƌŶŽĨĂŶĂƌĚĞŶƚůŽǀĞĨŽƌŚĞƌůĂƚĞ
message from mother to child about the ĚĂƵŐŚƚĞƌĂŶĚĨŽƌĂůůĂŶŝŵĂůƐŽŶĂƌƚŚ͘͟
ĨĂŵŝůǇůĂŶĚĂŶĚƚŚĞũŽǇĂŶĚƐƵƉƉŽƌƚŝƚ ͞,ĞƌĞ͕ĂƐŝŶŽƚŚĞƌǁŽƌŬƐ͕ŚĞƌĂƌŐƵŵĞŶƚƐĂƌĞ
ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐ͘ZĞĂĚĞƌƐĂƌĞŝŶǀŝƚĞĚƚŽďĞƉĂƌƚŽĨ ƚŚŽƌŽƵŐŚ͕ĞůĞŐĂŶƚůǇǁƌŝƩĞŶ͕ĂŶĚĐŽŵƉĞůůŝŶŐ
ƚŚŝƐŵĞƐƐĂŐĞĂŶĚũŽƵƌŶĞǇ͘dŚĞďŽŽŬŽīĞƌƐ ͶƐŽĮŶĞůǇƚƵŶĞĚƚŚĂƚƌŝƐƚŽƚůĞŚŝŵƐĞůĨǁŽƵůĚ
an opportunity to learn about Gumbaynggirr need to be in top form to engage her on the
ĐƵůƚƵƌĞĂŶĚƐŽŵĞŽĨŝƚƐďĞĂƵƟĨƵůůĂŶŐƵĂŐĞ͘ ƐƵďũĞĐƚ͘ZĞǀŝĞǁƐ͗:ĞƌĞŵǇĞŶĚŝůͲ<ĞǇŶĞƌĂŶĚ
'ƌĞĞŶǁŽŽĚ͛ƐŐŽƌŐĞŽƵƐĐŚŽŝĐĞŽĨĐŽůŽƵƌƐ͕ DĂƩŚĞǁ^ĐƵůůǇ
ƐŚĂƉĞƐĂŶĚƉĂƩĞƌŶƐĮůůĞǀĞƌǇƉĂŐĞ͕ĞĂĐŚǁŝƚŚ
precise and special meaning that helps tell the
ƐƚŽƌǇ͘
51
THE VOICE TO PARLIAMENT HANDBOOK FINDING OUR HEART: A STORY ABOUT

Authors: Thomas Mayo & Kerry O’Brien THE ULURU STATEMENT FOR YOUNG
Cartoons: Cathy Wilcox AUSTRALIANS
Author: Thomas Mayo
͚tĞŝŶǀŝƚĞǇŽƵƚŽǁĂůŬǁŝƚŚƵƐŝŶĂŵŽǀĞŵĞŶƚŽĨƚŚĞƵƐƚƌĂůŝĂŶ Illustrator: Blak Douglas
ƉĞŽƉůĞĨŽƌĂďĞƩĞƌĨƵƚƵƌĞ͚͘
͛tŚĞŶǁĞĂůůĐĂŵĞƚŽŐĞƚŚĞƌĂƚhůƵƌƵ͕ǁĞŝŶǀŝƚĞĚĂůůƵƐƚƌĂůŝĂŶ
dŚĞsŽŝĐĞƚŽWĂƌůŝĂŵĞŶƚ,ĂŶĚďŽŽŬŝƐĂŶĞĂƐǇͲƚŽͲĨŽůůŽǁŐƵŝĚĞĨŽƌ ƉĞŽƉůĞƚŽĂĐĐĞƉƚŽƵƌǀŽŝĐĞĂŶĚĐƵůƚƵƌĞĂƐĂŐŝŌ͛͘dŚŝƐŝƐĂ
ƚŚĞŵŝůůŝŽŶƐŽĨƵƐƚƌĂůŝĂŶƐǁŚŽŚĂǀĞĞǆƉƌĞƐƐĞĚƐƵƉƉŽƌƚĨŽƌƚŚĞ ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͛ƐďŽŽŬƚŽƚƌĞĂƐƵƌĞ͘&ŝŶĚŝŶŐKƵƌ,ĞĂƌƚŝƐĂŐŽƌŐĞŽƵƐůǇ
hůƵƌƵ^ƚĂƚĞŵĞŶƚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞ,ĞĂƌƚ͕ďƵƚǁĂŶƚƚŽďĞƩĞƌƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚ ŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞĚĂŶĚƚŚŽƵŐŚƞƵůůǇǁƌŝƩĞŶďŽŽŬƚŚĂƚŐĞƚƐƚŽƚŚĞĐŽƌĞŽĨ
ǁŚĂƚĂsŽŝĐĞƚŽWĂƌůŝĂŵĞŶƚĂĐƚƵĂůůǇŵĞĂŶƐ͘/ŶĚŝŐĞŶŽƵƐůĞĂĚĞƌ ǁŚǇǁĞŶĞĞĚƚŽŵĂŬĞďŽƌŝŐŝŶĂůĂŶĚdŽƌƌĞƐ^ƚƌĂŝƚ/ƐůĂŶĚĞƌǀŽŝĐĞƐ
dŚŽŵĂƐDĂǇŽĂŶĚĂĐĐůĂŝŵĞĚũŽƵƌŶĂůŝƐƚ<ĞƌƌǇK͛ƌŝĞŶŚĂǀĞ ĂŵƵĐŚďŝŐŐĞƌƉĂƌƚŽĨƵƐƚƌĂůŝĂŶĐƵůƚƵƌĞĂŶĚůĂǁ͘dŚĞůĂŶŐƵĂŐĞŝƐ
ǁƌŝƩĞŶƚŚŝƐŚĂŶĚďŽŽŬƚŽĂŶƐǁĞƌƚŚĞŵŽƐƚĐŽŵŵŽŶůǇĂƐŬĞĚ ƉĞƌĨĞĐƚĨŽƌƉƌĞͲƐĐŚŽŽůĂŶĚĂďŽǀĞʹĂŵƵƐƚƌĞĂĚ͘
ƋƵĞƐƟŽŶƐĂďŽƵƚǁŚǇƚŚĞsŽŝĐĞƐŚŽƵůĚďĞĞŶƐŚƌŝŶĞĚŝŶƚŚĞ
ŽŶƐƟƚƵƟŽŶ͕ĂŶĚŚŽǁŝƚŵŝŐŚƚĨƵŶĐƟŽŶƚŽŝŵƉƌŽǀĞƉŽůŝĐŝĞƐ
ĂīĞĐƟŶŐ/ŶĚŝŐĞŶŽƵƐĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƟĞƐ͕ĂŶĚŐĞŶƵŝŶĞůǇĐůŽƐĞƚŚĞŐĂƉ
ŽŶŝŶĞƋƵĂůŝƟĞƐĂƚƚŚĞŵŽƐƚďĂƐŝĐůĞǀĞůŽĨŚƵŵĂŶĚŝŐŶŝƚǇ͘
RESPECT
Authors: Aunty Fay Muir and Sue Lawson
BODY COUNTRY /ůůƵƐƚƌĂƚŽƌ͗>ŝƐĂDĂƌƟŶ
Author: Susie Anderson
Our Way is old.
ƉŽǁĞƌĨƵůĐŽůůĞĐƟŽŶŽĨƉŽĞƚƌǇĨƌŽŵĂŶ Older than the red earth.
ĂǁĂƌĚͲǁŝŶŶŝŶŐƉŽĞƚ͘dŚĞďŽĚǇĐŽƵŶƚƌǇŝƐĂŶ KůĚĞƌƚŚĂŶŇŝĐŬĞƌŝŶŐƐƚĂƌƐ͘
ĞǀŽĐĂƟǀĞĞǆƉůŽƌĂƟŽŶŽĨĂǁŽƌůĚƚŚĂƚƚŽŽŽŌĞŶ Our way is respect.
ŵĂƌŐŝŶĂůŝƐĞƐĂŶĚĂŵĞĚŝƚĂƟŽŶŽĨǁĂŶĚĞƌŝŶŐ
ĂŶĚǁŽŶĚĞƌŝŶŐŽŶŽƵŶƚƌǇ͕ŝŶǀŝƟŶŐƚŚĞƌĞĂĚĞƌ ZĞƐƉĞĐƚŝƐĂŶĞǆƋƵŝƐŝƚĞƉŝĐƚƵƌĞďŽŽŬ͘/ƚ
ƚŽƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚƚŚĞĐŽŵƉůĞǆŝƟĞƐĂŶĚĐŚĂŶŐŝŶŐ ǁŚŝƐƉĞƌƐĂƐŽŌĂŶĚŚĞĂƌƞĞůƚŵĞƐƐĂŐĞĂďŽƵƚ
ĨŽƌŵƐŽĨƐĞůĨĂŶĚůŽǀĞ͘ the basic cultural principle that informs all
ďŽƌŝŐŝŶĂůĂŶĚdŽƌƌĞƐ^ƚƌĂŝƚ/ƐůĂŶĚĞƌEĂƟŽŶƐ
͚/ŬĞĞƉůŽŽŬŝŶŐĂƚƚŚĞƐƚĂƌƐ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚŽƵƚƵƐƚƌĂůŝĂ͘DƵŝƌĂŶĚ>ĂǁƐŽŶ͛Ɛ
ƚŽƐĞĞƚŚĞƵŶŝǀĞƌƐĞ͕ďƵƚƚŚĞũŽŬĞŝƐ ĞůŽƋƵĞŶƚƐƉĂƌƐĞƚĞǆƚŝƐŽīƐĞƚďǇ<ĞŶŶĞĚǇ͛Ɛ
/ĂŵƚŚĞƵŶŝǀĞƌƐĞ͛͘ ůƵŵŝŶŽƵƐŝŵĂŐĞƐ͕ǁŚŝĐŚĐŽŵĞĂůŝǀĞŽŶƚŚĞ
ƉĂŐĞ͘dŚŝƐƚĞŶĚĞƌ͕ƚŚŽƵŐŚƞƵůƐƚŽƌǇƌĞŵŝŶĚƐƵƐ
ƚŽƌĞƐƉĞĐƚŽƚŚĞƌƐĂŶĚƌĞƐƉĞĐƚŽƵƌƐĞůǀĞƐĂŶĚ
ǁĞůĐŽŵĞƐĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶƚŽďŽƌŝŐŝŶĂůĐƵůƚƵƌĞ͘
52
Unlocking Practitioner Inquiry

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ABOUT THE BOOK

Key components of practitioner inquiry provide an effective approach to lasting educational
change. By including narratives of practice from across diverse early childhood settings, this
book investigates issues that arise during implementation of inquiry-focussed professional
learning cycles. It presents practitioner inquiry as a vehicle for empowering educators and
educational systems.
Research-based, this book brings together theory and practice from authors and
internationally recognised commentators to inform and inspire early childhood educators.
Chapters are thematically grouped in three focus areas. The first centres on background
contextual information to set the scene, the second offers real-life stories based on authors’
experiences and the third provides insight into broader issues of leadership and
professional learning. Voices of educators, teachers and leaders are included to provide
multiple points of entry for readers with different interests, backgrounds, and levels of
expertise.
As a resource to support ongoing professional practice in the prior-to-school sector, this

book is essential reading for early years educators, teachers and leaders of educational
change. It is relevant for those investigating how educators in early childhood centres,
executive offices and consultancy positions can use data-based, locally relevant
investigations of practice to improve educational outcomes.
53
,1)/8(17,$/7+,1.(56
IMAGINING THE
POSSIBILITIES NOT
YET IMAGINED!
ADAM CHRISTIE
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SA
ƐĂƉƌĞͲƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƚĞĂĐŚĞƌ͕/ǀŝǀŝĚůǇƌĞĐĂůůƚŚĞŵŽŵĞŶƚĂŶĞĂƌďǇ dŚŝŶŬŝŶŐ ƐŽŵĞ ŵŽƌĞ ĂďŽƵƚ ƚŚĞŽƌǇ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ĞǀĞƌǇĚĂǇ ͙ ŝƚ͛Ɛ
ƚĞĂĐŚĞƌƉŽĞƟĐĂůůǇƌĞŵĂƌŬĞĚ͕͚dŚĂƚƐĞĞŵƐƐŽ&ƌŽĞďĞůŝĂŶ͛͘dŚŝƐ ŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚƚŽƌĞŵĞŵďĞƌŝƚƐŚŽƵůĚďĞĨƵŶ͊^ŽŵĞƟŵĞƐŝƚ͛ƐŶŽƚ
ŵŽŵĞŶƚƐƉĂƌŬĞĚĂĚĞĞƉĐƵƌŝŽƐŝƚǇ͕ĂůƚŚŽƵŐŚ/ƐĞĞŵŝŶŐůǇĂŶĚ ƐĐŝĞŶƟĮĐ͕ǁĞĐĂŶĐĂůůŽŶƚŚĞŐƌĞĂƚĞƐƚŽĨƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚĞƌƐƚŽŚĞůƉ
ƉŽůŝƚĞůǇŶŽĚĚĞĚĂƚƚŚĞƟŵĞ͕ƌĞƚƵƌŶŝŶŐƚŽƉůĂǇǁŝƚŚƚŚĞĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͘ ƵƐ ŵĂŬĞ ƐĞŶƐĞ ͙ ƌĞĐĞŶƚůǇ ĚƵƌŝŶŐ Ă ĨĂŵŝůǇ ŵŽǀŝĞ͕ / ůĂƵŐŚĞĚ
>ĂƚĞƌ ƚŚĂƚ ĞǀĞŶŝŶŐ͕ / ͚ŐŽŽŐůĞĚ ŝƚ͕͛ ůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ ĂďŽƵƚ ƚŚĞŽƌŝƐƚ ĂůŽŶŐƐŝĚĞŵǇĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶĂƚƚŚĞƉŚƌĂƐĞ͚,ĂŬƵŶĂŵĂƚĂƚĂ͛;Ă^ǁĂŚŝůŝ
&ƌŝĞĚƌŝĐŚ&ƌŽďĞů͘^ƵĚĚĞŶůǇŚĞƌƉŽĞƟĐƌĞŵĂƌŬƐĞĞŵĞĚƚŽŵĂŬĞ ƉŚƌĂƐĞ ƉŽƉƵůĂƌŝƐĞĚ ďǇ dŚĞ >ŝŽŶ <ŝŶŐ ŝƐŶĞǇ DŽǀŝĞ͕ϭϵϵϰͿ
ƐĞŶƐĞ͘ ^ŚĞ͕ Ă ǀŝƐŝƟŶŐ ƚĞĂĐŚĞƌ͕ ǁĂƐ ŵĂŬŝŶŐ ĐŽŵŵĞŶƚĂƌǇ ŽŶ ŵĞĂŶŝŶŐ͚ƚŚĞƌĞĂƌĞŶŽƚƌŽƵďůĞƐ͛͘KĨĐŽƵƌƐĞ͕ǁĞĂƌĞůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐŝŶ
ǁĂǇƐŝŶǁŚŝĐŚƚŚĞƚĞĂŵŚĂĚŐŽŶĞĂďŽƵƚƐĞƫŶŐƵƉƚŚĞŽƵƚĚŽŽƌ ƚŚĞĐŚĂůůĞŶŐĞǇĞƚƐŽŵĞƟŵĞƐŝƚ͛ƐŶŝĐĞƚŽĨƌĞĞŽƵƌŵŝŶĚƐ͙ĂŶĚ
ĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚ͘ dŚĞ ƐƉĂĐĞ ƚŚŽƵŐŚƞƵůůǇ ĂŶĚ ŝŶƚĞŶƟŽŶĂůůǇ ƐĞƚ͘ ŚŽůĚƐƉĂĐĞĨŽƌƉůĂĐĞƐǁŚĞƌĞǁĞĐĂŶũƵƐƚ͚ďĞ͛͘DĂǇďĞƚŚŝƐ͕ƚŽŽ
dŚĞƌĞǁĂƐŽƉƉŽƌƚƵŶŝƚǇĨŽƌĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶƚŽĞǆƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞƚŚĞŶĂƚƵƌĂů ŝƐĂŶŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŝĚĞĂŝŶƚŚĞĚĞƐŝŐŶŽĨƐĞƌǀŝĐĞ͘ƉůĂĐĞǁŚĞƌĞ
ǁŽŶĚĞƌƐ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ǁŽƌůĚ͕ ĮŶĚ ĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŽŶƐ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶ ŵĂƚĞƌŝĂůƐ ƚŚĞƌĞĂƌĞ͚ŶŽƚƌŽƵďůĞƐ͛ĨŽƌĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶĂŶĚĨĂŵŝůŝĞƐʹĂŶŝĚĞĂůŝƐƟĐ
ĂŶĚ ĞǆƉůŽƌĞ ĚŝǀĞƌƐĞ ĐƵƌƌŝĐƵůƵŵ ŽƉƉŽƌƚƵŶŝƟĞƐ͘ / ƌĞĐĂůů ŚĞƌ ƉĞƌƐƉĞĐƟǀĞ͕ / ŬŶŽǁ͘ WĞƌŚĂƉƐ ŝŶ ƚŚŝƐ ǁĂǇ͕ ƚŚĞŽƌǇ ŝƐ ŶŽƚ ŽŶůǇ
ŚŝŐŚůŝŐŚƟŶŐ ƚŚĞ ƌŽůĞ ŽĨ ĞĚƵĐĂƚŽƌƐ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ ƉƌŽĐĞƐƐ ĂďŽƵƚ ŚĞůƉŝŶŐ ƵƐ ƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚ ŝŶ ǁĂǇƐ ŶŽƚ ǇĞƚ ƵŶĚĞƌƐƚŽŽĚ͕
ĂƐ ƐŚĞ ƐƚŽŽĚ ďĂĐŬ ĂŶĚ ŶŽƟĐĞĚ ƚŚĞ ƚĞĂŵ Ăƚ ǁŽƌŬ͘ /ƚ ǁĂƐ Ăƚ ďƵƚ ŝƚ ƚŽŽ ŝƐ ĂůƐŽ ĂďŽƵƚ ŝŵĂŐŝŶŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ƉŽƐƐŝďŝůŝƟĞƐ ŶŽƚ ǇĞƚ
ƚŚŝƐ ŵŽŵĞŶƚ ƚŚĂƚ ŵǇ ƉĞƌƐƉĞĐƟǀĞƐ ŽŶ ƚŚĞŽƌǇ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞŽƌŝƐƚƐ ŝŵĂŐŝŶĞĚ͊
ƐƚĂƌƚĞĚ ƚŽ ƐŚŝŌ͕ ƌĞĂůŝƐŝŶŐ ƚŚĂƚ ƋƵŝƚĞ ƐŝŵƉůǇ ƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ
ƚŚĞŽƌǇĐŽƵůĚŚĞůƉŵĞƐĞĞ͕ŬŶŽǁ͕ŽƌĐŽŵĞƚŽƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚŵǇ People with great passions,
ƚĞĂĐŚŝŶŐĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚůǇ͘dŚŝƐƵŶĞǆƉĞĐƚĞĚůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐĞŶĐŽƵŶƚĞƌŚĂƐ
ƐĞĞŶ ŵĞ ĚƌĂǁ ŝŶƐƉŝƌĂƟŽŶ ĨƌŽŵ ƚŚĞŽƌŝƐƚƐ ƐƵĐŚ ĂƐ sǇŐŽƚƐŬǇ͕
people who accomplish great deeds,
DĂůĂŐƵǌǌŝ ĂŶĚ &ůĞĞƌ͘ dŚĞƐĞ ƚŚĞŽƌŝƐƚƐ ƐŚĂƌĞ Ă ƐŽĐŝĂůͲĐƵůƚƵƌĂů people who possess strong feelings,
ƉĞƌƐƉĞĐƟǀĞŽŶůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ͘dŚŝƐŵĞĂŶƐƚŚĂƚǁŚĞŶ/ĂŵƚŚŝŶŬŝŶŐ even people with great minds and a
ĂďŽƵƚ ůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ͕ / Ăŵ ĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌŝŶŐ ŚŽǁ / ĐĂŶ ĚĞůŝďĞƌĂƚĞůǇ
strong personality, rarely come out of
ďƌŝŶŐƚŽŐĞƚŚĞƌŐƌŽƵƉƐĨŽƌůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐĂŶĚĐƌĞĂƚĞĐŽŶĚŝƟŽŶƐĨŽƌ
ƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƟŽŶ͘ /Ŷ ƚŚŝƐ ƉƌŽĐĞƐƐ͕ / Ăŵ ƚŚŝŶŬŝŶŐ ĂďŽƵƚ ƚŚĞ ŵĂŶǇ good little boys and girls
ǁĂǇƐ/ĐĂŶƐĐĂīŽůĚĂŶĚƌĞƐƉŽŶĚƚŽŵĂŬĞǀŝƐŝďůĞƚŚĞƐƚƌĞŶŐƚŚƐ /HY69\JRWVN\
ŽĨƚŚĞŐƌŽƵƉ͘dŚŝƐŇĞĞƟŶŐĞŶĐŽƵŶƚĞƌŚĂƐĐŽŶƟŶƵĞĚŚĂƐďĞĞŶ
ĂĐĂƚĂůǇƐƚŽĨŝŶŇƵĞŶĐĞŽǀĞƌƟŵĞ͕ĨŽƌƚŚŝƐŵŽŵĞŶƚŚĂƐĨŽƌĞǀĞƌ
ŝŶŇƵĞŶĐĞĚŵǇƚŚŝŶŬŝŶŐĂďŽƵƚůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐƚŽŐĞƚŚĞƌĂŶĚƚŚĞǀĂůƵĞ REFERENCES
WŽƵŶĚ͕>͘;ϮϬϭϭͿ,ŽǁĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶůĞĂƌŶ͘>ĂƵŐŚƚŽŶ͕h͘<͗͘ƐƐĞŶƟĂůZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐ͘
ŽĨƚŚĞŽƌǇ͘/ƐƟůůĐĂƚĐŚŵǇƐĞůĨƚŚŝŶŬŝŶŐĂďŽƵƚ&ƌŽďĞů͛ƐƚŚĞŽƌŝĞƐ
ĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚŽĨĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ͘;ϮϬϮϮͿ͘ĞůŽŶŐŝŶŐ͕ďĞŝŶŐĂŶĚďĞĐŽŵŝŶŐ͗dŚĞĞĂƌůǇ
ŝŶĂĐƟŽŶ͕ƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌůǇĂƐ/ĞŶŐĂŐĞŝŶƉůĂǇǁŝƚŚĂŶĚĂůŽŶŐƐŝĚĞ
ǇĞĂƌƐůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐĨƌĂŵĞǁŽƌŬĨŽƌƵƐƚƌĂůŝĂsϮ͘Ϭ͘ƵƐƚƌĂůŝĂŶŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͛ƐĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ
ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͘/ŶϭϵϭϮ͕&ƌŽďĞůƐĂŝĚ͕͚WůĂǇŝƐƚŚĞŚŝŐŚĞƐƚĞǆƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶ Θ ĂƌĞ YƵĂůŝƚǇ ƵƚŚŽƌŝƚǇ͘ ŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘ĂĐĞĐƋĂ͘ŐŽǀ͘ĂƵͬƐŝƚĞƐͬĚĞĨĂƵůƚͬ
ŽĨ ŚƵŵĂŶ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ ŝŶ ĐŚŝůĚŚŽŽĚ ĨŽƌ ŝƚ ĂůŽŶĞ ŝƐ ƚŚĞ ĨƌĞĞ ĮůĞƐͬϮϬϮϯͲϬϭͬz>&ͲϮϬϮϮͲsϮ͘Ϭ͘ƉĚĨ
ĞǆƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶ ŽĨ ǁŚĂƚ ŝƐ ŝŶ Ă ĐŚŝůĚ͛Ɛ ƐŽƵů͛͘ dŚŝƐ ƉŽǁĞƌĨƵů ŝĚĞĂ ŚĂƌůĞƐ ^ƚƵƌƚ hŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ ;^hͿ͕ ϮϬϬϵ͕ ĂƌůǇ zĞĂƌƐ >ĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ &ƌĂŵĞǁŽƌŬ
ůĞĂǀĞƐƵƐŵƵĐŚƚŽƚŚŝŶŬĂďŽƵƚŝŶŽƵƌĞǀĞƌǇĚĂǇ͕ƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌůǇŝŶ ŽŶƐŽƌƟƵŵ͕ŽĐƵŵĞŶƚϳ͕>ŝŶŬŝŶŐdŚĞŽƌĞƟĐĂůWĞƌƐƉĞĐƟǀĞƐƚŽWƌĂĐƟĐĞ͘
ŽƵƌĂĚǀŽĐĂĐǇĨŽƌƚŚĞƌŝŐŚƚƐŽĨĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͘ ŚĂŬƵŶĂŵĂƚĂƚĂDĞĂŶŝŶŐΘKƌŝŐŝŶͮ^ůĂŶŐďǇŝĐƟŽŶĂƌǇ͘ĐŽŵ
54
… I FORGET …
RIC M C CONAGHY
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT
/ŚĞĂƌĂŶĚ/ĨŽƌŐĞƚ͕/ƐĞĞĂŶĚ/ƌĞŵĞŵďĞƌ͕/ĚŽ/ƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚ͙/ ŶĚƐŽ͕ǇĞƐ͕/ŚĞĂƌĂŶĚ/ĨŽƌŐĞƚ͕ǇĞƉ͕ƚŚĂƚŝƐŵĞ͕ƋƵŝƚĞĂůŽƚ͘
ŚĂǀĞ ŶŽƚ ďŽƚŚĞƌĞĚ ƚŽ ƉƵƚ ƚŚŝƐ ŝŶ ƋƵŽƚĂƟŽŶ ŵĂƌŬƐ ĂƐ ŝƚ ŚĂƐ &ƌŽŵ ƐŚŽƉƉŝŶŐ ƌĞƋƵĞƐƚƐ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ůĂƚĞƐƚ ĂƵĚŝŽďŽŽŬ͕ ƐƚƵī ŐŽĞƐ
ďŽƵŶĐĞĚĂƌŽƵŶĚŝŶǀĂƌŝŽƵƐĨŽƌŵƐĨŽƌĚĞĐĂĚĞƐŝŶĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĂů ŝŶĂŶĚŽŶůǇƐŽŵĞƟŵĞƐŝƐƌĞƚĂŝŶĞĚĨŽƌƉŽƐŝƟǀĞŽƵƚĐŽŵĞ͘/ƐĞĞ
ĐŝƌĐůĞƐ ;ĂŶĚ ďĞǇŽŶĚͿ͕ ĂŶĚ ƋƵŽƚĂƟŽŶ ŵĂƌŬƐ ǁŽƵůĚ ƐƵŐŐĞƐƚ Ă ĂŶĚ/ƌĞŵĞŵďĞƌ͙ŵŽƐƚůǇ͘dŚĂƚƐĂŝĚ͕/ĐĂŶǁĂƚĐŚĂŵŽǀŝĞǇĞĂƌƐ
ĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƚǇƚŽŝƚƐƐŽƵƌĐĞ͘ ĂŌĞƌ ƐĞĞŝŶŐ ŝƚ ƚŚĞ ĮƌƐƚ ƟŵĞ ĂŶĚ ŚĂǀĞ ŶƵĂŶĐĞ ĂŶĚͬŽƌ ŵĂũŽƌ
ƉůŽƚ ƉŽŝŶƚ ƌĞǀĞĂůĞĚ ůŝŬĞ ŝƚ ǁĂƐ ŶĞǁ͘ / ĚŽ / ƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚ͙ĂůƐŽ
tƌŽŶŐůǇ ĂƩƌŝďƵƚĞĚ ŵŽƐƚůǇ ƚŽ ŽŶĨƵĐŝƵƐ͕ ŝƚ ŚĂƐ ĂůƐŽ ďĞĞŶ ŵŽƐƚůǇ͘ƵƚƐŽŵĞƚĞĐŚƐƚƵīƚŚĂƚ/ŽŶůǇŚĂǀĞƚŽĚŽŽĐĐĂƐŝŽŶĂůůǇ
ĂƩƌŝďƵƚĞĚ ƚŽ ĞǀĞƌǇŽŶĞ ĨƌŽŵ ,Ğƌď dƌƵĞ ƚŽ ĂŶ ƵŶŬŶŽǁŶ ĐĂŶďĞĨƵůůǇƵŶĚĞƌƐƚŽŽĚǁŚĞŶ/ƵƐĞŝƚ͕ďƵƚŶĞĞĚƚŽďĞƌĞǀŝƐĞĚ
ŵĞƌŝĐĂŶ/ŶĚŝĂŶ͘/ŶĂůůůŝŬĞůŝŚŽŽĚ͕ŝƚŝƐĂǀĂƌŝĂƟŽŶŽŶĂƚŚĞŵĞ ;ŽŬĂǇ͕zŽƵƚƵďĞĚ͊ͿŝĨ/ŶĞĞĚƚŽĚŽŝƚĂŐĂŝŶƐŝǆŵŽŶƚŚƐůĂƚĞƌ͘^Ž͕ŝƚ
ĨƌŽŵyƵŶǌŝ͘KƌŶŽƚ͘ ŝƐĂůůĂďŝƚŇƵŝĚ͕ǁŚŝĐŚŝƐŚĂƌĚůǇƐƵƌƉƌŝƐŝŶŐĐŽƐ/ĂŵϳϭйǁĂƚĞƌ
͙ŽƌǁĂƐƚŚĂƚƚŚĞĂƌƚŚ͍͊Ύ
/ƚ ŬŝŶĚĂ ƐŽƵŶĚƐ ƉƌŽĨŽƵŶĚ͘ /ƚ ŬŝŶĚĂ ũƵƐƚ ŵĞĂŶƐ ǁĞ ůĞĂƌŶ
ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚĞǆƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ͘KƚŚĞƌƐǁŽƵůĚĂƌŐƵĞǁĞŶĞĞĚŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞ͕ /ĂŵŶŽƚƵŶŝƋƵĞŝŶƚŚŝƐĐĂƉĂĐŝƚǇƚŽŚĂǀĞƚŽůĞĂƌŶĂŶĚƌĞͲůĞĂƌŶ͘
ƚŚĞ ůĂƩĞƌ ďĞŝŶŐ ĚĞĮŶĞĚ ĂƐ ŚĂǀŝŶŐ ĂǁĂƌĞŶĞƐƐ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ƚŚĞ Ɛ ǁĞ ĨƵŵďůĞ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ŽƵƌ ũŽƵƌŶĞǇ͕ ƚŚĞƌĞ ĂƌĞ ďŝƚƐ ƚŚĂƚ ƐƟĐŬ
ƉƌŽĐĞƐƐ ŽĨ ĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ ƌĂƚŚĞƌ ƚŚĂŶ ƐĞůĨͲůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ͘ ĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ďŝƚƐ ƚŚĂƚ ĨĂůů ĂǁĂǇ͘ ^ŽŵĞ ĨŽůŬƐ ĂƌĞ ĨŽƌŵŝĚĂďůĞ ŝŶ ƚŚĞŝƌ
ŚĂƐ ƉĞƌƉĞƚƵĂůůǇ ĞǀŽůǀŝŶŐ ƚŚĞŽƌŝĞƐ ĂŶĚ ƉĂƌĂĚŝŐŵƐ͘ ^ŽŵĞ ƌĞƚĞŶƟŽŶ͕ƐŽŵĞŶŽƚƐŽŵƵĐŚ͘^ŽŵĞŝƐƚŚĞŝƌĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ͕ƐŽŵĞ
ƉƌĂĐƟƟŽŶĞƌƐ ƐĞĞŬ ƚŽ ƐƟĐŬ Įƌŵ ƚŽ Ă ƐƚƌŝĐƚ ƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇ͕ ǁŚŝůƐƚ ŝƐƚŚĞŝƌĂƉƟƚƵĚĞ͕ƐŽŵĞŝƐƚŚĞƋƵĂůŝƚǇŽĨǁŚĂƚŝƐďĞŝŶŐƚĂƵŐŚƚ͘
ŽƚŚĞƌƐ ƐŚŽƉ ĨƌŽŵ ƚŚĞ ƐŵŽƌŐĂƐďŽƌĚ ŽĨ ŽƉƟŽŶƐ ĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞ Ăƚ Ƶƚ/ǁŝůůŶĞǀĞƌƐƚŽƉƚƌǇŝŶŐƚŽůĞĂƌŶĂŶĚůŽǀŝŶŐŝƚĂŶĚƐŚĂƌŝŶŐ
ƚŚĞƟŵĞĂŶĚĂƌĞŝŶŇƵĞŶĐĞĚďǇǁŚŽŝƚŝƐŝŶƚĞŶĚĞĚĨŽƌ͘/ŐƵĞƐƐ ĞǆƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞƐǁŝƚŚŽƚŚĞƌƐ͘
ŝƚ ĚĞƉĞŶĚƐ ŽŶ ǁŚĞƌĞ ǇŽƵ ǁĂŶƚ ǇŽƵƌ ůĞĂƌŶĞƌƐ ƚŽ ůĂŶĚ ǁŚĞŶ
ĚĞĐŝĚŝŶŐǁŚĞƌĞƚŚĞǇŵŝŐŚƚƚĂŬĞŽīĨƌŽŵ͘ /Ŷ ĐůŽƐŝŶŐ͕ / ƌĞƐŽƌƚ ƚŽ ŽŶĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ŵŽƐƚ ƵŶĚĞƌƌĂƚĞĚ ƚƌƵƚŚͲ
ƚĞůůĞƌƐŽĨŽƵƌƟŵĞ͕DƌdĞƌƌǇWƌĂƚĐŚĞƩ͚͘dŚĞƉƌĞƐĞŶĐĞŽĨƚŚŽƐĞ
,ĂǀŝŶŐŚŽǀĞƌĞĚĂƌŽƵŶĚŽƌŐĂŶŝƐĂƟŽŶĂůƐǇƐƚĞŵƐĨŽƌĂŶĞƚĞƌŶŝƚǇ͕ ƐĞĞŬŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ƚƌƵƚŚ ŝƐ ĚĞĮŶŝƚĞůǇ ƚŽ ďĞ ƉƌĞĨĞƌƌĞĚ ƚŽ ƚŚŽƐĞ ǁŚŽ
/ĂŵŽŌĞŶƚĂŬĞŶĂďĂĐŬďǇƚŚĞŝŶƚĞŶƐŝƚǇŽĨĂƌŐƵŵĞŶƚĂƌŽƵŶĚ ƚŚŝŶŬ ƚŚĞǇ ŚĂǀĞ ĨŽƵŶĚ ŝƚ͛͘ ;DŽŶƐƚƌŽƵƐ ZĞŐŝŵĞŶƚͿ͘ / ůŝŬĞ ŝƚ ƐŽ
ƚŚŝƐŽƌƚŚĂƚ͘WĂƐƐŝŽŶŝƐŐŽŽĚ͕ĂŶĚƚŚĞƐƚĂŬĞƐĂƌĞŚŝŐŚ͘ƵƚƚŚĞƌĞ ŵƵĐŚ ŝƚ ŝƐ ƐĐƌĂǁůĞĚ ŽŶ Ă ƉŝĞĐĞ ŽĨ ƉĂƉĞƌ ƐƟĐŬǇͲƚĂƉĞĚ ƚŽ ŵǇ
ƐĞĞŵƐƚŽďĞĂƐĞŶƐĞƚŚĂƚŝĨƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŝƐƌŝŐŚƚ͕ƚŚĞŶƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ ƐƚƵĚŝŽǁĂůů͕ƐŽ/ĚŽŶ͛ƚĨŽƌŐĞƚ͘
ŵƵƐƚďĞǁƌŽŶŐ͘dŚŝƐŝƐŵŽƐƚĞǀŝĚĞŶƚŝŶƚŚĞŽƵƚƌĂŐĞĨĂďƌŝĐĂƚŽƌ
ůĂƵŐŚŝŶŐůǇ ƌĞĨĞƌƌĞĚ ƚŽ ĂƐ ƐŽĐŝĂů ŵĞĚŝĂ͘ ŶƟͲƐŽĐŝĂů ŵĞĚŝĂ ΎĂƌƚŚ͛ƐƐƵƌĨĂĐĞϳϭйǁĂƚĞƌ͕ŵĂůĞĂĚƵůƚďŽĚǇϲϬйǁĂƚĞƌ;ͲŝƐŚͿ͘
ǁŽƵůĚďĞĂŵŽƌĞĂƉƚĚĞƐĐƌŝƉƟŽŶ͕ŵĞƚŚŝŶŬƐ͘EŽƚƚŚĂƚ/ǁŽƵůĚ
ŬŶŽǁ ĐŽƐ / ĚŽŶ͛ƚ ŚĂǀĞ ĂŶǇ͙ďƵƚ ĂƐ Ă ƉĂƌĞŶƚ ŽĨ ƚǁŽ ǇŽƵŶŐ
ĂĚƵůƚƐ͕ / ŚĂǀĞ ĚĞĮŶŝƚĞůǇ ŚĂĚ ƚŽ ŵĂŶĂŐĞ ƚŚĞ ŚĞĂƌƚďƌĞĂŬŝŶŐ The presence of those seeking the truth
ƌĞǀĞƌďĞƌĂƟŽŶƐŽĨĞŶŐĂŐĞŵĞŶƚǁŝƚŚƚŚŝƐďĞĂƐƚ͘
LVGHƪQDWHO\WREHSUHIHUUHGWRWKRVH
ƵƚƚŚĞďŝŶĂƌǇŝƐũƵƐƚƐŽĮŶŝƚĞ͘ůĂĐŬĂŶĚǁŚŝƚĞƉŚŽƚŽŐƌĂƉŚǇ who think they have found it
ĞŶƚŚƌĂůƐŽŶůǇďǇĞǆƉůŽƌŝŶŐƚŚĞƐŚĂĚĞƐŽĨŐƌĞǇ͘ĂsŝŶĐŝ͕ƵƌĞƌ͕ Monstrous Regiment - Terry Patchett
<ĂƚŚĞ <Žůůǁŝƚǌ ĂŶĚ DŝĐŚĞůĂŶŐĞůŽ ŐŝǀĞ ĨŽƌŵ ĂŶĚ ĞŵŽƟŽŶ
ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ƚŚĞ ĐŽŵƉůĞǆŝƚǇ ĂŶĚ ĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ ŽĨ ƚŚĞŝƌ ŵĂƌŬͲŵĂŬŝŶŐ͘
dŚĞƐĞ ĂƌĞ ŶŽƚ ĞŝƚŚĞƌͲŽƌ ďƵƚ Ă ŵĞƌŐŝŶŐ ŽĨ ŝŶƚĞŶƚ͕ ŝŶŇƵĞŶĐĞ͕
ŵĞĚŝĂĂŶĚŵŽŽĚ͘
55
CULTIVATING SELF-COMPASSION:
CREATING CULTURES OF KINDNESS
RACHEL FLOTTMAN
ETHICAL INTERACTIONS
Compassion is the radicalism of our time tĞ ďĞŐĂŶ ƚŚĞ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚ ďǇ ĞǆƉůŽƌŝŶŐ ŬŝŶĚŶĞƐƐ ʹ ŝŶ Ăůů ŝƚ͛Ɛ
ĚŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶƐ ǁŝƚŚ ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͘ tĞ ĞǆƉůŽƌĞĚ ŬŝŶĚ ĂĐƟŽŶƐ͕ ŬŝŶĚ
- Dalai Lama ǁŽƌĚƐ ĂŶĚ ŬŝŶĚ ǀŽŝĐĞƐ͘ ǆƉůŽƌŝŶŐ ŬŝŶĚŶĞƐƐ ďƌŽĂĚůǇ ǁĂƐ
ŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚƐŽƚŚĂƚǁĞĚŝĚŶ͛ƚĨĂůůŝŶƚŽĂƚƌĂƉŽĨƚŽǆŝĐƉŽƐŝƟǀŝƚǇ
ĂŶĚ ƵďŝƋƵŝƚŽƵƐ ͚ƐĞůĨͲĐĂƌĞ͛ ƚŚĂƚ ĐĂŶ ďĞ ƐŚĂŵĞͲďĂƐĞĚ ĂŶĚ ŝƐ
If your compassion does not include ŚĞĂǀŝůǇ ŵĂƌŬĞƚĞĚ ƚŽ ǁŽŵĞŶ ŝŶ ŽƵƌ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚǇ͘ /ŶƐƚĞĂĚ͕ ǁĞ
yourself, it is incomplete-DFN.RUQƪHOG ǁŽƌŬĞĚ ǁŝƚŚ ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ ŽŶ ƚŚĞ ǁĂǇƐ ƚŚĞǇ ĐĂŶ ƐŚŽǁ ŬŝŶĚŶĞƐƐ
ĂŶĚ ůŽǀĞ͖ ŶŽƚ ũƵƐƚ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ŐŝŌƐ ĂŶĚ ͚ŵĞ ƟŵĞ͕͛ ďƵƚ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ
ǁŚĂƚŬŝŶĚƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉƐůŽŽŬůŝŬĞ͕ŬŝŶĚǀŽŝĐĞƐ͕ŬŝŶĚǁŽƌĚƐ͕ŬŝŶĚ
<ƌŝƐƟŶ EĞī͛Ɛ ƐĞůĨͲĐŽŵƉĂƐƐŝŽŶ͕ ĚĞĮŶĞĚ ĂƐ ƚŚĞ ĐĂƉĂĐŝƚǇ ƚŽ ƚŽŶĞƐ͘
ĐĂƌĞ ĂŶĚ ƚĞŶĚ ƚŽ ŽƵƌƐĞůǀĞƐ ůŝŬĞ ǁĞ ǁŽƵůĚ ŽƵƌ ďĞƐƚ ĨƌŝĞŶĚ ʹ
ĞƐƉĞĐŝĂůůǇǁŚĞŶƟŵĞƐĂƌĞƚŽƵŐŚͲŝƐŐĂŝŶŝŶŐƚƌĂĐƟŽŶŐůŽďĂůůǇ͘ KƵƌĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĂůƚĞĂŵďĞŐĂŶŵŽĚĞůůŝŶŐƚŚŝƐŬŝŶĚŶĞƐƐĞǆƉůŝĐŝƚůǇ
^ĞůĨͲĐŽŵƉĂƐƐŝŽŶ ŚĞůƉƐ ƵƐ ƚŽ ĂĐĐĞƉƚ ƚŚĂƚ ǁĞ͕ ĂŶĚ ŽƵƌ ůŝǀĞƐ͕ ĨŽƌ ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ ʹ ŬŝŶĚ ǀŽŝĐĞƐ͕ ŬŝŶĚ ǁŽƌĚƐ͕ ŬŝŶĚ ƚŽŶĞƐ ʹ ƐŽ ƚŚĂƚ
ĂƌĞŝŵƉĞƌĨĞĐƚ͘ŶĚƚŚĂƚŽƵƌŝŵƉĞƌĨĞĐƟŽŶŵĂŬĞƐƵƐŚƵŵĂŶ͘/ƚ ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ ĐŽƵůĚ ƐƚĂƌƚ ĐŽƉǇŝŶŐ ƚŚĞŵ ĂŶĚ͕ ĂƐ WĞŐŐǇ K͛DĂƌĂ
ĐŽŶŶĞĐƚƐĂůůŽĨƵƐ͘ ĨĂŵŽƵƐůǇƐĂǇƐ͕ŝŶƚĞƌŶĂůŝƐĞƚŚĞŵ͘
/ƚŝƐƐĞĞŶƚŽďĞŵŽƌĞƉŽǁĞƌĨƵůƚŚĂŶƐĞůĨͲĞƐƚĞĞŵ͕ǁŚŝĐŚŝƐďĂƐĞĚ tĞ͛Ě ŚĞĂƌ ĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĂů ƚĞĂŵ ŵĞŵďĞƌƐ ƐĂǇ ͚tŽǁ͕ ƚŚĂƚ ůŽŽŬƐ
ŽŶĨĞĞůŝŶŐ͚ŐŽŽĚ͛ĂďŽƵƚǇŽƵƌƐĞůĨ͕ĂĨĞĞůŝŶŐǁŚŝĐŚŝƐŝŵƉŽƐƐŝďůĞ ƚŽƵŐŚ͕/ƌĞĐŬŽŶǇŽƵĐĂŶĚŽŝƚ͕ǇŽƵ͛ƌĞŐƌĞĂƚĂƚďƵŝůĚŝŶŐ͛Žƌ͚KŚ͕
ƚŽŵĂŝŶƚĂŝŶĂůůƚŚĞƟŵĞ͕ĂŶĚƌĞƋƵŝƌĞƐƐŽŵĞŽŶĞƚŽďĞ͚ǁŽƌƐĞ /ŬŶŽǁ͕ǇŽƵŵŝƐƐǇŽƵƌŵƵŵ͘dŚĂƚ͛ƐŚĂƌĚŝƐŶ͛ƚŝƚ͍dŚĞĨĞĞůŝŶŐ
Žī͛ƚŚĂŶǁĞĂƌĞ͘^ĞůĨͲĐŽŵƉĂƐƐŝŽŶŽŶƚŚĞŽƚŚĞƌŚĂŶĚ ĂůůŽǁƐ ǁŝůůƉĂƐƐďƵƚǁŚĂƚĐĂŶ/ĚŽǁŚŝůĞŝƚ͛ƐƐƟůůƚŚĞƌĞ͍͕͛Žƌ͚zŽƵĂƌĞ
ƵƐ ƚŽ Ɛŝƚ ǁŝƚŚ ŝŵƉĞƌĨĞĐƟŽŶ͕ ŐƵŝĚŝŶŐ ŬŝŶĚŶĞƐƐ͕ ǁĂƌŵƚŚ ĂŶĚ &h>Kh^ĂƚƚŚĂƚ͕͊͛Žƌ͚dŚĂƚŝƐƚŚĞďĞƐƚĐŽůůĂŐĞ/͛ǀĞƐĞĞŶŝŶĂ
ĐŽŵƉĂƐƐŝŽŶŝŶƚŽŽƵƌƐĞůǀĞƐƚŽƐŽŽƚŚĞĂŶĚƌĞĂƐƐƵƌĞŽƵƌƐĞůǀĞƐ ůŽŶŐƟŵĞ͊͘͟dŚĞƐĞǁŽƌĚƐǁĞƌĞƐŽŵĞŐĞŶƚůĞĂĸƌŵĂƟŽŶƐĂŶĚ
ǁŚĞŶ ǁĞ ŶŽƟĐĞ Ă ŇĂǁ Žƌ ĨĂŝůƵƌĞ͘ /ƚ ƐĞĞƐ ƚŚĂƚ ĞĂĐŚ ůŝǀŝŶŐ ĞǀĞŶ͕ĚĂƌĞ/ƐĂǇŝƚ͕ƉƌĂŝƐĞ;ƚŚŽƵŐŚƐƉĞĐŝĮĐĂŶĚĂƵƚŚĞŶƟĐͿ͘
ĐƌĞĂƚƵƌĞŚĂƐĞƋƵĂůǀĂůƵĞĂŶĚǁŽƌƚŚ͘tĞĐĂŶĂůǁĂǇƐďĞŬŝŶĚ
ƚŽŽƵƌƐĞůǀĞƐ͖ǁĞĐĂŶŶŽƚĂůǁĂǇƐĨĞĞů͚ŐŽŽĚ͛ĂďŽƵƚŽƵƌƐĞůǀĞƐ͘ ƚƚŚĞƐĂŵĞƟŵĞ͕ǁĞƐĞƚƵƉĂƐƉĂĐĞŝŶƚŚĞƌŽŽŵĨŽƌĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ
ƚŽƌĞŇĞĐƚʹŵŝŶĚĨƵůŶĞƐƐŝƐĂŬĞǇƉĂƌƚŽĨƐĞůĨͲĐŽŵƉĂƐƐŝŽŶʹŝƚ
tĞ ŚĂǀĞ ďĞĞŶ ǁŽƌŬŝŶŐ ǁŝƚŚ ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ ĂĐƌŽƐƐ Ă ůŽĐĂů ĂůůŽǁƐƵƐƚŽƐŝƚǁŝƚŚĚŝƐĐŽŵĨŽƌƚĂŶĚďĞĐƵƌŝŽƵƐĂďŽƵƚŝƚ͕ƌĂƚŚĞƌ
ŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚ ĂƌĞĂ ŝŶ DĞůďŽƵƌŶĞ͛Ɛ ŽƵƚĞƌ EŽƌƚŚ ƚŚŝƐ ǇĞĂƌ ƚŽ ƚŚĂŶ ďĞĐŽŵŝŶŐ ĂŶǆŝŽƵƐ͘ &Žƌ ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͕ ƚŚŝƐ ŵĞĂŶƐ ŝŶǀŝƟŶŐ
ďƵŝůĚƚŚĞŝƌƌĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞʹƚŽŽǀĞƌĐŽŵĞĂĚǀĞƌƐŝƚǇǁŚĞŶƚŚĞǇŵĞĞƚ ƚŚĞŵ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ƉŽƐƐŝďŝůŝƚǇ ƚŚĂƚ ŝŶƚƌŽƐƉĞĐƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ŵĞĚŝƚĂƟǀĞͲ
ŝƚ͘ tĞ͛ǀĞ ƵƐĞĚ Ă ƐƚƌĞŶŐƚŚͲďĂƐĞĚ ƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇ ƚŚĂƚ ƌĞĐŽŐŶŝƐĞƐ ůŝŬĞƉƌĂĐƟĐĞƐĐĂŶďĞĞŶũŽǇĂďůĞ͘/ŶƚŚŝƐƐƉĂĐĞ͕ǁĞĐƌĞĂƚĞĚĂŶ
Ăůů ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ ĂƌĞ ƌĞƐŝůŝĞŶƚ͕ ĂŶĚ ŽǀĞƌĐŽŵĞ ĂĚǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞŝƌ ĂƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌĞŽĨǁĂƌŵƚŚĂŶĚůŽǀĞ͕ŽīĞƌŝŶŐĂƐĞƌŝĞƐŽĨŬŝŶĚŶĞƐƐ
ŽǁŶ ƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌ ƐƚƌĞŶŐƚŚƐ ĂŶĚ ƌĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞ ĚŝƐƉŽƐŝƟŽŶƐ͘ tĞ͛ǀĞ ƉƌŽǀŽĐĂƟŽŶƐ͕ďĞĂƵƟĨƵůŝŵĂŐĞƐ͕ǁĂƌŵůŝŐŚƟŶŐ͕ƐŽŌŵĂƚĞƌŝĂůƐ
ĚĞĞƉĞŶĞĚ ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͛Ɛ ŝŶŶĂƚĞ ƌĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞ ĐĂƉĂĐŝƟĞƐ ďǇ ďƵŝůĚŝŶŐ and cushions and natural materials so that children could sit
Ă Įƌŵ ĨŽƵŶĚĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ ďĞůŽŶŐŝŶŐ͕ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƟŶŐ ƚŚĞŝƌ ĞŵŽƟŽŶ ŝŶƉĞĂĐĞĂŶĚ͚ďĞ͛ŽƌƌĞŇĞĐƚ͘
ůŝƚĞƌĂĐǇ ĂŶĚ ĐĂƉĂĐŝƟĞƐ ƚŽ Ɛŝƚ ǁŝƚŚ ŚĂƌĚ ĨĞĞůŝŶŐƐ͕ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƟŶŐ
ƚŚĞŝƌ ĂŐĞŶĐǇ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ĐŽůůĂďŽƌĂƟǀĞ ĚĞĐŝƐŝŽŶ ŵĂŬŝŶŐ͕ ĂŶĚ Ɛ ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ ďĞĐĂŵĞ ŵŽƌĞ ĂŶĚ ŵŽƌĞ ĨĂŵŝůŝĂƌ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞƐĞ
ŽƵƌ ĮŶĂů ƉƌŽũĞĐƚ ǁĂƐ ƚŽ ďƵŝůĚ ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͛Ɛ ŬŝŶĚŶĞƐƐ ĂŶĚ ƐĞůĨͲ ǁŽƌĚƐĂŶĚƚŚĞƉĞĂĐĞŽĨƐŝƫŶŐŝŶƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶ͕ǁĞďĞŐĂŶŝŶǀŝƟŶŐ
ĐŽŵƉĂƐƐŝŽŶ͘KƵƌƚŚŝŶŬŝŶŐʹďĂĐŬĞĚƵƉďǇĞǇŽŶĚůƵĞʹŝƐƚŚĂƚ ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶƚŽǁƌŝƚĞĂŶĚĚƌĂǁĂĸƌŵĂƟŽŶĐĂƌĚƐĨŽƌƚŚĞŵƐĞůǀĞƐ͘
ǁŚĞŶĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶŚĂǀĞĂǁĂƌŵ͕ŬŝŶĚ͕ĐŽŵƉĂƐƐŝŽŶĂƚĞƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉ ŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͛ƐĂĸƌŵĂƟŽŶƐŝŶĐůƵĚĞĚ͚/ĂŵĂǁĞƐŽŵĞ͕͚͛/ĂŵůŽǀĞĚ͕͛
ǁŝƚŚƚŚĞŵƐĞůǀĞƐ͕ƚŚĞǇĐĂŶŐĞƚƚŚƌŽƵŐŚǁŚĞŶƚŚŝŶŐƐŐŽƚƚŽƵŐŚ / Ăŵ ŚƵŵĂŶ͛ ĂŶĚ ͚/ ďĞůŽŶŐ͛ ĂŶĚ ǁĞƌĞ ƉĂŝƌĞĚ ǁŝƚŚ ďĞĂƵƟĨƵů
ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞŝƌ ƚĞĂĐŚĞƌ͕ ƉĂƌĞŶƚ͕ Žƌ ĨƌŝĞŶĚ ŝƐŶ͛ƚ ƚŚĞƌĞ ƚŽ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ ŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƐ͘
ƚŚĞŵ͘
KƵƌ ƉůĂŶ ŝƐ ƚŚĂƚ ƚŚĞƐĞ ǁŝůů ďĞ ůĂŵŝŶĂƚĞĚ ĂŶĚ ƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĞĚ
tĞ ǁĞƌĞ ĚĞůŝŐŚƚĞĚ ďǇ ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͛Ɛ ĐĂƉĂĐŝƚǇ ƚŽ ƚƵƌŶ ƚŚĞŝƌ ďĞĂƵƟĨƵůůǇƐŽƚŚĂƚƚŚĞǇĐĂŶŐŽƚŽƐĐŚŽŽůǁŝƚŚƚŚĞŵʹƐŽƚŚĂƚ
ŬŝŶĚŶĞƐƐ ŝŶǁĂƌĚƐ͕ ĂŶĚ ďĞ ƚŚĞŝƌ ŽǁŶ ĐŚĂŵƉŝŽŶ͘ dŚŝƐ ŝƐ Ă ƚŚĞǇĂůǁĂǇƐŚĂǀĞŬŝŶĚŶĞƐƐ͗ŬŝŶĚǀŽŝĐĞƐ͕ŬŝŶĚǁŽƌĚƐ͕ŬŝŶĚƚŽŶĞƐ
ĐĂƉĂĐŝƚǇŵĂŶǇĂĚƵůƚƐƐƚƌƵŐŐůĞǁŝƚŚ͘tĞǁĞƌĞĞǆĐŝƚĞĚƚŽŐĞƚŝŶ ǁŝƚŚƚŚĞŵĞǀĞŶǁŚĞŶǁĞ͛ƌĞŶŽƚƚŚĞƌĞ͘
ĞĂƌůǇ͕ďĞĨŽƌĞƚŽŽŵƵĐŚƐĞůĨͲĚŽƵďƚĐƌĞƉƚŝŶ͕ƚŽƉƵƚĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶŽŶ
ĂƉĂƚŚƚŽǁĂƌĚƐƐĞůĨͲĐŽŵƉĂƐƐŝŽŶĂŶĚŬŝŶĚŶĞƐƐ͘ zŽƵĐĂŶƌĞĂĚŵŽƌĞĂďŽƵƚƐĞůĨͲĐŽŵƉĂƐƐŝŽŶĂƚƐĞůĨͲĐŽŵƉĂƐƐŝŽŶ͘ŽƌŐ
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Žƌ/ŶƐƚĂŐƌĂŵΛĞƚŚŝĐĂůͺŝŶƚĞƌĂĐƟŽŶƐ
56
,1)/8(17,$/7+,1.(56
IN PRAISE
OF HABITS
ĐĐŽƌĚŝŶŐƚŽƌ<ĞƌƌǇZŽďŝŶƐŽŶĂŶĚƌŝƐƐĞ:ŽŶĞƐŝĂǌ;ϮϬϭϳͿ͕ dŚĞ ƵƐƚƌĂůŝĂŶ ĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚ ŽĨ ĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ ĚĞƐĐƌŝďĞƐ ϮϭƐƚͲ
ƚŽĚĂǇ͛Ɛ ŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ ŝƐ ĐŽŵŝŶŐ ƚŽ ĞĂƌůǇ ĐŚŝůĚŚŽŽĚ ĐĞŶƚƵƌǇ ƐŬŝůůƐ ĂƐ ǁĂǇƐ ŽĨ ƚŚŝŶŬŝŶŐ͕ ǁĂǇƐ ŽĨ ǁŽƌŬŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ
ƉƌŽŐƌĂŵƐ ŵŽƌĞ ŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞĂďůĞ͕ ŵŽƌĞ ƚĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐŝĐĂůůǇ ǁĂǇƐ ŽĨ ůŝǀŝŶŐ ƌĂƚŚĞƌ ƚŚĂŶ ƐƉĞĐŝĮĐ ƐƵďũĞĐƚ ŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞ͘ tĞ
ĂǁĂƌĞ͕ůĞƐƐŶĂŝǀĞ͕ŵŽƌĞǁŽƌůĚůǇĂŶĚĂďůĞƚŽƐǁŝƚĐŚůĂŶŐƵĂŐĞ ŶĞĞĚ ƚŚŝŶŬŝŶŐ ƐŬŝůůƐ ʹ ĐƌĞĂƟǀĞ͕ ĐƌŝƟĐĂů ĂŶĚ ƉƌŽďůĞŵͲƐŽůǀŝŶŐ͘
ĂŶĚ ĐƵůƚƵƌĞ ĐŽĚĞƐ͘ ƚ ƚŚĞ ƐĂŵĞ ƟŵĞ͕ īƌŝĐĂ dĂǇůŽƌ ;ϮϬϭϯͿ WĞƌƐŽŶĂůĂŶĚƐŽĐŝĂůƐŬŝůůƐʹĐŽůůĂďŽƌĂƟŽŶ͕ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶ͕ĂŶĚ
ĚŝƐƉĞůƐ ƚŚĞ ŵǇƚŚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƌŽŵĂŶƟĐŝƐĞĚ ǀŝĞǁ ŽĨ ĐŚŝůĚŚŽŽĚ ďƵƚ ƐŬŝůůƐƚŚĂƚĞŶĂďůĞƵƐƚŽůŝǀĞĐŽŵƉĞƚĞŶƚůǇ͕ƌĞƐƉŽŶƐŝďůǇĂŶĚǁŝƚŚ
ŝŶƐƚĞĂĚ ĚĞƐĐƌŝďĞƐ ĐŚŝůĚŚŽŽĚ ĂƐ ĂƐƐĞŵďůĂŐĞƐ͕ Ă ďƌŝĐŽůĂŐĞ ŽĨ ĐĂƌĞ ŝŶ ŽƵƌ ǁŽƌůĚ͘ dŚĞ ϮϬϭϵ K &ƵƚƵƌĞ ŽĨ ĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ
ĐŽŵŵŽŶǁŽƌůĚŽĐĐƵƌƌĞŶĐĞƐƚŚĂƚĐƌĞĂƚĞĂǀŝďƌĂŶƚĂŶĚǀĂƌŝĞĚ ^ŬŝůůƐϮϬϯϬZĞƉŽƌƚĚĞƐĐƌŝďĞƐĂƐŝŵŝůĂƌƐŬŝůůƐĞƚĞŵƉŚĂƐŝƐŝŶŐƚŚĞ
ǁŚŽůĞ͘ &Žƌ ĞǆĂŵƉůĞ͕ ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ ďĞĐŽŵĞ ĂǁĂƌĞ ŽĨ ůŽĐĂů ĂŶĚ ŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶĐĞ ŽĨ ƐŽĐŝĂů ĂŶĚ ĞŵŽƟŽŶĂů ƐŬŝůůƐ ƐƵĐŚ ĂƐ ĞŵƉĂƚŚǇ͕
ŐůŽďĂů ĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂů ĐĂůĂŵŝƟĞƐ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ĚŝƐĐƵƐƐŝŽŶƐ ĂďŽƵƚ ƉĞƌƐĞǀĞƌĂŶĐĞ͕ĞĸĐĂĐǇ͕ƌĞƐƉŽŶƐŝďŝůŝƚǇ͕ĐƵƌŝŽƐŝƚǇĂŶĚĞŵŽƟŽŶĂů
ƐƵƐƚĂŝŶĂďůĞƉƌĂĐƟĐĞƐĂŶĚůŝƐƚĞŶŝŶŐƚŽĂĚƵůƚĐŽŶǀĞƌƐĂƟŽŶƐĂŶĚ ƐƚĂďŝůŝƚǇ͘
ƚŚĞ ŵĞĚŝĂ͘ dŚĞǇ ĂƌĞ ĂŐŽŐ͕ ƚŚĞǇ ƐĞĞ ƚŚĞ ŝŵĂŐĞƐ͕ ĂŶĚ ǁĞ ĂƐ
teachers and educators need to allay their fears and respond tĞŶĞĞĚƚŚŝŶŬĞƌƐŝŶĞĂƌůǇĐŚŝůĚŚŽŽĚʹĞĸĐŝĞŶƚĂŶĚĞīĞĐƟǀĞ
ĂƉƉƌŽƉƌŝĂƚĞůǇĂŶĚƐĞŶƐŝƟǀĞůǇƚŽƚŚĞŝƌƋƵĞƐƟŽŶƐ͘ ƚŚŝŶŬĞƌƐ ǁŚŽ ĐĂŶ ƚŚŝŶŬ ĐƌŝƟĐĂůůǇ ĂŶĚ ĐƌĞĂƟǀĞůǇ͘ &ŽůůŽǁ ƚŚĞ
ƌƵůĞƐŽĨŐŽŽĚƉƌĂĐƟĐĞďƵƚƐƟůůďĞĂďůĞƚŽƚŚŝŶŬůĂƚĞƌĂůůǇĂŶĚ
'ŝǀĞŶŽƵƌďƌĂǀĞŶĞǁǁŽƌůĚ͕ƚŚĞƋƵĞƐƟŽŶŝƐǁŚĞƚŚĞƌǁĞĂƌĞ ůŽŽŬĂƚĞǀĞƌǇƚŚŝŶŐĨƌŽŵĂŵĂĐƌŽƉĞƌƐƉĞĐƟǀĞʹƚŚĞďŝŐƉŝĐƚƵƌĞ
preparing our early childhood teachers and educators for the ƐƚƵīʹƉĞŽƉůĞǁŚŽǀŝĞǁǁŽƌŬŝŶŐǁŝƚŚĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶĂƐĂƉƌŝǀŝůĞŐĞ
ĐŚĂůůĞŶŐĞƐŽĨƚŚĞƐĞĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚůǇĐŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƚĞĚĐŚŝůĚŚŽŽĚƐ͘ ĂŶĚ ǁŚŽ ŚĂǀĞ ƚŚĞ ĚĞƐŝƌĞ ƚŽ ďƵŝůĚ ĐĂƚŚĞĚƌĂůƐ͕ ƐǇŶĂŐŽŐƵĞƐ͕
ƚĞŵƉůĞƐ͕ŽƌŵŽƐƋƵĞƐƌĂƚŚĞƌƚŚĂŶũƵƐƚƚƵƌŶŝŶŐƵƉĨŽƌǁŽƌŬƚŽ
ůƚŚŽƵŐŚ ƚŚĞƌĞ ŝƐ ŶŽ ĂŐƌĞĞĚͲƵƉŽŶ ĚĞĮŶŝƟŽŶ ĨŽƌ ǁŚĂƚ ďƌĞĂŬ ĂŶĚ ŵŽǀĞ ƌŽĐŬƐ͘ tĞ ŶĞĞĚ ĨƵƚƵƌĞ ƉƌŽĨĞƐƐŝŽŶĂůƐ ǁŚŽ
ĐŽŶƐƟƚƵƚĞƐ Ă ƉƌŽĨĞƐƐŝŽŶĂů ůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚǇ͕ ŝƚ ŝƐ Ă ƚĞƌŵ understand the importance of being present in the moment
ƚŚĂƚŝƐƌĞĐŽŐŶŝƐĞĚĂŶĚƵƐĞĚǁŽƌůĚǁŝĚĞ͚͘ŽŶƐĞŶƐƵƐƐƵŐŐĞƐƚƐ ĂŶĚƐĞĞƚŚĞƉŽƚĞŶƟĂůĨŽƌůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐŝŶĞǀĞƌǇĞŶŐĂŐĞŵĞŶƚǁŝƚŚ
ƚŚĂƚŝƚŝƐĂŐƌŽƵƉŽĨƉĞŽƉůĞƐŚĂƌŝŶŐĂŶĚĐƌŝƟĐĂůůǇŝŶƚĞƌƌŽŐĂƟŶŐ ĂǇŽƵŶŐĐŚŝůĚ͘tŚŽƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚƚŚĂƚƐŝŵƉůǇĞŶŐĂŐŝŶŐĂĐŚŝůĚ͕
ƚŚĞŝƌƉƌĂĐƟĐĞŝŶĂŶŽŶŐŽŝŶŐ͕ƌĞŇĞĐƟǀĞ͕ĐŽůůĂďŽƌĂƟǀĞ͕ŝŶĐůƵƐŝǀĞ͕ ŽĨ ĂŶǇ ĂŐĞ͕ ŝŶ ĐŽŶǀĞƌƐĂƟŽŶ ŚĂƐ ƚŚĞ ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂů ƚŽ ŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞ
ůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐͲŽƌŝĞŶƚĞĚĂŶĚŐƌŽǁƚŚͲƉƌŽŵŽƟŶŐǁĂǇ͕ŽƉĞƌĂƟŶŐĂƐĂ ŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞĂŶĚĞŶŚĂŶĐĞůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ͘
ĐŽůůĞĐƟǀĞĞŶƚĞƌƉƌŝƐĞ͛;dŽŽůĞĂŶĚ>ĞǁŝƐϮϬϬϮͿ͘dŚŝƐĚĞĮŶŝƟŽŶ
ǁŽƌŬƐ ĨŽƌ Ă ůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ ŝŶƐƟƚƵƟŽŶ͕ ĐŽůůĞŐĞ Žƌ ƐĐŚŽŽů ĂŶĚ ĂƉƚůǇ dŚĞ ĂƫƚƵĚĞƐ ĂŶĚ ďĞůŝĞĨƐ ŝĚĞŶƟĮĞĚ ďǇ ŽƐƚĂ ĂŶĚ <ĂůůŝĐŬ
ĚĞƐĐƌŝďĞƐĂŶĞĂƌůǇĐŚŝůĚŚŽŽĚƉƌŽŐƌĂŵ͘ ŝŶ ƚŚĞŝƌ ĨƌĂŵĞǁŽƌŬ ĨŽƌ ƚŚŝŶŬŝŶŐ ʹ ,ĂďŝƚƐ ŽĨ DŝŶĚ ;ϭϵϵϱͿ
ĞŶĐŽƵƌĂŐĞĂŶĚƐƵƐƚĂŝŶĞīĞĐƟǀĞƚŚŝŶŬŝŶŐĂŶĚƉƌŽŵŽƚĞůŝĨĞůŽŶŐ
^Ž͕ ƚŽ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉ Ă ƉƌŽĨĞƐƐŝŽŶĂů ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚǇ ŽĨ ůĞĂƌŶĞƌƐ ĂŶĚ ůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ͘ ŽƐƚĂ͛Ɛ ǁŽƌŬ /ŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶƚ ĞŚĂǀŝŽƌƐ ;ϭϵϴϭͿ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞĚ
ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞ ƚŚĞ ǀĞƌǇ ďĞƐƚ ĞĂƌůǇ ĐŚŝůĚŚŽŽĚ ƉƌŽŐƌĂŵƐ ĨŽƌ ŽƵƌ ƚŚĞĨŽƵŶĚĂƟŽŶĂůǁŽƌŬĨŽƌŶĂŵŝŶŐĂŶĚĚĞƐĐƌŝďŝŶŐƚŚĞŚĂďŝƚƐ
ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͕ ǁŚĂƚ ĂƩƌŝďƵƚĞƐ͕ ĂƫƚƵĚĞƐ ĂŶĚ ƐŬŝůůƐ ĂƌĞ ƌĞƋƵŝƌĞĚ ŽĨ ĞĸĐĂĐŝŽƵƐ ƚŚŝŶŬĞƌƐ͘ ŶĚ ŚĞƌĞ ǁĞ ĂƌĞ ƐŽŵĞ ƚŚŝƌƚǇ ǇĞĂƌƐ
by our future professionals to ensure the early childhood ůĂƚĞƌ͕ĂŶĚƚŚĞƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĂŶĚĂƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶŝŶƉƌĂĐƟĐĞĐŽŶƟŶƵĞ͘
ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚǇŇŽƵƌŝƐŚĞƐ͍ ĐĐŽƌĚŝŶŐ ƚŽ ŽƐƚĂ͕ ͚,ĂďŝƚƐ ŽĨ DŝŶĚ͛ ĂƌĞ ƚŚĞ ĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌŝƐƟĐƐ
ŽĨǁŚĂƚŝŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶƚƉĞŽƉůĞĚŽǁŚĞŶƚŚĞǇĂƌĞĐŽŶĨƌŽŶƚĞĚǁŝƚŚ
ƉƌŽďůĞŵƐ͕ƚŚĞƌĞƐŽůƵƟŽŶƐŽĨǁŚŝĐŚĂƌĞŶŽƚĂůǁĂǇƐĂƉƉĂƌĞŶƚ͘
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DŽƌĞƌĞĐĞŶƚůǇ͕ŝŶ&ƌŽŵdĞĂĐŚŝŶŐƚŽdŚŝŶŬŝŶŐ͗WĞĚĂŐŽŐǇĨŽƌ ,ŽǁŵŝŐŚƚǇŽƵĞŶĐŽƵĂŐĞƚŚĞƐĞǁĂǇƐŽĨƚŚŝŶŬŝŶŐʹƚŚĞƐĞ
ZĞŝŵĂŐŝŶŝŶŐ KƵƌ tŽƌŬ ;ϮϬϭϵͿ͕ ŶŶ WĞůůŽ ĂŶĚ DĂƌŐŝĞ ĂƌƚĞƌ ŚĂďŝƚƐŽĨŵŝŶĚŝŶǇŽƵƌůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚǇ͍
ĚŝƐĐƵƐƐ ƚŚĞ ƐŬŝůůƐ͕ ĚŝƐƉŽƐŝƟŽŶƐ͕ ĂŶĚ ƉƌĂĐƟĐĞƐ ƚŚĂƚ ŚĞůƉ ƵƐ
ŐƌŽǁ Ă ĐƵůƚƵƌĞ ŽĨ ŝŶƋƵŝƌǇ ŝŶ ŽƵƌ ĐůĂƐƐƌŽŽŵƐ͘ dŚĞŝƌ ƚŚŝŶŬŝŶŐ
ĂůŝŐŶƐ ǁŝƚŚ ŽƐƚĂ ĂŶĚ <ĂůůŝĐŬ ĂƐ ƚŚĞ ,ĂďŝƚƐ ŽĨ DŝŶĚ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞ We need future professionals who
ĂĨƌĂŵĞǁŽƌŬĨŽƌŐŽĂůƐĞƫŶŐ͕ĐŽůůĂďŽƌĂƟŽŶ͕ĂƵƚŚĞŶƟĐŝŶƋƵŝƌǇ
understand the importance of being
ĂŶĚƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶ͘
present in the moment and see
dŚĞŽƐƚĂĂŶĚ<ĂůůŝĐŬ,ĂďŝƚƐŽĨDŝŶĚĂƌĞ͗ the potential for learning in every
dŚŝŶŬŝŶŐĂďŽƵƚƚŚŝŶŬŝŶŐ;ŵĞƚĂĐŽŐŶŝƟŽŶͿ engagement with a young child.
WĞƌƐŝƐƟŶŐ
DĂŶĂŐŝŶŐŝŵƉƵůƐŝǀŝƚǇ
>ŝƐƚĞŶŝŶŐĂŶĚƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐǁŝƚŚĞŵƉĂƚŚǇ
dŚŝŶŬŝŶŐŇĞǆŝďůǇ ŶĚĂƐůŵĂ&ůĞĞƚŽŌĞŶƌĞŵŝŶĚƐƵƐ͙
YƵĞƐƟŽŶŝŶŐĂŶĚƉŽƐŝŶŐƉƌŽďůĞŵƐ ’For heaven’s sake – think people think!

dŚŝŶŬŝŶŐŝŶĚĞƉĞŶĚĞŶƚůǇ
'ŽƚŽ͗
^ƚƌŝǀŝŶŐĨŽƌĂĐĐƵƌĂĐǇ
ǁǁǁ͘ŚĂďŝƚƐŽĨŵŝŶĚŝŶƐƟƚƵƚĞ͘ŽƌŐͬůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐͲƚŚĞͲŚĂďŝƚƐͬ
dŚŝŶŬŝŶŐĂŶĚĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŶŐǁŝƚŚĐůĂƌŝƚǇĂŶĚƉƌĞĐŝƐŝŽŶ
ƉƉůǇŝŶŐƉĂƐƚŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞƚŽŶĞǁƐŝƚƵĂƟŽŶƐ REFERENCES
ZŽďŝŶƐŽŶ͕ƌ<͕͘ŝĂǌ:ŽŶĞƐ͕͘;ϮϬϭϳͿŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇĂŶĚŝīĞƌĞŶĐĞŝŶŚŝůĚŚŽŽĚ
Gathering data through all of the senses ϮŶĚĞĚŝƟŽŶ͘KƉĞŶhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇWƌĞƐƐ
ƌĞĂƟŶŐ͕ŝŵĂŐŝŶŝŶŐĂŶĚŝŶŶŽǀĂƟŶŐ dĂǇůŽƌ͕͘;ϮϬϭϯͿZĞĐŽŶĮŐƵƌŝŶŐƚŚĞŶĂƚƵƌĞƐŽĨĐŚŝůĚŚŽŽĚ͘>ŽŶĚŽŶh<͘
ZŽƵƚůĞĚŐĞ
dĂŬŝŶŐƌĞƐƉŽŶƐŝďůĞƌŝƐŬƐ
Finding humour WĞůůŽ͕͕͘ĂƌƚĞƌ͕D͘;ϮϬϭϵͿ͘&ƌŽŵdĞĂĐŚŝŶŐƚŽdŚŝŶŬŝŶŐ͗WĞĚĂŐŽŐǇĨŽƌ
ZĞŝŵĂŐŝŶŝŶŐKƵƌtŽƌŬ
ZĞƐƉŽŶĚŝŶŐǁŝƚŚǁŽŶĚĞƌŵĞŶƚĂŶĚĂǁĞ
hůŵĞƌ͕D͘;ϮϬϮϰͿZĞƚƌŝĞǀĞĚĨƌŽŵ͗
ZĞŵĂŝŶŝŶŐŽƉĞŶƚŽĐŽŶƟŶƵŽƵƐůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ ŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘ƚĞŶŶĞƐƐĞĂŶ͘ĐŽŵͬƐƚŽƌǇͬůŝĨĞͬĨĂŵŝůǇͬϮϬϭϰͬϭϬͬϮϴͬŚĂďŝƚƐͲŵŝŶĚͲ
ƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐͲƐƵĐĐĞĞĚͬϭϳϴϱϲϰϳϯͬ
dŚĞƌĞŝƐĂŐƌŽǁŝŶŐĂǁĂƌĞŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶĐĞŽĨĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ
ĂŶĚĂĚƵůƚƐĚĞǀĞůŽƉŝŶŐƚŚĞƐĞĂƫƚƵĚĞƐĂŶĚǁĂǇƐŽĨƚŚŝŶŬŝŶŐ͘
/ƚŝƐ ƌĞĐŽŐŶŝƐĞĚ ƚŚĂƚĐĞƌƚĂŝŶ ĂƫƚƵĚĞƐ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ ƚŚŝŶŬŝŶŐ ŝŶ Ăůů
This framework for thinking is as
ĚŝƐĐŝƉůŝŶĞƐ ĂŶĚ ƚƌĂŶƐĐĞŶĚ Ăůů ƚƌĂĚŝƟŽŶĂů ƐƵďũĞĐƚ ĂƌĞĂƐ͘ /ƚ ŝƐ
ĂůƐŽ ƌĞĐŽŐŶŝƐĞĚ ƚŚĂƚ ƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐ ǁŚŽ ŐƌĂĚƵĂƚĞ ĂŌĞƌ ŚĂǀŝŶŐ HVVHQWLDOQRZDVZKHQLWZDVƪUVW
ĚĞǀĞůŽƉĞĚ ŚĂďŝƚƐ ŽĨ ŵŝŶĚ ĂƌĞ ŵŽƌĞ ůŝŬĞůǇ ƚŽ ďĞ ƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵů introduced over 30 years ago. When
ĐŝƟǌĞŶƐĂŶĚǁŽƌŬĞƌƐ͘;hůŵĞƌϮϬϭϰͿ we commit to growing the habits both
individually and as a community, we
dŚĞ ĞĂƌůǇ ĐŚŝůĚŚŽŽĚ ƐĞĐƚŽƌ ƌĞƋƵŝƌĞƐ Ă ŚŝŐŚůǇ ƐŬŝůůĞĚ
become more thoughtful, responsive,
ƉƌŽĨĞƐƐŝŽŶĂů ǁŽƌŬĨŽƌĐĞ ʹ ƚŚŝƐ ŶĞĐĞƐƐŝƚĂƚĞƐ ĂƉƉƌŽƉƌŝĂƚĞ
ƋƵĂůŝĮĐĂƟŽŶƐĂŶĚƐŽƵŶĚƉĞĚĂŐŽŐŝĐĂůŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞ͘ǁŽƌŬĨŽƌĐĞ and innovative. Over the years, during
ŽĨŝŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶƚŝŶĚŝǀŝĚƵĂůƐǁŚŽĂƌĞŝŶŇƵĞŶƟĂůĂŶĚĂŐŝůĞƚŚŝŶŬĞƌƐ͕ PDQ\VRFLDOSROLWLFDOVFLHQWLƪFDQG
ĞǆĐĞůůĞŶƚ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƚŽƌƐ ĂŶĚ ĐŽůůĂďŽƌĂƚŽƌƐ͕ ĐĂŶ ůĞĂĚ͕ ǁŽƌŬ economic changes, the 16 Habits of
ĂŶĚŵŽǀĞǁŝƚŚĐŚĂŶŐĞ͕ƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚƚŚĞŶĞĞĚƐŽĨŽƚŚĞƌƐĂŶĚ
Mind still stand, and their application in
ďĞĂĚǀŽĐĂƚĞƐĂŶĚĂĐƟǀŝƐƚƐĨŽƌĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͙ĂŶĚƉƌĞƐĞŶƚǁŝƚŚƚŚĞ
ĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌŝƐƟĐƐ͕ďĞůŝĞĨƐĂŶĚĂƩƌŝďƵƚĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĮĞĚďǇŽƐƚĂĂŶĚ
practice has grown our thinking.
<ĂůůŝĐŬŝŶƚŚĞϭϲ,ĂďŝƚƐŽĨDŝŶĚ͘ +DELWVRIPLQGLQVWLWXWH
58
ABC KIDS EARLY EDUCATION RESOURCE LAUNCH

Unpacking the Bluey phenomenon in early education
LAURA STONE
PRODUCER AND PROJECT LEAD AT ABC KIDS EARLY EDUCATION
^ŝŶĐĞ ŝƚ ĮƌƐƚ Śŝƚ ƚŚĞ ƐŵĂůů ƐĐƌĞĞŶ ŝŶ ϮϬϭϴ͕ ƚŚĞ ůƵĞǇ >hzEd,/E^W/Z/E'z>K&W>z
ƉŚĞŶŽŵĞŶŽŶŚĂƐƚŽƵĐŚĞĚƵƐĂůůŝŶĞŝƚŚĞƌƐŵĂůůŽƌďŝŐǁĂǇƐ͘
WĞƌŚĂƉƐ ŝƚ ŚĂƐ ƐůŽǁůǇ ĐƌĞƉƚ ŝŶƚŽ ǇŽƵƌ ĐŽŶƐĐŝŽƵƐŶĞƐƐ ďǇ ǁĂǇ dŚĞ ƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐ ƉƌŽŵŽƚĞ ĂƵƚŚĞŶƟĐ ĂŶĚ ĐƌĞĂƟǀĞ ĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚĞƐ
ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ďƌĂŶĚŝŶŐ ŽŶ ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͛Ɛ ďĂĐŬƉĂĐŬƐ Žƌ ĐůŽƚŚŝŶŐ͖ ŵĂǇďĞ ƚŽĞĂƌůǇĐŚŝůĚŚŽŽĚƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐĂŶĚƉƌĂĐƟĐĞŝŶŽƵƌĚŝŐŝƚĂůĂŐĞʹ
ǇŽƵ͛ǀĞ ŶŽƟĐĞĚ ƚŚĞ ƐŚŽǁ͛Ɛ ĚŝƐƟŶĐƟǀĞ ƚƵƌŶ ŽĨ ƉŚƌĂƐĞ ŚĂƐ ǁŚŝůĞĐĞůĞďƌĂƟŶŐƚŚĞũŽǇĨƵůƌŝƉƉůĞĞīĞĐƚŽĨ͚ƚŚĞďŝŐŐĞƐƚůŝƩůĞ
ƉĞƌŵĞĂƚĞĚĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͛ƐƐƉĞĞĐŚ͚for real life!’; or perhaps you’re ƐŚŽǁ ŽŶ ĞĂƌƚŚ͛ ŝŶ ĞĂƌůǇ ĐŚŝůĚŚŽŽĚ ůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ƉůĂǇ͘
ĂƉƌŽƵĚĂĚƵůƚĞŶƚŚƵƐŝĂƐƚǁŚŽƚĂŬĞƐĚĞůŝŐŚƚŝŶƐĐƌŽůůŝŶŐƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞ Ă ƐƉƌŝŶŐďŽĂƌĚ ĨƌŽŵ ǁŚŝĐŚ ƚŽ ĞǆƉůŽƌĞ ƚŚĞ
ůƵĞǇĨĂŶƚŚĞŽƌŝĞƐŽŶƐŽĐŝĂůŵĞĚŝĂ͊ ƌŝĐŚŶĞƐƐ ŽĨ ůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ŵƵůƟŵŽĚĂů ƉůĂǇ͘ WĂĐŬĞĚ ǁŝƚŚ
ŽƉĞŶͲĞŶĚĞĚ ƉƌŽǀŽĐĂƟŽŶƐ ĞŵĞƌŐŝŶŐ ĨƌŽŵ ĞĂĐŚ ĞƉŝƐŽĚĞ͕ ƚŚŝƐ
ůƵĞǇ͛Ɛ ĂĚƵůƚ ĨĂŶ ďĂƐĞ ŝƐ ũƵƐƚ ĂƐ ƉĂƐƐŝŽŶĂƚĞ ĂƐ ŽƵƌ ƉƌĞͲ ƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞ ƌĞƐƉŽŶĚƐ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ƉĞĚĂŐŽŐŝĐĂů ƉƌŝŽƌŝƟĞƐ ŽĨ ƚĞĂĐŚĞƌƐ
ƐĐŚŽŽůĞƌƐ͘/ƚŚĂƐďĞĐŽŵĞĂĐŽͲǀŝĞǁŝŶŐĚƌĞĂŵ͕ĐůŽĐŬŝŶŐƵƉŽǀĞƌ ĂŶĚ ĞĚƵĐĂƚŽƌƐ ǁŽƌŬŝŶŐ ŝŶ ďŽƚŚ ƉƌŝŽƌ ƚŽ ƐĐŚŽŽů ĂŶĚ ĞĂƌůǇ
ϭϬϬŵŝůůŝŽŶǀŝĞǁƐƐŝŶĐĞĮƌƐƚůĂƵŶĐŚĞĚ͘hŶŝǀĞƌƐĂůĂƉƉƌĞĐŝĂƟŽŶ ƉƌŝŵĂƌǇƐĐŚŽŽůƐĞƫŶŐƐ͘
ĂŶĚ ƐƵƐƚĂŝŶĞĚ ƐŚĂƌĞĚ ĞŶŐĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ ŝƐ Ă ͚ƵŶŝĐŽƌŶ͛ ƚƌĂŝƚ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ
ĨĂƐƚͲƉĂĐĞĚǁŽƌůĚŽĨŐůŽďĂůĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͛ƐŵĞĚŝĂ͕ďƵƚƐŽŵĞŚŽǁƚŚŝƐ Bluey embraces the early childhood ethos of play as the
ƐĞǀĞŶͲŵŝŶƵƚĞ ĂŶŝŵĂƟŽŶ ĂďŽƵƚ Ă ƋƵŝŶƚĞƐƐĞŶƟĂůůǇ ƵƐƚƌĂůŝĂŶ ďĞƐƚ ŵĞĂŶƐ ĨŽƌ ůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ĚŝƐĐŽǀĞƌǇ͕ ĐƌĞĂƟǀŝƚǇ͕ ĂŶĚ
ĨĂŵŝůǇ ŽĨ ůƵĞ ,ĞĞůĞƌƐ ƵŶŝƚĞƐ ǀŝĞǁĞƌƐ ǇŽƵŶŐ ĂŶĚ ŽůĚ ʹ ďŽƚŚ ŝŵĂŐŝŶĂƟŽŶ͘ Ɛ ǁĞ ŬŶŽǁ͕ ƉůĂǇͲďĂƐĞĚ ůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ ŝƐ ǀŝƚĂů ŝŶ ƚŚĞ
ŚĞƌĞ ŝŶ ƵƐƚƌĂůŝĂ ĂŶĚ ĂƌŽƵŶĚ ƚŚĞ ǁŽƌůĚ͘ /ƚ ŝƐ ŝŶĚĞĞĚ ƚŚĞ ĞĂƌůǇǇĞĂƌƐĨŽƌĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶƚŽĞŶŐĂŐĞŝŶƌĞĂůͲůŝĨĞĂŶĚĂŶŝŵĂŐŝŶĂƌǇ
ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͛ƐƉŽƉĐƵůƚƵƌĞƉŚĞŶŽŵĞŶŽŶŽĨŽƵƌƟŵĞƐ͘ ǁŽƌůĚƚŚĂƚ͗
ŶĐŽƵƌĂŐĞƐĐƌĞĂƟǀŝƚǇĂŶĚƉŚǇƐŝĐĂůĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ
dŚŝƐďĞŐƐƚŚĞƋƵĞƐƟŽŶ͕ǁŚĂƚĐĂŶĞĂƌůǇĐŚŝůĚŚŽŽĚƚĞĂĐŚĞƌƐĂŶĚ &ŽƐƚĞƌƐĚŝǀĞƌŐĞŶƚĂŶĚĐƌŝƟĐĂůƚŚŝŶŬŝŶŐƐŬŝůůƐ
ĞĚƵĐĂƚŽƌƐĚŽǁŝƚŚŝƚ͍zŽƵĐĂŶƌĞŇĞĐƚŽŶƚŚŝƐƋƵĞƐƟŽŶǁŚŝůƐƚ WƌŽŵŽƚĞƐůĂŶŐƵĂŐĞ͕ůŝƚĞƌĂĐǇĂŶĚĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶ
ĞǆƉůŽƌŝŶŐĂŶŽŶůŝŶĞƚƌĞĂƐƵƌĞƚƌŽǀĞŽĨďƌŝŐŚƚŝĚĞĂƐŝŶƚŚĞĂůůͲ ƵŝůĚƐŶƵŵĞƌĂĐǇĂŶĚƐĐŝĞŶƟĮĐƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐƐ
ŶĞǁůƵĞǇ^ĞƌŝĞƐϯĂƌůǇĚƵĐĂƟŽŶdŽŽů<ŝƚ͕ŶŽǁůŝǀĞŽŶƚŚĞ
EƵƌƚƵƌĞƐ ƐŽĐŝĂůͲĞŵŽƟŽŶĂů ǁĞůůͲďĞŝŶŐ͕ ƐĞůĨͲŝĚĞŶƟƚǇ ĂŶĚ
<ŝĚƐĂƌůǇĚƵĐĂƟŽŶǁĞďƐŝƚĞ͗
resilience
ǁǁǁ͘ĂďĐ͘ŶĞƚ͘ĂƵͬĂďĐŬŝĚƐͬĞĂƌůǇͲĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶͬďůƵĞǇͲĞĂƌůǇͲ
ĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶͲƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐ
/d͕K>>KZd͕Zd
<ŝĚƐĂƌůǇĚƵĐĂƟŽŶƚĞĂŵĞĚƵƉǁŝƚŚƉƌŽĚƵĐƟŽŶƉĂƌƚŶĞƌ
WƌŽũĞĐƚ^ǇŶƚŚĞƐŝƐĂůŽŶŐǁŝƚŚĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĂŶĚ^ƚƵĚŝŽƐ
ƚŽ ďƌŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ĞĂƌůǇ ĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ ƐĞĐƚŽƌ ƚŚŝƐ ĨƌĞĞ ƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞ
ĚĞǀĞůŽƉĞĚ ďǇ ĞĚƵĐĂƚŽƌƐ͕ ĨŽƌ ĞĚƵĐĂƚŽƌƐ͘ dŚĞ ƚĞĂŵ ŝŶĐůƵĚĞĚ
Ϯϱ ƚĞĂĐŚĞƌƐ ĂŶĚ ĞĚƵĐĂƚŽƌƐ ǁŽƌŬŝŶŐ ĂĐƌŽƐƐ ϴ ĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚ ĞĂƌůǇ
ůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐƐĞƫŶŐƐŝŶƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞŝĚĞĂƟŽŶĂŶĚůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐĞǆƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ
ƚƌŝĂůůŝŶŐ ƚŽ ĞŶƐƵƌĞ ƚŚŝƐ ŝƐ Ă ƉƌĂĐƟĐĞ ĚƌŝǀĞŶ͕ ƉĞĚĂŐŽŐŝĐĂůůǇ
ƐŽƵŶĚĚŝŐŝƚĂůƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞĨŽƌƚŚĞĞĂƌůǇǇĞĂƌƐƐĞĐƚŽƌʹŝŶƉƌŝŽƌƚŽ
ƐĐŚŽŽů͕ĂŶĚĞĂƌůǇƉƌŝŵĂƌǇƐĐŚŽŽůƐĞƫŶŐƐ͘/ŶĂĚĚŝƟŽŶ͕ƌ<ĂƚĞ
,ŝŐŚĮĞůĚ ;ĞƉƵƚǇ ,ĞĂĚ ŽĨ ^ĐŚŽŽů Ăƚ ƚŚĞ ƵƐƚƌĂůŝĂŶ ĂƚŚŽůŝĐ
hŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇͿĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƚĞĚĂŶĂĚĚŝƟŽŶĂůůĂǇĞƌŽĨĞĂƌůǇĐŚŝůĚŚŽŽĚ
ĐƵƌƌŝĐƵůƵŵƌŝŐŽƌƚŚƌŽƵŐŚŽƵƚƉƌŽĚƵĐƟŽŶ͘
59
‘Working with practicing educators and teachers is fundamental to our approach when producing quality
educational resources. It means we are delivering resources that have been designed and tested in learning
environments. These are not just ideas or brainstorms, but activities and guidance that come directly from
people who spend every day with children and supporting their learning. Participatory approaches to
resource development will always provide richer and more relevant content’
- Daniel Donahoo, Producer, Project Synthesis.
t,d͛^/Ed,>hz^Z/^ϯZ>z WZd/^dKZ/^
hd/KEdKK></d͍ ŝƐĐŽǀĞƌ ĐƌĞĂƟǀĞ ĂŶĚ ƉůĂǇĨƵů ǁĂǇƐ ƚŚĂƚ ůƵĞǇ ^ĞƌŝĞƐ ϯ ŚĂƐ
ďĞĞŶ ŝŶĐŽƌƉŽƌĂƚĞĚ ŝŶƚŽ ƌĞƐƉŽŶƐŝǀĞ ĞĂƌůǇ ĐŚŝůĚŚŽŽĚ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ
Yh/<Z^ ĂŶĚ ƉƌĂĐƟĐĞ͘ WƌĂĐƟĐĞ ^ƚŽƌŝĞƐ ŽīĞƌ ƌĞĂůͲůŝĨĞ ŝŶƐƉŝƌĂƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ
ĂƚĞŐŽƌŝƐĞĚ ĂĐĐŽƌĚŝŶŐ ƚŽ ƚŚŝƐ dŽŽů <ŝƚ͛Ɛ ŶŝŶĞ ǀĞŶƵĞƐ ŽĨ ŝŶƐŝŐŚƚƐĨƌŽŵƵƐƚƌĂůŝĂŶ ƉƌŝŵĂƌǇƐĐŚŽŽů ĂŶĚ ĞĂƌůǇĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ
/ŶƚĞƌĞƐƚ͕ YƵŝĐŬ ĂƌĚƐ ŚĞůƉ ƚŽ ƐƚƌĞĂŵůŝŶĞ ƚŚĞ ŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ ĂŶĚĐĂƌĞƐĞƫŶŐƐ͘ZĞĂĚ͕ƌĞŇĞĐƚ͕ƚŚĞŶĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌŚŽǁǇŽƵŵŝŐŚƚ
ůƵĞǇ^ĞƌŝĞƐϯŝŶĞĂƌůǇůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ͘ĂĐŚĐĂƌĚŝŶĐůƵĚĞƐĂĐŽůůĞĐƟŽŶ ŝŶĐůƵĚĞůƵĞǇŝŶǇŽƵƌĐůĂƐƐƌŽŽŵƐƚŽŽ͊
ŽĨ ƐƚƌĞƚĐŚĂďůĞ ĨŽůůŽǁͲƵƉ ŝĚĞĂƐ Ͳ ƉƌŽǀŽĐĂƟŽŶƐ ĨŽƌ ĞĚƵĐĂƚŽƌƐ
and teachers to adapt and integrate across the curriculum s/K^dKZ/^
ĂŶĚƚĂŝůŽƌƚŽĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͛ƐŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƚ͘ ĂƉƚƵƌŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ǀĂůƵĞ ŽĨ ůƵĞǇ ĂƐ Ă ƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞ ŝŶ ĞĂƌůǇ ůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ
ĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚƐ͕͛sŝĚĞŽ^ƚŽƌŝĞƐ͛ĂŵƉůŝĨǇƚŚĞǀŽŝĐĞƐĂŶĚĞǆƉĞƌƟƐĞ
ŽĨ ƚĞĂĐŚĞƌƐ ǁŽƌŬŝŶŐ ǁŝƚŚ ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ ĂŶĚ ĨĂŵŝůŝĞƐ ĞǀĞƌǇ ĚĂǇ͘
ĂĐŚ ĞƉŝƐŽĚĞ ŽīĞƌƐ Ă ďŝƚĞͲƐŝǌĞĚ ƉƌŽĨĞƐƐŝŽŶĂů ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ
ŽƉƉŽƌƚƵŶŝƚǇ ĨŽƌ ĞĂƌůǇ ĐŚŝůĚŚŽŽĚ ƉƌĂĐƟƟŽŶĞƌƐ ĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌŝŶŐ
ǁĂǇƐƚŽƵƐĞƚŚŝƐdŽŽůŬŝƚ͘
KEEdE^,Z
dĞĂĐŚĞƌƐĂŶĚĞĚƵĐĂƚŽƌƐĂƌĞŝŶǀŝƚĞĚƚŽĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚŽŶŶĞĐƚĂŶĚ
^ŚĂƌĞ ĂƐƐĞƚƐ ĨŽƌ ƐŽĐŝĂů ŵĞĚŝĂ ƉŽƐƚƐ͕ ĞŵĂŝůƐ͕ ŶĞǁƐůĞƩĞƌƐ Žƌ
ŶŽƟĐĞďŽĂƌĚƐ͘ĂĐŚĐĂƌŽƵƐĞůŚŝŐŚůŝŐŚƚƐĂĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚ͚ǀĞŶƵĞKĨ
/ŶƚĞƌĞƐƚ͛ŝŶƚŚĞůƵĞǇĂƌůǇĚƵĐĂƟŽŶdŽŽů<ŝƚ͘
:ƵƐƚĂƐĂŶĚŝƚĞŵďŽĚŝĞƐ͚ĂĚ'ŽĂůƐ͛ŝŶůƵĞǇ͕ĂůǇƉƐŽĚŽĞƐƚŚĞƐĂŵĞĨŽƌĞĂƌůǇĐŚŝůĚŚŽŽĚƚĞĂĐŚŝŶŐĂƚƚŚĞŐůŽƌŝŽƵƐ'ůĂƐƐŚŽƵƐĞWƌŝŵĂƌǇ^ĐŚŽŽů͘;/ŵĂŐĞ͗>ƵĚŽ^ƚƵĚŝŽͿ
60
dŚĞƚĞĂŵĂƚ<ŝĚƐĂƌůǇĚƵĐĂƟŽŶůŽŽŬĨŽƌǁĂƌĚƚŽƌĞĐĞŝǀŝŶŐĨĞĞĚďĂĐŬĂďŽƵƚƚŚĞůƵĞǇdŽŽů<ŝƚĂŶĚĞŶŐĂŐŝŶŐĚŝƌĞĐƚůǇǁŝƚŚƚŚĞ
^ĞĐƚŽƌŝŶKĐƚŽďĞƌĂƚƚŚĞĂŶŶƵĂůĂƌůǇŚŝůĚŚŽŽĚƵƐƚƌĂůŝĂŽŶĨĞƌĞŶĐĞŝŶĚĞůĂŝĚĞ͘KƵƌƉƌŽĚƵĐĞƌƐǁŝůůůĞĂĚĂƐĞƐƐŝŽŶĂďŽƵƚƚŚĞ
ĐƌĞĂƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞŵĂƚĞƌŝĂůƐĂŶĚĂƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶƐĨŽƌƚĞĂĐŚĞƌƐĂŶĚĞĚƵĐĂƚŽƌƐŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƚĞĚŝŶĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚŝŶŐŵĞĂŶŝŶŐĨƵůƉůĂǇĂŶĚůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ
ƉĂƚŚǁĂǇƐĨŽƌƋƵĂůŝƚǇĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͛ƐŵĞĚŝĂŝŶĐŽŶƚĞŵƉŽƌĂƌǇĞĂƌůǇĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ͘
/ŶĐŽůůĂďŽƌĂƟŽŶ
Revitalise your space
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A PEDAGOGY FOR OUR TIME

MARK POWELL
DIRECTOR OF EDUCATION SERVICES – MONTESSORI AUSTRALIA
Ɛ ĂƌƟĮĐŝĂů ŝŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶĐĞ ĐŽŵĞƐ ŽĨ ĂŐĞ͕ ƌĞƉĞƟƟǀĞ ĂŶĚ ŵŝŶĚͲ ůĂƐƐƌŽŽŵĞĚƵĐĂƚŽƌƐƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚƚŚĂƚƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉƐĂƌĞǁŚĞƌĞ
ŶƵŵďŝŶŐũŽďƐŽŶĂƐƐĞŵďůǇůŝŶĞƐĂŶĚŝŶŽĸĐĞƐĂƌĞŝŶĐƌĞĂƐŝŶŐůǇ ƚŚĞƌƵďďĞƌŵĞĞƚƐƚŚĞƌŽĂĚ͘ƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂĸŶŝƚǇǁŝƚŚǇŽƵŶŐŚƵŵĂŶƐ
ďĞŝŶŐĂƵƚŽŵĂƚĞĚďĞĐĂƵƐĞ/ͲƉŽǁĞƌĞĚƌŽďŽƚƐĚŽƚŚĞƐĞƚĂƐŬƐ ŝƐǁŚĞƌĞƉĞŽƉůĞŚĂǀĞƚŚĞĞĚŐĞŽǀĞƌƌŽďŽƚƐ͕ĂƚůĞĂƐƚĨŽƌŶŽǁ͘
ďĞƩĞƌ ƚŚĂŶ ƉĞŽƉůĞ͙ǁŝƚŚŽƵƚ ŶĞĞĚŝŶŐ ǁĞĞŬĞŶĚƐ͕ ďĞŶĞĮƚƐ ŽŶŶĞĐƟŽŶ͕ĐŽůůĂďŽƌĂƟŽŶĂŶĚƚŚĞƚƌƵƐƚƚŚĂƚĂůůŽǁƐĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ
Žƌ ƟŵĞ Žī ƚŽ ĐĂƌĞ ĨŽƌ ƐŝĐŬ ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͊ tŚĞƚŚĞƌ ƚŚŝƐ ůĂƚĞƐƚ ƚŽ ďĞĐŽŵĞ ĐŽͲĐƌĞĂƚŽƌƐ ŝŶ ƚŚĞŝƌ ůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ ĂƌĞ ŬĞǇƐ ƚŽ ƐƚƵĚĞŶƚ
ƚĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐŝĐĂů ƌĞǀŽůƵƟŽŶ ǁŝůů ůĞĂĚ ƚŽ ŵĂƐƐ ƵŶĞŵƉůŽǇŵĞŶƚ ŝƐ ĞŶŐĂŐĞŵĞŶƚĂŶĚǁĞůůďĞŝŶŐ͘dŚĞƐĞĂƌĞƚŚĞĞůĞŵĞŶƚƐƚŚĂƚŐŝǀĞ
ƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶ͕ďƵƚŝƚǁŝůůƵŶĚŽƵďƚĞĚůǇĐŚĂŶŐĞƚŚĞŶĂƚƵƌĞŽĨǁŽƌŬ͙ ůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐŵĞĂŶŝŶŐƚŽǇŽƵŶŐƉĞŽƉůĞ͘dŚĞƋƵĂůŝƚǇŽĨĐůĂƐƐƌŽŽŵ
ĂŶĚĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ͘,ŽǁĐĂŶǁĞĚĞƐŝŐŶůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚƐƚŽ ƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉƐ ŝƐ ƉŽǁĞƌĨƵůůǇ ĚĞƚĞƌŵŝŶĞĚ ďǇ ĐůĂƐƐƌŽŽŵ ĚĞƐŝŐŶ
ƉƌĞƉĂƌĞĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶĨŽƌĂǁŽƌŬĨŽƌĐĞǁŚŽƐĞŽƵƚůŝŶĞƐĂƌĞƐŚŝŌŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ ŝŵƉůŝĐŝƚ ĂƐƐƵŵƉƟŽŶƐ ĂďŽƵƚ ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͕ ůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ͕ ĂŶĚ
ďĞĨŽƌĞŽƵƌĞǇĞƐ͍ ƚŚĞƉƵƌƉŽƐĞŽĨĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶƚŚĂƚŐĞŶĞƌĂƚĞŝƚƐďůƵĞƉƌŝŶƚ͘
DŽĚĞƌŶǁŽƌŬƉůĂĐĞƐŶŽůŽŶŐĞƌƉƵƚĂŚŝŐŚǀĂůƵĞŽŶŽďĞĚŝĞŶĐĞ͕ dŚĞƐŽůĂƌƐǇƐƚĞŵŐƌĂƉŚŝĐ͕ďĞůŽǁ͕ŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞƐĂůĞĂƌŶĞƌͲĐĞŶƚƌĞĚ
ƌĞƉĞƟƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ŵĞŵŽƌŝƐĂƟŽŶ͕ Žƌ ĞǀĞŶ ŐŽŽĚ ŐƌĂĚĞƐ͘ /ŶƐƚĞĂĚ͕ ĐůĂƐƐƌŽŽŵĚĞƐŝŐŶĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌĞĚƚŽĂĐƟǀĂƚĞƌĞĂůĐŚŽŝĐĞ͕ƉĞƌƐŽŶĂů
ƚŚĞƐĞĂƌĞƉůĂĐĞƐǁŚĞƌĞŵŝƐƚĂŬĞƐĂƌĞĞŶĐŽƵƌĂŐĞĚĂƐůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ ĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŽŶ͕ ĂŶĚ ĐŽůůĂďŽƌĂƟǀĞ ůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ͘ /ƚƐ ĐĞŶƚƌĂů ĨĞĂƚƵƌĞ
ŽƉƉŽƌƚƵŶŝƟĞƐ ĂŶĚ Ă ƉƌĞŵŝƵŵ ŝƐ ƉůĂĐĞĚ ŽŶ ƚŚĞ ĐƌĞĂƟǀĞ ƵƐĞ ŝƐ ƚŚĞ ƚŚƌĞĞͲǇĞĂƌ ŐƌŽƵƉŝŶŐ͕ ǁŚŝĐŚ ĞŶĞƌŐŝƐĞƐ ƚŚĞ ĐůĂƐƐƌŽŽŵ
ŽĨ ŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶ ŐůĞĂŶĞĚ ĨƌŽŵ ǀĂƌŝŽƵƐ ƐŽƵƌĐĞƐ͕ ĂƐ ǁĞůů ĂƐ ƐǇƐƚĞŵůŝŬĞƚŚĞ^ƵŶĞŶĞƌŐŝƐĞƐŽƵƌƐŽůĂƌƐǇƐƚĞŵ͘/ƚŐŽĞƐŵƵĐŚ
ŽŶ ĐŽůůĂďŽƌĂƟŽŶ ĂƐ Ă ǁĂǇ ĨŽƌ ĞŵƉůŽǇĞĞƐ ƚŽ ƵƉͲƐŬŝůů ŽŶĞ ĨƵƌƚŚĞƌ ƚŚĂŶ ĐŽŵƉŽƐŝƚĞ ĐůĂƐƐƌŽŽŵƐ ;ƐŝŶŐůĞͲǇĞĂƌ ĐůĂƐƐƌŽŽŵƐ
ĂŶŽƚŚĞƌ͘ dǁĞŶƚǇͲĮƌƐƚͲĐĞŶƚƵƌǇ ĞŵƉůŽǇĞĞƐ ĂƌĞ ŐŝǀĞŶ ĨƌĞĞĚŽŵ ŵĞƌŐĞĚͿďǇŐƌŽƵƉŝŶŐůĞĂƌŶĞƌƐŝŶĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚĂůƐƚĂŐĞƐƌĂƚŚĞƌ
ǁŝƚŚŝŶ ůŝŵŝƚƐ ĂŶĚ ůŽƚƐ ŽĨ ĐŚŽŝĐĞ ŽǀĞƌ ƚŚĞ ĚŝƌĞĐƟŽŶ ƚŚĞǇ ƚŚĂŶďǇĐŚƌŽŶŽůŽŐŝĐĂůĂŐĞ͘dŚŝƐŐŝǀĞƐĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶƟŵĞƚŽŵĂƚƵƌĞ
ƚĂŬĞ ďĞĐĂƵƐĞ ƚŚŝƐ ĞŶĐŽƵƌĂŐĞƐ ƐĞůĨͲŵŽƟǀĂƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ĨŽůůŽǁͲ ĂƚƚŚĞŝƌŽǁŶƉĂĐĞǁŝƚŚŝŶĂĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚĂůǁŝŶĚŽǁ͘/ƚƐŵĂŶǇ
ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ͘ hŶŝŶƚĞƌƌƵƉƚĞĚ ǁŽƌŬ ƉĞƌŝŽĚƐ ĞŶĐŽƵƌĂŐĞ ĨŽĐƵƐ ĂŶĚ ĂĚǀĂŶƚĂŐĞƐ ĨŽƌ ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͛Ɛ ĂŶĚ ĞĚƵĐĂƚŽƌƐ͛ ǁĞůůďĞŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ
ĐŽŶĐĞŶƚƌĂƟŽŶĂŶĚĂůůŽǁĞŵƉůŽǇĞĞƐƚŽŐĞƚŝŶƚŽ͚ŇŽǁ͛ǁŚĞƌĞ ŵĞŶƚĂůŚĞĂůƚŚĂƌĞŵƵůƟůĂǇĞƌĞĚĂŶĚďƵŝůƚŝŶƚŽƚŚĞĚĞƐŝŐŶ͕ƐŽ
ƚŚĞǇ ĂƌĞ Ăƚ ƚŚĞŝƌ ŵŽƐƚ ƉƌŽĚƵĐƟǀĞ͘ ƌĞĂƟǀŝƚǇ͕ ĐŽůůĂďŽƌĂƟŽŶ͕ ƚŚĞǇƌĞŝŶĨŽƌĐĞŽŶĞĂŶŽƚŚĞƌǁŝƚŚŽƵƚĞǆƉůŝĐŝƚŝŶƐƚƌƵĐƟŽŶ͘
ƌĞƐƉŽŶƐŝďŝůŝƚǇ͕ ĂŶĚ Ă ŚĞĂůƚŚǇ ĐŽŵĨŽƌƚ ǁŝƚŚ ĞƌƌŽƌ ĐĂŶ Ăůů ďĞ
ůĞĂƌŶĞĚ ďƵƚ ŶŽƚ ĞĂƐŝůǇ ƚĂƵŐŚƚ͘ dŽ ŝŶƚĞƌŶĂůŝƐĞ ƚŚĞƐĞ ƐŬŝůůƐ͕
ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶŶĞĞĚŽƉƉŽƌƚƵŶŝƟĞƐƚŽƚĂŬĞƌŝƐŬƐĂŶĚůŝǀĞƚŚĞŵĚĂŝůǇ͘
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dŚŝƐ ůĞĂƌŶĞƌͲĐĞŶƚƌĞĚ ĚĞƐŝŐŶ ŵŝŵŝĐƐ ĨĂŵŝůŝĂů ƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉƐ ĂƐ 'ŝǀŝŶŐ ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ ƌĞĂů ĐŚŽŝĐĞ ƵŶůĞĂƐŚĞƐ ŚŝĚĚĞŶ ƌĞƐĞƌǀĞƐ ŽĨ
ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ ĐǇĐůĞ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ďĞŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ǇŽƵŶŐĞƐƚ ;ƚŚĞ ͚ĂǁĞƐƚƌƵĐŬ ŵŽƟǀĂƟŽŶ͕ƐŽĞĂƐŝůǇĞǆƟŶŐƵŝƐŚĞĚǁŚĞŶĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶĂƌĞŚĞƌĚĞĚ
ĨŽůůŽǁĞƌ͛Ϳ͕ ƚŚĞŶ ƚŚĞ ŵŝĚĚůĞ ĐŚŝůĚ ;ƚŚĞ ͚ŽďƐĞƌǀĂŶƚ ĂŶĚ ĂŶĚĐĂũŽůĞĚ͘>ĞĂƌŶĞƌƐŝŶǀĞƐƚŵŽƌĞŽĨƚŚĞŵƐĞůǀĞƐŝŶĂŶĂĐƟǀŝƚǇ
ƐŽŵĞƟŵĞƐŽǀĞƌĐŽŶĮĚĞŶƚĂƉƉƌĞŶƟĐĞ͛Ϳ͕ĂŶĚĮŶĂůůǇƚŚĞĞůĚĞƐƚ ŝĨƚŚĞǇ͛ǀĞŚĂĚƐŽŵĞƐĂǇŝŶĐŚŽŽƐŝŶŐŝƚ͘tŚĞŶŐŝǀĞŶƌĞĂůĐŚŽŝĐĞ
;ƚŚĞ͚ĞǆƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞĚĂŶĚŶƵƌƚƵƌŝŶŐůĞĂĚĞƌ͛Ϳ͘ŚŝůĚƌĞŶĞǆƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ ĨƌŽŵĂŶĂƌƌĂǇŽĨĐŽŶĐƌĞƚĞĞǆƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞƐ͕ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶĐŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƚƚŚĞŝƌ
ĞĂĐŚ ƌŽůĞ ŽǀĞƌ ĂŶĚ ŽǀĞƌ ĂƐ ƚŚĞǇ ƉĂƐƐ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ŵƵůƟĂŐĞ ƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐƐĂƚƚŚĞŝƌŽǁŶƉĂĐĞ͘dŚĞǇĚŽŶ͛ƚŚĂǀĞƚŽŬĞĞƉƵƉ
ĐůĂƐƐƌŽŽŵƐ ĨŽƌ ŝŶĨĂŶƚƐ ƚŽ ƚŚƌĞĞͲǇĞĂƌͲŽůĚƐ͕ ϯ ƚŽ ϲͲǇĞĂƌͲŽůĚƐ͕ ǁŝƚŚƉĞĞƌƐŝŶŽƌĚĞƌƚŽĐŽŶĨŽƌŵƚŽƚŚĞƚĞĂĐŚĞƌ͛ƐƐĐŚĞĚƵůĞ͕ƐŽ
ϲ ƚŽ ϵͲǇĞĂƌͲŽůĚƐ͕ ϵ ƚŽ ϭϮͲǇĞĂƌͲŽůĚƐ͕ ϭϮ ƚŽ ϭϱͲǇĞĂƌͲŽůĚƐ͕ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞǇĂǀŽŝĚƚŚĞŵŽƐƚĐŽƌƌŽƐŝǀĞĞīĞĐƚƐŽĨĐŽŵƉĞƟƟŽŶ͘
ϭϱ ƚŽ ϭϴͲǇĞĂƌͲŽůĚƐ͘ dŚĞ ĨŽĐƵƐ ŽŶ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚĂů ƌĞĂĚŝŶĞƐƐ
ĂŶĚ ƉŽƐŝƟŽŶ ǁŝƚŚŝŶ ƚŚĞ ĐůĂƐƐƌŽŽŵ ƐǇƐƚĞŵͶƌĂƚŚĞƌ ƚŚĂŶ dŚĞ ƚŚƌĞĞͲǇĞĂƌ ĚĞƐŝŐŶ ĂůƐŽ ŵĂŬĞƐ ƉŽƐƐŝďůĞ ĚĞĞƉ ƉĞƌƐŽŶĂů
ĐŚƌŽŶŽůŽŐŝĐĂů ĂŐĞͶĂĐŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞƐ ƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐ͛ ĞǆƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŽŶƐ͘ ^ƚƵĚĞŶƚƐ ďƵŝůĚ ƐƚƌŽŶŐ ďŽŶĚƐ ŽĨ ƚƌƵƐƚ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ
ĂďŝůŝƟĞƐ ǁŚŝůĞ ĨƌĞĞŝŶŐ ƚŚĞŵ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ĞǆƉĞĐƚĂƟŽŶ ƚŚĂƚ ƚŚĞǇ ƐĂŵĞ ƚĞĂĐŚĞƌ ŽǀĞƌ ƚŚƌĞĞ ǇĞĂƌƐ͘ dĞĂĐŚĞƌƐ ŐĞƚ ƚŽ ŬŶŽǁ ƚŚĞŝƌ
ƐŚŽƵůĚďĞƚŚĞƐĂŵĞĂƐƚŚĞŝƌƉĞĞƌƐŽĨƚŚĞƐĂŵĞĂŐĞ͘/ƚĂůƐŽĂĚĚƐ ƌĞƚƵƌŶŝŶŐ ƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐ ǁĞůů͕ ƐŽ ƚŚĞǇ ŬŶŽǁ ǁŚŝĐŚ ƐƚŽƌŝĞƐ ĂŶĚ
ƐƚĂďŝůŝƚǇďǇƉƌĞƐĞƌǀŝŶŐĂŶŝŶƐƟƚƵƟŽŶĂůŵĞŵŽƌǇŽĨƚƌĂĚŝƟŽŶƐ͕ ĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐǁŝůůĐĂƉƚƵƌĞƚŚĞŝƌŝŵĂŐŝŶĂƟŽŶƐĂŶĚŵŽƟǀĂƚĞƚŚĞŵ͘
ŶŽƌŵƐĂŶĚƌŝƚƵĂůƐŝŶƌĞƚƵƌŶŝŶŐƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐ͘ dŚŝƐ ƚƌƵƐƚ ĞŶĐŽƵƌĂŐĞƐ ŽƌĚĞƌůǇ ĨƌĞĞĚŽŵ ŽĨ ŵŽǀĞŵĞŶƚ ĂŶĚ
ĂƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶ͘ /Ŷ ƚŚŝƐ ĂƚŵŽƐƉŚĞƌĞ͕ ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ ĨĞĞů ƐĂĨĞ ĞŶŽƵŐŚ
dŚŝƐ ĚĞƐŝŐŶ ŇĂƩĞŶƐ ĐůĂƐƐƌŽŽŵ ŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ ĂƐ ƉƌŽďůĞŵƐ ƚŽ ƐĞĞ ƚŚĞŝƌ ŵŝƐƚĂŬĞƐ ĂƐ ŽƉƉŽƌƚƵŶŝƟĞƐ ƚŽ ůĞĂƌŶ ƌĂƚŚĞƌ ƚŚĂŶ
ĂƌĞ ŵŽƌĞ ŽŌĞŶ ǁŽƌŬĞĚ ŽƵƚ ďǇ ƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐ ŝŶƐƚĞĂĚ ŽĨ ŶĞĞĚŝŶŐ ƉĞƌƐŽŶĂůĨĂŝůƵƌĞƐ͘ŚŝůĚƌĞŶĂƌĞŬŶŽǁŶďǇƚŚĞĞĚƵĐĂƚŽƌƐǁŚŽ
ƐŽůƵƟŽŶƐƚŽďĞŝŵƉŽƐĞĚďǇĂĚƵůƚƐ͘^ƚƵĚĞŶƚƐƚĞŶĚƚŽƌĞƐƉŽŶĚ ǁŽƌŬǁŝƚŚƚŚĞŵ͕ĂŶĚĂƵƚŚĞŶƟĐĂƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚƐĂƌĞŐĂƚŚĞƌĞĚƚŽ
ŵŽƌĞƉŽƐŝƟǀĞůǇƚŽĚŝƌĞĐƟŽŶĨƌŽŵŽůĚĞƌƉĞĞƌƐǁŚŽŵƚŚĞǇŚĂǀĞ ƐŚŽǁŵĞĂŶŝŶŐĨƵůƉƌŽŐƌĞƐƐŽǀĞƌƟŵĞ͘
ƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉƐǁŝƚŚ͕ĂŶĚƚŚŝƐƌĞůŝĞǀĞƐĞĚƵĐĂƚŽƌƐŽĨƚŚĞŶĞĞĚƚŽ
ĐŽŶƐƚĂŶƚůǇ ŵĂŶĂŐĞ ƚŚĞ ĐůĂƐƐƌŽŽŵ͕ ĂůůŽǁŝŶŐ ƚŚĞŵ ƐƉĂĐĞ ƚŽ dŚĞƌĞ͛ƐĂůƐŽŵŽƌĞƚƌƵƐƚďĞƚǁĞĞŶĞĚƵĐĂƚŽƌƐĂŶĚƉĂƌĞŶƚƐǁŝƚŚ
ŽďƐĞƌǀĞŝŶĚŝǀŝĚƵĂůƐǁŝƚŚŽƵƚĚŝƐƚƌĂĐƟŽŶ͘ ƚŚŝƐ ůĞĂƌŶĞƌͲĐĞŶƚƌĞĚ ĚĞƐŝŐŶ͘ ^ŝŶĐĞ ĞĂĐŚ ĐŚŝůĚ ŝƐ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞŝƌ
ƚĞĂĐŚĞƌĨŽƌƚŚƌĞĞǇĞĂƌƐ͕ƚŚĞƌĞ͛ƐĂŶŝŶĐĞŶƟǀĞĨŽƌƚŚĞƚĞĂĐŚĞƌ
dŚĞ ƚŚƌĞĞͲǇĞĂƌ ƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ ĂůƐŽ ŽƌŝĞŶƚƐ ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͛Ɛ ŵŝŶĚƐ ƚŽ ƚŽŐĞƚƚŽŬŶŽǁƉĂƌĞŶƚƐĂŶĚĚĞǀĞůŽƉŐŽŽĚƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉƐǁŝƚŚ
ĂŶ ĂƉƉƌĞĐŝĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ ĚŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ ďǇ ƉƌŽŵƉƟŶŐ ƚŚĞŵ ƚŽ ůŽŽŬ ƚŚĞŵ͘/ŶƚŚŝƐĐůĂƐƐƌŽŽŵŵŽĚĞů͕ƉĞƌŵĂŶĞŶƚƚĞĂĐŚĞƌĂŝĚĞƐĂƌĞ
ĨŽƌ ĐŽŵŵŽŶĂůŝƟĞƐ͘ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ŚĂƐ ƐŚŽǁŶ ƚŚĂƚ ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ ŝŶ ŐĞŶƵŝŶĞƉĂƌƚŶĞƌƐǁŝƚŚƚŚĞŝƌůĞĂĚƌĂƚŚĞƌƚŚĂŶŝƟŶĞƌĂŶƚǀŝƐŝƚŽƌƐ
ŚŽŵŽŐĞŶŽƵƐŐƌŽƵƉŝŶŐƐƚĞŶĚƚŽƐĞĂƌĐŚĨŽƌĚŝīĞƌĞŶĐĞƐ͕ǁŚŝĐŚ ǁŝƚŚŇĞĞƟŶŐĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŽŶƐƚŽƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐ͘
ƉƌŽŵŽƚĞƐ ĐůŝƋƵĞ ďĞŚĂǀŝŽƵƌ͕ ǁŚŝůĞ ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ ƉůĂĐĞĚ ŝŶ ĚŝǀĞƌƐĞ
ŐƌŽƵƉŝŶŐƐƚĞŶĚƚŽůŽŽŬĨŽƌǁĂǇƐƚŚĞǇĂƌĞƚŚĞƐĂŵĞ͘;dŚŽƌŶĞ͕ &ŝŶĂůůǇ͕ ƚŚĞ ƚŚƌĞĞͲǇĞĂƌ ĚĞƐŝŐŶ ŵĂŬĞƐ ƉŽƐƐŝďůĞ ŐĞŶƵŝŶĞ
ϭϵϵϯͿ ĐŽůůĂďŽƌĂƟǀĞ ůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ͕ ĂůůŽǁŝŶŐ ƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐ ƚŽ ůĞĂƌŶ ĨƌŽŵ ŽŶĞ
ĂŶŽƚŚĞƌ Ăƚ ůĞĂƐƚ ĂƐ ŵƵĐŚ ĂƐ ĨƌŽŵ ƚĞĂĐŚĞƌƐ͘ WĞĞƌͲƚŽͲƉĞĞƌ
dŚĞƚŚƌĞĞͲǇĞĂƌĚĞƐŝŐŶŵĂŬĞƐƉŽƐƐŝďůĞƌĞĂůĐŚŽŝĐĞ͕ƚŚĞĞŶŐŝŶĞ learning is enhanced because students are free to choose
ŽĨ ŵŽƟǀĂƟŽŶ͘ ŚŽŝĐĞ ŝƐ ƉŽƐƐŝďůĞ ǁŚĞŶ ƚŚĞ ƚĞĂĐŚĞƌ ŝƐ ĨƌĞĞĚ ǁŚĞŶ͕ ǁŚĞƌĞ ĂŶĚ ǁŝƚŚ ǁŚŽŵ ƚŚĞǇ ĞŶŐĂŐĞ ŝŶ ĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐ͘
ĨƌŽŵŚĂǀŝŶŐƚŽŵĂŶĂŐĞƚŚĞǁŚŽůĞĐůĂƐƐƌŽŽŵĂƚŽŶĐĞ͘ŚŝůĚƌĞŶ ŚŝůĚƌĞŶ ĚŽŶ͛ƚ Ăůů ĚĞǀĞůŽƉ Ăƚ ƚŚĞ ƐĂŵĞ ƉĂĐĞ͕ ƐŽ Ă ŵƵůƟĂŐĞ
ůĞĂƌŶ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ŝŶƚĞƌĂĐƟŶŐ ǁŝƚŚ ŵĂŶŝƉƵůĂƟǀĞƐ ƉůĂĐĞĚ ŽŶ ƚŚĞ ĐŽůůĂďŽƌĂƟŽŶ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶ ĂŶǇ ƚǁŽ ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ ŵĂǇ ŝŵƉůǇ Ă
ƐŚĞůǀĞƐďǇĞĚƵĐĂƚŽƌƐĂŶĚůĞƐƐƚŚƌŽƵŐŚĚŝƌĞĐƚŝŶƐƚƌƵĐƟŽŶ͘dŚĞ ŵĞŶƚŽƌŝŶŐƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉ͕ŽƌŝƚŵĂǇďĞĂĐŽůůĂďŽƌĂƟŽŶŽĨĞƋƵĂůƐ͘
ŵĂƚĞƌŝĂůƐĞĂĐŚĐŽŶƚĂŝŶ ƚŚĞŝƌŽǁŶĐŽŶƚƌŽů ŽĨ ĞƌƌŽƌƚŚĂƚĚƌĂǁ ^ƚƵĚĞŶƚƐŝŶƚŚŝƐĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚƚŚĂƚĞǀĞƌǇŽŶĞŝŶƚŚĞ
ƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐ͛ĂƩĞŶƟŽŶƚŽŵŝƐƚĂŬĞƐ͕ƐŽƚŚĞƌŽůĞŽĨƚŚĞĞĚƵĐĂƚŽƌŝƐ room—adults included—can be both student and teacher at
ƉƌŝŵĂƌŝůǇƚŽŽďƐĞƌǀĞĂŶĚŐƵŝĚĞŝŶĚŝǀŝĚƵĂůƐƚŽǁĂƌĚĨŽůůŽǁͲƵƉ ĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚƟŵĞƐ͘
ĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐƚŚĂƚƐƵŝƚƚŚĞŝƌƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌŶĞĞĚƐƌĂƚŚĞƌƚŚĂŶĐŽƌƌĞĐƚ
ƚŚĞŝƌŵŝƐƚĂŬĞƐ͘tŝƚŚĐůĂƐƐƌŽŽŵŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚŚĂŶĚůĞĚŵŽƐƚůǇ
Giving children real choice
ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ŽůĚĞƌ ƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐ͕ ƚĞĂĐŚĞƌƐ ĐĂŶ ŐŝǀĞ ƐŵĂůů ŐƌŽƵƉ Žƌ
ŝŶĚŝǀŝĚƵĂůŝƐĞĚ ůĞƐƐŽŶƐ ďĂƐĞĚ ŽŶ ƌĞĂĚŝŶĞƐƐ ƌĂƚŚĞƌ ƚŚĂŶ ĂŐĞ͘ unleashes hidden reserves of
/ŶĚŝǀŝĚƵĂůŝƐĞĚ ĂƩĞŶƟŽŶ ďĞĐŽŵĞƐ ƌŽƵƟŶĞ ƌĂƚŚĞƌ ƚŚĂŶ ĂŶ motivation
ĞǆĐĞƉƟŽŶƚŽďĞŵŽďŝůŝƐĞĚŽŶůǇǁŚĞŶƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐƐƚƌƵŐŐůĞ͘
64
^ƵĐŚ ŝŶŶŽǀĂƟǀĞ ůĞĂƌŶĞƌͲĐĞŶƚƌĞĚ ĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚƐ ŚĂǀĞ ďĞĞŶ ŝŶ DŽŶƚĞƐƐŽƌŝ ŝƐ Ă ǁŽƌůĚǁŝĚĞ ŵŽǀĞŵĞŶƚ ĨŽƌ ůĞĂƌŶĞƌͲĐĞŶƚƌĞĚ
ƵƐƚƌĂůŝĂƐŝŶĐĞϭϵϭϱǁŚĞŶƚŚĞĮƌƐƚDŽŶƚĞƐƐŽƌŝƉƵďůŝĐƐĐŚŽŽů ĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ͘dŚĞƌĞĂƌĞĂƌŽƵŶĚϭϲ͕ϬϬϬDŽŶƚĞƐƐŽƌŝƐĐŚŽŽůƐĂŶĚ
ŽƉĞŶĞĚŝŶ^ǇĚŶĞǇ͘ĂƐĞĚŽŶĚĞĐĂĚĞƐŽĨƐĐŝĞŶƟĮĐŽďƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ ĐŽƵŶƚůĞƐƐ ŵŽƌĞ ĞĂƌůǇ ĐŚŝůĚŚŽŽĚ ƉƌŽŐƌĂŵƐ ŝŶ ϭϱϰ ĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐ
ŽĨ ŚŽǁ ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ ůĞĂƌŶ͕ DĂƌŝĂ DŽŶƚĞƐƐŽƌŝ ĚĞƐŝŐŶĞĚ ĂŶ ǁŽƌůĚǁŝĚĞ͕ ϵй ŽĨ ƚŚŽƐĞ ŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚͲĨƵŶĚĞĚ ;ĞďƐ Ğƚ Ăů͕͘
ĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĂů ĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚ ďĂƐĞĚ ŽŶ ŬĞǇ ƉƌŝŶĐŝƉůĞƐ ƚŚĂƚ ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ ϮϬϮϮͿ͘ /ƚ ŝƐ Ă ƟŵĞͲƚĞƐƚĞĚ ƉĞĚĂŐŽŐǇ ĞŶŐŝŶĞĞƌĞĚ Ăƚ ŝƚƐ ĐŽƌĞ
ĐŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƚ ŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞ ĨƌŽŵ ƚŚĞŝƌ ĞǆƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ǁŽƌůĚ͕ ƚŽƉƌĞƉĂƌĞǇŽƵŶŐƉĞŽƉůĞĨŽƌĂǁŽƌůĚǁŚŽƐĞŽŶůǇĐŽŶƐƚĂŶƚŝƐ
ƚŚĂƚ ůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ ŝƐ ƐŽŵĞƚŚŝŶŐ ƚŚĂƚ ŚƵŵĂŶƐ ĚŽ ŶĂƚƵƌĂůůǇ͕ ƚŚĂƚ ŝƚ ĐŚĂŶŐĞ͘
ŚĂƉƉĞŶƐďĞƐƚǁŚĞŶŝƚ͛ƐŶŽƚĨŽƌĐĞĚ͕ĂŶĚƚŚĂƚĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶĂƌĞƐĞůĨͲ
ŵŽƟǀĂƚĞĚďǇďĞŝŶŐŐŝǀĞŶůŽƚƐŽĨĂƉƉƌŽƉƌŝĂƚĞĐŚŽŝĐĞ͘
ƌDŽŶƚĞƐƐŽƌŝĂŝŵĞĚŶŽƚƚŽƉƌĞƉĂƌĞĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶĨŽƌƚŚĞǁŽƌŬƉůĂĐĞ REFERENCES
dŚŽƌŶĞ͕͘;ϭϵϵϯͿ͘'ĞŶĚĞƌƉůĂǇ͗'ŝƌůƐĂŶĚďŽǇƐŝŶƐĐŚŽŽů͘ZƵƚŐĞƌƐhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ
ďƵƚ ƚŽ ĂŝĚ ƚŚĞŝƌ ŶĂƚƵƌĂů ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ ďǇ ĞŶĐŽƵƌĂŐŝŶŐ Ă ůŽǀĞ WƌĞƐƐ
ŽĨ ĨƌĞĞůǇ ĐŚŽƐĞŶ ǁŽƌŬ ĨŽƌ ŝƚƐ ŽǁŶ ƐĂŬĞ ƌĂƚŚĞƌ ƚŚĂŶ ďĞĐĂƵƐĞ
DŝƌĂ ĞďƐ Ğƚ Ăů͘ ;ϮϬϮϮͿ͘ ͞'ůŽďĂů ŝīƵƐŝŽŶ ŽĨ DŽŶƚĞƐƐŽƌŝ ^ĐŚŽŽůƐ͗ ZĞƉŽƌƚ
ŽĨ ĂƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚƐ͕ ƉƌŝǌĞƐ Žƌ ĨĞĂƌ ŽĨ ƉƵŶŝƐŚŵĞŶƚ͘ /Ŷ ƚŚĞƐĞ &ƌŽŵƚŚĞϮϬϮϮ'ůŽďĂůDŽŶƚĞƐƐŽƌŝĞŶƐƵƐ͕͟ŝŶ:ŽƵƌŶĂůŽĨDŽŶƚĞƐƐŽƌŝZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ͕
ƐƵƉƉŽƌƟǀĞ ĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚƐ͕ ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ ƐƉŽŶƚĂŶĞŽƵƐůǇ ĞǆƉƌĞƐƐ sŽůƵŵĞϴ͕/ƐƐƵĞϮ͕&ĂůůϮϬϮϮ͘
ƚŚĞ ĮŶĞƐƚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞŝƌ ŚƵŵĂŶ ƚĞŶĚĞŶĐŝĞƐ͕ ĨƌĞĞ ŽĨ ĐŽŵƉĞƟƟǀĞ
ĂŐŐƌĞƐƐŝŽŶ͘DŽŶƚĞƐƐŽƌŝƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐůĞĂƌŶƚŽĐŽůůĂďŽƌĂƚĞĨƌĞĞůǇĂƐ
ŝŶĚĞƉĞŶĚĞŶƚĂŶĚŝŶƚĞƌĚĞƉĞŶĚĞŶƚƚŚŝŶŬĞƌƐ͕ƐĞƫŶŐƚŚĞŵƵƉƚŽ
ƚŚƌŝǀĞŝŶŽƵƌŝŶƚĞƌĐŽŶŶĞĐƚĞĚǁŽƌůĚ͘
TRANSFORMING
THE ADULT
NATIONAL CONFERENCE
UNLOCK YOUR POTENTIAL

TRANSFORM YOURSELF
INSPIRE CHANGE
Educators and school leaders are invited to Montessori Australia's national

conference of transformative experiences that will help you to unlock your
potential and inspire positive change in your personal and professional life.
18 PRESENTERS | 20 SESSIONS | KEYNOTE SPEAKERS INCLUDE:
8JMMJBN.BJFS EMERGENCE AND TRANSFORMATION: SPIRITUAL DEVELOPMENT IN MONTESSORI

,BQPOP$JPUUJ TRANSFORMING A MOVEMENT: MOBILISING MONTESSORI TO ADDRESS SOCIAL REFORM

&MJ[BCFUI#SBOEU PROFESSIONAL GROWTH THROUGH PERSONAL TRANSFORMATION

4IBXOFF4DINJE SELF-LEADERSHIP: FROM REACTION TO CONNECTION

'JPOB.D,FO[JF TRANSFORMING OURSELVES TOWARDS STUDENT AGENCY
Includes Public & Faith Based School Symposium for those interested in incorporating Montessori into their school
28 & 29 OCTOBER 2023 | SYDNEY

3&(*45&3IUUQTDPOGFSFODFNPOUFTTPSJPSHBV
66
,1)/8(17,$/7+,1.(56
ALISSA HADDAD, EDUCATIONAL LEADER, BLACKFRIARS CHILDREN’S CENTRE
DǇ ƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĂů ƐƚĂŶĚƉŽŝŶƚ ĂƐ ĂŶ ĞĂƌůǇ ĐŚŝůĚŚŽŽĚ ƉĞĚĂŐŽŐƵĞ ŚĂƐ ƚŽ ďĞ ƚŚĂƚ ŽĨ ŚŽŶŽƵƌŝŶŐ
ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͛ƐƌŝŐŚƚƐŝŶĂůůŵǇƚŚŝŶŬŝŶŐĂŶĚĚĞĐŝƐŝŽŶͲŵĂŬŝŶŐ͘ŶǇƚŚĞŽƌĞƟĐĂůŽƌƉĞĚĂŐŽŐŝĐĂůĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚ
ŵƵƐƚĂīŽƌĚĂŚŝŐŚĚĞŐƌĞĞŽĨƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƟŽŶ͕ƉƌŽǀŝƐŝŽŶĂůƉƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶĂŶĚĞƋƵŝƚǇƌŝŐŚƚƐĨŽƌƚŚĞĐŚŝůĚ͘
/ĮŶĚ/ĚĞĨĂƵůƚƚŽƚŚĞƚŚĞŽƌŝĞƐĂŶĚĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚĞƐƚŚĂƚƉŽƐŝƟŽŶĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶǁŝƚŚƉŽǁĞƌĂŶĚĂŐĞŶĐǇ͕ĂŶĚ
ƌĞƐƉĞĐƞƵů ƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ͘ ,ĞƌĞ ĂƌĞ ƚŚƌĞĞ ŽĨ ŵǇ ŐŽͲƚŽ͛Ɛ͗ ŵŵŝ WŝŬůĞƌ͖ EĞƵƌŽƐĐŝĞŶĐĞ͖ ĂŶĚ ^ĞĐƵƌĞ
ĞŐŝŶŶŝŶŐƐWůĂǇƐƉĂĐĞΠ>ĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ͘
DR EMMI PIKLER (1902-1984)
DǇ ŐŽͲƚŽ ĨŽƌ ŝŶĨĂŶƚ ƉĞĚĂŐŽŐǇ ŚĂƐ ƚŽ ďĞ ŵŵŝ WŝŬůĞƌ ;,ƵŶŐĂƌŝĂŶ WĂĞĚŝĂƚƌŝĐŝĂŶͿ͕ ŬŶŽǁŶ ĨŽƌ ŚĞƌ
ƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂů ŶƵƌƐĞƌǇ ŝŶ ƵĚĂƉĞƐƚ ĐĂůůĞĚ >Ž͛ĐǌǇ͘ Ɛ / ŚŽůĚ ƐƚƌŽŶŐ ƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĂů ĂůŝŐŶŵĞŶƚ ǁŝƚŚ
ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶĂƐƌŝŐŚƚƐŚŽůĚĞƌƐ͕ŵŵŝWŝŬůĞƌĂůƐŽĂĚǀŽĐĂƚĞƐĨŽƌƚŚĞŝŶŚĞƌĞŶƚƉƌŽǀŝƐŝŽŶĂů͕ƉƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶĂŶĚ It is only when a
ƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƟŽŶ ƌŝŐŚƚƐ ŽĨ ŽƌƉŚĂŶĞĚ ;ĂŶĚ ĂůůͿ ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ ƚŽ ĞǆƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ ƋƵĂůŝƚǇ ĂƵƚŚĞŶƟĐ͕ ƌĞƐƉĞĐƞƵůůǇ
ĂƩƵŶĞĚƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉƐĂŶĚĨƌĞĞĚŽŵŽĨŵŽǀĞŵĞŶƚ͘
child is emotionally
VDWLVƪHGWKDWWKH\
/ǀĂůƵĞƚŚĞǁĂǇWŝŬůĞƌƉĞĚĂŐŽŐǇŐƵŝĚĞƐŽƵƌƚŚŝŶŬŝŶŐĂŶĚƉƌĂĐƟĐĞĂŶĚƉŽƐŝƟŽŶƐŝŶĨĂŶƚƐǁŝƚŚƉŽǁĞƌ͘ will engage in
dŚƌŽƵŐŚƌĞƐƉĞĐƞƵůĂŶĚŶƵƌƚƵƌŝŶŐŝŶƚĞƌĂĐƟŽŶƐĂŶĚĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚƐ͕WŝŬůĞƌƉĞĚĂŐŽŐǇƉĞƌƉĞƚƵĂƚĞƐĂ authentic play
ĚŝƐĐŽƵƌƐĞŽĨƚƌƵĞĂƵƚŚĞŶƟĐƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉƐƵƉƉŽƌƚĞĚďǇĂƌĞƐƉŽŶƐŝǀĞ͕ƌĞƐƉĞĐƞƵůƐĞŶƐĞŽĨĂƩƵŶĞŵĞŶƚ͘
'U(PPL3LNOHU
dŚĞŝŶĨĂŶƚŝƐĂīŽƌĚĞĚĨƵůůĂƩĞŶƟŽŶ͕ĂƐůŽǁ͕ƵŶŚƵƌƌŝĞĚŵŽŵĞŶƚǁŚĞƌĞƚƌƵƐƚŝƐĂƚƚŚĞĐŽƌĞ͘/ŶĨĂŶƚƐĂƌĞ
ƐƉŽŬĞŶǁŝƚŚƌĂƚŚĞƌƚŚĂŶƚŽ͕ĂŶĚĞĚƵĐĂƚŽƌƐŚŽůĚďĂĐŬŽŶŝŶƚĞƌĨĞƌŝŶŐǁŝƚŚƚŚĞŝƌŶĂƚƵƌĂůůǇŽĐĐƵƌƌŝŶŐ
ƉůĂǇƐĐĞŶĞƐ͘/ŶĨĂŶƚƐĂƌĞŶŽƚƌƵƐŚĞĚƚŚƌŽƵŐŚĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚďƵƚĂƌĞĂůůŽǁĞĚĂĨƌĞĞĚŽŵŽĨŵŽǀĞŵĞŶƚ The relationship
ǁŝƚŚŽƵƚĐŽŶƐƚƌĂŝŶƚ͘EŽŚŝŐŚĐŚĂŝƌƐ͕ŶŽďŽƵŶĐĞƌƐ͕ĂŶĚŶŽƉŽƐŝƟŽŶƐƚŚĞǇĐĂŶŶŽƚŐĞƚƚŚĞŵƐĞůǀĞƐŝŶƚŽ is all. It is a matter
ĂŶĚŽƵƚŽĨ͘dŚŝƐŝƐďĞĐĂƵƐĞĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚŝƐƐĞĞŶƚŚƌŽƵŐŚŶĞƵƌŽůŽŐŝĐĂůŵĂƚƵƌĂƟŽŶ;ŶŽƚďŝŽůŽŐŝĐĂů of life to the baby
ŵĂƚƵƌĂƟŽŶͿĞŶĂďůĞĚďǇƚŚĞƉƌŽĐĞƐƐŽĨŵǇĞůŝŶĂƟŽŶ͘ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚƐŽĨŝŶƚƌŝŐƵĞƐƵƉƉŽƌƚĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ͕
'U(PPL3LNOHU
ĂŶĚŝŶĨĂŶƚƐĂƌĞŶŽƚĞŶƚĞƌƚĂŝŶĞĚǁŝƚŚĐŽŵŵĞƌĐŝĂůŝƐĞĚƚŽǇƐŽƌĚŝĚĂĐƟĐƚĞĂĐŚŝŶŐ͘,ĞƵƌŝƐƟĐƐďĞĐŽŵĞ
ĞǀŝĚĞŶƚ͕ĂŶĚĞĂĐŚĐĂƌĞŐŝǀŝŶŐŵŽŵĞŶƚŝƐŚŽŶŽƵƌĞĚǁŝƚŚƋƵĂůŝƚǇƟŵĞĂŶĚƌĞƐƉŽŶƐŝǀĞŶĞƐƐ͘/ǀĂůƵĞ
ƚŚŝƐ͊
EhZK^/E
/ĮŶĚ/ŽŌĞŶůĂŶĚŽŶƚŚĞ,ĂƌǀĂƌĚhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇĞŶƚƌĞĨŽƌƚŚĞĞǀĞůŽƉŝŶŐŚŝůĚǁĞďƉĂŐĞƐĂƐĂŐŽͲƚŽĨŽƌƐƵƉƉŽƌƟŶŐĂŶĚƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ
ƚŚĞĐŚŝůĚƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞŝƌŶĞƵƌŽůŽŐŝĐĂůƉƌŽĐĞƐƐĞƐ͘dŚĞĐŚŝůĚ͛ƐďƌĂŝŶŐŽĞƐƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚĐŚĂŶŐĞƐǁŚŝůƐƚƚŚĞǇĂƌĞǁŝƚŚƵƐŝŶƚŚĞŝƌ
ĞĂƌůǇǇĞĂƌƐ͕ƐŽ/ĂŵĂůǁĂǇƐŬĞĞŶƚŽƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚŚŽǁĂŐŽŽĚ͘K͘^͘ŽĨŚŽƌŵŽŶĞƐ;ĚŽƉĂŵŝŶĞ͕ŽǆǇƚŽĐŝŶ͕ƐĞƌŽƚŽŶŝŶΘĞŶĚŽƌƉŚŝŶƐͿĐĂŶ
ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͕ƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌůǇŝŶŚĞůƉŝŶŐƚŚĞŵƌĞŐƵůĂƚĞƚŚƌŽƵŐŚŚŝŐŚůǇĞŵŽƟŽŶĂůƟŵĞƐ͘EĞƵƌŽƐĐŝĞŶĐĞĮŶĚŝŶŐƐŚĂǀĞĞŶĂďůĞĚŵĞ
ƚŽƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚǁŚǇƌĞĚƵĐŝŶŐĐŽƌƟƐŽůŝƐŶĞĐĞƐƐĂƌǇƚŽŬĞĞƉƚŚĞĐŚŝůĚŝŶĂĐĂůŵƐƚĂƚĞĐŽŶĚƵĐŝǀĞƚŽůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐĂŶĚĞǆƉůŽƌĂƟŽŶƐĂŶĚĂůƐŽ
ŚŽǁŵǇĞůŝŶĂƟŽŶŶĞĞĚƐƚŽŽĐĐƵƌďĞĨŽƌĞƉƌŽŐƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŝŶĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚĐĂŶďĞĂĐŚŝĞǀĞĚ͘/ĚĞĨĂƵůƚƚŽƵƐŝŶŐŶĞƵƌŽƐĐŝĞŶĐĞƚŽƉƌŽǀŝĚĞ
ĂůƚĞƌŶĂƟǀĞƐĂŶĚƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĞƐǁŚĞŶŐƵŝĚŝŶŐĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͛ƐĐŚĂůůĞŶŐŝŶŐďĞŚĂǀŝŽƵƌƐ͘
^hZ'/EE/E'^W>z^WΠ>ZE/E'
WŽƐƚͲKs/͕ŽƵƌŽƌŐĂŶŝƐĂƟŽŶŝĚĞŶƟĮĞĚƚŚĞŝŶŚĞƌĞŶƚŶĞĞĚĨŽƌĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͛ƐƉƐǇĐŚŽůŽŐŝĐĂůƐĂĨĞƚǇĂƐƚŚĞǇƌĞƚƵƌŶĞĚĨƌŽŵŝƐŽůĂƟŽŶďĂĐŬ
ŝŶƚŽŐƌŽƵƉĐĂƌĞƐĞƫŶŐƐ͘&ŽƌƐŽŵĞŽĨŽƵƌĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͕ƚŚŝƐǁĂƐƚŚĞŝƌĮƌƐƚƟŵĞŝŶĂƐĞƌǀŝĐĞďĞŝŶŐĂŵŽŶŐƐƚůĂƌŐĞŶƵŵďĞƌƐŽĨĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͘
WĂƌƚŶĞƌŝŶŐǁŝƚŚƌZŽďǇŶŽůďǇ͕ƌĞůŝŶĚĂ&ƌĞŝǌĞƌĂŶĚŝůŝƐŚ,ƵŐŚĞƐ͕ŽƵƌŽƌŐĂŶŝƐĂƟŽŶĂĚŽƉƚĞĚƚŚĞ^ĞĐƵƌĞĞŐŝŶŶŝŶŐƐƉĞĚĂŐŽŐŝĐĂů
ĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚƚŚĂƚŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƚĞƐĂƩĂĐŚŵĞŶƚƚŚĞŽƌǇĚƵƌŝŶŐƚƌĂŶƐŝƟŽŶĂůƟŵĞƐƐƵĐŚĂƐŵŽƌŶŝŶŐĂƌƌŝǀĂůƐĂŶĚĞĚƵĐĂƚŽƌŚĂŶĚŽǀĞƌƐ͘^ĞĐƵƌĞ
ĞŐŝŶŶŝŶŐƐWůĂǇƐƉĂĐĞΠ>ĞĂƌŶŝŶŐŝŶĚƵĐĞƐĂƉůĂĐĞŽĨƐƟůůŶĞƐƐ͕ďŽƚŚƉŚǇƐŝĐĂůůǇĂŶĚĞŵŽƟŽŶĂůůǇ͘/ƚŝƐƚŚŝƐƐƟůůŶĞƐƐƚŚĂƚĂůůŽǁƐĞĚƵĐĂƚŽƌƐ
ƚŽ ďĞ ĞŵŽƟŽŶĂůůǇ ĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞ ĂŶĚ ĂĐĐĞƐƐŝďůĞ ĂƐ ǁĞ ŚĞůƉ ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ ŽƌŐĂŶŝƐĞ ƚŚŽƐĞ ďŝŐ ĞŵŽƟŽŶƐ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ŵŽƌŶŝŶŐ͕ ŚŽůĚ ŶĞŐŽƟĂƚĞĚ
ŐŽŽĚďǇĞƐǁŝƚŚƚŚĞŝƌĨĂŵŝůǇĂŶĚƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌĞĐŽǀĞƌǇƟŵĞƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞĐŽŶĐĞƉƚŽĨůĂƵŶĐŚƚŽĞǆƉůŽƌĞƐŽƚŚĂƚƚŚĞĐŚŝůĚĐĂŶƚƌĂŶƐŝƟŽŶĂŶĚ
ĞŶƚĞƌƉůĂǇƉĞĂĐĞĨƵůůǇ͘ĐĂůŵƐƚĂƌƚƚŽƚŚĞĚĂǇŝƐǀŝƚĂůĨŽƌůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ͕ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚĂŶĚǁĞůůďĞŝŶŐ͘
THE EDUCATIONAL LEADER
CONFERENCE 2023
CONNECTING PRACTICE TO THEORY: FINDING IDEAS
AND IDEALS OF POSSIBILITY ALONGSIDE THE EYLF
The role of educational leadership focuses on curriculum and pedagogy rather than on management and
administration. It has been argued that educational leadership is, in effect, leadership for learning (NZCA,
Óä£Î®°/ÃÃ«À}VviÀiVi]ÜÌÃwvÌÞi>À]ÃÕµÕi°7i«ÀÃiÞÕ>`>Þvi}>}iiÌ>`
provocation – our purpose is to support those individuals in the role of educational leader. Join a stellar
lineup of speakers who will assist and guide you to consider ways of transforming the educational practices
>ÌÞÕÀÃÌiÌÜ>À`Ã«ÀÛi`µÕ>ÌÞÕÌViÃ°
LOCATIONS AND DATES EDUCATIONAL LEADER CONFERENCE PROGRAM
MELBOURNE6HSWHPEHU 9:00am 7iVi>`ÀiÌ>ÌÌÌiVviÀiVi

Novotel Melbourne Preston 9:15am Dr Deborah Harcourt
215 Bell Street, Preston
Planning for the possible: In search of utopia
10:05am Adam Christie
CANBERRA6HSWHPEHU Pedagogical Documentation and pedagogical
Novotel Canberra
leadership as participatory pedagogies:
65 Northbourne Avenue, Canberra
designing and assessing learning together
10:55am Morning tea
SYDNEY6HSWHPEHU
>À}Ã>`7>ÀvÌiÕÃi® 11:30am Kelly Goodsir
48 Pirrama Road, Pyrmont Pedagogical Companionship: Inviting
contradictions, spaces for not-knowing and
BRISBANE6HSWHPEHU generating new ways together
Victoria Park 12:20pm Lunch
ÎäiÀÃÌ,>`]iÀÃÌ
1:30pm Kirsty Liljegren
Intentionality: It’s the thought that counts
TASMANIA6HSWHPEHU
2:20pm Anthony Semann
/iiÀÞiÃƂÀÌÌi
£nÕÌiÀ-ÌÀiiÌ]L>ÀÌ ÌviiÃi>wÀÃÌ`>Ìi\ Õ`}>}ÌiÀ
relationship with the EYLF
ADELAIDE6HSWHPEHU 3:00pm Close

Adelaide Pavilion
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PERTH 6HSWHPEHU
Karstens Perth
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68
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BY FOLLOWING THE STEPS BELOW...
PENELOPE: I AM CERTAIN YOU WILL FIND
YOUR PURPOSE ONE DAY.
EVERYONE MUST EVENTUALLY
COLIN: HAVE YOU FOUND YOURS?
PENELOPE: OF COURSE NOT, BUT I IMAGINE IT TO BE

SOMETHING ANIMATE AND SATISFYING.
THE TYPE OF VENTURE THAT SPEAKS NOT TO WHO I AM
BUT RATHER WHO I AIM TO BE.
MY PURPOSE WILL CHALLENGE ME TO BE BRAVE
AND WITTY. MY PURPOSE WILL PROPEL ME FAR BEYOND THE
WATCHFUL GLARE OF [OTHERS] MY MAMA.
MY PURPOSE SHALL SET ME FREE.
COLIN: WHAT COULD POSSIBLY MEASURE UP TO

ALL THAT? YOUR DREAMS ARE GRANDER
THAN YOU LET ON, PEN.
PENELOPE: YES, THEY ARE MERE FANTASY…

BUT I DO BELIEVE WE MUST ALLOW OURSELVES THOSE
PRIVATE MOMENTS SO WE MAY FACE REALITY
ARMED WITH OUR REVERIES.
– BRIDGERTON, SERIES 2
(PENELOPE FEATHERINGTON & COLIN BRIDGERTON)
71
FRIEDRICH FRÖBEL
INFLUENCING EARLY CHILDHOOD PRACTICE IN AUSTRALIA TODAY
LEORA AKSMAN-GLOSZ
FROEBEL AUSTRALIA
dŚĞƌĞ ŚĂǀĞ ďĞĞŶ ƐĞǀĞƌĂů ŬĞǇ ŚŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂů͕ ƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĂů͕ ĂŶĚ &ƌƂďĞů͛Ɛ ŬŝŶĚĞƌŐĂƌƚĞŶ ŵŽǀĞŵĞŶƚ ŝƐ ƌĞĐŽŐŶŝƐĞĚ ĂƐ Ă ŵĂũŽƌ
ĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĂůƚŚĞŽƌŝƐƚƐǁŚŽŚĂǀĞŐůŽďĂůůǇŝŶŇƵĞŶĐĞĚƚĞĂĐŚĞƌƐ ŐůŽďĂů ŝŶŇƵĞŶĐĞ ;ƐŚďǇ Θ 'ƌŝĞƐŚĂďĞƌ͕ ϭϵϵϲ͖ >ŝĞďƐĐŚŶĞƌ͕
ŝŶ ƚŚĞŝƌ ĐƵƌƌŝĐƵůƵŵ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ͘ &ZK> ƵƐƚƌĂůŝĂ ůŽŽŬƐ ϭϵϵϯͿ͘&ƌƂďĞůŚĂĚĂĐŽŵŵŝƚŵĞŶƚƚŽĂƵŶŝĮĞĚƐŽĐŝĞƚǇǁŝƚŚŝŶ
ƚŽƚŚĞƚĞĂĐŚŝŶŐƐŽĨ&ƌŝĞĚƌŝĐŚ&ƌƂďĞůƚŽŝŶŇƵĞŶĐĞĂŶĚƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚǇ ĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚƐ ǁŝƚŚ ŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞĂďůĞ ĞĚƵĐĂƚŽƌƐ͕
ƉĞĚĂŐŽŐŝĐĂůƉƌĂĐƟĐĞŝŶƚŚĞϮϭƐƚĐĞŶƚƵƌǇ͘ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƟŶŐƚŚĞŝĚĞĂŽĨĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶĂŶĚĨĂŵŝůŝĞƐďĞĐŽŵŝŶŐǁŚĂƚ
ǁĞ ŬŶŽǁ ƚŽĚĂǇ ĂƐ ͚ŐůŽďĂů ĐŝƟǌĞŶƐ͛ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚǇ
/ŶƚŚĞϭϴϬϬƐ͕ŝƚǁĂƐƚŚĞƐĐŚŽŽůƐŽĨ:ŽŚĂŶŶ,ĞŝŶƌŝĐŚWĞƐƚĂůŽǌǌŝ ƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉƐ͘ &ƌŽĞďĞů ďĞůŝĞǀĞĚ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ĨŽƌŵĂů ƚƌĂŝŶŝŶŐ ŽĨ
ĂŶĚZŽďĞƌƚKǁĞŶƚŚĂƚŝŐŶŝƚĞĚƚŚĞŇĂŵĞĂƌŽƵŶĚĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĂů ĞĚƵĐĂƚŽƌƐĂŶĚƚŚĞŝƌŽŶŐŽŝŶŐƉƌŽĨĞƐƐŝŽŶĂůĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ͕ǁŚŝĐŚ
ƉŽůŝĐǇƚŽĞǆƉĂŶĚĨƵƚƵƌĞƉĞĚĂŐŽŐǇ͘ƐƉƌĞĚĞĐĞƐƐŽƌƐŽĨƚŽĚĂǇ͛Ɛ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚƐ ĞĚƵĐĂƚŽƌƐ͛ ŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞ͘ ,Ğ ƉƌŽŵŽƚĞĚ ƚŚĞ ŝĚĞĂ ŽĨ
ƉĞĚĂŐŽŐŝĐĂů ƚŚŝŶŬŝŶŐ ĂƌŽƵŶĚ ŚŽůŝƐƟĐ ĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚĞƐ͕ ƐŽĐŝĂů ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶƌĞƋƵŝƌŝŶŐŽƉƉŽƌƚƵŶŝƟĞƐƚŽ͚ƉůĂǇ͕͛ǁŚŝĐŚĞŵƉŚĂƐŝƐĞĚ
ĐŽŚĞƐŝŽŶĂŶĚƚŚĞŝŶŇƵĞŶĐĞŽĨƚŚĞŶĂƚƵƌĂůĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚ͕ƚŚĞǇ ƚŚĞ ŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶĐĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƉĞĚĂŐŽŐŝĐĂů ƉƌĂĐƟƟŽŶĞƌ ŝŶ ŬŶŽǁŝŶŐ
ĂĚǀŽĐĂƚĞĚ ƚŚĞ ǀĂůƵĞ ĂŶĚ ŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶĐĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞƐĞ ĂƐƉĞĐƚƐ ŽĨ ŚŽǁ ƚŽ ƚĞĂĐŚ ĂŶĚ ǁŚǇ ƚŽ ĞŶĂďůĞ ůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ ŝŶ ĂŶ ĂƉƉƌŽƉƌŝĂƚĞ
ƚĞĂĐŚŝŶŐĂŶĚůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ;&ŽůůĂƌŝ͕ϮϬϭϭ͖,ŽƌůĂĐŚĞƌ͕ϮϬϭϭͿ͘ ĂŶĚ ŐƵŝĚĞĚ ǁĂǇ ;ƐŚďǇ Θ 'ƌŝĞƐŚĂďĞƌ͕ ϭϵϵϲ͖ ĂƌŶĞƐ͕ Ğƚ Ăů͕͘
ϮϬϬϵ͖ ŽŚĞŶ͕ ϮϬϬϴ͖ >ŝĞďƐĐŚŶĞƌ͕ ϭϵϵϯͿ͘ <ŶŽǁŝŶŐ ƚŚĂƚ ƚŚĞ
/Ŷ ϭϴϯϳ͕ &ƌŝĞĚƌŝĐŚ &ƌƂďĞů ƉůĂǇĞĚ ĂŶ ŝŶƚĞŐƌĂů ƌŽůĞ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ĞĚƵĐĂƚŽƌƐ͛ƌŽůĞŝŶĨĂĐŝůŝƚĂƟŶŐĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͛ƐƉůĂǇĂŶĚŝŶƋƵŝƌǇŝƐŶŽƚ
ĨŽƵŶĚĂƟŽŶ ĨŽƌ ĞĂƌůǇ ĐŚŝůĚŚŽŽĚ ĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ͘ ,Ğ ŽƉĞŶĞĚ ƚŚĞ ĂďŽƵƚ͚ĮůůŝŶŐĂĐƵƉ͛ǁŝƚŚĂŶƐǁĞƌƐ͕ďƵƚĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂĐƟǀĞůĞĂƌŶĞƌƐ͕
ǁŽƌůĚ͛ƐĮƌƐƚ͚ŬŝŶĚĞƌŐĂƌƚĞŶ͛ŝŶ'ĞƌŵĂŶǇʹŐƌŽƵŶĚĞĚŝŶ͚ƉůĂǇĂŶĚ ĚĞŵŽŶƐƚƌĂƚĞĚĂƉƌĂĐƟĐĞƚŚĂƚǁĂƐƉĞƌŚĂƉƐĂŚĞĂĚŽĨŚŝƐƟŵĞ
ĂĐƟǀŝƚǇ͕͛ǁŝƚŚƚŚĞŝŶƚĞŶƟŽŶĂůŐŽĂůŽĨƚĞĂĐŚŝŶŐĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶŚŽǁƚŽ ĂŶĚŚĂƐĐŽŶƟŶƵĞĚƚŽďĞĂƉƉůŝĞĚŝŶĐƵƌƌĞŶƚĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚĞƐƚŽĚĂǇ
ůĞĂƌŶ͕ŽďƐĞƌǀĞ͕ƌĞĂƐŽŶ͕ĞǆƉƌĞƐƐĂŶĚĐƌĞĂƚĞƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƉůĂǇ͘,ĞǁĂƐ ;>ƵďǁĂǇ͕ϮϬϭϮͿ͘
ŽŶĞŽĨƚŚĞĮƌƐƚƚŽĂƉƉƌĞĐŝĂƚĞƚŚĞƉƌŽĨĞƐƐŝŽŶĂůŝƐŵŽĨĞĚƵĐĂƚŽƌƐ
ĂŶĚƚŚĞŝƌƌŽůĞŝŶŐƵŝĚŝŶŐĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͛ƐůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ͕ĐŽŵƉĂƌŝŶŐŝƚƚŽ &ZK> ƵƐƚƌĂůŝĂ ŝƐ ƉƌŽƵĚůǇ Ă ŶŽƚͲĨŽƌͲƉƌŽĮƚ ŽƌŐĂŶŝƐĂƟŽŶ͕
ĂŶ ĂƩĞŶƟǀĞ ŐĂƌĚĞŶĞƌ͘ ŵƉůŽǇŝŶŐ ƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĞƐ ŽĨ ƵŶŝƚǇ ĂŶĚ ĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚĞĚŝŶ^ǇĚŶĞǇŝŶϮϬϬϵĂƐĂƐƵďƐŝĚŝĂƌǇŽĨƚŚĞĐŚĂƌŝƚĂďůĞ
ŝŶƚĞƌĐŽŶŶĞĐƚĞĚŶĞƐƐ͕ &ƌƂďĞů ŝŶƚƌŽĚƵĐĞĚ Ă ƐǇƐƚĞŵĂƟĐ ƐĞƚ ŽĨ &ZP> 'ƌŽƵƉ͕ ďĂƐĞĚ ĂŶĚ ĨŽƵŶĚĞĚ ŝŶ ĞƌůŝŶ ŝŶ ϭϵϵϬ͘ dŚĞ
͚ŐŝŌƐ͛ ;&ƌŽĞďĞůŐĂďĞŶͿ ƚŽ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ ƚŚŝƐ ůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ͘ ƌŽƐƚĞƌŵĂŶ ŽƌŐĂŶŝƐĂƟŽŶ ŽƉĞƌĂƚĞƐ ĂƌůǇ >ĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ ĞŶƚƌĞƐ ƚŚĂƚ ĨŽĐƵƐ ŽŶ
;ϭϵϵϳ͕Ɖ͘ϭϲϬͿƐƚĂƚĞƐƚŚĂƚƚŚĞŝŶƚĞŶƚŽĨƚŚĞŬŝŶĚĞƌŐĂƌƚĞŶĂŶĚ ŝŵŵĞƌƐŝǀĞ ůĂŶŐƵĂŐĞ ůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ ŝŶ ^ǇĚŶĞǇ ĂŶĚ DĞůďŽƵƌŶĞ͘
ƚŚĞŐŝŌƐǁĂƐŶŽƚĂďŽƵƚŝŶƐƚƌƵĐƟŽŶĂůůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐŽĨŝƐŽůĂƚĞĚĨĂĐƚƐ /ƚ ŝŶŝƟĂƚĞĚ ƚŚĞ >ŝƩůĞ ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐ ƉƌŽĨĞƐƐŝŽŶĂů ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ
ďƵƚƌĂƚŚĞƌĂŶĞǆƉĞƌŝĞŶƟĂů͕ŚŽůŝƐƟĐĞǆƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞĨŽƌ͚ƚŚĞĐƌĞĂƟŽŶ ƉƌŽŐƌĂŵ ĨŽƌ ĞĂƌůǇ ĐŚŝůĚŚŽŽĚ ĞĚƵĐĂƚŽƌƐ ĂŶĚ ƚĞĂĐŚĞƌƐ͕ ƚŚĞ
ŽĨ Ă ƐĞŶƐŝƟǀĞ͕ ŝŶƋƵŝƐŝƟǀĞ ĐŚŝůĚ ǁŝƚŚ ĂŶ ƵŶŝŶŚŝďŝƚĞĚ ĐƵƌŝŽƐŝƚǇ ƉƵƌƉŽƐĞŽĨǁŚŝĐŚŝƐƚŽďƵŝůĚ^dDĐŽŶĮĚĞŶĐĞĂŶĚĞŵƉŽǁĞƌ
ĂŶĚŐĞŶƵŝŶĞƌĞƐƉĞĐƚĨŽƌŶĂƚƵƌĞ͕ĨĂŵŝůǇĂŶĚƐŽĐŝĞƚǇ͛;ĂƐĐŝƚĞĚ ĞǀĞƌǇŽŶĞ ǁŽƌŬŝŶŐ ǁŝƚŚ ǇŽƵŶŐ ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ ƚŽ ĂĐƟǀĞůǇ ŝŶĐůƵĚĞ
ŝŶůŬŝŶĚ͕ϭϵϵϳͿ͘ ƉůĂǇĨƵů ĂŶĚ ŝŶƋƵŝƌǇͲďĂƐĞĚ ƐĐŝĞŶƟĮĐ ĞǆƉůŽƌĂƟŽŶ ŝŶ ƚŚĞŝƌ
ĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĂůƉƌĂĐƟĐĞ͘
&ƌƂďĞů ƐĂǁ ƚŚĞ ƌŽůĞ ŽĨ ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ ĂĐƟǀĞůǇ ĞŶŐĂŐŝŶŐ ǁŝƚŚ
ƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐ ĂƐ ƚŚĞ ŬĞǇ ƚŽ ĨƵƚƵƌĞ ƐƵĐĐĞƐƐ͘ ĐƟǀĞ ĞŶŐĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ Play is the highest expression of human
ǁŽƵůĚ ƚŚĞƌĞĨŽƌĞ ĂůůŽǁ ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ ƚŽ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉ ƐŬŝůůƐ ĨŽƌ ĐƌŝƟĐĂů
development in childhood, for it alone is the
ƚŚŝŶŬŝŶŐ͕ĐŽƵƉůĞĚǁŝƚŚŝŶĂŶĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶƐǇƐƚĞŵƚŚĂƚƐƵƉƉŽƌƚĞĚ
ĂŶĚ ŐƵŝĚĞĚ ƚŚĞŝƌ ĂĐƋƵŝƐŝƟŽŶ ŽĨ ŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞ͕ ƚŽ ĨƵƌƚŚĞƌ free expression of what is in a child’s soul
ĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƚĞ ƚŽ Ă ĚĞŵŽĐƌĂƟĐ ƐŽĐŝĞƚǇ ;ůĂǇƚŽŶ͕ ϭϵϱϵ͖ &ŽůůĂƌŝ͕ )UµEHO
ϮϬϭϭ͖>ŝĞďƐĐŚŶĞƌ͕ϭϵϵϯͿ͘
72
tŝƚŚŝŶ ĞĂĐŚ ŽĨ ŽƵƌ &ZK> ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ͕ ǇŽƵ ǁŝůů ƐĞĞ ƚŚĞ ŝŶŇƵĞŶĐĞ
ŽĨ &ƌƂďĞů 'ŝŌƐ ǁŝƚŚŝŶ ƚŚĞ ĚĞƐŝŐŶ ĂŶĚ ĂƌĐŚŝƚĞĐƚƵƌĞ ƚŽ ĞŵƵůĂƚĞ
ĂŶ ĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚ ƚŚĂƚ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚƐ ƉůĂǇ ĂŶĚ ŝŶƋƵŝƌǇ͘ >ŝƩůĞ ^ĐŝĞŶƟƐƚƐ
ĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚĞƐĂƌĞĞŵďĞĚĚĞĚŝŶƚŽƉƌĂĐƟĐĞƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞĐŽͲĐŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƟŽŶ
ŽĨ ŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ ƉĂƌƚŶĞƌƐŚŝƉƐ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶ ĞĚƵĐĂƚŽƌ ĂŶĚ ĐŚŝůĚ͕
ĂŝŵŝŶŐƚŽĞŶƐƵƌĞƚŚĂƚƚŚĞƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĂůĂŶĚƚŚĞŽƌĞƟĐĂůůĞŶƐŽĨ&ƌƂďĞů
ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ŽďƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ͕ ŚǇƉŽƚŚĞƐŝƐ͕ ƌĞĂƐŽŶŝŶŐ͕ ĂŶĚ ĚŝƐĐŽǀĞƌǇ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ
ƉůĂǇ ĂŶĚ ŝŶƋƵŝƌǇ ĂƌĞ ƚŚĞ ĨŽƵŶĚĂƟŽŶƐ ŽĨ ĐƵƌƌŝĐƵůƵŵ ƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ
ŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ͘
There is a broad understanding that society and early childhood

ĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞϭϴϬϬƐŝƐǀĂƐƚůǇĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚƚŽǁŚĂƚǁĞƐĞĞƚŽĚĂǇ͘zĞƚ͕ƚŚĞ
ŝŶŝƟĂůĨŽƵŶĚĂƟŽŶƐŽĨ&ƌƂďĞů͛ƐĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚĞƐĐŽŶƟŶƵĞƚŽŐƵŝĚĞƚŚŝŶŬŝŶŐ
ĂŶĚĐƌŝƟĐĂůƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶ͘tĞĚŽŶŽƚǁŽƌŬŝŶŝƐŽůĂƟŽŶǁŝƚŚƚŚŝƐĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚ͘
ZĂƚŚĞƌ ĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌ ƚŚĞ ŵĂŶǇ ƉĂƐƚ ĂŶĚ ƉƌĞƐĞŶƚ ƚŚĞŽƌŝĞƐ ƚŽ ƉƵƐŚ ƵƐ ƚŽ
ƚŚŝŶŬ ĂďŽƵƚ ĐŽŶƟŶƵĂůůǇ ƌĞͲŝŵĂŐŝŶŝŶŐ ĞĂƌůǇ ĐŚŝůĚŚŽŽĚ ĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ
ĐĂƌĞƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ&ƌƂďĞů͛ƐŬĞǇƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĞƐ͘
REFERENCES
ƐŚďǇ͕'͕͘Θ'ƌŝĞƐŚĂďĞƌ͕^͘;ϭϵϵϲͿ͘ƵůƚƵƌĞĂŶĚĂƌůǇŚŝůĚŚŽŽĚƵƌƌŝĐƵůƵŵŝŶƵƐƚƌĂůŝĂ͘
ĂƌůǇŚŝůĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚĂŶĚĂƌĞ͕ϭϮϯ;ϭͿ͕ϭϮϳͲϭϰϭ͘ĚŽŝ͗ϭϬ͘ϭϬϴϬͬϬϯϬϬϰϰϯϵϲϭϮϯϬϭϬϵ
ĂƌŶĞƐ͕ ^͕͘ ŚĞĞƐĞŵĂŶ͕ ^͕͘ ,ĂƌƌŝƐŽŶ͕ >͕͘ <ĞŶŶĞĚǇ͕ ͕͘ ^ƚŽŶĞŚŽƵƐĞ͕ ͕͘ Θ ^ƵŵƐŝŽŶ͕
:͘ ;ϮϬϬϵͿ͘ /ŶƐŝĚĞƌ ƉĞƌƐƉĞĐƟǀĞƐ ŽŶ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŝŶŐ ĞůŽŶŐŝŶŐ͕ ĞŝŶŐ Θ ĞĐŽŵŝŶŐ͗ dŚĞ
ĂƌůǇ zĞĂƌƐ >ĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ &ƌĂŵĞǁŽƌŬ ĨŽƌ ƵƐƚƌĂůŝĂ͘ ΀ZĞƉŽƌƚ΁͘ ƵƐƚƌĂůĂƐŝĂŶ :ŽƵƌŶĂů ŽĨ ĂƌůǇ
ŚŝůĚŚŽŽĚ͕ϯϰ;ϰͿ͕ϰн͘
ůĂǇƚŽŶ͕͘^͘;ϭϵϱϵͿ͘dŚĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĂůWŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇŽĨ:ŽŚŶĞǁĞǇ͗/ŶWĞƌƐƉĞĐƟǀĞ͘dŚĞWŚŝ
ĞůƚĂ<ĂƉƉĂŶ͕ϰϭ;ϭͿ͕ϭϬͲϭϯ͘ĚŽŝ͗ϭϬ͘ϮϯϬϳͬϮϬϯϰϮϯϭϯ
ůŬŝŶĚ͕ ͘ ;ϭϵϵϳͿ͘ WůĂǇ͛Ɛ ƚŚĞ ƚŚŝŶŐ͘ ZĞǀŝĞǁ ŽĨ EŽƌŵĂŶ ƌŽƐƚĞƌŵĂŶ͛Ɛ ͚/ŶǀĞŶƟŶŐ
<ŝŶĚĞƌŐĂƌƚĞŶ͛͘EĞǁzŽƌŬ͕Ez͗EĞǁzŽƌŬdŝŵĞƐŽŵƉĂŶǇ
&ŽůůĂƌŝ͕>͘;ϮϬϭϭͿ͘&ŽƵŶĚĂƟŽŶƐĂŶĚďĞƐƚƉƌĂĐƟĐĞƐŝŶĞĂƌůǇĐŚŝůĚŚŽŽĚĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ͗,ŝƐƚŽƌǇ͕
ƚŚĞŽƌŝĞƐĂŶĚĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚĞƐƚŽůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ;ϮŶĚĞĚ͘Ϳ͘ŽƐƚŽŶ͗WƌĞŶƟĐĞ,Ăůů
,ŽƌůĂĐŚĞƌ͕Z͘;ϮϬϭϭͿ͘^ĐŚŽŽůŝŶŐĂƐĂŵĞĂŶƐŽĨƉŽƉƵůĂƌĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ͗WĞƐƚĂůŽǌǌŝ͛ƐŵĞƚŚŽĚĂƐ
ĂƉŽƉƵůĂƌĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĞǆƉĞƌŝŵĞŶƚ͘΀ƌƟĐůĞ΁͘WĂĞĚĂŐŽŐŝĐĂ,ŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂ͕ϰϳ;ϭͬϮͿ͕ϲϱͲϳϱ͘ĚŽŝ͗
ϭϬ͘ϭϬϴϬͬϬϬϯϬϵϮϯϬ͘ϮϬϭϬ͘ϱϯϬϮϴϲ
>ŝĞďƐĐŚŶĞƌ͕ :͘ ;ϭϵϵϯͿ͘ ŝŵƐ ŽĨ Ă 'ŽŽĚ ^ĐŚŽŽů͗ dŚĞ ƵƌƌŝĐƵůƵŵ ŽĨ &ƌŝĞĚƌŝĐŚ &ƌŽĞďĞů
ĚŝƚĞĚ ,ŝŐŚůŝŐŚƚƐ ĨƌŽŵ &ƌŽĞďĞů͛Ɛ tƌŝƟŶŐƐ͘ Ŷ /ŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂů :ŽƵƌŶĂů ŽĨ ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĂŶĚ
ĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ͕ϭϰ;ϭͿ͕ϱϰͲϱϳ͘ĚŽŝ͗ϭϬ͘ϭϬϴϬͬϬϵϱϳϱϭϰϵϯϬϭϰϬϭϭϭ
>ƵďǁĂǇ͕:͘;ϮϬϭϮͿ͘ZĞŇĞĐƟŽŶŵƉŽǁĞƌŵĞŶƚĂŶĚWƌĂĐƟĐĞŝŶĂƌůǇŚŝůĚŚŽŽĚ͖'ƌŽǁŝŶŐ
ǁŝƚŚƚĞŚEY&͕z>&͕EY^ΘY/W͘DƚƵƐƟŶ:ŽǇĂŶĚWĞƚĞŽŶƐƵůƟŶŐ͘
Little Scientists is passionate about providing
early childhood educators and teachers with
inquiry-based professional development,
designed to encourage age-appropriate STEM
exploration with children in the early years.
WHO ARE WE?

Little Scientists is a not-for-profit initiative of FROEBEL
Australia, proudly supported by the Australian Government
Department of Education. Across Australia, we offer interactive
in-person, online, and in-service professional development
workshops for early childhood educators and teachers across
10+ exciting pedagogy-based STEM topics including Water,
Optics, and Computer Science!
Our holistic, inquiry-based workshops provide participants

with the tools and concepts to support children in leading
their own research and discovery with everyday materials.
All workshops align with the Early Years Learning Framework.
UPCOMING EVENTS
Little Scientists will be at the 2023 ECA Conference in
October together with our Local Network Partner, Gowrie
SA! Come along and discover how you can benefit from
our unique professional development program.
Find the next STEM
workshop near you!
Scan the QR code to
visit our website:
littlescientists.org.au
PHONE 02 8080 0065

EMAIL [email protected]
WEBSITE LITTLESCIENTISTS.ORG.AU @ LITTLESCIENTISTSAUSTRALIA
TIME’S RULES DON’T
APPLY HERE.
TIME EXPANDS,
THEN CONTRACTS,
ALL IN TUNE WITH
THE STIRRINGS
OF THE HEART
HARUKI MURAKAMI - KAFKA ON THE SHORE (2002)
75
,1)/8(17,$/7+,1.(56
FRIEDRICH NIETZSCHE (1844-1900)

DANIEL FREEMAN, DIRECTOR - SALAMANDER CHILD CARE CENTRE
^ŽŵĞƚŚŝŶŐƚŚĂƚ/ŚĂǀĞďĞĞŶĞŵĞƌƐĞĚŝŶƌĞĐĞŶƚůǇŝƐďĞŝŶŐƚƌƵĞƚŽŵǇƐĞůĨĂŶĚEŝĞƚǌƐĐŚĞ͛ƐƚŚŝŶŬŝŶŐ
ĂƌŽƵŶĚĂƵƚŚĞŶƟĐŝƚǇ͘EŝĞƚǌƐĐŚĞƚĂůŬƐŽĨƚŚĞĐŚĂůůĞŶŐĞƐǁĞĨĂĐĞĂƐŚƵŵĂŶƐĂƐǁĞĐŽŶƐƚĂŶƚůǇƐĞĞŬƚŽ
ĮŶĚŽƵƌǁĂǇĂŵŽŶŐƐƚĂŶŝŶŇƵǆŽĨĞǆƚĞƌŶĂůƉƌĞƐƐƵƌĞƐĂŶĚŝŶŇƵĞŶĐĞƐ͘tĞŽŌĞŶƚƌǇƚŽĐŚĂŶŐĞǁŚŽ
ǁĞĂƌĞŝŶŽƌĚĞƌƚŽĂůŝŐŶǁŝƚŚĞǆƉĞĐƚĂƟŽŶƐŽƌƐŽĐŝĂůŶŽƌŵƐ͘dŚŝƐŽŌĞŶůĞĂǀĞƐƵƐƉƌĞƐĞŶƟŶŐĂƐĂŶ
ŝŵŝƚĂƟŽŶŽĨǁŚŽǁĞĨĞĞůƐŽĐŝĞƚǇǁĂŶƚƐƵƐƚŽďĞ͘
dŚŝƐǁŽƌŬƌĞƐŝĚĞƐǁŝƚŚŵĞĂƚƚŚĞŵŽŵĞŶƚďĞĐĂƵƐĞ͕ĂƐĂůĞĂĚĞƌ͕ǁĞŽŌĞŶŵƵƐƚĚĞĂůǁŝƚŚŽƚŚĞƌ No price is too

ƉĞŽƉůĞ͛Ɛ ŝŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚĂƟŽŶƐ ĂŶĚ ĞǆƉĞĐƚĂƟŽŶƐ ŽĨ ŚŽǁ ƐŝƚƵĂƟŽŶƐ ƐŚŽƵůĚ ďĞ ŚĂŶĚůĞĚ͘ ,ŽǁĞǀĞƌ͕ ǁĞ
ĐĂŶŶŽƚůĞƚŽƵƌƐĞůǀĞƐďĞůĞĚďǇƚŚĞĞǆƉĞĐƚĂƟŽŶƐŽĨŽƚŚĞƌƐ͖ǁĞŵƵƐƚƌĞŵĂŝŶƚƌƵĞƚŽǁŚŽǁĞĂƌĞĂƐ
high to pay for
ƉƌŽĨĞƐƐŝŽŶĂůƐ͖ŽƚŚĞƌǁŝƐĞ͕ǁĞƌŝƐŬĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂŶƵŶƐƵƐƚĂŝŶĂďůĞŝŵŝƚĂƟŽŶŽĨŽƵƌƐĞůǀĞƐ͘ the privilege of
owning yourself
/ƚŝƐŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚƚŽƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚĂŶĚĂĚĚƌĞƐƐƚŚĞĞǆƉĞĐƚĂƟŽŶƐŽĨŽƚŚĞƌƐ͕ĞƐƉĞĐŝĂůůǇƚŚŽƐĞŽĨƚŚĞƉĞŽƉůĞ
Nietzsche
ǇŽƵůĞĂĚ͘,ŽǁĞǀĞƌ͕ǁĞŶĞĞĚƚŽďĞŽƉĞŶĂŶĚŚŽŶĞƐƚĂďŽƵƚǁŚŽǁĞĂƌĞĂŶĚƚŚĞĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚŽƵƌ͚ƚƌƵĞ
ƐĞůĨ͛ǁŝůůƚĂŬĞŝŶŽƌĚĞƌƚŽŵĂŶĂŐĞĂƐŝƚƵĂƟŽŶ͘
/ůŝŬĞƚŽƵŶƉĂĐŬƚŚĞĐŚĂůůĞŶŐĞďĞŝŶŐĨĂĐĞĚĂŶĚƚŚĞŽƵƚĐŽŵĞƚŚĂƚŝƐĚĞƐŝƌĞĚ͘dŚĞŶ/ƉůĂŶŵǇĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚ Become who

ƚŽĂĐŚŝĞǀĞƚŚĞĚĞƐŝƌĞĚƌĞƐƵůƚďĂƐĞĚŽŶǁŚŽ/ĂŵĂƐĂƉĞƌƐŽŶĂŶĚůĞĂĚĞƌ͘dŚŝƐŵŝŐŚƚďĞĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚ you are
ĨƌŽŵƚŚĞǁĂǇŽƚŚĞƌƐĞǆƉĞĐƚŽƌǁĂŶƚǇŽƵƚŽŐŽĂďŽƵƚƚŚŝŶŐƐ͘,ŽǁĞǀĞƌ͕ŝƚŝƐǇŽƵƌƉĂƚŚƚŽƚĂŬĞ͘dĂŬŝŶŐ
Ă ƉĂƚŚ ƚŚĂƚ ĂůŝŐŶƐ ǁŝƚŚ ǇŽƵƌ ŚƵŵĂŶ ŶĂƚƵƌĞ ǁŝůů ĂůůŽǁ ĨŽƌ ŵŽƌĞ ĐŽŶƐŝƐƚĞŶĐǇ ĂŶĚ ƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ
Nietzsche
ŵŽǀŝŶŐĨŽƌǁĂƌĚĂŶĚƐŚŽǁŽƚŚĞƌƐƚŚĂƚŝƚŝƐŽŬĂǇƚŽĨŽĐƵƐŽŶďĞŝŶŐƚƌƵĞƚŽǁŚŽƚŚĞǇĂƌĞ͘
,1)/8(17,$/7+,1.(56
SIR KEN ROBINSON (1950-2020)

SUSAN COOPER, PEDAGOGICAL LEADER, THE SCHOLARS GROUP
dŚƌŽƵŐŚ ŵǇ WĞĚĂŐŽŐŝĐĂů >ĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉ͕ / ĨĞĞů Ă ƉŽǁĞƌĨƵů ƚŽŽů͕ ŝƐ ƚŚĞ ĂďŝůŝƚǇ ƚŽ ŝŶŇƵĞŶĐĞ ĂŶĚ ƐŚŝŌ
ĞĚƵĐĂƚŽƌƐƚŚŝŶŬŝŶŐƚŽŝŶŶŽǀĂƟǀĞǁĂǇƐŽĨǁŽƌŬŝŶŐǁŝƚŚĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͘/ƚĂůůŽǁƐŵĞƚŽƉƵƚŝŶƚŽƉƌĂĐƟĐĞ
ŵǇǀŝƐŝŽŶĂŶĚƌĞŇĞĐƚŵǇƵŶĚĞƌůǇŝŶŐƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇ͘tŽƌŬŝŶŐŝŶƐƵĐŚĂĚŝǀĞƌƐĞƐĞĐƚŽƌ͕ǁĞŶĞĞĚƚŽďĞ
ĞǆƉůŽƌŝŶŐĐŽŶƚĞŵƉŽƌĂƌǇŵĞĂƐƵƌĞƐƚŽƚŚĞǁĂǇǁĞƚĞĂĐŚĂŶĚǁŽƌŬ͘dŚĞƚŚĞŽƌǇŽĨĚŝǀĞƌŐĞŶƚƚŚŝŶŬŝŶŐ
ƌĞĂůůǇ ĂůŝŐŶƐ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ ŶĞĞĚ ƚŽ ĂĚŽƉƚ ĐƌĞĂƟǀĞ ĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚĞƐ ƚŽ ůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ͘ / Ăŵ ŝŶƐƉŝƌĞĚ ďǇ ƚŚĞ >ĂƚĞ
^ŝƌ <ĞŶ ZŽďŝŶƐŽŶ͕ ǁŚŽŵ ǁĂƐ ĂŶ ĂĚǀŽĐĂƚĞ ĨŽƌ ƚƌĂŶƐĨŽƌŵŝŶŐ ĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ͕ ƐŚĂƌŝŶŐ ƚŚĂƚ ǁĞ ŶĞĞĚ ƚŽ
Creativity ͚ĐƵůƟǀĂƚĞĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͛ƐĐƵƌŝŽƐŝƚǇ͕ĐŽŶĮĚĞŶĐĞ͕ĂŶĚƚŚĞŝƌĐƌĞĂƟǀĞƚĂůĞŶƚƐ͛͘dŚŝƐƐƚĞŵƐĐůŽƐĞůǇƚŽWŝĐĂƐƐŽ
is a process ƌĞĨĞƌƌŝŶŐ ƚŽ ĂƐ Ăůů ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ ĂƌĞ ďŽƌŶ ĂƌƟƐƚƐ͘ dŽŽ ŽŌĞŶ ǁŚĞŶ ĞĚƵĐĂƟŶŐ ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͕ ĐƌĞĂƟǀŝƚǇ ŝƐ ŶŽƚ
ĂůǁĂǇƐƚŚĞƉƌŝŵĂƌǇĨŽĐƵƐ͕ĂŶĚŝƚŝƐƚŚĞƌĞĨŽƌĞŽŌĞŶĚŝƐƌĞŐĂƌĚĞĚĂƐĂŶŽƉƉŽƌƚƵŶŝƚǇĨŽƌůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ͘tĞ
to generate
ŶĞĞĚƚŽƐĞĞĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶĨŽƌƚŚĞŝŵĂŐŝŶĂƟŽŶŝŶǁŚŝĐŚƚŚĞǇŚŽůĚĂŶĚƐĞĞƚŚĞŵƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞŝƌǁŚŽůĞ
valuable ideas; ďĞŝŶŐ͘/ĨǁĞĐĂŶƐƵƉƉŽƌƚĂŶĚĚĞǀĞůŽƉĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͛ƐĐĂƉĂďŝůŝƚǇƚŽďĞĐƌĞĂƟǀĞ͕ǁĞǁŝůůƐƚƌĞŶŐƚŚĞŶƚŚĞŝƌ
WKHƪUVWVWHSWR ǁŝůůĂŶĚůŽǀĞƚŽůĞĂƌŶ͘
develop it, is to
/ ĂůƐŽ ƐƚƌŽŶŐůǇ ĂůŝŐŶ ŵǇ ƉƌĂĐƟĐĞ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ īŽƌĚĂŶĐĞ dŚĞŽƌǇ͕ ƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ƌŝĐŚŶĞƐƐ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ
ƪQGZKDWZHśUH ĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂŶĚŝŶƚĞŶƟŽŶĂůŝƚǇ ŽĨƚŚĞĞĚƵĐĂƚŽƌǁŝůů ƐƚƌĞŶŐƚŚĞŶƚŚĞŽƉƉŽƌƚƵŶŝƚǇ ĨŽƌƚŚĞĐŚŝůĚ ƚŽ
truly passionate ĞŶŐĂŐĞ ŝŶ ƚŚĞŝƌ ĐƌĞĂƟǀĞ ĂďŝůŝƚǇ͘ DǇ ďĞůŝĞĨ ŝƐ ƚŚĞƌĞ ŝƐ ŵĂŐŝĐ ŝŶ ^ŝŵŽŶ EŝĐŚŽůƐŽŶ͛Ɛ ;ϭϵϳϭͿ ƚŚĞŽƌǇ͕
about ƉƌŽǀŝĚŝŶŐŝŶƐŝŐŚƚŝŶƚŽŚŽǁĂƚƌƵůǇŵĂŶŝƉƵůĂƟǀĞĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚŝƐƐŽĐŽŶĚƵĐŝǀĞƚŽƉůĂǇĂŶĚĐƌĞĂƟǀĞ
ŽƉƉŽƌƚƵŶŝƟĞƐĨŽƌĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͘
6LU.HQ5RELQVRQ
76
FROM A PRESENTATION TO AN ARTICLE…
WHO LEADS THE LEADER,

WHO MENTORS THE MENTOR,
WHO COACHES THE COACH?
JANE WARNOCK
TUI EARLY LEARNERS NZ
͚͘͘͘ ZŝŐŚƚ ŚĞƌĞ͕ ƌŝŐŚƚ ŶŽǁ ŝƐ ŵǇ ŬŝŶĚ ŽĨ ŚĂƉƉŝŶĞƐƐ͛ ʹ EZ/,/E'KhZZK>͙
These were some of my opening words in my workshop
/Ŷ ŽƵƌ ƌŽůĞƐ ĂƐ ůĞĂĚĞƌƐ͕ ĂƐ ŵĞŶƚŽƌƐ͕ ĂƐ ĐŽĂĐŚĞƐ ǁĞ ĂƌĞ
ƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟŽŶĂƚƚŚĞŵŽƐƚĂͲŵĂͲǌŝŶŐ/E^W/ZŽŶĨĞƌĞŶĐĞ͕
ƐƵƌƌŽƵŶĚĞĚďǇ͚ĂƐƉŝƌŝŶŐůĞĂĚĞĞƐ͕ŵĞŶƚĞĞƐ͕ĐŽĂĐŚĞĞƐ͛ʹƚŚŽƐĞ
^ǇĚŶĞǇ͕ϮϬϮϯ͘tŚǇƚŚĞƐĞǁŽƌĚƐ͍ĞĐĂƵƐĞ͚͘͘͘ƌŝŐŚƚŚĞƌĞ͕
ƚŚĂƚ ŵĂǇ ͚ŚĂŶŐ ŽŶ ŽƵƌ ĞǀĞƌǇ ǁŽƌĚ ĂŶĚ ĂĐƟŽŶ͛͘ tĞ ŚĂǀĞ ĂŶ
ƌŝŐŚƚŶŽǁ͙͛ŵĞĂŶƚƚŚĂƚ/ǁĂƐŝŶŵǇĞůĞŵĞŶƚŝŶďĞŝŶŐ
ŝŶĐƌĞĚŝďůĞ ƌĞƐƉŽŶƐŝďŝůŝƚǇ ƚŽ ͚ŚĂůůĞŶŐĞ ƚŚĞ ƉƌŽĐĞƐƐ͖ /ŶƐƉŝƌĞ Ă
ĂďůĞƚŽƐŚĂƌĞŵǇƐƚŽƌǇĂŶĚĚŝƐƐĞŵŝŶĂƚĞŵǇŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞ͕
ƐŚĂƌĞĚǀŝƐŝŽŶ͖ĞŶĂďůĞŽƚŚĞƌƐƚŽĂĐƚ͖ŵŽĚĞůƚŚĞǁĂǇ͖ĞŶĐŽƵƌĂŐĞ
ŵǇŝŶƐŝŐŚƚƐ͕ĂŶĚŵǇƚĞŶƚĂƟǀĞĮŶĚŝŶŐƐĨƌŽŵŵǇDĂƐƚĞƌƐ
ƚŚĞŚĞĂƌƚ͛;<ŽƵǌĞƐΘWŽƐŶĞƌ͕ĂƐĐŝƚĞĚŝŶ<ĂƚĞŶĞ͕ϮϬϭϬ͕Ɖ͘ϭϯͿ͘
ƐĞůĨͲƐƚƵĚǇŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐǇƚŚĞƐŝƐŽĨ͚tŚŽůĞĂĚƐƚŚĞůĞĂĚĞƌ͕
,ŽǁĞǀĞƌ͕ǁĞŵƵƐƚĂůƐŽƌĞŵĂŝŶŽƉĞŶƚŽƚŚĞĐŽŶƚĞǆƚŽĨ͚ĂŬŽ͛ĂƐ
ǁŚŽŵĞŶƚŽƌƐƚŚĞŵĞŶƚŽƌ͕ǁŚŽĐŽĂĐŚĞƐƚŚĞĐŽĂĐŚ͛͘tŝƚŚ
ŝŶƌĞĐŝƉƌŽĐĂůĂŶĚƌĞƐƉŽŶƐŝǀĞůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐʹĂƐǁĞĐĂŶŐĂŝŶĂƐŵƵĐŚ
ŵǇƐĞůĨͲƐƚƵĚǇƚŚĞƐŝƐďĞŝŶŐƵůƟŵĂƚĞůǇ͚ĂůůĂďŽƵƚŵĞ͛/ŚĂĚ
ĨƌŽŵ ƚŚĞ ͚ĂƐƉŝƌŝŶŐ ůĞĂĚĞĞƐ͕ ŵĞŶƚĞĞƐ͕ ĐŽĂĐŚĞĞƐ͛ ĂƐ ǁĞ ƚƌƵƐƚ
ƚŚŝƐǁŽŶĚĞƌĨƵůŽƉƉŽƌƚƵŶŝƚǇĂƐĂŶŝŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĞƌ
ƚŚĞǇ ŐĂŝŶ ĨƌŽŵ ƵƐ͘ ^Ž͕ ŝŶ ͚tŚŽ ůĞĂĚƐ͕ ŵĞŶƚŽƌƐ ĂŶĚ ĐŽĂĐŚĞƐ
;Ă ƉƌŝǀŝůĞŐĞ ďĞƐƚŽǁĞĚ ƚŽ ŵĞ ĨƌŽŵ ^ĞŵĂŶŶ Θ ^ůĂƩĞƌǇͿ
ƵƐ͍͛WĞƌŚĂƉƐŝƚŝƐƚŚŽƐĞǁŚŽĞŶƌŝĐŚŽƵƌƌŽůĞƐʹƚŚĞůĞĂĚĞĞƐ͕
ĂŶĚ ŚĂŝůŝŶŐ ĨƌŽŵ ŽƚĞĂƌŽĂ͕ EĞǁ ĞĂůĂŶĚ ĂŶĚ ĨƌŽŵ ŵǇ
ƚŚĞŵĞŶƚĞĞƐ͕ƚŚĞĐŽĂĐŚĞĞƐ͍
dƻţĂƌůǇ>ĞĂƌŶĞƌƐ͕ƚŽƐƉĞĂŬĂŶĚďƌŝŶŐĨŽƌǁĂƌĚŵǇƐƚŽƌǇ͕
ĂůƐŽ ĞŶĐŽŵƉĂƐƐŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ĐŽŶƚĞǆƚƐ ŽĨ ůĞĂĚŝŶŐ͕ ŵĞŶƚŽƌŝŶŐ
ĂŶĚ ĐŽĂĐŚŝŶŐ͘ / ƐŚĂƌĞ ƚŚĞ ĨŽůůŽǁŝŶŐ ĂƐ Ă ƐƵŵŵĂƌǇ ĂŶĚ s>hÊ^dZE'd,^͙
ƌĞŇĞĐƟǀĞƉƌŽƐĞĨƌŽŵŵǇƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ͙ tŚĂƚŝƐƐŽŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŝƐŬŶŽǁŝŶŐǇŽƵƌŽǁŶǀĂůƵĞƐĂƐĂůĞĂĚĞƌ͕
ĂŵĞŶƚŽƌ͕ĂĐŽĂĐŚ͘dŚĞƐĂŵĞĐĂŶďĞƐĂŝĚĨŽƌǇŽƵƌƐƚƌĞŶŐƚŚƐ͘
>Z͕DEdKZ͕K,͙ ,ŽǁĞǀĞƌ͕ǁĞĐĂŶďĞŚĞƐŝƚĂŶƚŝŶŽǁŶŝŶŐĂŶĚŶĂŵŝŶŐŽƵƌǀĂůƵĞƐ
ĂŶĚƐƚƌĞŶŐƚŚƐĂŶĚŝŶĐŽŵŵŝƫŶŐƚŽƚŚĞƐĞŝŶŽƵƌĞǀĞƌǇĚĂǇƌŽůĞƐ
^Ž͕ ǁŚŽ ĚŽĞƐ ůĞĂĚ͕ ŵĞŶƚŽƌ ĂŶĚ ĐŽĂĐŚ ĞĂĐŚ ŽĨ ƵƐ ;ĂŶĚ ƚŚŽƐĞ
ŽĨůĞĂĚŝŶŐ͕ŵĞŶƚŽƌŝŶŐĂŶĚĐŽĂĐŚŝŶŐ͘ŽůŝŶĂĐŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞƐƚŚŝƐ
ǁŚŽĂƐƉŝƌĞƚŽͿŝŶƚŚĞƌŽůĞƐŽĨďĞŝŶŐĂůĞĂĚĞƌ͕ĂŵĞŶƚŽƌ͕ĂĐŽĂĐŚ͍
ĂƐǁĞůů͕͚DƵĐŚŚĂƐďĞĞŶǁƌŝƩĞŶĂďŽƵƚƚŚĞďĞŶĞĮƚƐŽĨƵƐŝŶŐŽƵƌ
&ƵƌƚŚĞƌŵŽƌĞ͕ ǁŚǇ ĚŽ / ĂůŝŐŶ ƚŚĞƐĞ ƚŚƌĞĞ ƌŽůĞƐ ƚŽŐĞƚŚĞƌ͍ dŚŝƐ
ƐƚƌĞŶŐƚŚƐ͙ŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐůǇŵĂŶǇŽĨƵƐŚĂǀĞĚŝĸĐƵůƚǇŝĚĞŶƟĨǇŝŶŐ
ĂĚĂƉƚĞĚ ƋƵŽƚĞ ĨƌŽŵ DƵƌƉŚǇ ĂŶĚ dŚŽƌŶƚŽŶ ;ϮϬϭϱͿ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞĚ
ƐƚƌĞŶŐƚŚƐ͛ ;^ůĂƩĞƌǇ͕ ϮϬϮϬͿ͘ / ďĞůŝĞǀĞ ƚŚĂƚ ǁŚĞŶ ǇŽƵ ůŝǀĞ ŝŶƚŽ
ũƵƐƚŽŶĞĐůĂƌŝĮĐĂƟŽŶĨŽƌǁŚǇ/ĐŚŽŽƐĞƚŽĐŽŵďŝŶĞĂƐ/ƐĞĞĞĂĐŚ
ǇŽƵƌǀĂůƵĞƐĂŶĚǇŽƵƌƐƚƌĞŶŐƚŚƐĂŶĚŝŶǁŚĂƚƌĞĂůůǇŵĂƩĞƌƐƚŽ
ĂƐŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚĂƐƚŚĞŽƚŚĞƌ͘ŽĂĐŚŝŶŐŝƐĞƐƐĞŶƟĂůƚŽŵĞŶƚŽƌŝŶŐ͕
ǇŽƵ͕ƚŚĞŶǇŽƵǁŝůůŚĂǀĞĨŽůůŽǁĞƌƐ͚͘KƵƌǀĂůƵĞƐŬĞĞƉƵƐƚƌƵĞƚŽ
ŵĞŶƚŽƌŝŶŐ ŝƐ ĞƐƐĞŶƟĂů ƚŽ ůĞĂĚŝŶŐ͕ ĂŶĚ ůĞĂĚŝŶŐ ŝƐ ĞƐƐĞŶƟĂů ƚŽ
ŽƵƌƐĞůǀĞƐʹǁĞ͛ƌĞǁŝůůŝŶŐƚŽĚŽƐŽŵĞƚŚŝŶŐƵŶĐŽŵĨŽƌƚĂďůĞĂŶĚ
ďŽƚŚŵĞŶƚŽƌŝŶŐĂŶĚĐŽĂĐŚŝŶŐ͘,ŽǁĞǀĞƌ͕ƚŚĞƌĞƐƟůůƌĞŵĂŝŶƐƚŚĞ
ĚĂƌŝŶŐďĞĐĂƵƐĞŽĨŽƵƌďĞůŝĞĨƐ͛;ƌŽǁŶ͕ϮϬϭϴ͕Ɖ͘ϭϴϲͿ͘^ŽďĂĐŬƚŽ
ƋƵĞƐƟŽŶŽĨ͚ǁŚŽůĞĂĚƐ͕ŵĞŶƚŽƌƐ͕ĐŽĂĐŚĞƐ͛ƵƐ͙
ŵǇƚŚĞƐŝƐƋƵĞƐƟŽŶĂŐĂŝŶ͕͚tŚŽůĞĂĚƐƚŚĞůĞĂĚĞƌ͕ǁŚŽŵĞŶƚŽƌƐ
ƚŚĞŵĞŶƚŽƌ͕ǁŚŽĐŽĂĐŚĞƐƚŚĞĐŽĂĐŚ͍͛WĞƌŚĂƉƐŝƚŝƐĂďŽƵƚĞĂĐŚ
d,&K>>KtZ͙
ŽŶĞŽĨƵƐďĞŝŶŐƚƌƵĞƚŽŽƵƌǀĂůƵĞƐĂŶĚƚŽŽƵƌƐƚƌĞŶŐƚŚƐ͍͛
EŽƚƌƵĞƌǁŽƌĚƐĐĂŶďĞƐĂŝĚƚŚĂŶƚŚĞƐĞĨƌŽŵŶƚŚŽŶǇ͚͗/ǁŽƵůĚ
ůŝŬĞƚŽƐƵŐŐĞƐƚƚŚĂƚƚŚĞŵŽƐƚĂƉƉƌŽƉƌŝĂƚĞŝŶĚŝǀŝĚƵĂůƐƚŽŵĞĂƐƵƌĞ Our values keep us true to ourselves – we’re
ƚŚĞ ĞīĞĐƟǀĞŶĞƐƐ ŽĨ ůĞĂĚĞƌƐ ĂƌĞ ŶŽƚ ƚŚĞ ůĞĂĚĞƌƐ ƚŚĞŵƐĞůǀĞƐ
ďƵƚ ƌĂƚŚĞƌ ƚŚĞŝƌ ĨŽůůŽǁĞƌƐ͛ ;^ĞŵĂŶŶ͕ ϮϬϭϯ͕ Ŷ͘Ɖ͘Ϳ͘ KĨ ĐŽƵƌƐĞ͕ /
willing to do something uncomfortable and
ĂůƐŽ ƐƵŐŐĞƐƚŶŽƚ ũƵƐƚůĞĂĚĞƌƐ ďƵƚĂůƐŽ ŵĞŶƚŽƌƐ ĂŶĚ ĐŽĂĐŚĞƐ ʹ daring because of our beliefs
ǁŚĞƌĞďǇĞĂĐŚŽĨƚŚĞƐĞƌŽůĞƐŵƵƐƚŚĂǀĞĨŽůůŽǁĞƌƐ͘^ŽƉĞƌŚĂƉƐŝƚ %URZQS
ŝƐƚŚĞĨŽůůŽǁĞƌǁŚŽůĞĂĚƐ͕ŵĞŶƚŽƌƐĂŶĚĐŽĂĐŚĞƐƵƐ͍
77
Z/d/>&Z/E^^,>>E'Z^͙
tŝƚŚ ŵǇ ƐƚƵĚǇ͕ ŚĂǀŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ĨŽĐƵƐ ŽĨ Ă ƐĞůĨͲƐƚƵĚǇ
ŵĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐǇ ĂŶĚ ďĞŝŶŐ Ăůů ĂďŽƵƚ ŵĞ͕ ǁŚĂƚ ŝƐ
ŝŵƉĞƌĂƟǀĞ ŝƐ ƚŚĂƚ / ŚĂǀĞ͗ Ă ĐƌŝƟĐĂů ĨƌŝĞŶĚ ƐƉĂĐĞ ƚŽ
ƚƌƵůǇ ƌĞŇĞĐƚ ŽŶ ŵǇ ƉƌĂĐƟĐĞ͖ ĂŶ ĞǆƚĞƌŶĂů ĐƌŝƟƋƵĞ
ĂůŽŶŐƐŝĚĞŵǇŽǁŶŝŶŶĞƌŝŶƚĞƌŶĂůĐƌŝƟƋƵĞ͖ĂŶĚĞŶƐƵƌĞ
ƚŚĂƚŝŶĂůůŽĨŵǇdĞZŝƚŽDĂŝŽŚĂƐƚƵĚǇ͕ƉƌĂĐƟĐĞĂŶĚ
ĚŝƐĐƵƐƐŝŽŶƐ ƚŚĂƚ ƚŚĞƌĞ ŝƐ ͚ĐŽůůĂďŽƌĂƟŽŶ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶ
ŝŶƐŝĚĞƌĂŶĚŽƵƚƐŝĚĞƌ͛;ĂƐŬĞƌǀŝůůĞΘ'ŽůĚďůĂƩ͕ϮϬϬϵͿ͘
,ĂǀŝŶŐĂĐƌŝƟĐĂůĨƌŝĞŶĚĞŶƐƵƌĞƐƚŚĂƚ/ŵƵƐƚďĞŽƉĞŶ
ƚŽĨĞĞĚďĂĐŬŝŶĂůůŝƚƐ͚ƐŚĂƉĞƐĂŶĚĨŽƌŵƐ͛ĂŶĚďĞĂďůĞ
ƚŽƌĞĨƌĂŵĞĂŶĚƚŚŝŶŬĐƌŝƟĐĂůůǇŝŶŵǇƌŽůĞĂƐĂůĞĂĚĞƌ͕
ĂŵĞŶƚŽƌ͕ĂĐŽĂĐŚ͘dŚĞƌĞĨŽƌĞ͕ŝŶǁŚŽůĞĂĚƐ͕ŵĞŶƚŽƌƐ
ĂŶĚ ĐŽĂĐŚĞƐ ƵƐ͕ ƉĞƌŚĂƉƐ ŝƚ ŝƐ ƚŚĞ ĐƌŝƟĐĂů ĨƌŝĞŶĚƐ ĂƐ
ĐŚĂůůĞŶŐĞƌƐ͘
^Ž͕ ĨƌŽŵ ƚŚĞ ƐƚŽƌǇ ƚŚĂƚ / ƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĞĚ ĂŶĚ ŝŶ ďƌŝŶŐŝŶŐ

ĞǀĞƌǇƚŚŝŶŐ ƚŽŐĞƚŚĞƌ͕ / ĐĂŵĞ ƚŽ ƌĞĂůŝƐĞ ƚŚĂƚ / ůĞĂĚ
ŵĞ͕ / ŵĞŶƚŽƌ ŵĞ͕ / ĐŽĂĐŚ ŵĞ ʹ ũƵƐƚ ůŝŬĞ ʹ ǇŽƵ ůĞĂĚ
ǇŽƵ͕ǇŽƵŵĞŶƚŽƌǇŽƵ͕ǇŽƵĐŽĂĐŚǇŽƵ͘,ŽǁĞǀĞƌ͕/ĂůƐŽ
ƌĞĂůŝƐĞĚƚŚĂƚƚŚĞƌĞĂƌĞŶŽ͚WĞƌŚĂƉƐ͛ĂŶĚŝŶĂŶƐǁĞƌŝŶŐ
Being a leader as coach,

ƚŚĞƋƵĞƐƟŽŶ͚tŚŽůĞĂĚƐƚŚĞůĞĂĚĞƌ͕ǁŚŽŵĞŶƚŽƌƐƚŚĞ
ŵĞŶƚŽƌ͕ǁŚŽĐŽĂĐŚĞƐƚŚĞĐŽĂĐŚ͍͛tĞĐĂŶŶŽƚĚŽƚŚŝƐ
ŽŶ ŽƵƌ ŽǁŶ͘ tĞ ŶĞĞĚ ƚŚĞ ĨŽůůŽǁĞƌƐ͖ tĞ ŶĞĞĚ ƚŚĞ
ŵĞŶƚĞĞƐ͕ƚŚĞĐŽĂĐŚĞĞƐ͕ƚŚĞůĞĂĚĞƌƐǁŚŽĞŶƌŝĐŚŽƵƌ
you empower others and
ƌŽůĞƐ͖tĞŶĞĞĚƚŽůŝǀĞƚŽƚŚŽƐĞǀĂůƵĞƐĂŶĚƐƚƌĞŶŐƚŚƐ yourself at the same time.
ƚŚĂƚǁĞƚƌƵůǇŝĚĞŶƟĨǇǁŝƚŚ͕ĂŶĚǁĞŶĞĞĚƚŚŽƐĞĐƌŝƟĐĂů
ĨƌŝĞŶĚƐ ĂƐ ĐŚĂůůĞŶŐĞƌƐ ƚŽ ŵŽƟǀĂƚĞ͕ ŝŶƐƉŝƌĞ͕ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞ It is a win-win
ƌĞĂůŝƚǇ͕ŐŝǀĞŽƉƉŽƌƚƵŶŝƟĞƐĂŶĚĞǀĞŶĐƌĞĂƚĞĨĂŶƚĂƐǇĨŽƌ -DQH:DUQRFN
ƵƐĂƐůĞĂĚĞƌƐ͕ĂƐŵĞŶƚŽƌƐ͕ĂƐĐŽĂĐŚĞƐ͘
Ɛ / ƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĞĚ ŵǇ ƐƚŽƌǇ͕ / ĂŝŵĞĚ ƚŽ ŝŶƐƉŝƌĞ ĞĂĐŚ

ĂŶĚ ĞǀĞƌǇ ƉĞƌƐŽŶ ƚŚĂƚ ĂƩĞŶĚĞĚ ;ϭϯϬ ŽĨ ǇŽƵͿ ʹ
ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐ ŵǇ ĞďŽƌĂŚ͕ ŽƵƌ ŚƌŝƐƐǇ ĂŶĚ ŽƵƌ ŽůŝŶ͊
dŚĞŐĞŶĞƌŽƐŝƚǇ͕ƚŚĞĐĂŵĂƌĂĚĞƌŝĞ͕ƚŚĞƋƵĞƐƟŽŶƐ͕ƚŚĞ
ĨĞĞĚďĂĐŬƚŚĂƚ/ƌĞĐĞŝǀĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ
ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƵŶƟůƚŚĞĞŶĚŽĨƚŚĞŽŶĨĞƌĞŶĐĞǁŝůůƐƚĂǇǁŝƚŚ
ŵĞĨŽƌĞǀĞƌ͘/ďĞĐĂŵĞƐŽŝŶƐƉŝƌĞĚŝŶŬŶŽǁŝŶŐƚŚĂƚŵǇ
DĂƐƚĞƌƐƐƚŽƌǇďĞĐĂŵĞƐŽƌŝĐŚŝŶďĞŝŶŐĂďůĞƚŽƐŚĂƌĞ
ĂŵŽŶŐƐƚĂůůĂƚƚŚĞĐŽŶĨĞƌĞŶĐĞĂŶĚŶŽǁƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚŝƐ
ĂƌƟĐůĞ͘ dŽ ƚŚĞ ĞŶƟƌĞ ^ĞŵĂŶŶ Θ ^ůĂƩĞƌǇ ƚĞĂŵ͕ ƚŚĞ
ŵĂŶĂĂŬŝƚĂŶŐĂ ;ŚŽƐƟŶŐ ĂŶĚ ƐŝŶĐĞƌŝƚǇͿ ƚŚĂƚ ŚĂƐ ďĞĞŶ
ďĞƐƚŽǁĞĚ ŽŶ ŵĞ ĨƌŽŵ ďĞŐŝŶŶŝŶŐ ƚŽ ĞŶĚ͕ / ĐĂŶŶŽƚ
ƚŚĂŶŬ ǇŽƵ ĞŶŽƵŐŚ͘ / ůŽŽŬ ĨŽƌǁĂƌĚ ƚŽ ƌĞĐŝƉƌŽĐĂƟŶŐ
ƚŚŝƐǁŚĞŶĞǀĞƌǇŽƵĐŽŵĞƚŽŽƚĞĂƌŽĂEĞǁĞĂůĂŶĚ͘
/ǁŝůůďĞďĂĐŬĨŽƌŝŶƐƉŝƌĞϮϬϮϱ͘
dŽǀŝĞǁ:ĂŶĞ͛Ɛ/E^W/ZϮϬϮϯWƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ
WWd͕ƌĞĨĞƌĞŶĐĞƐĂŶĚĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐ
<ĂŬŝƚĞĂŶŽ͕ǁŝůůƐĞĞǇŽƵĂŐĂŝŶ͕:ĂŶĞtĂƌŶŽĐŬ
78
ON THEORISTS &
PHILOSOPHERS
>ŝůůŝĂŶ>ŽŐĂŶ;ϭϵϯϲʹϮϬϮϯͿ
LEANNE LOGAN
STORYTELLING AT YOUR SERVICE
,Žǁ ŽŌĞŶ ĚŽ ǁĞ ĐŽŶƐĐŝŽƵƐůǇ ƚŚŝŶŬ ĂďŽƵƚ ĞĂƌůǇ ĐŚŝůĚŚŽŽĚ ŶĚ ĚƵƌŝŶŐ ŵǇ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĨŽƌ ƚŚŝƐ ĂƌƟĐůĞ͕ ǁŚĞŶ / ŐŽŽŐůĞĚ ƚŚĞ
ƚŚĞŽƌǇĂŶĚƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇ͍ŽǁĞŐŝǀĞŝƚƚŚŽƵŐŚƚĂƐǁĞƵƉĚĂƚĞ ƌŽŽƚ ĚĞĮŶŝƟŽŶ ŽĨ ƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇ͗ Ă ĐŽŵďŝŶĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ ƚǁŽ 'ƌĞĞŬ
ŽƵƌY/W͍ŽǁĞďƌƵƐŚƵƉďĞĨŽƌĞƚŚĞŶĞǆƚĂƐƐĞƐƐŽƌ͛ƐǀŝƐŝƚ͍Kƌ ǁŽƌĚƐ ʹ ͚ƉŚŝůĞŝŶ ƐŽƉŚŝĂ͛ ʹ ŵĞĂŶŝŶŐ ͚ůŽǀĞƌ ŽĨ ǁŝƐĚŽŵ͕͛ ǁĞůů͕
ŝƐŝƚĂĚĞĞƉĚŝǀĞŝŶǁŚĞŶƐǁĂƫŶŐƚŽďĞĐŽŵĞŽƵƌĐĞŶƚƌĞ͛ƐŶĞǁ ƚŚĂƚĚĞĮŶŝƟŽŶƐĂƚǁĞůůǁŝƚŚŵĞĨŽƌǁŚŽŵǇDƵŵǁĂƐ͘
ĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĂůůĞĂĚĞƌ͍
DǇ ŵŽƚŚĞƌ͛Ɛ ƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇ ǁĂƐ ŝŶĐůƵƐŝǀĞ͕ ĞǆƉĂŶƐŝǀĞ͕ ŶŽŶͲ
/͛ĚůŝŬĞƚŽƉŽƐŝƟŽŶƚŚĂƚǁĞƉƌŽďĂďůǇĚŽĂůůŽĨƚŚĞĂďŽǀĞĂŶĚ ũƵĚŐĞŵĞŶƚĂů ĂŶĚ ƵůƟŵĂƚĞůǇ ůĂĐĞĚ ǁŝƚŚ ƌĞƐƉĞĐƚ ĂŶĚ ůŽǀŝŶŐ
ĂůŽƚŵŽƌĞͲƚŚĞůĂƩĞƌƉŽƐƐŝďůǇƵŶďĞŬŶŽǁŶƚŽƵƐ͘&ŽƌǁŚŝůĞ ĂƵƚŚŽƌŝƚǇ͘ &Žƌ ƚŚĞ ĮǀĞ ĚĂǇƐ / ƐĂƚ ďǇ ŚĞƌ ŚŽƐƉŝƚĂů ďĞĚ ĂƐ ƐŚĞ
WŝĂŐĞƚ͕ sǇŐŽƚƐŬǇ͕ ƌŝĐŬƐŽŶ͕ zƵŶŬĂƉŽƌƚĂ͕ /ŶŐŽůĚ͕ <ŽůďĞ ĂŶĚ ĚŝĞĚ͕/ŵĂƌǀĞůůĞĚĂƚŚĞƌŐƌĂĐŝŽƵƐĂĐĐĞƉƚĂŶĐĞŽĨƚŚĞŚĞƌĞĂŶĚ
ƚŚĞƌĞƐƚŽĨƚŚĞďŝŐŶĂŵĞƐƐŚĂƉĞŽƵƌƚŚŝŶŬŝŶŐƚŚƌŽƵŐŚŽƵƚŽƵƌ ŶŽǁ͕ĂŶĚŚĞƌĂďŝůŝƚǇƚŽŵĂŬĞŵĞůĂƵŐŚǁŚĞŶĂůů/ǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽ
ĐĂƌĞĞƌƐ ĂƐ ĞĚƵĐĂƚŽƌƐ͕ ƐŽ ƚŽŽ ĚŽ ŵĂŶǇ ŵŽƌĞ ƉĞŽƉůĞ͕ ƉĞŽƉůĞ ĚŽǁĂƐĐƌǇ͘
ǁŚŽƐĞŶĂŵĞƐĂƌĞŬŶŽǁŶƚŽĨĞǁďƵƚǁŚŽƐĞƚŚĞŽƌŝĞƐĂŶĚŝĚĞĂƐ
ĂŶĚƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĞƐƚŽƵĐŚŽƵƌůŝǀĞƐŝŶǁĂǇƐǁŚŝĐŚĂƌĞĚĞĞƉĂŶĚ ĂǇƐůĂƚĞƌ͕ƚŽŚŽŶŽƵƌDƵŵĂƐƐŚĞǁĂƐĐƌĞŵĂƚĞĚ͕/ƐĂŶŐƚŽĂ
ƉƌŽĨŽƵŶĚ͕ĂŶĚƐŽŵĞƟŵĞƐůŝĨĞĐŚĂŶŐŝŶŐ͘ ĐůĂƐƐŽĨzĞĂƌϲΘϳƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐĂƚĂƐĐŚŽŽůǁŚĞƌĞ/ǁŽƌŬ͘dŚĞƐŽŶŐ/
ĐŚŽƐĞǁĂƐ͚ĂǇŝŶŝ͕͛ǁƌŝƩĞŶďǇƐŝŶŐĞƌ͕ƐŽŶŐǁƌŝƚĞƌĂŶĚŵƵƐŝĐŝĂŶ͕
dŚĞ ĨŽůůŽǁŝŶŐ ƚǁŽ ƐƚŽƌŝĞƐ ʹ ͚Ŷ hŶŬŶŽǁŶ WŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚĞƌ͛ ĂŶĚ 'ƵƌƌƵŵƵů͘/ŶƚŚĞŝŶƚƌŽĚƵĐƟŽŶƚŽƚŚŝƐƐŽŶŐ͕'ƵƌƌƵŵƵůǁƌŝƚĞƐ͗
͚dŚĞĂƐŚŝŶĞƚǁĞĞŶ͛ͲƌĞŇĞĐƚŵǇƚŚŝŶŬŝŶŐ͘ ͚zŽůŶƵ ĂƌĞ ĚĞĞƉ ƚŚŝŶŬŝŶŐ͕ ƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĂů ƉĞŽƉůĞƐ͘ dŚĞ ǁŽƌĚƐ
͚ǇĂƌƌĂƌƌĂ͛ǇƵŶ͛ƌĞĨĞƌƐƚŽŵĂŶǇĨĂŵŝůŝĞƐƐŝƫŶŐƚŽŐĞƚŚĞƌŽŶďĞĂĐŚ
ůŽŽŬŝŶŐƚŽƚŚĞǁĂǀĞƐĂŶĚƐĞĂ͕ƚŚĞŚŽƌŝǌŽŶ͕ĐŽŶƚĞŵƉůĂƟŶŐ͛͘
AN UNKNOWN PHILOSOPHER
dŚĞĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶƋƵŝĞƚůǇĐƌŝĞĚĂƐ/ƐĂŶŐ͘ŶĚǁŚĞŶƚŚĞǇŚŽŶŽƵƌĞĚ
DǇ ŵŽƚŚĞƌ͕ :ƵŶĞ >ŝůůŝĂŶ >ŽŐĂŶ ;ϭϵϯϲ ʹ ϮϬϮϯͿ͕ ǁĂƐ ŵǇ ĮƌƐƚ ŵǇŵŽƚŚĞƌďǇƐŝŶŐŝŶŐĂƐŽŶŐŝŶƌĞƚƵƌŶ͕/ĐƌŝĞĚƚŽŽ͘
ƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚĞƌ͘^ŚĞďĞĐĂŵĞƚŚĂƚƚŚĞĚĂǇƐŚĞĐŽŶĐĞŝǀĞĚŵĞĂŶĚ͕
ĂůƚŚŽƵŐŚƐŚĞĚŝĞĚŝŶDĂƌĐŚƚŚŝƐǇĞĂƌ͕/ƉƌĞĚŝĐƚƐŚĞǁŝůůĂĐƟǀĞůǇ dŚĞŽƌŝƐƚƐ ĂŶĚ ƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚĞƌƐ ĐŽŵĞ ŝŶ Ăůů ƐŚĂƉĞƐ ĂŶĚ ƐŝǌĞƐ͕
ƌĞŵĂŝŶ ŵǇ ĮƌƐƚ ƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚĞƌ ƵŶƟů ƚŚĞ ĚĂǇ / ĚŝĞ͘ &Žƌ ĞǀĞŶ ŝŶ ƐĞŶƟĞŶƚ ĂŶĚ ŽƚŚĞƌ͘ ^ŽŵĞ ĂƌĞ ǁĞůů ŬŶŽǁŶ͕ ŵĂŶǇ ŶŽƚ͘ ZŽĐŬƐ
ĚĞĂƚŚ͕ƐŚĞŝƐƐƟůůƚĞĂĐŚŝŶŐŵĞ͘ ŚĂǀĞ ǁŝƐĚŽŵ͘ dƌĞĞƐ ƐƉĞĂŬ͘ &ĂŵŝůŝĞƐ ƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝƐĞ͘ ŚŝůĚƌĞŶ
/ ǁŽƌŬ ǁŝƚŚ ŝŶ ƐƚŽƌǇƚĞůůŝŶŐ ŐŝǀĞ ǀŽŝĐĞ ƚŽ ŝĚĞĂƐ͕ ƚŚŽƵŐŚƚƐ ĂŶĚ
tĞĂůůŬŶŽǁ͕ĂƐĞĂƌůǇĐŚŝůĚŚŽŽĚĞĚƵĐĂƚŽƌƐ͕ƚŚĂƚĨĂŵŝůŝĞƐĂƌĞ ƚŚĞŽƌŝĞƐƚŚĂƚĂƚƟŵĞƐůĞĂǀĞŵĞƉŽŶĚĞƌŝŶŐĚĞĞƉůǇ͘
ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͛ƐĮƌƐƚƚĞĂĐŚĞƌƐ͘DǇŵŽƚŚĞƌŶŽƚŽŶůǇƐŚŽǁĞĚŵĞ͕Ăƚ
ƚŚĞĂŐĞŽĨĮǀĞ͕ŚŽǁƚŽĐĂƌĞĨƵůůǇĐĂƌƌǇĨŽƵƌŐůĂƐƐďŽƩůĞƐŽĨŵŝůŬ /ǁŽŶĚĞƌŝĨŵǇŽǁŶĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͕ĂŶĚƚŚĞŵĂŶǇŽƚŚĞƌƐƚŚĂƚ/͛ǀĞ
ͲǁŝƚŚƚŚĞŝƌŐŽůĚĐĂƉƐĂŶĚŝŶĐŚͲƚŚŝĐŬůĂǇĞƌŽĨĐƌĞĂŵͲƵƉŽƵƌ ŚĂĚƚŚĞŚŽŶŽƵƌŽĨǁŽƌŬŝŶŐǁŝƚŚŽǀĞƌŶĞĂƌůǇƚǁŽĚĞĐĂĚĞƐ͕ǁŝůů
ƐƚĞĞƉ ĂŶĚ ƐůŝƉƉĞƌǇ ĨƌŽŶƚ ƐƚĞƉƐ ;/͛Ě ƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵůůǇ ƐŵĂƐŚĞĚ Ăůů ƌĞŇĞĐƚŽŶŵĞǁŚĞŶ/ƉĂƐƐ͕ĂƐĂƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚĞƌĂƐǁĞůůĂƐĂDƵŵ
ƚŚĞ ďŽƩůĞƐ ƚŚĞ ĚĂǇ ďĞĨŽƌĞͿ͕ ďƵƚ ƐŝĚĞͲďǇͲƐŝĚĞ ƐŚĞ ƚĂƵŐŚƚ ŵĞ ĂŶĚĂŶĞĚƵĐĂƚŽƌĂŶĚĂƐƚŽƌǇƚĞůůĞƌ͍
ƚŽĚƌĞĂŵďŝŐ͕ůŝǀĞǁĞůů͕ĐĂƌĞĨŽƌŽƚŚĞƌƐĂŶĚƚŚĞĂƌƚŚ͕ĐƌŝƟĐĂůůǇ
ƌĞŇĞĐƚĂŶĚŬĞĞƉůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ͘^ŚĞǁĂƐŶŽƚŽŶůǇŵǇĮƌƐƚƚĞĂĐŚĞƌ KŶůǇƟŵĞǁŝůůƚĞůů͘ŶĚƚŚĞĨĂĐƚƚŚĂƚƟŵĞŝƐĂƚƚŚĞǀĞƌǇŚĞĂƌƚ
ĂŶĚƚŚĞŽƌŝƐƚĂŶĚƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚĞƌ͕ƐŚĞǁĂƐŵǇĮƌƐƚůŽǀĞ͘ ŽĨƚŚĞŽƌǇĂŶĚƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇ͕ǁĞůů͕ƚŚĂƚƐŝƚƐŶŝĐĞůǇǁŝƚŚŵĞ͕ƚŽŽ͘
79
THE DASH IN BETWEEN
/ǁĂƐƚĂůŬŝŶŐ͚ůŝĨĞ͛ǁŝƚŚĂƉƌĞƐĐŚŽŽůĚŝƌĞĐƚŽƌĨƌŝĞŶĚƌĞĐĞŶƚůǇĂƚ
ƚŚĞĞŶĚŽĨĂƐƚŽƌǇƚĞůůŝŶŐƐĞƐƐŝŽŶ͘tĞǁĞƌĞƐŚĂƌŝŶŐƚŚĞŝŶƟŵĂƚĞ
ŵŽŵĞŶƚƐŽĨĚĞĂƚŚƚŚĂƚŚĂĚĐŽŵĞƚŽďŽƚŚŽĨƵƐƚŚŝƐǇĞĂƌ͘DǇ
ĞǇĞƐďƌŝŵŵĞĚǁŝƚŚƚĞĂƌƐĂƐ/ƚŽůĚŚĞƌĂďŽƵƚƚŚĞƵŶĞǆƉĞĐƚĞĚ
ƉĂƐƐŝŶŐŽĨŵǇŵŽƚŚĞƌ͘,ĞƌĞǇĞƐŝŶƚƵƌŶŐůŝƐƚĞŶĞĚĂƐƐŚĞƐŚĂƌĞĚ
Ă ƐƚŽƌǇ ĂďŽƵƚ ůĞƫŶŐ ŐŽ ŽĨ ŚĞƌ ͚ǇŽƵŶŐĞƐƚ ĐŚŝůĚ͕͛ ƚŚĞ ĨĂŵŝůǇ͛Ɛ
ϭϲͲǇĞĂƌͲŽůĚŐŽůĚĞŶƌĞƚƌŝĞǀĞƌ͘
^ŚĞ ƐƵĚĚĞŶůǇ ƐĂŝĚ͗ ‘I’ve always thought - there’s birth and

there’s death, and then there’s the dash in between. The dash
is our story. Make it a good one.’
/ƚǁĂƐƐƵĐŚĂĐŽŶĐŝƐĞĂŶĚŝŶƐŝŐŚƞƵůĐŽŵŵĞŶƚ͕ƚŚĂƚŝƚƚŽŽŬŵĞ
Ă ĨĞǁ ƐĞĐŽŶĚƐ ƚŽ ƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚ͘ ͞dŚĞ ĚĂƐŚ ƵƐƵĂůůǇ ĨĞĞůƐ ůŝŬĞ Ă
ϭϬϬŵƐƉƌŝŶƚƚŽŵĞ͊͟/ƋƵŝƉƉĞĚ͕ƚŚŝŶŬŝŶŐĂďŽƵƚŵǇĮǀĞĚĞĐĂĚĞƐ
ĂŶĚŚŽǁƚŚĞǇŚĂĚŶŽƚŽŶůǇǌŽŽŵĞĚďǇďƵƚŬĞƉƚŐĞƫŶŐĨĂƐƚĞƌ͘
/ƚ ǁĂƐ ŽŶůǇ ĂƐ / ĚƌŽǀĞ ŚŽŵĞ ƚŚĂƚ / ƌĞĂůŝƐĞĚ /͛Ě ƉƌŽďĂďůǇ
ŵŝƐƵŶĚĞƌƐƚŽŽĚŚĞƌǁŽƌĚƐ͘WĞƌŚĂƉƐŝƚǁĂƐŶ͛ƚĂƉŚǇƐŝĐĂůĚĂƐŚʹ
ƌƵŶŶŝŶŐƐŽŵĞǁŚĞƌĞŝŶĂŐƌĞĂƚŚƵƌƌǇʹƚŚĂƚƐŚĞŵĞĂŶƚ͕ďƵƚƚŚĞ
ƟŶǇ ƐƚƌĂŝŐŚƚ ůŝŶĞ ƚŚĂƚ ƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞƐ ƚǁŽ ǁƌŝƩĞŶ ƚŚŝŶŐƐ͕ ƵƐĞĚ ĂƐ
ĂŶŝŶƚĞƌũĞĐƟŽŶŽƌĂƉĂƵƐĞ͘dŚĞŵĂƌŬǁĞƵƐĞǁŚĞŶƐĞƉĂƌĂƟŶŐ
ƐŽŵĞŽŶĞ͛ƐďŝƌƚŚĂŶĚĚĞĂƚŚĚĂƚĞƐ͘dŚĞĚĂƐŚŝŶďĞƚǁĞĞŶ͘
,ŽǁŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƟŶŐƚŚĂƚƐŽŵĞƚŚŝŶŐĐŽƵůĚďĞŝŶƚĞƌƉƌĞƚĞĚŝŶƚǁŽ
ƚŽƚĂůůǇĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚǁĂǇƐ͕ĂŶĚǇĞƚƐƟůůŵĂŬĞŵĞĂŶŝŶŐ͘
^ŽŽŶ ĂŌĞƌ͕ ĂŶŽƚŚĞƌ ůŽĐĂů ƉƌĞƐĐŚŽŽů ĚŝƌĞĐƚŽƌ ƐĂŝĚ ƐŽŵĞƚŚŝŶŐ

ƚŚĂƚĂůƐŽŐŽƚŵĞƚŚŝŶŬŝŶŐ͚͘/ƐŝƚďĞĐĂƵƐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐƉĂĐĞŝƚ͛ƐŝŶ͍͛
ŚĞĂƐŬĞĚ͘
/Ŷ ƚŽĚĂǇ͛Ɛ ǁŽƌůĚ͕ ĞĂƌůǇ ĐŚŝůĚŚŽŽĚ ĐĞŶƚƌĞƐ ŚĂǀĞ ďĞĐŽŵĞ

ƐĂŶĐƚƵĂƌŝĞƐ͘dŚĞǇĂƌĞŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚƐƉĂĐĞƐ͘ŶĚǁŚĂƚŝƐƚŚŽƵŐŚƚ
ĂďŽƵƚĂŶĚƉƌĂĐƟĐĞĚǁŝƚŚŝŶƚŚĞŵŝƐǀŝƚĂůƚŽǁŚĞƌĞǁĞŐŽŶĞǆƚ͘
I’ve always thought -
^Ž͚dŚĂŶŬzŽƵ͛ƚŽƚŚĞƚŚĞŽƌŝƐƚƐĂŶĚƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚĞƌƐĂŶĚĨĂŵŝůŝĞƐ there’s birth and there’s
and friends and preschool directors and educators and
ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶǁŚŽĐŽŶƟŶƵĞƚŽŚĞůƉŝŶĨŽƌŵŵǇƚŚŝŶŬŝŶŐ͕ƐŚĂƉĞŵǇ
death, and then there’s
ƐƉĂĐĞƐĂŶĚĞǀŽůǀĞŵǇĚĂƐŚ͊/ƚ͛ƐĂďŝŐĂŶĚŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚũŽďƚŚĂƚ the dash in between.
ǁĞĚŽŝŶĞĂƌůǇĐŚŝůĚŚŽŽĚ͘ŶĚƚŽĚŽŝƚǁĞůů͕ǁĞŶĞĞĚŶŽƚŽŶůǇ The dash is our story.
ƚŚĞƐƵƉƉŽƌƚŽĨƚŚĞďŝŐŶĂŵĞƐŝŶƚŚĞŽƌǇĂŶĚƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇ͕ďƵƚ
ĂůƐŽƚŚĞƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚĞƌƐƚŚĂƚŽŶůǇǇŽƵŽƌ/ŵŝŐŚƚŬŶŽǁ͘ Make it a good one.
80
WHO TEACHES WHOM

THE POWER OF ‘GOGY’
MICHELLE WALKER
SEMANN & SLATTERY
tĞ͛ǀĞĂůůŚĞĂƌĚƚŚĞƐĂǇŝŶŐ͚ǇŽƵĐĂŶ͛ƚƚĞĂĐŚĂŶŽůĚĚŽŐŶĞǁ ŶĚƌĂŐŽŐǇĂŶĚ,ĞƵƚĂŐŽŐǇ͗
ƚƌŝĐŬƐ͛͘tŚŝůĞŝƚƐƵŐŐĞƐƚƐƚŚĂƚŽůĚĞƌŝŶĚŝǀŝĚƵĂůƐƌĞƐŝƐƚĐŚĂŶŐĞ͕Ă tŚĞŶŝƚĐŽŵĞƐƚŽƚĞĂĐŚŝŶŐ͕ǁĞŽŌĞŶƚŚŝŶŬĂďŽƵƚWĞĚĂŐŽŐǇ͕
ĚĞĞƉĞƌĞǆĂŵŝŶĂƟŽŶƌĞǀĞĂůƐƚŚĂƚŝƚŝƐŵŽƌĞĂďŽƵƚƚŚĞŝƌůĂĐŬŽĨ ǁŚŝĐŚ ĨŽĐƵƐĞƐ ŽŶ ĞĚƵĐĂƟŶŐ ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͘ ,ŽǁĞǀĞƌ͕ ĨŽƌ ĂĚƵůƚƐ͕
ŵŽƟǀĂƟŽŶƚŽůĞĂƌŶ͘:ƵƐƚůŝŬĞŵǇĂǀĞƌƐŝŽŶƚŽďĂŬŝŶŐďŝƌƚŚĚĂǇ ƚŚĞ ƚŚĞŽƌŝĞƐ ŽĨ ŶĚƌĂŐŽŐǇ ĂŶĚ ,ĞƵƚĂŐŽŐǇ ĐŽŵĞ ŝŶƚŽ ƉůĂǇ͘
ĐĂŬĞƐ͕/͛ŵŶŽƚĂĐŚĞĨĂŶĚŚĂǀĞŶŽĚĞƐŝƌĞƚŽďĞŽŶĞ͘/͛ĚƌĂƚŚĞƌ ŶĚƌĂŐŽŐǇ͕ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉĞĚ ďǇ DĂůĐŽůŵ <ŶŽǁůĞƐ͕ ĞŵƉŚĂƐŝƐĞƐ
ƐǁŝŶŐ ďǇ tŽŽůůŝĞƐ ĂŶĚ ƉŝĐŬ ƵƉ Ă ĐůĂƐƐŝĐ ŵƵĚ ĐĂŬĞ͘ ŽĞƐ ƚŚĂƚĂĚƵůƚƐĂƌĞŝŶĚĞƉĞŶĚĞŶƚůĞĂƌŶĞƌƐǁŚŽƚĂŬĞƌĞƐƉŽŶƐŝďŝůŝƚǇ
ƚŚĂƚ ŵĂŬĞ ŵĞ ĨĞĞů ƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵů͍ zĞƐ͘ ŽĞƐ ŝƚ ŐŝǀĞ ŵĞ ĐƵůŝŶĂƌǇ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞŝƌ ŽǁŶ ůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ͘ ,ĞƵƚĂŐŽŐǇ ƉƌŽŵŽƚĞƐ ƐĞůĨͲĚŝƌĞĐƚĞĚ
ĐƌĞĚŝďŝůŝƚǇ͍ďƐŽůƵƚĞůǇŶŽƚ͘dŚĞƚƌƵƚŚŝƐƚŚĂƚŵŽƟǀĂƟŽŶƉůĂǇƐ ůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ͘ ůŽŽŵ͛Ɛ dĂǆŽŶŽŵǇ ŽĨ >ĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ ĨƵƌƚŚĞƌ ĐĂƚĞŐŽƌŝƐĞƐ
ĂƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚƌŽůĞŝŶŽƵƌǁŝůůŝŶŐŶĞƐƐƚŽůĞĂƌŶĂŶĚĞŵďƌĂĐĞŶĞǁ ĂĚƵůƚ ůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ ŝŶƚŽ Ɛŝǆ ůĞǀĞůƐ͕ ĞŶĐŽŵƉĂƐƐŝŶŐ ƐŬŝůůƐ ƐƵĐŚ
ĐŚĂůůĞŶŐĞƐ͘ ĂƐ ƌĞŵĞŵďĞƌŝŶŐ͕ ĐŽŵƉƌĞŚĞŶĚŝŶŐ͕ ĂƉƉůǇŝŶŐ͕ ĂŶĂůǇƐŝŶŐ͕
ĞǀĂůƵĂƟŶŐ͕ĂŶĚĐƌĞĂƟŶŐ͘
dŚĞ/<īĞĐƚ͗
DŝĐŚĂĞů EŽƌƚŽŶ ĂŶĚ ĐŽůůĞĂŐƵĞƐ ĂŶŝĞů DŽĐŚŽŶ ĂŶĚ ĂŶ
ƌŝĞůǇĐŽŝŶĞĚƚŚĞƚĞƌŵdŚĞ/<īĞĐƚǁŚĞŶƚŚĞǇŝŶƚƌŽĚƵĐĞĚ Aspects of Heutagogy
ƚŚĞ ƚŚĞŽƌǇ ŝŶ ƚŚĞŝƌ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ƉĂƉĞƌ ƟƚůĞĚ ͚dŚĞ /< īĞĐƚ͗
When Labor Leads to Love͛͘dŚĞŝƌƐƚƵĚǇĞǆƉůŽƌĞĚŚŽǁĂĐƟǀĞůǇ Self-determined learning
ƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƟŶŐ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ĐƌĞĂƟŽŶ Žƌ ĂƐƐĞŵďůǇ ŽĨ ƉƌŽĚƵĐƚƐ ůĞĂĚƐ Moving into the world of the learner
ŝŶĚŝǀŝĚƵĂůƐƚŽǀĂůƵĞƚŚĞŵŵŽƌĞ͘dŚŝƐŝƐĂŬŝŶƚŽƚŚĞƐĂƟƐĨĂĐƟŽŶ Avoidance of teacher-centred learning
ŽŶĞĨĞĞůƐǁŚĞŶĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŶŐƚŽĂĐĂŬĞƌĞĐŝƉĞĂŶĚŝƚƐŵĂŬŝŶŐ Students explore and learn from self-
ƌĂƚŚĞƌ ƚŚĂŶ ƐŝŵƉůǇ ďƵǇŝŶŐ Ă ƌĞĂĚǇͲŵĂĚĞ ĐĂŬĞ͘ Kƌ͕ ĂƐ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ chosen and self-directed action
ĐĂƐĞ ŽĨ ŝƚƐ ŶĂŵĞƐĂŬĞ͕ ƚŚĞ ^ǁĞĚŝƐŚ ĨƵƌŶŝƚƵƌĞ ŐŝĂŶƚ ʹ ƚĂŬĞ ŝƚ 7HDFKHUVWKLQNLQJDERXWSURFHVV
ŚŽŵĞĂŶĚĐŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƚŝƚʹ/<͘ rather than content
$IXWXUHLQZKLFKNQRZLQJKRZWR
We tend to value things more when we OHDUQLVDIXQGDPHQWDOVNLOO
have a part in their creation. Matt Smith, University of Wolverhampton
Ben Meer
7KH,.($(ƩHFWLQWKHFODVVURRP
'ŽĂů^ĞƫŶŐĂŶĚ^ĞůĨͲŝƌĞĐƚĞĚ>ĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ͗
Giving children the opportunity ĐĐŽƌĚŝŶŐ ƚŽ ďĞĚŝŶŝ Ğƚ Ăů͘ ;ϮϬϮϭͿ͕ ŐŽĂů ƐĞƫŶŐ ĨŽƌ ĂĚƵůƚ
to construct their learning helps ůĞĂƌŶĞƌƐŝŶǀŽůǀĞƐĂĐŽŵƉůĞǆĚĞĐŝƐŝŽŶͲŵĂŬŝŶŐƉƌŽĐĞƐƐ͕ƉĞƌƐŽŶĂů
them to develop agency: ĂĐĐŽƵŶƚĂďŝůŝƚǇ͕ ĂŶĚ ĂĐŚŝĞǀŝŶŐ ƚŚŽƐĞ ŐŽĂůƐ͘ dŚĞŝƌ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ
Greater resilience ƵŶĚĞƌƐĐŽƌĞƐƚŚĞƚƌĂŶƐĨŽƌŵĂƟǀĞŶĂƚƵƌĞŽĨĂĚƵůƚůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐĂƐĂ
Ownership over learning ůŝĨĞůŽŶŐũŽƵƌŶĞǇ͘^ĞƫŶŐŵĞĂŶŝŶŐĨƵůŐŽĂůƐĐĂŶďĞĐŚĂůůĞŶŐŝŶŐ͕
(QWKXVLDVPDQGHQJDJHPHQWZLWKWDVNV ĂŶĚǁŝƚŚƉƌŽƉĞƌŐƵŝĚĂŶĐĞ͕ƐĞůĨͲĚŝƌĞĐƚĞĚůĞĂƌŶĞƌƐŵĂǇďĞĂďůĞ
%HFRPLQJUHƫHFWLYHDERXW ƚŽƐƚĂǇĐŽŵŵŝƩĞĚ͘
own their progress
Sense of pride
81
When you wish for something

WRKROGYDOXHIRU\RXSXWHƩRUW
into it. When you wish for others
to hold value for something, let
WKHPSXWVRPHHƩRUWLQWRLWQR
matter how minimal.
Tahir Karamat
/ůůƵƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƌĞĚŝƚ͗ŵĂŶŶŚŽǁŝĞ͘ĐŽŵ
DŽƟǀĂƟŽŶƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƌĞĂƟǀŝƚǇ͗ REFERENCES
ďĞĚŝŶŝ͕͕͘ďĞĚŝŶ͕͕͘ΘŽǁŐŚŝ͕͘;ϮϬϮϭͿ͘ĚƵůƚůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐŝŶ
DŽƟǀĂƟŽŶ ĐĂŶ ďĞ ŶƵƌƚƵƌĞĚ ďǇ ĞŶĐŽƵƌĂŐŝŶŐ ŝŶĚŝǀŝĚƵĂůƐ ƚŽ ĞǆƉůŽƌĞ ŽŶůŝŶĞ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƟĞƐ ŽĨ ƉƌĂĐƟĐĞ͗ ƐǇƐƚĞŵĂƟĐ ƌĞǀŝĞǁ͘ ƌŝƟƐŚ
ŶĞǁ ĞǆƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞƐ ĂŶĚ ƌĞůŝƐŚ Ă ƐĞŶƐĞ ŽĨ ĂĐŚŝĞǀĞŵĞŶƚ͘ ŽŶƐŝĚĞƌ ŵǇ :ŽƵƌŶĂůŽĨĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĂůdĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐǇ͕ϱϮ;ϰͿ͕ϭϲϲϯʹϭϲϵϰ͘ŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬ
ŽǁŶ ĞǆƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ ŽĨ ĚĞĐŽƌĂƟŶŐ Ă ƐƚŽƌĞͲďŽƵŐŚƚ ĐĂŬĞ ǁŝƚŚ ĐƌĞĂƟǀĞ ĚŽŝ͘ŽƌŐͬϭϬ͘ϭϭϭϭͬďũĞƚ͘ϭϯϭϮϬ
ŇĂŝƌ͘/ƚƌĂŶƐĨŽƌŵĞĚŝƚŝŶƚŽĂŵĂƐƚĞƌƉŝĞĐĞďǇĂĚĚŝŶŐĞǆƚƌĂŝŶŐƌĞĚŝĞŶƚƐ͕ ĚĂŵƐ͕E͘͘;ϮϬϭϱͿ͘ůŽŽŵ͛ƐƚĂǆŽŶŽŵǇŽĨĐŽŐŶŝƟǀĞůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ
ŽďũĞĐƟǀĞƐ͘:ŽƵƌŶĂůŽĨƚŚĞDĞĚŝĐĂů>ŝďƌĂƌǇƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶ͕ϭϬϯ;ϯͿ͕
ƐƵĐŚĂƐDĂůƚĞƐĞƌƐ͕<ŝƚͲ<ĂƚƐ͕ĂŶĚĞƩǇƌŽĐŬĞƌĨƌŽƐƟŶŐ͘EŽƚŽŶůǇĚŝĚ/
ϭϱϮʹϭϱϯ͘ŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬĚŽŝ͘ŽƌŐͬϭϬ͘ϯϭϲϯͬϭϱϯϲͲϱϬϱϬ͘ϭϬϯ͘ϯ͘ϬϭϬ
ƌĞĐĞŝǀĞĐŽŵƉůŝŵĞŶƚƐĨƌŽŵŵǇĨĂŵŝůǇ͕ďƵƚ/ĂůƐŽĞǆƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞĚĂƐĞŶƐĞ
ĂƌƚŽ͕ ͘ ;ϮϬϮϬͿ͘ tŚĂƚ ŝƐ ŶĚƌĂŐŽŐǇ͍ >ĞƐƐ dŚĂŶ ϭϬϬ tŽƌĚƐ͘
ŽĨƉƌŝĚĞĂŶĚĂĐĐŽŵƉůŝƐŚŵĞŶƚ͘/ƚŝƐƚŚĞƐĞŵŽŵĞŶƚƐƚŚĂƚŵŽƟǀĂƚĞƵƐ ZŽƵŶĚƚĂďůĞ>ĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ͘ŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬƌŽƵŶĚƚĂďůĞůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ͘ĐŽŵͬǁŚĂƚͲŝƐͲ
ƚŽƚƌǇŶĞǁƚŚŝŶŐƐĂŶĚĐŚĂůůĞŶŐĞŽƵƌƐĞůǀĞƐ͘ ĂŶĚƌĂŐŽŐǇͲůĞƐƐͲƚŚĂŶͲϭϬϬͲǁŽƌĚƐͬη͗Ε͗ƚĞǆƚсŶĚƌĂŐŽŐǇйϮйϮϬ
ŽƌйϮϬĚƵůƚйϮϬ>ĞĂƌŶŝŶŐйϮϬdŚĞŽƌǇ͕ĂŶĚйϮϬƚĂŬĞйϮϬ
ƌĞƐƉŽŶƐŝďŝůŝƚǇйϮϬĨŽƌйϮϬĚĞĐŝƐŝŽŶƐ
ZĂƚŚĞƌƚŚĂŶĂĐĐĞƉƟŶŐƚŚĞŶŽƟŽŶƚŚĂƚŽůĚĚŽŐƐĐĂŶ͛ƚůĞĂƌŶŶĞǁƚƌŝĐŬƐ͕
ĞtŽůĨĞ tĂĚĚŝůů͘ ;ϮϬϬϯͿ͘ ĚƵůƚ ůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ ŽƌŝĞŶƚĂƟŽŶƐ ĂŶĚ
ůĞƚ͛ƐĨŽĐƵƐŽŶƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐƚŚĞƉŽǁĞƌŽĨŵŽƟǀĂƟŽŶŝŶĚƌŝǀŝŶŐƉĞƌƐŽŶĂů
ĂĐƟŽŶůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ͘,ƵŵĂŶZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚZĞǀŝĞǁ͗,Z
ŐƌŽǁƚŚ͘ Ǉ ĂƉƉůǇŝŶŐ ƉƌŝŶĐŝƉůĞƐ ĨƌŽŵ ŶĚƌĂŐŽŐǇ ĂŶĚ ,ĞƵƚĂŐŽŐǇ ZĞǀŝĞǁ͕͘Ϯ;ϰͿ͕ϰϬϲʹϰϮϵ͘ŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬĚŽŝ͘ŽƌŐͬŝŶĨŽ͗ĚŽŝͬ
ĂŶĚ ůĞǀĞƌĂŐŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ƉƐǇĐŚŽůŽŐŝĐĂů ŝŶŇƵĞŶĐĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ /< īĞĐƚ͕ ǁĞ EŽƌƚŽŶ͕D͘/͕͘DŽĐŚŽŶ͕͕͘ΘƌŝĞůǇ͕͘;ϮϬϭϮͿ͘dŚĞ/<ĞīĞĐƚ͗
ĐĂŶ ƚĂƉ ŝŶƚŽ ŝŶƚƌŝŶƐŝĐ ŵŽƟǀĂƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ĞŵďƌĂĐĞ ŶĞǁ ŽƉƉŽƌƚƵŶŝƟĞƐ͘ tŚĞŶ ůĂďŽƌ ůĞĂĚƐ ƚŽ ůŽǀĞ͘ :ŽƵƌŶĂů ŽĨ ŽŶƐƵŵĞƌ WƐǇĐŚŽůŽŐǇ͕
KƌŐĂŶŝƐĂƟŽŶƐ ĐĂŶ ĐƌĞĂƚĞ ĂŶ ĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚ ƚŚĂƚ ĞŶĐŽƵƌĂŐĞƐ ŐƌŽǁƚŚ͕ ϮϮ;ϯͿ͕ϰϱϯʹϰϲϬ͘ŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬĚŽŝ͘ŽƌŐͬϭϬ͘ϭϬϭϲͬũ͘ũĐƉƐ͘ϮϬϭϭ͘Ϭϴ͘ϬϬϮ
ŝŶŶŽǀĂƟŽŶ͕ ĂŶĚ ƉĞƌƐŽŶĂů ĨƵůĮůŵĞŶƚ ďǇ ĨŽƐƚĞƌŝŶŐ ĐƌĞĂƟǀŝƚǇ͕ ƐĞƫŶŐ WĞĚĂŐŽŐǇ͕ ŶĚƌĂŐŽŐǇ͕ Θ ,ĞƵƚĂŐŽŐǇ ͮ hŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ ŽĨ
/ůůŝŶŽŝƐ ^ƉƌŝŶŐĮĞůĚ͘ ;Ŷ͘Ě͘Ϳ͘ ŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘ƵŝƐ͘ĞĚƵͬĐŽůƌƐͬ
ŵĞĂŶŝŶŐĨƵůŐŽĂůƐ͕ĂŶĚĞŵƉŽǁĞƌŝŶŐŝŶĚŝǀŝĚƵĂůƐ͘tŝƚŚŝŶŽƵƌĐŽŶƚĞǆƚ͕
ƚĞĂĐŚŝŶŐͲƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐͬĨŽƵŶĚĂƚŝŽŶƐͲŐŽŽĚͲƚĞĂĐŚŝŶŐͬƉĞĚĂŐŽŐǇͲ
ĂŶĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĂůĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚǇƚŚĂƚĂĐŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞƐůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐĂƐƉĞƌĞŶŶŝĂů͕ ĂŶĚƌĂŐŽŐǇŚĞƵƚĂŐŽŐǇη͗Ε͗ƚĞǆƚсWĞĚĂŐŽŐǇйϮϬŝƐйϮϬƚŚĞйϮϬ
ǁŚĞƌĞĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ ĂŶĚ ĂĚƵůƚƐ ĞŶŐĂŐĞŽŶ Ă ĐŽŶƟŶƵƵŵ ŽĨ ůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ ƚŚĂƚ ƚĞĂĐŚŝŶŐйϮϬŽĨ͕ǁŚŽйϮϬĂƌĞйϮϬƐĞůĨйϮĚŝƌĞĐƚĞĚйϮϬůĞĂƌŶĞƌƐ͘
ĞŵƉŚĂƐŝƐĞƐĂŶĚǀĂůƵĞƐƚŚĞƉƵƌƐƵŝƚŽĨŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞĂŶĚƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐ ^ŚĂďĂƚƵƌĂ͕:͘;Ŷ͘Ě͘Ϳ͘hƐŝŶŐůŽŽŵ͛ƐdĂǆŽŶŽŵǇƚŽtƌŝƚĞīĞĐƟǀĞ
ĂƐĂůŝĨĞƟŵĞĞŶĚĞĂǀŽƵƌ͘^Ž͕ůĞƚ͛ƐŵŽƟǀĂƚĞŽƵƌƐĞůǀĞƐĂŶĚŽƵƌƚĞĂŵƐƚŽ >ĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ KƵƚĐŽŵĞƐ ͮ dĞĂĐŚŝŶŐ /ŶŶŽǀĂƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ WĞĚĂŐŽŐŝĐĂů
^ƵƉƉŽƌƚ͘ŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬƟƉƐ͘ƵĂƌŬ͘ĞĚƵͬƵƐŝŶŐͲďůŽŽŵƐͲƚĂǆŽŶŽŵǇͬ
ĞŵďƌĂĐĞĐŚĂŶŐĞ͕ƚƌǇƐŽŵĞƚŚŝŶŐĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚ͕ĂŶĚƌĞůŝƐŚƚŚĞƐĂƟƐĨĂĐƟŽŶ
'Ž ƚŽ͗ hƐŝŶŐ ĂŶĚƌĂŐŽŐǇ ƚŽ ƚĞĂĐŚ ƉĞĚĂŐŽŐǇ͗ ĞǆƉĞĐƟŶŐ
ƚŚĂƚĐŽŵĞƐĨƌŽŵƉĞƌƐŽŶĂůŐƌŽǁƚŚĂŶĚĂĐĐŽŵƉůŝƐŚŵĞŶƚ͘ůůŐŽŽĚŝŶ
ŚĞƵƚĂŐŽŐǇ ƵƐŝŶŐ ĂŐĂŝŶƐƚͲƚŚĞͲŐƌĂŝŶ ƚĞĂĐŚŝŶŐ ƉƌĂĐƟĐĞƐ ĨŽƌ
ƚŚĞŽƌǇʹůĞƚ͛ƐĮŶĚǁĂǇƐŽĨƉƵƫŶŐŝƚŝŶƚŽƉƌĂĐƟĐĞ͘ desired outcomes
DĂƩ^ŵŝƚŚ͕hŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇŽĨtŽůǀĞƌŚĂŵƉƚŽŶϮϬϭϳ
ŚƚƚƉƐ͗ͬͬƵĞů͘ĂĐ͘ƵŬͬƐŝƚĞƐͬĚĞĨĂƵůƚͬĨŝůĞƐͬƐŵŝƚŚͲŵͲͲͲƵƐŝŶŐͲ
tŚĂƚƚŚŝƐŵŝŐŚƚůŽŽŬůŝŬĞŝŶŽƵƌĞĂƌůǇĐŚŝůĚŚŽŽĚƐĞƫŶŐƐ͗ ĂŶĚƌĂŐŽŐǇͲƚŽͲƚĞĂĐŚͲƉĞĚĂŐŽŐǇ͘ƉĚĨ
dĞĂĐŚĞƌƐĂŶĚĞĚƵĐĂƚŽƌƐĐŽůůĂďŽƌĂƚĞ͕ƐŚŽǁŝŶŐ
ƌĞƐƉĞĐƚĨŽƌƚŚĞƐŬŝůůƐĂŶĚůŝĨĞĞǆƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞƐŽĨĂůů
dĞĂĐŚĞƌƐ͕ĞĚƵĐĂƚŽƌƐĂŶĚĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶůĞĂƌŶƚŽŐĞƚŚĞƌ
WƌŽŐƌĂŵƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐŝƐĂŶŝŶĐůƵƐŝǀĞƉƌŽĐĞƐƐ͕
ĂůůǀŽŝĐĞƐĂƌĞĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĞĚ
ŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚƐĞŶĐŽƵƌĂŐĞĂůůůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐƐƚǇůĞƐ
WƌŽũĞĐƚƐĂƌĞƵŶŝƋƵĞƚŽƚŚĞůĞĂƌŶĞƌĂŶĚƚŚĞůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚǇ
ƐƐŝƐƚĂŶĐĞ͕ŐƵŝĚĂŶĐĞ͕ŵĞŶƚŽƌƐŚŝƉĂŶĚĐŽĂĐŚŝŶŐ
/ŶĚŝǀŝĚƵĂůĂŶĚĐŽůůĞĐƟǀĞƉƌŽĨĞƐƐŝŽŶĂůůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐŽƉƉŽƌƚƵŶŝƟĞƐ
82
HISTORICAL CONTEXT OF
LEADERSHIP IN ECE
COLIN SLATTERY
SEMANN & SLATTERY
>ĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉŚĂƐďĞĞŶĂƟŵĞůĞƐƐĐŽŶĐĞƉƚǁŽǀĞŶŝŶƚŽƚŚĞǀĞƌǇ dŚĞ ƚƌĂŶƐŝƟŽŶ ŝŶƚŽ ƚŚĞ /ŶĚƵƐƚƌŝĂů ZĞǀŽůƵƟŽŶ ĨƵƌƚŚĞƌ

ĨĂďƌŝĐ ŽĨ ŚƵŵĂŶŝƚǇ ƐŝŶĐĞ ƚŚĞ ĞĂƌůŝĞƐƚ ĐŝǀŝůŝƐĂƟŽŶƐ͘ &ƌŽŵ ƚŚĞ ƚƌĂŶƐĨŽƌŵĞĚůĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉ͕ǁŝƚŚĂƐƚƌŽŶŐĞŵƉŚĂƐŝƐŽŶĞĸĐŝĞŶĐǇ
ĚĂǁŶŽĨŚƵŵĂŶƐŽĐŝĞƚǇ͕ƚŚĞĐŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƚŽĨůĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉŚĂƐŐƵŝĚĞĚ ĂŶĚ ƉƌŽĚƵĐƟǀŝƚǇ͘ tŝƚŚ ƐŽĐŝĞƟĞƐ ďĞĐŽŵŝŶŐ ŝŶĐƌĞĂƐŝŶŐůǇ
ĂŶĚ ŝŶŇƵĞŶĐĞĚ ƚŚĞ ƐŚĂƉĞ ĂŶĚ ĨŽƌŵ ŽĨ ŽƵƌ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƟĞƐ͘ /Ŷ ŝŶĚƵƐƚƌŝĂůŝƐĞĚ͕ĨŽƌŵĂůĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶƚŽŽŬŽŶŐƌĞĂƚĞƌŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶĐĞ͘
ĂŶĐŝĞŶƚĐƵůƚƵƌĞƐ͕ůĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉ ŽŌĞŶĐĂŵĞĨƌŽŵŝŶŚĞƌŝƚĂŶĐĞŽƌ ĚƵĐĂƟŽŶǁĂƐŶŽǁƐĞĞŶĂƐĂŵĞĂŶƐƚŽƉƌŽĚƵĐĞƐŬŝůůĞĚǁŽƌŬĞƌƐ
ĚŝǀŝŶĞĂƉƉŽŝŶƚŵĞŶƚ͘dŚŝƐǁĂƐƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌůǇĞǀŝĚĞŶƚŝŶƐŽĐŝĞƟĞƐ ǁŚŽĐŽƵůĚĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƚĞĞīĞĐƟǀĞůǇƚŽƚŚĞďƵƌŐĞŽŶŝŶŐŝŶĚƵƐƚƌŝĂů
ůŝŬĞŶĐŝĞŶƚŐǇƉƚĂŶĚZŽŵĞ͕ǁŚĞƌĞůĞĂĚĞƌƐǁĞƌĞĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĞĚ ĞĐŽŶŽŵǇ͘ Ɛ Ă ƌĞƐƵůƚ͕ ĞĂƌůǇ ĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ ƐƚĂƌƚĞĚ ĨŽĐƵƐŝŶŐ ŽŶ
ŶĞĂƌ 'ŽĚͲůŝŬĞ ĮŐƵƌĞƐ͕ ƚŚĞŝƌ ǁŝƐĚŽŵ ĂŶĚ ƉŽǁĞƌ ƌĞǀĞƌĞĚ ĂŶĚ ŝŵƉĂƌƟŶŐ ďĂƐŝĐ ůŝƚĞƌĂĐǇ ĂŶĚ ŶƵŵĞƌĂĐǇ ƐŬŝůůƐ͘ /ƚ ǁĂƐ ĚƵƌŝŶŐ
ƵŶƋƵĞƐƟŽŶĞĚ͘ ƚŚŝƐƉĞƌŝŽĚƚŚĂƚƚŚĞƌŽůĞŽĨĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĂůůĞĂĚĞƌƐďĞŐĂŶƚŽŐĂŝŶ
ƉƌŽŵŝŶĞŶĐĞ͘ dŚĞƐĞ ŝŶĚŝǀŝĚƵĂůƐ ŐƵŝĚĞĚ ĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĂů ƉƌĂĐƟĐĞƐ
tŝƚŚŝŶƚŚĞƐĐŽƉĞŽĨĞĂƌůǇĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĂŶĚĐĂƌĞ͕ƚŚĞƐĞƐŽĐŝĞƟĞƐ͛ ĂŶĚŝŶŇƵĞŶĐĞĚƚŚĞĚŝƌĞĐƟŽŶŽĨĞĂƌůǇůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐĂŶĚĐĂƌĞ͘
ĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĂůƐǇƐƚĞŵƐǁĞƌĞŽŌĞŶƌĞŇĞĐƟǀĞŽĨƚŚĞŝƌůĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉ
ƉƌŝŶĐŝƉůĞƐ͘ ĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ ǁĂƐ ƉƌŝŵĂƌŝůǇ ĞǆĐůƵƐŝǀĞ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ĞůŝƚĞ͕ Today’s leadership styles in the modern era are more complex
ǁŝƚŚ ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ ƌĞĐĞŝǀŝŶŐ ƉĞƌƐŽŶĂůŝƐĞĚ ŝŶƐƚƌƵĐƟŽŶ͕ ŽŌĞŶ ĨƌŽŵ ĂŶĚ ŶƵĂŶĐĞĚ͘ sĂƌŝŽƵƐ ĨĂĐƚŽƌƐ͕ ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐ ĐƵůƚƵƌĂů͕ ƉŽůŝƟĐĂů͕
ƚƵƚŽƌƐŽƌĂƉƉƌĞŶƟĐĞƐŚŝƉƐ͘/ŶƐŽĐŝĞƟĞƐůŝŬĞĂŶĐŝĞŶƚ'ƌĞĞĐĞ͕ƚŚĞ ĂŶĚ ĞĐŽŶŽŵŝĐ ĐŚĂŶŐĞƐ͕ ŚĂǀĞ ŝŶŇƵĞŶĐĞĚ ƚŚĞŵ͘ >ĞĂĚĞƌƐ ĂƌĞ
ĨŽĐƵƐŽĨĞĂƌůǇĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶǁĂƐƚŽŶƵƌƚƵƌĞƚŚĞĐŚŝůĚ͛ƐƉŚǇƐŝĐĂů͕ ŶŽǁĞǆƉĞĐƚĞĚƚŽĚŽŵŽƌĞƚŚĂŶũƵƐƚŐƵŝĚĞ͖ƚŚĞǇŵƵƐƚŝŶƐƉŝƌĞ͕
ŝŶƚĞůůĞĐƚƵĂů͕ĂŶĚŵŽƌĂůĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ͘/ƚǁĂƐĂŚŽůŝƐƟĐĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚ ŵŽƟǀĂƚĞ͕ ĂŶĚ ĨŽƐƚĞƌ ĐƌĞĂƟǀŝƚǇ͘ dŚŝƐ ŝƐ ƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌůǇ ĐƌƵĐŝĂů ŝŶ
ƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚůǇŝŶŇƵĞŶĐĞĚďǇƚŚĞƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĞƐŽĨƚŚĞƟŵĞ͕ƐƵĐŚ ƚŚĞ ƌĞĂůŵ ŽĨ ĞĂƌůǇ ĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ĐĂƌĞ͘ ,ĞƌĞ͕ ƚŚĞ ƌŽůĞ ŽĨ Ă
ĂƐƚŚŽƐĞƉƵƚĨŽƌǁĂƌĚďǇWůĂƚŽ͘>ĞĂĚĞƌƐŝŶƚŚĞƐĞƐŽĐŝĞƟĞƐǁĞƌĞ ůĞĂĚĞƌ ĞǆƚĞŶĚƐ ƚŽ ĐƌĞĂƟŶŐ Ă ƐĂĨĞ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŶĚƵĐŝǀĞ ůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ
considered guardians of the city and expected to embody ĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚ ĂŶĚ ĨŽƐƚĞƌŝŶŐ ĞŵŽƟŽŶĂů͕ ĐŽŐŶŝƟǀĞ͕ ĂŶĚ ƐŽĐŝĂů
ǀŝƌƚƵĞƐůŝŬĞǁŝƐĚŽŵ͕ĐŽƵƌĂŐĞ͕ĂŶĚŵŽĚĞƌĂƟŽŶ͘ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚŝŶĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͘dŚĞĨŽĐƵƐŚĂƐƐŚŝŌĞĚƚŽǁĂƌĚƐĐŚŝůĚͲ
ĐĞŶƚƌŝĐůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ͕ǁŚĞƌĞůĞĂĚĞƌƐĂĐƚĂƐĨĂĐŝůŝƚĂƚŽƌƐƌĂƚŚĞƌƚŚĂŶ
/ŶƚŚĞŵĞĚŝĞǀĂůƉĞƌŝŽĚ͕ůĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉƉƌŝŶĐŝƉůĞƐǁĞƌĞƉƌŝŵĂƌŝůǇ ŵĞƌĞƚƌĂŶƐŵŝƩĞƌƐŽĨŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞ͘
ƟĞĚ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ŵŽŶĂƌĐŚǇ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ ŚƵƌĐŚ͘ dŚĞ ĞǆŝƐƟŶŐ ĨĞƵĚĂů
>ĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉ ŝŶ ĞĂƌůǇ ĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ĐĂƌĞ ŚĂƐ ďĞĐŽŵĞ
ƐǇƐƚĞŵ ĚĞŵĂŶĚĞĚ ůŽǇĂůƚǇ ĂŶĚ ŽďĞĚŝĞŶĐĞ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ůŽƌĚ͕ ǁŝƚŚ
ŵƵůƟĨĂĐĞƚĞĚ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ŵŽĚĞƌŶ ǁŽƌůĚ͘ >ĞĂĚĞƌƐ ĂƌĞ ŶŽǁ ŶŽƚ
ƚŚĞ ŚƵƌĐŚ ĞǆĞƌĐŝƐŝŶŐ ƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚ ĐŽŶƚƌŽů ŽǀĞƌ ĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ͘
ůŝŵŝƚĞĚƚŽďĞŝŶŐũƵƐƚĞĚƵĐĂƚŽƌƐ͖ƚŚĞǇĐĂŶĂůƐŽďĞƉŽůŝĐǇŵĂŬĞƌƐ͕
DŽŶĂƐƚĞƌŝĞƐ ĂŶĚ ĐĂƚŚĞĚƌĂů ƐĐŚŽŽůƐ ƐĞƌǀĞĚ ĂƐ ƚŚĞ ůĞĂĚŝŶŐ
ĂĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƚŽƌƐ͕ĂŶĚƉĂƌĞŶƚƐ͕ĂůůƉůĂǇŝŶŐĂƌŽůĞŝŶƐŚĂƉŝŶŐƚŚĞ
ŝŶƐƟƚƵƟŽŶƐ ƌĞƐƉŽŶƐŝďůĞ ĨŽƌ ĞĂƌůǇ ĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ͕ ĞŶƐƵƌŝŶŐ ƚŚĂƚ
ůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ ĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚ͘ ŝīĞƌĞŶƚ ůĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉ ƐƚǇůĞƐ͕ ƐƵĐŚ ĂƐ
ƉƌŝŶĐŝƉůĞƐ ŽĨ ŽďĞĚŝĞŶĐĞ ĂŶĚ ƌĞƐƉĞĐƚ ĨŽƌ ĂƵƚŚŽƌŝƚǇ ǁĞƌĞ
ƚƌĂŶƐĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĂů͕ ƚƌĂŶƐĂĐƟŽŶĂů͕ ĂŶĚ ƐŝƚƵĂƟŽŶĂů͕ ĂƌĞ ďĞŝŶŐ
ŝŶƐƟůůĞĚ ŝŶ ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͘ >ĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉ ǁĂƐ ƉĞƌĐĞŝǀĞĚ ĂƐ Ă ĚŝǀŝŶĞ
ĞŵďƌĂĐĞĚ ƚŽ ĂĚĂƉƚ ƚŽ ĞĂƌůǇ ĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ͛Ɛ ĚǇŶĂŵŝĐ ĂŶĚ ĞǀĞƌͲ
ĚƵƚǇ͕ ǁŝƚŚ ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͛Ɛ ĞĂƌůǇ ĐĂƌĞ ĂŶĚ ĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ ĐĞŶƚƌŝŶŐ ŽŶ
ĐŚĂŶŐŝŶŐůĂŶĚƐĐĂƉĞ͘
ƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐƉƌŝŶĐŝƉůĞƐ͘
dŚĞŚŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂůĐŽŶƚĞǆƚŽĨůĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉŝƐƌŝĐŚĂŶĚǀĂƌŝĞĚ͕ŚĂǀŝŶŐ
dŚĞ ŶůŝŐŚƚĞŶŵĞŶƚ ƌĂ ďƌŽƵŐŚƚ ĂďŽƵƚ Ă ƐŚŝŌ ŝŶ ƚŚĞƐĞ ďĞĞŶƐŚĂƉĞĚďǇĐƵůƚƵƌĂůĂŶĚƐŽĐŝĞƚĂůĐŚĂŶŐĞƐŽǀĞƌƟŵĞ͘&ƌŽŵ
ƚƌĂĚŝƟŽŶĂůƉĞƌĐĞƉƟŽŶƐŽĨůĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉ͘>ĞĂĚĞƌƐǁĞƌĞŶŽůŽŶŐĞƌ ĂŶĐŝĞŶƚ ƟŵĞƐ͕ ǁŚĞƌĞ ůĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉ ǁĂƐ ƉĞƌĐĞŝǀĞĚ ĂƐ Ă ĚŝǀŝŶĞ
ǀŝĞǁĞĚŵĞƌĞůǇĂƐĚŝǀŝŶĞůǇŽƌĚĂŝŶĞĚĮŐƵƌĞƐďƵƚĂƐŝŶĚŝǀŝĚƵĂůƐ ŵĂŶĚĂƚĞ͕ ƚŽ ŵŽĚĞƌŶ ƐŽĐŝĞƟĞƐ͕ ǁŚĞƌĞ ůĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉ ŝƐ ůĂƌŐĞůǇ
ǁŚŽŽƵŐŚƚƚŽƉŽƐƐĞƐƐƉĞƌƐŽŶĂůŵĞƌŝƚĂŶĚŝŶƚĞůůĞĐƚƵĂůƉƌŽǁĞƐƐ͘ ŵĞƌŝƚͲďĂƐĞĚ͕ƚŚĞƌŽůĞŽĨĂůĞĂĚĞƌŚĂƐƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚůǇĞǀŽůǀĞĚ͘dŚŝƐ
ĂƌůǇĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĞǀŽůǀĞĚĚƵƌŝŶŐƚŚŝƐĞƌĂĂƐĂƚŽŽůĨŽƌĨŽƐƚĞƌŝŶŐ ĞǀŽůƵƟŽŶ ŝƐ ŶŽƟĐĞĂďůĞ ǁŝƚŚŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƌĞĂůŵ ŽĨ ĞĂƌůǇ ĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ
ĐƌŝƟĐĂůƚŚŝŶŬŝŶŐĂŶĚƉƌŽĚƵĐŝŶŐŝŶĚŝǀŝĚƵĂůƐǁŚŽĐŽƵůĚĐŚĂůůĞŶŐĞ ĂŶĚ ĐĂƌĞ͕ ǁŚŝĐŚ ŚĂƐ ƐŚŝŌĞĚ ĨƌŽŵ Ă ƉƌŝŵĂƌŝůǇ ĂƵƚŚŽƌŝƚĂƌŝĂŶ
ĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚĞĚ ŶŽƌŵƐ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŶǀĞŶƟŽŶƐ͘ >ĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉ ĚƵƌŝŶŐ ƚŚŝƐ ƐƚǇůĞ ƚŽ ŵŽƌĞ ƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƟǀĞ ĂŶĚ ŝŶĐůƵƐŝǀĞ ĨŽƌŵƐ͘ dŚĞƐĞ
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83
LEADERSHIP THINKERS
TO EXPLORE
DŽĚĞƌŶ ůĞĂĚĞƌƐŚŝƉ ƚŚŝŶŬĞƌƐ ǇŽƵ ŵŝŐŚƚ ǁŝƐŚ ƚŽ ďĞĐŽŵĞ
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84
HOT TOPIC…
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, WHAT DO WE
KNOW, AND HOW SHOULD WE USE IT?
BERNADETTE DUNN
SEMANN & SLATTERY
dŚĞŝŶŶŽǀĂƟǀĞƵƐĞŽĨƚĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐǇŝƐĂƌĞĐƵƌƌĞŶƚƚŚĞŵĞŝŶƚŚĞ ϮϬϭϵƌĞƉŽƌƚĐŽŵŵŝƐƐŝŽŶĞĚďǇƚŚĞƵƐƚƌĂůŝĂŶ'ŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚ
ĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶƐƉĂĐĞ͘,ŽǁĚŽǁĞĞŵďƌĂĐĞĂŶĚĚĞƉůŽǇƚĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐǇ ĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚ ŽĨ ĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ dƌĂŝŶŝŶŐ ĞŶƟƚůĞĚ͕ Research
ŝŶ ŽƵƌ ůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƟĞƐ͕ ĞŶƐƵƌŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ƌŝŐŚƚƐ ĂŶĚ ŶĞĞĚƐ ZĞƉŽƌƚ ƌƟĮĐŝĂů /ŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶĐĞ ĂŶĚ ŵĞƌŐŝŶŐ dĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐŝĞƐ ŝŶ
ŽĨ Ăůů ƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂŶƚƐ ĂƌĞ ŵĞƚ͍ ,Žǁ ĚŽ ǁĞ ĐŽŶƟŶƵĞ ƚŽ ďƵŝůĚ Schools͕ ĐŽŶĐůƵĚĞƐ͕ ͚/ ĂŶĚ ĞŵĞƌŐŝŶŐ ƚĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐŝĞƐ ŶĞĞĚ ƚŽ
ĐĂƉĂĐŝƚǇŝŶƚŚĞƚĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐǇƐƉĂĐĞ;ŝƚŝƐĂŶŝŶƚĞŐƌĂůƉĂƌƚŽĨŶŽǁ ďĞĐĂƌĞĨƵůůǇ͚ŝŶĐƵďĂƚĞĚ͛ŝŶĂĐŽŶƚƌŽůůĞĚǁĂǇŝŶĂĚŝǀĞƌƐĞƌĂŶŐĞ
ĂŶĚƚŚĞĨƵƚƵƌĞͿĂŶĚƐƚĂǇĂďƌĞĂƐƚŽĨĐƵƌƌĞŶƚƚŚŝŶŬŝŶŐŽŶŚŽǁ ŽĨ ƐĐŚŽŽů ΀ŝŶĐůƵĚĞ ĞĂƌůǇ ĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ΁ ƐĞƫŶŐƐ͕ ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐ ƌƵƌĂů
ƚŽĞƚŚŝĐĂůůǇĂŶĚƐĂĨĞůǇŵŽďŝůŝƐĞĂŶĚƵƐĞŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞ͍tĞŚĂǀĞ ĂŶĚ ůŽǁͲŝŶĐŽŵĞ ƐĐŚŽŽů ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƟĞƐ͕ ŝŶ ŽƌĚĞƌ ƚŽ ŝĚĞŶƟĨǇ
ŐƌĂƉƉůĞĚǁŝƚŚƚŚĞƵƐĞŽĨƚĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐǇĂŶĚƐŽĐŝĂůŵĞĚŝĂʹŚŽǁ ƉƌĂĐƟĐĂů͕ƐĂĨĞƚǇ͕ĞƚŚŝĐĂůĂŶĚƚĞĐŚŶŝĐĂůŝƐƐƵĞƐ͘dŚŝƐ͚ŝŶĐƵďĂƟŽŶ͛
ĚŽ ǁĞ ŚĂƌŶĞƐƐ ƐŽĐŝĂů ŵĞĚŝĂ ĂƐ Ă ŵĞĂŶƐ ŽĨ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶ͕ ŵƵƐƚ ďĞ ĂĐĐŽŵƉĂŶŝĞĚ ďǇ ƌŽďƵƐƚ͕ ƚŚĞŽƌĞƟĐĂůůǇ ŝŶĨŽƌŵĞĚ
ǁŚĂƚ ŝƐ ĂƉƉƌŽƉƌŝĂƚĞ ƚŽ ƉŽƐƚ͕ ǁŚĂƚ ŝƐ ŶŽƚ͍ tŚĂƚ ĂƌĞ ƚŚĞ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ŽŶ ƚŚĞŝƌ ƉĞĚĂŐŽŐŝĐĂů ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂů ĂŶĚ ŝŵƉĂĐƚƐ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ
ďĞŶĞĮƚƐŽĨŽŶůŝŶĞƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶƚŽŽůƐĂŶĚƉĂƌĞŶƚ ƚĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐŝĞƐŽŶůĞĂƌŶĞƌƐĂŶĚůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ͙dŚĞƉƌŽũĞĐƚŽĨďƵŝůĚŝŶŐ
ŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶ ŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ ƐǇƐƚĞŵƐ͍ tŚĂƚ ŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƚĞĚ ĚŝŐŝƚĂů ĂŶĚ ƐƵƐƚĂŝŶŝŶŐ Ă ƐŽůŝĚ ĨŽƵŶĚĂƟŽŶĂů ŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞ ĂďŽƵƚ ƚŚĞƐĞ
ƉůĂƞŽƌŵƐ ĚŽ ǁĞ ƵƐĞ ƚŽ ƚƌĂĐŬ ĞŶƌŽůŵĞŶƚƐ ĂŶĚ ĂƩĞŶĚĂŶĐĞ͕ ƚĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐŝĞƐǁŝůůƌĞƋƵŝƌĞŝŶƚĞƌĚŝƐĐŝƉůŝŶĂƌǇĞǆƉĞƌƟƐĞĨƌŽŵ͕ĂŶĚ
ƌĞƉŽƌƚ ƚŽ ŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚ ĂŐĞŶĐŝĞƐ͕ ĂŶĚ ĮŶĂŶĐŝĂůůǇ ŵĂŶĂŐĞ ŽƵƌ ĚŝĂůŽŐƵĞďĞƚǁĞĞŶ͕ƚŚĞĮĞůĚƐŽĨĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ͕ĐŽŵƉƵƚĞƌƐĐŝĞŶĐĞ͕
ƉƌŽŐƌĂŵƐ͍ŶĚŶŽǁǁĞŚĂǀĞƌƟĮĐŝĂů/ŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶĐĞ;/ͿʹŶŽƚ ƐŽĐŝŽůŽŐǇ͕ƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇ͕ĞĐŽŶŽŵŝĐƐ͕ůĂǁ͕ĂŶĚƉŽůŝƟĐĂůƐĐŝĞŶĐĞ͛͘
ĂŶĞǁĐŽŶĐĞƉƚŐůŽďĂůůǇ͖ŵĂŶǇƉƌŽĨĞƐƐŝŽŶƐĂŶĚŝŶĚƵƐƚƌŝĞƐĂƌĞ
ĮŶĚŝŶŐŵƵůƟƉůĞŝƚĞƌĂƟŽŶƐĨŽƌŝƚƐƵƐĞ͘ĐĐŽƌĚŝŶŐƚŽ^ƚŽŶĞĞƚĂů͘ dŚĞKƉƵďůŝĐĂƟŽŶ͕ŝŐŝƚĂůĚƵĐĂƟŽŶKƵƚůŽŽŬϮϬϮϭWƵƐŚŝŶŐ
;ϮϬϭϲ͕ĐŝƚĞĚŝŶŝŐŶƵŵϮϬϭϴͿ͕͚/ŝƐĂůƌĞĂĚǇĐŚĂŶŐŝŶŐŽƵƌĚĂŝůǇ ƚŚĞ ĨƌŽŶƟĞƌƐ ǁŝƚŚ /͕ ďůŽĐŬĐŚĂŝŶ͕ ĂŶĚ ƌŽďŽƚƐ͕ ĚŝƐĐƵƐƐĞƐ ƚŚĞ
ůŝǀĞƐŵŽƐƚůǇŝŶǁĂǇƐƚŚĂƚŝŵƉƌŽǀĞŚƵŵĂŶŚĞĂůƚŚ͕ƐĂĨĞƚǇ͕ĂŶĚ ďĞŶĞĮƚƐ ŽĨ ^ŵĂƌƚ ƚĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐŝĞƐ ŝŶ ƚĞƌŵƐ ŽĨ ĞīĞĐƟǀĞŶĞƐƐ͕
ƉƌŽĚƵĐƟǀŝƚǇ͛͘ ,ŽǁĞǀĞƌ͕ ǁĞ ĂƌĞ ĂůƐŽ ƐƵďũĞĐƚ ƚŽ ŝƚ ŝŶ ƐŽŵĞ ŽĨ ĞƋƵŝƚǇĂŶĚĞĸĐŝĞŶĐǇ͘/ƚĂůƐŽŚŝŐŚůŝŐŚƚƐƚŚĞŶĞĞĚĨŽƌƉŽůŝĐǇŝŶ
ŝƚƐŵŽƐƚŝŶǀĂƐŝǀĞĨŽƌŵƐʹƚŚĞƵŶďŝĚĚĞŶƐŚŽƉƉŝŶŐƉƌŽŵŽƟŽŶƐ ƌĞůĂƟŽŶƚŽĚĞƐŝŐŶ͕ĚĂƚĂŐŽǀĞƌŶĂŶĐĞ͕ĨĂŝƌŶĞƐƐĂŶĚĞƚŚŝĐƐ͘dŚĞ
ƚŚĂƚ ƉŽƉ ŽŶƚŽ ŽƵƌ ƐĐƌĞĞŶƐ͕ ŽƵƌ ŵƵƐŝĐ ĐŚŽŝĐĞ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ǁĞĞŬ͕ ĐŽŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐƐĞŶƚĞŶĐĞŝŶƚŚĞ͚,ŝŐŚůŝŐŚƚƐ͛ŽĨƚŚĞŝŐŝƚĂůĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ
ǁŚĂƚǁĞŵŝŐŚƚůŝŬĞƚŽƌĞĂĚďĂƐĞĚŽŶƉƌĞǀŝŽƵƐĂĚĚŝƟŽŶƐƚŽŽƵƌ KƵƚůŽŽŬϮϬϮϭƉƵďůŝĐĂƟŽŶƐƚĂƚĞƐ͕͚ƵƚŶŽǁŝƐƚŚĞƟŵĞƚŽƚŚŝŶŬ
ůŝďƌĂƌǇĂŶĚƐŝŐŶŝŶŐŝŶƚŽǀĂƌŝŽƵƐƉƉƐǁŝƚŚ'ŽŽŐůĞŽƌƉƉůĞ/Ɛ ĂďŽƵƚ ǁŚĂƚ ŝƐ ƉŽƐƐŝďůĞ ĂŶĚ ŚŽǁ ĚŝŐŝƚĂů ƚĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐǇ ĐĂŶ ďĞƐƚ
ʹĂůůĂƐƐŝƐƚĂŶĐĞĂŶĚĂůůďĂƐĞĚŽŶĚĂƚĂĐŽůůĞĐƟŽŶ͕ĂŶĂůǇƟĐƐĂŶĚ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚƚŚĞŝŵƉƌŽǀĞŵĞŶƚŽĨĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ͛͘
ƐŚĂƌŝŶŐʹƉƌĞĚŝĐƟǀĞƚĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐǇ͘
ϮϬϮϮ ƌĞƉŽƌƚ ƉƵďůŝƐŚĞĚ ďǇ ƚŚĞ ƵƌŽƉĞ ŽƵŶĐŝů ĂĚǀŝƐĞƐ
&ŽƌĞĂƌůǇĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶƉƌŽĨĞƐƐŝŽŶĂůƐ͕/ŝƐƚŚĞŚŽƚƚĞĐŚŶŽƚŽƉŝĐŽĨ ƚŚĂƚ / Θ ĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ ŚĂƐ ďĞĞŶ ƚŚĞ ƐƵďũĞĐƚ ŽĨ ĂĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ
ƚŚĞŵŽŵĞŶƚ͘DƵĐŚŝƐďĞŝŶŐǁƌŝƩĞŶĂŶĚĚĞďĂƚĞĚĂďŽƵƚŝƚƐƵƐĞ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ƐŝŶĐĞ Ăƚ ůĞĂƐƚ ƚŚĞ ϭϵϴϬƐ͘ dŚĞ ƌĞƉŽƌƚ ĂƉƚůǇ ĞŶƟƚůĞĚ
ŝŶŽƵƌƐĞĐƚŽƌʹƚŚĞďĞŶĞĮƚƐ͕ƚŚĞĚĞƚƌĂĐƟŽŶƐĂŶĚǁŚǇƚŽƐƚĂǇ ͚ƌƟĮĐŝĂů /ŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶĐĞ ĂŶĚ ĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ͗ ĐƌŝƟĐĂů ǀŝĞǁ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ
ĂǁĂǇ͕ĂŶĚƚŚĞŵŝĚĚůĞŐƌŽƵŶĚƌĞĐŽŵŵĞŶĚŝŶŐĐĂƵƟŽŶ͘ the lens of human rights, democracy and the rule of law’ is
Ă ŶĞĐĞƐƐĂƌǇ ƌĞĂĚ͘ /ƚ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐ ĂŶ ĂĐĐĞƐƐŝďůĞ ŽǀĞƌǀŝĞǁ ŽĨ /
dŚĞ <ŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞ /ŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶ ǆĐŚĂŶŐĞ ;</yͿ ƚĞůůƐ ƵƐ ƚŚĂƚ ĂŶĚ ĂĐŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞƐ ƚŚĞ ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂů ŽĨ / ĨŽƌ ĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ͘ zĞƚ͕ ŝƚ
ŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞ ŵŽďŝůŝƐĂƟŽŶ ŝƐ ĂŶ ĞǆĞƌĐŝƐĞ ŝŶ ďƌŝĚŐŝŶŐ ĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚ ͚ŝĚĞŶƟĮĞĚ ŵĂŶǇ ŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚ ĐŚĂůůĞŶŐĞƐ ĂŶĚ ƌĂŝƐĞĚ ŵƵůƟƉůĞ
ǁĂǇƐŽĨŬŶŽǁŝŶŐĂŶĚƐĞŶƐĞŵĂŬŝŶŐĂĐƌŽƐƐĚŝƐĐŝƉůŝŶĞƐ͕ƐĞĐƚŽƌƐ ƋƵĞƐƟŽŶƐ͘DŽƐƚŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚůǇ͕ŚŽǁĚŽǁĞĞŶƐƵƌĞƚŚĂƚ/Θ
ĂŶĚ ŐĞŽŐƌĂƉŚŝĞƐ͘ ŶĚ ƚŚĂƚ ŝŶ Ăůů ƚŚĞŝƌ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚƐ ;ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ƉƌŽƚĞĐƚƐĂŶĚĚŽĞƐŶŽƚƵŶĚĞƌŵŝŶĞŚƵŵĂŶƌŝŐŚƚƐ͕ĚĞŵŽĐƌĂĐǇ
ƉƌŽũĞĐƚƐͿ͕ ĚŝŐŝƚĂů ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĞƐ ĨŽƌ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ĚĂƚĂ ĂŶĚƚŚĞƌƵůĞŽĨůĂǁ͍dŽďĞŐŝŶǁŝƚŚ͕ǁŚĂƚŝƐƚŚĞ͚ƌŝŐŚƚŬŝŶĚ͛ŽĨ
ĐŽůůĞĐƟŽŶĂƌĞƵƐĞĚƚŽŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞƚŚĞĂǀĂŝůĂďŝůŝƚǇŽĨůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐďƵƚ /ŝŶĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ͍͛;Ɖ͘ϳϰͿ
ĂůƐŽƚŽĞŶŚĂŶĐĞĚĞŵĂŶĚĨŽƌĚĂƚĂ;ϮϬϮϯͿ͘
85
dŚĞ ZĞƉŽƌƚ ĐŽŶĐůƵĚĞƐ ǁŝƚŚ Ă ƉƌŽƉŽƐĞĚ ƉƌŽǀŝƐŝŽŶĂů ŶĞĞĚƐ dŚĞ ƐƚĂŐĞ ŝƐ ƐĞƚ ʹ ƚŚĞƌĞ ŝƐ ŵƵĐŚ ƚŽ ůŝƐƚĞŶ ƚŽ ĂŶĚ ƌĞĂĚ ƚŽ
ĂŶĂůǇƐŝƐ ƚŽ ͚ƐƟŵƵůĂƚĞ ĂŶĚ ŝŶĨŽƌŵ ĐƌŝƟĐĂů ĚĞďĂƚĞ ʹ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶ ďĞĐŽŵĞ ǁĞůůͲŝŶĨŽƌŵĞĚ ĂďŽƵƚ / ĂŶĚ ĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ǁŚĞƌĞ
ůĞĂƌŶĞƌƐ͕ ĞĚƵĐĂƚŽƌƐ͕ / ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞƌƐ͕ ĐŽŵŵĞƌĐŝĂů ĚĞǀĞůŽƉĞƌƐ͕ ŝƚ ƐŝƚƐ ǁŝƚŚŝŶ ǇŽƵƌ ƉĞĚĂŐŽŐŝĐĂů ƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇ ĂŶĚ ƉƌĂĐƟĐĞ͙
ƉŽůŝĐǇ ŵĂŬĞƌƐ ĂŶĚ Ăůů ŽƚŚĞƌ ƐƚĂŬĞŚŽůĚĞƌƐ͘ dŚĞ ŝĚĞŶƟĮĞĚ ŶĚ ǁŚĞƌĞ ŽŶŐŽŝŶŐ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ͕ ďƌŽĂĚ ŵƵůƟͲĚŝƐĐŝƉůŝŶĂƌǇ
needs are based on the premise that AI in and of itself is not ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚǇĚŝƐĐƵƐƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚƉŽůŝĐǇǁŝůůƚĂŬĞƵƐ͙
ƉƌŽďůĞŵĂƟĐ ĂŶĚ ƌĞĐŽŐŶŝƐĞƐ ƚŚĂƚ ǁŚĂƚ ŝƐ ŝŶƐƚĞĂĚ ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂůůǇ sŝƐŝŽŶŝŶŐ Ă ĨƵƚƵƌĞ ĨŽƌ ĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ ƌĞƋƵŝƌĞƐ ĐƌŝƟĐĂů ƚŚŝŶŬŝŶŐ͕
ƉƌŽďůĞŵĂƟĐ ŝƐ ŚŽǁ / ŝƐ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉĞĚ͕ ƚƌĂŝŶĞĚ ĂŶĚ ĂƉƉůŝĞĚ ŝŶ ĚĞĞƉ ƋƵĞƐƟŽŶŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ Ă ĨƵƚƵƌŝƐƚ ŵŝŶĚƐĞƚ ʹ Ă ǁŝůůŝŶŐŶĞƐƐ ƚŽ
ĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĂůĐŽŶƚĞǆƚƐ͕ǁŚŽƚŚĞ/ƚĂƌŐĞƚƐ͕ĂŶĚǁŚŽĂƌĞƚŚĞƌĞĂů ĂĐĐĞƉƚƵŶĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƚǇ͕ďƵƚŽĨƐŽŵĞƚŚŝŶŐƐ͕ǁĞĐĂŶďĞƐƵƌĞʹ/ŝƐ
ďĞŶĞĮĐŝĂƌŝĞƐ͛͘ ĂĚĂƉƟǀĞ͕ĂŐŝůĞ͕ĂŶĚŝƐĂĐƌŝƟĐĂůƚĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐǇƚŚĂƚƐŝƚƐĂůŽŶŐƐŝĚĞ
ĞĚƚĞĐŚ ĂŶĚ ǁŝƚŚŝŶ ƚŚĞ ĨƵƚƵƌĞ ŽĨ ĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ͘ ĐĐŽƌĚŝŶŐ ƚŽ
In 2020, …venture capital investments in AI ƵƐƚƌĂůŝĂŶ ƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞƌƐ >ŽďĞů ĂŶĚ ,ĂǁĐƌŽŌ ;ϮϬϮϮͿ͕ ͛Ǉ
start-ups reached a total of US$75 billion for ϮϬϮϱ͕ ŵŽƌĞ ƚŚĂŶ ϭ ďŝůůŝŽŶ ƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐ ŐůŽďĂůůǇ ĂƌĞ ĨŽƌĞĐĂƐƚ ĂƐ
ĐŽŶƐƵŵĞƌƐŽĨĞĚƚĞĐŚ͛͘ŶĚƐŽ͕ĂƐǁĞŐƌĂƉƉůĞǁŝƚŚƚŚĞĐŽŶĐĞƉƚ
the year, of which around US$2 billion was
ŽĨ ŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞ ŵŽďŝůŝƐĂƟŽŶ͕ ƚŚĞ ƵƐĞ ŽĨ ŐĞŶĞƌĂƟǀĞ ĂƌƟĮĐŝĂů
invested in AI in education companies, mostly
ŝŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶĐĞĂŶĚĐŽŶǀĞƌƐĂƟŽŶƐǁŝƚŚĐŚĂƚďŽƚƐ͕ŝƐŝƚĂƟŵĞĨŽƌ
in the US. It is these companies that are selling ŵŝŶĚĨƵůĐŚŽŝĐĞƐĂŶĚǁĞůůͲĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĞĚŝŶƉƵƚƌĂƚŚĞƌƚŚĂŶŶŽŶͲ
their approaches globally, creating what has ĞŶŐĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ͍
been called an AIED colonialism: companies
making claims to territory in the educational
landscape around the world…
We can either leave it to others (the
dŚĞ ƵƐƚƌĂůŝĂŶ 'ŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚ ŚĂƐ ŵĂĚĞ ƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚ ďƵĚŐĞƚ computer scientists, AI engineers and
ĂůůŽĐĂƟŽŶƐ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ĂƌĞĂ ŽĨ ƋƵĂŶƚƵŵ ĐĂƉĂďŝůŝƚǇ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ
big tech companies) to decide how
ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ ŽĨ ĐƌŝƟĐĂů ƚĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐŝĞƐ͘ ZĞĐĞŶƚůǇ͕ ƚŚĞ ĨĞĚĞƌĂů
ŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚĐĂůůĞĚĨŽƌƐƵďŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƐƌĞŐĂƌĚŝŶŐƚŚĞƵƐĞŽĨ/ŝŶ $UWLƪFLDO,QWHOOLJHQFHLQHGXFDWLRQ
ĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĂŶĚŝŶŝŶĚƵƐƚƌǇ͘dŚĞ,ŽƵƐĞ^ƚĂŶĚŝŶŐŽŵŵŝƩĞĞŽĨ unfolds, or we can engage
ƚŚĞĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚŽĨĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĂŶĚdƌĂŝŶŝŶŐŽƉĞŶĞĚĂŶInquiry in productive dialogue
ŝŶƚŽƚŚĞƵƐĞŽĨŐĞŶĞƌĂƟǀĞ/ǁŝƚŚŝŶƚŚĞƵƐƚƌĂůŝĂŶĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ
system͕ĂƐŬŝŶŐĨŽƌŝŶƉƵƚŽŶŝƐƐƵĞƐĂŶĚŽƉƉŽƌƚƵŶŝƟĞƐƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĞĚ
+ROPHVHWDO
ďǇŐĞŶĞƌĂƟǀĞ/ĂŶĚƚŚĞƉŽƚĞŶƟĂůŝŵƉĂĐƚƐŽŶƚŚĞĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ
ƐǇƐƚĞŵ͕ ĨƌŽŵ ĞĂƌůǇ ĐŚŝůĚŚŽŽĚ ĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ƐĐŚŽŽůƐ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ
ŚŝŐŚĞƌ ĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ ƐĞĐƚŽƌ͘ dŚĞ ŝŶƋƵŝƌǇ ŝŶƚĞŶĚƐ ƚŽ ĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚ
ǁŚĂƚďĞŶĞĮƚƐĂŶĚŝŵƉƌŽǀĞŵĞŶƚƐƚŚĞŶĞǁƚĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐǇĐŽƵůĚ
ĐƌĞĂƚĞ ĨŽƌ ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͕ ƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐ͕ ĞĚƵĐĂƚŽƌƐ ĂŶĚ ƐǇƐƚĞŵƐ͘ dŚĞ
ĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚ ŽĨ /ŶĚƵƐƚƌǇ ĂŶĚ ^ĐŝĞŶĐĞ ƌĞůĞĂƐĞĚ Ă ĚŝƐĐƵƐƐŝŽŶ
ƉĂƉĞƌ͕ Safe and responsible AI in Australia and launched a
ǁĞďƐŝƚĞ ŝŶǀŝƟŶŐ ĐŽŵŵĞŶƚ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ ĂŶ ŽŶůŝŶĞ ƐƵƌǀĞǇ ĂŶĚͬŽƌ
ůŽĚŐĞŵĞŶƚŽĨĂƐƵďŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ͘
86
^Ž͕ ǁŚĂƚ ŝƐ ŐĞŶĞƌĂƟǀĞ ĂƌƟĮĐŝĂů ŝŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶĐĞ͕ ,ŽǁĞǀĞƌ͕ ƚŚĞƌĞ ĂƌĞ ŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚ ĞƚŚŝĐĂů ĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĂƟŽŶƐ ƚŚĂƚ
ĂŶĚǁŚĂƚŝƐŚĂƚ',W͍ ƐŚŽƵůĚďĞƚĂŬĞŶŝŶƚŽĂĐĐŽƵŶƚ͘dŚĞƐĞŝŶĐůƵĚĞ͗
ϭ͘ WƌŝǀĂĐǇĂŶĚĚĂƚĂƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇ͗dŚĞƵƐĞŽĨ/ŝŶĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶŽŌĞŶ
'ĞŶĞƌĂƟǀĞ / ŝƐ ƚŚĞ ƉƌŽĐĞƐƐ ŽĨ / ĂůŐŽƌŝƚŚŵƐ ŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŶŐ Žƌ ŝŶǀŽůǀĞƐĐŽůůĞĐƟŶŐĂŶĚĂŶĂůǇƐŝŶŐĚĂƚĂĂďŽƵƚ΀ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͛Ɛ΁
ĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂŶŽƵƚƉƵƚ͕ƐƵĐŚĂƐƚĞǆƚ͕ƉŚŽƚŽ͕ǀŝĚĞŽ͕ĐŽĚĞ͕ĚĂƚĂ͕ĂŶĚ ƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐ͛ ůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ ďĞŚĂǀŝŽƵƌƐ ĂŶĚ ŽƵƚĐŽŵĞƐ͘ dŚŝƐ ĐĂŶ
ϯ ƌĞŶĚĞƌŝŶŐƐ͕ ĨƌŽŵ ĚĂƚĂ ƚŚĞǇ ĂƌĞ ƚƌĂŝŶĞĚ ŽŶ͘ dŚĞ ƉƵƌƉŽƐĞ ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂůůǇ ŝŶĨƌŝŶŐĞ ŽŶ ƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐ͛ ƉƌŝǀĂĐǇ ƌŝŐŚƚƐ ŝĨ ŶŽƚ
ŽĨ ŐĞŶĞƌĂƟǀĞ / ŝƐ ƚŽ ĐƌĞĂƚĞ ĐŽŶƚĞŶƚ͕ ĂƐ ŽƉƉŽƐĞĚ ƚŽ ŽƚŚĞƌ ŚĂŶĚůĞĚĂƉƉƌŽƉƌŝĂƚĞůǇ͘
ĨŽƌŵƐŽĨ/͕ǁŚŝĐŚŵŝŐŚƚďĞƵƐĞĚĨŽƌŽƚŚĞƌƉƵƌƉŽƐĞƐ͕ƐƵĐŚĂƐ Ϯ͘ ŝĂƐĂŶĚĨĂŝƌŶĞƐƐ͗/ƐǇƐƚĞŵƐĐĂŶŝŶĂĚǀĞƌƚĞŶƚůǇƉĞƌƉĞƚƵĂƚĞ
ĂŶĂůǇƐŝŶŐĚĂƚĂŽƌŚĞůƉŝŶŐƚŽĐŽŶƚƌŽůĂƐĞůĨͲĚƌŝǀŝŶŐĐĂƌ͘ Žƌ ĂŵƉůŝĨǇ ĞǆŝƐƟŶŐ ďŝĂƐĞƐ ŝĨ ƚŚĞǇ ĂƌĞ ƚƌĂŝŶĞĚ ŽŶ ďŝĂƐĞĚ
ĚĂƚĂŽƌƵƐĞĚŝŶďŝĂƐĞĚǁĂǇƐ͘dŚŝƐĐŽƵůĚƉŽƚĞŶƟĂůůǇůĞĂĚ
ZĞĐĞŶƚ ƚĞǆƚͲďĂƐĞĚ / ŵŽĚĞůƐ͕ ƐƵĐŚ ĂƐ ŚĂƚ'Wd͕ ĂƌĞ ƚƌĂŝŶĞĚ to unfair or discriminatory treatment of certain groups of
ďǇďĞŝŶŐŐŝǀĞŶŵĂƐƐŝǀĞĂŵŽƵŶƚƐŽĨƚĞǆƚŝŶĂƉƌŽĐĞƐƐŬŶŽǁŶ ΀ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶͬĨĂŵŝůŝĞƐ΁ƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐ͘
ĂƐƐĞůĨͲƐƵƉĞƌǀŝƐĞĚůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐʹƵƐƵĂůůǇĨƌŽŵĂĐƌŽƐƐƚŚĞŝŶƚĞƌŶĞƚ ϯ͘ dƌĂŶƐƉĂƌĞŶĐǇ ĂŶĚ ĞǆƉůĂŝŶ ĂďŝůŝƚǇ͗ / ƐǇƐƚĞŵƐ ĂƌĞ ŽŌĞŶ
ĂŶĚ ĨƌŽŵ ƵƐĞƌ ŝŶƉƵƚ͘ /Ŷ ƚŚĞƐĞ ĐĂƐĞƐ͕ ƚŚĞ ŵŽĚĞů ůĞĂƌŶƐ ĨƌŽŵ ͚ďůĂĐŬ ďŽǆĞƐ͛ ƚŚĂƚ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞ ŽƵƚƉƵƚƐ ;Ğ͘Ő͕͘ ĂƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚ
ƚŚĞ ŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶ ŝƚ ŝƐ ĨĞĚ ƚŽ ƚŚĞŶ ŵĂŬĞ ƉƌĞĚŝĐƟŽŶƐ ĂŶĚ ƐĐŽƌĞƐŽƌƌĞĐŽŵŵĞŶĚĂƟŽŶƐͿǁŝƚŚŽƵƚĐůĞĂƌĞǆƉůĂŶĂƟŽŶƐ
ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞ ĂŶƐǁĞƌƐ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ĨƵƚƵƌĞ͘ Ƶƚ ƚŚĞƌĞ ĂƌĞ ŶŽ ŐƵĂƌĂŶƚĞĞƐ ŽĨŚŽǁƚŚĞǇǁĞƌĞĚĞƌŝǀĞĚ͘dŚŝƐůĂĐŬŽĨƚƌĂŶƐƉĂƌĞŶĐǇĐĂŶ
ƚŚĞ ƉƌĞĚŝĐƟŽŶ ǁŝůů ďĞ ĐŽƌƌĞĐƚ͘ dŚĞ ƌĞƐƉŽŶƐĞƐ ŵŝŐŚƚ ĂůƐŽ ŵĂŬĞŝƚĚŝĸĐƵůƚĨŽƌĞĚƵĐĂƚŽƌƐĂŶĚƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐƚŽƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚ͕
incorporate biases inherent in the content the model has ĐŚĂůůĞŶŐĞ͕ŽƌĂƉƉĞĂůƚŚĞ/͛ƐĚĞĐŝƐŝŽŶƐ͘
ŝŶŐĞƐƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŝŶƚĞƌŶĞƚ͘ ϰ͘ ĞƉĞŶĚĞŶĐĞ ŽŶ ƚĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐǇ͗ KǀĞƌͲƌĞůŝĂŶĐĞ ŽŶ / ĐŽƵůĚ
ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂůůǇ ƌĞĚƵĐĞ ƚŚĞ ƌŽůĞ ŽĨ ŚƵŵĂŶ ũƵĚŐŵĞŶƚ ĂŶĚ
ŚĂƚ'Wd ŝƐ Ă ŶĂƚƵƌĂů ůĂŶŐƵĂŐĞ ƉƌŽĐĞƐƐŝŶŐ ƚŽŽů ĚƌŝǀĞŶ ďǇ / ŝŶƚĞƌĂĐƟŽŶ ŝŶ ĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ͕ ǁŚŝĐŚ ĂƌĞ ǀŝƚĂů ĨŽƌ ĞīĞĐƟǀĞ
ƚĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐǇƚŚĂƚĂůůŽǁƐǇŽƵƚŽŚĂǀĞŚƵŵĂŶͲůŝŬĞĐŽŶǀĞƌƐĂƟŽŶƐ ƚĞĂĐŚŝŶŐĂŶĚůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ͘
ĂŶĚ ŵƵĐŚ ŵŽƌĞ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ ĐŚĂƚďŽƚ͘ dŚĞ ůĂŶŐƵĂŐĞ ŵŽĚĞů ĐĂŶ
ĂŶƐǁĞƌƋƵĞƐƟŽŶƐĂŶĚĂƐƐŝƐƚǇŽƵǁŝƚŚƚĂƐŬƐƐƵĐŚĂƐĐŽŵƉŽƐŝŶŐ dŚĞƐĞĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĂƟŽŶƐĂůŝŐŶǁŝƚŚƚŚĞƉƌŝŶĐŝƉůĞƐŽƵƚůŝŶĞĚŝŶƚŚĞ
ĞŵĂŝůƐ͕ĞƐƐĂǇƐ͕ĂŶĚĐŽĚĞ͘ hE ŽŶǀĞŶƟŽŶ ŽŶ ƚŚĞ ZŝŐŚƚƐ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ŚŝůĚ͕ ƚŚĞ ŽĚĞ ŽĨ
ŽŶĚƵĐƚ͕ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ ĂƌůǇ zĞĂƌƐ >ĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ &ƌĂŵĞǁŽƌŬ sϮ͘Ϭ͕ Ăůů
ŚĂƚ'WdǁĂƐĐƌĞĂƚĞĚďǇKƉĞŶ/͕ĂŶ/ĂŶĚƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĐŽŵƉĂŶǇ ŽĨ ǁŚŝĐŚ ĞŵƉŚĂƐŝƐĞ ƚŚĞ ŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶĐĞ ŽĨ ƉƌŽƚĞĐƟŶŐ ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͛Ɛ
ĂŶĚůĂƵŶĐŚĞĚŝŶEŽǀĞŵďĞƌϮϬϮϮ͘ ƌŝŐŚƚƐ͕ ƉƌŽŵŽƟŶŐ ƚŚĞŝƌ ǁĞůůďĞŝŶŐ͕ ĂŶĚ ƉƌŽǀŝĚŝŶŐ ƚŚĞŵ
ǁŝƚŚ Ă ŚŝŐŚͲƋƵĂůŝƚǇ ĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ͘ dŚĞǇ ĂůƐŽ ƌĞƐŽŶĂƚĞ ǁŝƚŚ ƚŚĞ
ŚĂƚ'Wd͛Ɛ ƌĞƐƉŽŶƐĞ ƚŽ Ă ƋƵĞƐƟŽŶ ĂďŽƵƚ ĐĂƵƟŽŶĂƌǇƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨŵĂŶǇƚĞĂĐŚĞƌƐƚŽǁĂƌĚƐƚŚĞƵƐĞŽĨŶĞǁ
ƚĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐŝĞƐ͘
ƉĞĚĂŐŽŐŝĐĂůĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶĂŶĚĞƚŚŝĐƐ͘
/Ŷ ĐŽŶĐůƵƐŝŽŶ͕ ǁŚŝůĞ / ĐŽƵůĚ ŽīĞƌ ŵĂŶǇ ďĞŶĞĮƚƐ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ
Ɛ ĂŶ /͕ / ĚŽŶ͛ƚ ŚĂǀĞ ƉĞƌƐŽŶĂů ďĞůŝĞĨƐ͕ ĨĞĞůŝŶŐƐ͕ Žƌ ĞƚŚŝĐĂů
ĐŽŶƚĞǆƚ ŽĨ ƉĞĚĂŐŽŐŝĐĂů ĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ĂƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚ͕ ŝƚ͛Ɛ
ƐƚĂŶĐĞƐ͘ ,ŽǁĞǀĞƌ͕ / ĐĂŶ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞ ĂŶ ĂŶĂůǇƐŝƐ ďĂƐĞĚ ŽŶ ŵǇ
crucial to carefully consider and address these ethical issues
ƚƌĂŝŶŝŶŐĚĂƚĂĂŶĚĞǆŝƐƟŶŐŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞƵƉƵŶƟůŵǇůĂƐƚƵƉĚĂƚĞ
ƚŽĞŶƐƵƌĞƚŚĂƚŝƚƐƵƐĞĂůŝŐŶƐǁŝƚŚƚŚĞƉƌŝŶĐŝƉůĞƐŽĨĐŚŝůĚƌŝŐŚƚƐ͕
ŝŶ^ĞƉƚĞŵďĞƌϮϬϮϭ͘
ƉƌŽĨĞƐƐŝŽŶĂůĐŽŶĚƵĐƚ͕ĂŶĚƋƵĂůŝƚǇĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ͕ĂŶĚƌĞƐƉĞĐƚƐƚŚĞ
ĐĂƵƟŽŶĂƌǇƐƚĂŶĐĞŽĨƚĞĂĐŚĞƌƐƚŽǁĂƌĚƐŶĞǁƚĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐŝĞƐ͘
dŚĞƵƐĞŽĨ/ŝŶƉĞĚĂŐŽŐŝĐĂůĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶĂŶĚĂƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚ
ŚĂƐƚŚĞƉŽƚĞŶƟĂůƚŽŽīĞƌŵĂŶǇďĞŶĞĮƚƐ͕ƐƵĐŚĂƐƉĞƌƐŽŶĂůŝƐŝŶŐ
>ŝƐĂ ƌǇĂŶƚ͛Ɛ ĂƌƟĐůĞ hŶůĞĂƐŚŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ŚĂƚ'Wd ZĞǀŽůƵƟŽŶ͗
ŝŶƐƚƌƵĐƟŽŶ͕ŝĚĞŶƟĨǇŝŶŐůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐƉĂƩĞƌŶƐ͕ĂŶĚƉƌŽǀŝĚŝŶŐƌĞĂůͲ
WĂƌĂĚŝŐŵ^ŚŝŌŝŶĂƌůǇŚŝůĚŚŽŽĚĚƵĐĂƟŽŶŽīĞƌƐĂůŽĐĂůǀŝĞǁ
ƟŵĞĨĞĞĚďĂĐŬ͘/ƚĐŽƵůĚĂůƐŽŚĞůƉƚŽƌĞĚƵĐĞƚŚĞǁŽƌŬůŽĂĚŽĨ
ŽŶƚŚĞƵƐĞŽĨŚĂƚ'WdĂŶĚƉĞĚĂŐŽŐŝĐĂůĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ͙
ĞĚƵĐĂƚŽƌƐ͕ĂůůŽǁŝŶŐƚŚĞŵƚŽĨŽĐƵƐŵŽƌĞŽŶĚŝƌĞĐƚŝŶƐƚƌƵĐƟŽŶ
ĂŶĚŝŶƚĞƌĂĐƟŽŶǁŝƚŚ΀ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ΁ƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐ͘
87
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ŝŐŶƵŵ͕s͘ƚŚŝĐƐŝŶĂƌƟĮĐŝĂůŝŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶĐĞ͗ŝŶƚƌŽĚƵĐƟŽŶƚŽƚŚĞƐƉĞĐŝĂůŝƐƐƵĞ͘
Olya Kudina, lecturer, graduate
ƚŚŝĐƐ/ŶĨdĞĐŚŶŽůϮϬ͕ϭʹϯ;ϮϬϭϴͿ͘ŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬĚŽŝ͘ŽƌŐͬϭϬ͘ϭϬϬϳͬƐϭϬϲϳϲͲϬϭϴͲ and undergraduate courses
ϵϰϱϬͲǌ
on AI and ethics at Delft
'ĞŽƌŐĂůĂŬŝĂ͕:͘;ϮϬϮϯͿƌŝĚŐŝŶŐĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚǁĂǇƐŽĨŬŶŽǁŝŶŐŝŶĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ
ƐǇƐƚĞŵƐ͘ŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘ŐƉĞŬŝǆ͘ŽƌŐͬďůŽŐͬďƌŝĚŐŝŶŐͲĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚͲǁĂǇƐͲŬŶŽǁŝŶŐͲ University of Technology in the
ĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶͲƐǇƐƚĞŵƐ
Netherlands, uses ChatGPT with
ƵƐƚƌĂůŝĂŶ'ŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚŽĨĚƵĐĂƟŽŶΘdƌĂŝŶŝŶŐ;ϮϬϭϵͿ
ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚZĞƉŽƌƚƌƟĮĐŝĂů/ŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶĐĞĂŶĚŵĞƌŐŝŶŐdĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐŝĞƐŝŶ^ĐŚŽŽůƐ her students. She advocates
ĐŽŵŵŝƐƐŝŽŶĞĚďǇƚŚĞŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬĂƉŽ͘ŽƌŐ͘ĂƵͬƐŝƚĞƐͬĚĞĨĂƵůƚͬĮůĞƐͬƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞͲ
ĮůĞƐͬϮϬϭϵͲϬϴͬĂƉŽͲŶŝĚϮϱϰϯϬϭ͘ƉĚĨ for her profession to ‘critically
K;ϮϬϮϭͿdŚĞKŝŐŝƚĂůĚƵĐĂƟŽŶKƵƚůŽŽŬϮϬϮϭWƵƐŚŝŶŐƚŚĞĨƌŽŶƟĞƌƐ appropriate’ the technology and
ǁŝƚŚ/͕ďůŽĐŬĐŚĂŝŶ͕ĂŶĚƌŽďŽƚƐŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬĚŝŐŝƚĂůͲĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶͲŽƵƚůŽŽŬ͘ŽĞĐĚ͘ŽƌŐ
ŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬƌĞĂĚ͘ŽĞĐĚͲŝůŝďƌĂƌǇ͘ŽƌŐͬǀŝĞǁ͍ͬƌĞĨсϭϬϵϲͺϭϬϵϲϲϮϳͲ ƪQGPRUHFUHDWLYHZD\V
ŽϱĐϵƌŝϰĨŐƋΘƟƚůĞс,ŝŐŚůŝŐŚƚƐͲKͲŝŐŝƚĂůͲĚƵĐĂƟŽŶͲKƵƚůŽŽŬͲϮϬϮϭ
ZĞĂĚĨƵůůƉƵďůŝĐĂƟŽŶŽŶůŝŶĞ͗ŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘ŽĞĐĚ͘ŽƌŐͬĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶͬŽĞĐĚͲĚŝŐŝƚĂůͲ
to collaborate with it.
ĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶͲŽƵƚůŽŽŬͲϳĩīĨϰϱͲĞŶ͘Śƚŵ
ƵƌŽƉĞŽƵŶĐŝů;ϮϬϮϮͿƌƟĮĐŝĂů/ŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶĐĞĂŶĚĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ͗ĐƌŝƟĐĂůǀŝĞǁ
ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞůĞŶƐŽĨŚƵŵĂŶƌŝŐŚƚƐ͕ĚĞŵŽĐƌĂĐǇĂŶĚƚŚĞƌƵůĞŽĨůĂǁ
ŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬƌŵ͘ĐŽĞ͘ŝŶƚͬĂƌƟĮĐŝĂůͲŝŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶĐĞͲĂŶĚͲĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶͲĂͲĐƌŝƟĐĂůͲǀŝĞǁͲ
ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚͲƚŚĞͲůĞŶƐͬϭϲϴϬĂϴϴϲďĚ
>ŽďĞů͕>͕͘Θ,ĂǁĐƌŽŌ͕͘;ϮϬϮϮͿ^ŚĂƉŝŶŐ/ĂŶĚĚƚĞĐŚƚŽdĂĐŬůĞƵƐƚƌĂůŝĂ͛Ɛ
>ĞĂƌŶŝŶŐŝǀŝĚĞ͘hŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇŽĨdĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐǇ^ǇĚŶĞǇŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬĚŽŝ͘ŽƌŐͬϭϬ͘ϱϳϵϱϲͬ
ŬǆǇĞͲƋĚϵϯ
ŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘ǌĚŶĞƚ͘ĐŽŵͬĂƌƟĐůĞͬǁŚĂƚͲŝƐͲĐŚĂƚŐƉƚͲĂŶĚͲǁŚǇͲĚŽĞƐͲŝƚͲŵĂƩĞƌͲ
ŚĞƌĞƐͲĞǀĞƌǇƚŚŝŶŐͲǇŽƵͲŶĞĞĚͲƚŽͲŬŶŽǁͬ
ŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘ǌĚŶĞƚ͘ĐŽŵͬĂƌƟĐůĞͬǁŚĂƚͲŝƐͲŐĞŶĞƌĂƟǀĞͲĂŝͲĂŶĚͲǁŚǇͲŝƐͲŝƚͲƐŽͲ
ƉŽƉƵůĂƌͲŚĞƌĞƐͲĞǀĞƌǇƚŚŝŶŐͲǇŽƵͲŶĞĞĚͲƚŽͲŬŶŽǁͬ
HOT OFF THE PRESS

‘Intelligence supposes goodwill,’
hůƟŵĂƚĞůǇ AI is only as good as the algorithm that operates Simone de Beauvoir wrote in
ŝƚ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ ĚĂƚĂ ƚŚĂƚ ƚƌĂŝŶƐ ŝƚ͕ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ ůĂǁƐ ƚŚĂƚ ƵŶĚĞƌƉŝŶ ŝƚ͘
the middle of the twentieth
/ĨƚŚĞƐĞĂƌĞŝŶĞīĞĐƟǀĞ͙ƚŚĞŶĐĂůĂŵŝƚǇĐĂŶĞŶƐƵĞ͘dŚĞƌĞĨŽƌĞ͕
ŚƵŵĂŶ ĐŚĞĐŬƐ ĂŶĚ ŝŶƚĞŶƐŝǀĞ ŽǀĞƌƐŝŐŚƚ ŵƵƐƚ ĨŽƌŵ ƚŚĞ century. In the decades since,
ĐŽƌŶĞƌƐƚŽŶĞŽĨĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚŝŶŐĂŶĞīĞĐƟǀĞĂŶĚĞƚŚŝĐĂů/ƐǇƐƚĞŵ as we have entered a new era
ŝŶ ƵƐƚƌĂůŝĂ͘ ZĂĐŚĂĞů &ĂůŬ͕ ŚŝĞĨ ǆĞĐƵƟǀĞ͕ ǇďĞƌ ^ĞĐƵƌŝƚǇ of technology risen from our
ZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ĞŶƚƌĞ ĂŶĚ ŵĞŵďĞƌ ŽĨ ƵƐƚƌĂůŝĂ͛Ɛ ĞǆƉĞƌƚ ĂĚǀŝƐŽƌǇ
ďŽĂƌĚĨŽƌƵƐƚƌĂůŝĂ͛ƐϮϬϮϯͲϯϬĐǇďĞƌƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇƐƚƌĂƚĞŐǇ͘
minds yet not always consonant
^ǇĚŶĞǇDŽƌŶŝŶŐ,ĞƌĂůĚϭϯ:ƵůǇϮϬϮϯ with our values, this question of
The Federal Trade Commission USA has opened an
goodwill has faded dangerously
ŝŶǀĞƐƟŐĂƟŽŶ ŝŶƚŽ KƉĞŶ/͕ ƚŚĞ ĂƌƟĮĐŝĂů ŝŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶĐĞ ƐƚĂƌƚͲƵƉ from the set of considerations
ƚŚĂƚŵĂŬĞƐŚĂƚ'Wd͕ŽǀĞƌǁŚĞƚŚĞƌƚŚĞĐŚĂƚďŽƚŚĂƐŚĂƌŵĞĚ DURXQGDUWLƪFLDOLQWHOOLJHQFHDQG
ĐŽŶƐƵŵĞƌƐƚŚƌŽƵŐŚŝƚƐĐŽůůĞĐƟŽŶŽĨĚĂƚĂĂŶĚŝƚƐƉƵďůŝĐĂƟŽŶŽĨ
the alarming cult of increasingly
ĨĂůƐĞŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶŽŶŝŶĚŝǀŝĚƵĂůƐ͘
ϭϯ:ƵůǇϮϬϮϯEĞǁzŽƌŬdŝŵĞƐ advanced algorithms, shiny with
technical triumph but dull with
ĂĐŬŐƌŽƵŶĚƌŝĞĮŶŐϭϰ:ƵůǇϮϬϮϯ
ǁǁǁ͘ĂďĐ͘ŶĞƚ͘ĂƵͬƌĂĚŝŽŶĂƟŽŶĂůͬƉƌŽŐƌĂŵƐͬ moral insensibility.
ďĂĐŬŐƌŽƵŶĚďƌŝĞĮŶŐͬƉͲĚŽŽŵͲͬϭϬϮϱϵϳϳϭϮ Maria Popova
88
UNLEASHING THE
CHATGPT REVOLUTION
A PARADIGM SHIFT IN EARLY
CHILDHOOD EDUCATION
LISA BRYANT
JOURNALIST & EARLY CHILDHOOD CONSULTANT
Ɛ ƐŽŵĞŽŶĞ ǁŚŽ ƌĞůŝĞƐ ŽŶ ŵǇ ĐĂƉĂĐŝƚǇ ƚŽ ĐƌĂŌ ƉƌŽƐĞ ƚŽ /ŵĂŐŝŶĞ͕ ŝĨ ǇŽƵ ǁŝůů͕ ƚŚĞ ƐǇŵƉŚŽŶǇ ƚŚĂƚ ǁŝůů ƵŶĨŽůĚ ǁŚĞŶ
ĞĂƌŶĂůŝǀŝŶŐ͕ǇŽƵǁŽƵůĚƚŚŝŶŬ/͛ĚďĞŚŽƌƌŝĮĞĚƚŚĂƚƚŚĞƌĞŶŽǁ ŚĂƚ'Wd ƚĂŬĞƐ ĐĞŶƚƌĞ ƐƚĂŐĞ ŝŶ ĞĂƌůǇ ĐŚŝůĚŚŽŽĚ ĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ͘
ĞǆŝƐƚƐĂŶĂƌƟĮĐŝĂůŝŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶĐĞƚŚĂƚĐŽƵůĚĚŽŵĞŽƵƚŽĨĂũŽď͘ ŽŶǀĞƌƐĂƟŽŶƐǁŝƚŚĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶƐŚĂůůďĞƚƌĂŶƐĐƌŝďĞĚĞīŽƌƚůĞƐƐůǇ͕
Ƶƚ/͛ŵŶŽƚ͘/ůŽǀĞŚĂƚ'WdĂŶĚ/͛ŵŚŽƌƌŝĮĞĚƚŚĂƚƚŚĞƌĞŚĂƐ ƐƉŽŶƚĂŶĞŽƵƐ ŵŽŵĞŶƚƐ ŽĨ ůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ ĐĂƉƚƵƌĞĚ ǁŝƚŚ Ă ŵĞƌĞ
ďĞĞŶ Ă ŬŶĞĞ ũĞƌŬ ƌĞĂĐƟŽŶ ĨƌŽŵ ƚŚŽƐĞ ƉĂƌƚƐ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƐĞĐƚŽƌ ŇŝĐŬ ŽĨ Ă ĚŝŐŝƚĂů ǁĂŶĚ͕ ĂŶĚ ƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶƐ ŽŶ ŽďƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶƐ ƐŚĂůů
ƚŚĂƚŚĂǀĞĐŽŵĞĂĐƌŽƐƐŝƚ͕ǁŽƌƌǇŝŶŐĂďŽƵƚĐŽŶĮĚĞŶƟĂůŝƚǇĂŶĚ ƌĞƐŽŶĂƚĞ ǁŝƚŚ ƉƌŽĨŽƵŶĚ ǁŝƐĚŽŵ͘ dŚĞ ƌĞƐƵůƚ͍ ůĂďŽƌĂƚĞ
ĚĞĐƌǇŝŶŐƚŚŽƐĞĞĚƵĐĂƚŽƌƐǁŚŽŵĂǇĐŚĞĂƚďǇƵƐŝŶŐŝƚƚŽĐƌĞĂƚĞ ĂŶĚ ĞŶĐŚĂŶƟŶŐ ƌĞĐŽƌĚƐ ƚŚĂƚ ĐĂŶ ďĞ ƐŚĂƌĞĚ ǁŝƚŚ ƉĂƌĞŶƚƐ͕
ĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ͘ ĐĂƌĞŐŝǀĞƌƐ͕ĂŶĚĨĞůůŽǁĞĚƵĐĂƚŽƌƐ͘ƵƚƚŚĂƚ͛ƐŶŽƚĂůů͊ŚĂƚ'Wd͛Ɛ
ůĂŶŐƵĂŐĞ ŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ ƉƌŽǁĞƐƐ ĂĚĚƐ Ă ƚŽƵĐŚ ŽĨ ďƌŝůůŝĂŶĐĞ ƚŽ
/Ŷ ƚŚĞ ǀŝďƌĂŶƚ ƌĞĂůŵ ŽĨ ĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ͕ ǁŚĞƌĞ ŝĚĞĂƐ ĚĂŶĐĞ ĂŶĚ ƚŚŝƐĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ͕ŽīĞƌŝŶŐŝŶƐŝŐŚƚƐĂŶĚĂŶĂůǇƐĞƐƚŚĂƚƵŶǀĞŝů
ŵŝŶĚƐƐƉĂƌŬ͕ƚĞĂĐŚĞƌƐĐŽŶƐƚĂŶƚůǇƐĞĞŬƚŚĞĞůƵƐŝǀĞĞůŝǆŝƌƚŚĂƚ ƚŚĞ ŚŝĚĚĞŶ ƌĞĂůŵƐ ŽĨ Ă ĐŚŝůĚ͛Ɛ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ ĂŶĚ ůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ
ĐĂƉƟǀĂƚĞƐǇŽƵŶŐŝŵĂŐŝŶĂƟŽŶƐ͘ŶĚŝŶƚŚŝƐŐƌĂŶĚƋƵĞƐƚ͕ĞĂƌůǇ ƉƌŽĐĞƐƐĞƐ͘
ĐŚŝůĚŚŽŽĚĞĚƵĐĂƚŽƌƐĞŵĞƌŐĞĂƐƚŚĞǀŝƌƚƵŽƐŽƐŽĨĨŽƵŶĚĂƟŽŶĂů
ůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ͘ dŚĞǇ ĂƌĞ ƚŚĞ ŵĂŐŝĐŝĂŶƐ ǁŚŽ ǁŝĞůĚ ƚŚĞ ƉŽǁĞƌ ƚŽ ^ĐĞƉƟĐƐ͕ ŽĨ ĐŽƵƌƐĞ͕ ǁŝůů ƌĂŝƐĞ ƚŚĞŝƌ ǀŽŝĐĞƐ ŝŶ ƉƌŽƚĞƐƚ͕ ĨĞĂƌŝŶŐ
ƐŚĂƉĞ ǇŽƵŶŐ ŚĞĂƌƚƐ ĂŶĚ ŵŝŶĚƐ͘ Ƶƚ ŝŶ Ă ǁŽƌůĚ ƚŚĂƚ ďĂƌƌĞůƐ ƚŚĞ ĚĞŚƵŵĂŶŝƐĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ ĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ Ăƚ ƚŚĞ ŚĂŶĚƐ ŽĨ /͘ Ƶƚ
ĨŽƌǁĂƌĚ ŝŶƚŽ ƚŚĞ ĚŝŐŝƚĂů ĂŐĞ͕ ŝƚ͛Ɛ ŚŝŐŚ ƟŵĞ ƚŚĞƐĞ ŵĂĞƐƚƌŽƐ / ŝŵƉůŽƌĞ ǇŽƵ͕ ůĞƚ ƵƐ ŶŽƚ ƐƵĐĐƵŵď ƚŽ ƐƵĐŚ ŶĂƌƌŽǁ ƚŚŝŶŬŝŶŐ͊
ŚĂƌŶĞƐƐ ƚŚĞ ĨƵůů ƉŽƚĞŶƟĂů ŽĨ ƚĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐŝĐĂů ŵĂƌǀĞůƐ͘ ŶƚĞƌ ŚĂƚ'WdŝƐŶŽƚĂƵƐƵƌƉĞƌ͕ďƵƚĂůŽǇĂůĐŽŵƉĂŶŝŽŶŝŶƚŚĞŐƌĞĂƚ
ŚĂƚ'Wd͕ĂůŝŶŐƵŝƐƟĐŵĂƌǀĞůďŝƌƚŚĞĚďǇƚŚĞŝŶŐĞŶŝŽƵƐŵŝŶĚƐĂƚ ƚĂƉĞƐƚƌǇŽĨůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ͘/ƚůŝďĞƌĂƚĞƐĞĚƵĐĂƚŽƌƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƐŚĂĐŬůĞƐ
KƉĞŶ/͘ƌĂĐĞǇŽƵƌƐĞůǀĞƐ͕ĨŽƌŝƚŚŽůĚƐƚŚĞŬĞǇƚŽƚƌĂŶƐĨŽƌŵŝŶŐ ŽĨ ĂĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟǀĞ ƚĂƐŬƐ͕ ŐƌĂŶƟŶŐ ƚŚĞŵ ƚŚĞ ƉƌĞĐŝŽƵƐ ŐŝŌ ŽĨ
ƉĞĚĂŐŽŐŝĐĂůĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶŝŶĞĂƌůǇĐŚŝůĚŚŽŽĚĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ͘ ƟŵĞ͘dŝŵĞƚŽŝŵŵĞƌƐĞƚŚĞŵƐĞůǀĞƐŝŶĂƵƚŚĞŶƟĐĐŽŶŶĞĐƟŽŶƐ
ǁŝƚŚĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͕ĨŽƐƚĞƌŝŶŐƐŽĐŝĂůͲĞŵŽƟŽŶĂůŐƌŽǁƚŚĂŶĚĐƌĂŌŝŶŐ
ŚĂƚ'Wd͕ƚŚĞǁƵŶĚĞƌŬŝŶĚŽĨůĂŶŐƵĂŐĞŵŽĚĞůƐ͕ŚĂƐƐŚĂƩĞƌĞĚ ƉĞƌƐŽŶĂůŝƐĞĚ ůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ ĞǆƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞƐ ƚŚĂƚ ůĞĂǀĞ ĂŶ ŝŶĚĞůŝďůĞ
ƚŚĞďŽƵŶĚĂƌŝĞƐŽĨĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶĂŶĚŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶƉƌŽĐĞƐƐŝŶŐ͘ ŵĂƌŬ͘
tŝƚŚ ŝƚƐ ƵŶĐĂŶŶǇ ĂďŝůŝƚǇ ƚŽ ĐŽŶũƵƌĞ ŚƵŵĂŶͲůŝŬĞ ƌĞƐƉŽŶƐĞƐ͕
ŝƚ ƐƚĂŶĚƐ ĂƐ Ă ƉŽƚĞŶƚ ƚŽŽů ĨŽƌ ƌĞǀŽůƵƟŽŶŝƐŝŶŐ ƉĞĚĂŐŽŐŝĐĂů K<͕ŶŽǁŝƚŝƐĐŽŶĨĞƐƐŝŽŶƟŵĞ͘/ǁƌŽƚĞƚŚĞĮƌƐƚƉĂƌĂŐƌĂƉŚŽĨ
ĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ ŝŶ ĞĂƌůǇ ĐŚŝůĚŚŽŽĚ ĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ͘ ƌŝƟĐƐ ŵĂǇ ƚŚŝƐĂƌƟĐůĞ͘ŚĂƚ'WdǁƌŽƚĞƚŚĞƌĞƐƚ͘&ƌŽŵŵǇƉƌŽŵƉƚƐ͘/͛ŵĂ
ƐĐŽīĂŶĚƌĂŝƐĞƚŚĞŝƌĞǇĞďƌŽǁƐĂƚƚŚĞŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƟŽŶŽĨĂƌƟĮĐŝĂů ďŝƚĂŶŐƌǇĂƚŝƚ͕ďĞĐĂƵƐĞ/ĂƐŬĞĚŝƚƚŽǁƌŝƚĞŝƚŝŶŵǇƐƚǇůĞĂŶĚŐĂǀĞ
ŝŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶĐĞ;/ͿŝŶƚŽƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ͕ďƵƚƚŚĞƟĚĞŽĨƉƌŽŐƌĞƐƐǁĂŝƚƐ ŝƚĂƐĂŵƉůĞŽĨŵǇǁƌŝƟŶŐ͘/ŚŽƉĞŵǇůĂŶŐƵĂŐĞŝƐŶ͛ƚƋƵŝƚĞĂƐ
ĨŽƌŶŽĚŽƵďƚĞƌƐ͘ ŇŽƌŝĚĂƐŚĂƚ'WdƚŚŝŶŬƐŝƚŝƐ͕ďƵƚ/͛ŵƐƟůůƉůĞĂƐĂŶƚůǇƐƵƌƉƌŝƐĞĚ
ĂƚƚŚĞŽƵƚƉƵƚ͘;dt͕ŝŶĐĂƐĞǇŽƵĂƌĞĐŽŶĨƵƐĞĚƚŚĞƌĞƐƚŽĨƚŚŝƐ
WĞĚĂŐŽŐŝĐĂů ĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ ŝƐ ƚŚĞ ƐĂĐƌĞĚ Ăƌƚ ŽĨ ĐĂƉƚƵƌŝŶŐ ĂƌƟĐůĞĨƌŽŵƚŚŝƐƉĂƌĂŐƌĂƉŚŽŶŝƐĂůƐŽǁƌŝƩĞŶďǇŵĞ͘Ϳ
Ă ĐŚŝůĚ͛Ɛ ĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĂů ũŽƵƌŶĞǇ͘ /ƚ ŝƐ ĂŶ ŝŶƚƌŝĐĂƚĞ ĚĂŶĐĞ ŽĨ
ĐŽůůĞĐƟŶŐ ĞǀŝĚĞŶĐĞ͕ ǁĞĂǀŝŶŐ ƚŽŐĞƚŚĞƌ ƉŚŽƚŽŐƌĂƉŚƐ͕ ǀŝĚĞŽƐ͕ ǀĞŶƚŚŽƵŐŚŝƚŵĂǇĚŽŵĞŽƵƚŽĨĂũŽď͕/ůŽǀĞŚĂƚ'Wd͘ŶĚ/
ĂŶĚ ŽďƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶƐ ƚŽ ŝůůƵŵŝŶĂƚĞ ƚŚĞ ƉĂƚŚ ŽĨ ůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ͘ Ƶƚ ƌĞĐŬŽŶŽƵƌƐĞĐƚŽƌƐŚŽƵůĚĞŵďƌĂĐĞŝƚĂƐǁĞůů͘
ĂůĂƐ͕ƚŚŝƐĚĂŶĐĞŚĂƐďĞĞŶĂŶĂƌĚƵŽƵƐĂīĂŝƌĨŽƌŽƵƌĞƐƚĞĞŵĞĚ
ĞĚƵĐĂƚŽƌƐ͘ &ĞĂƌ ŶŽƚ͕ ĨŽƌ ŚĂƚ'Wd ƐŚĂůů ƐǁŽŽƉ ŝŶ ĂŶĚ ƌĞƐĐƵĞ ǀĞƌǇ ƚĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐŝĐĂů ĂĚǀĂŶĐĞ ĞǀĞƌ ŝƐ ƌĞƐŝƐƚĞĚ ďǇ ƉĞŽƉůĞ͘ Ǉ
ƚŚĞŵĨƌŽŵƚŚĞũĂǁƐŽĨĚƌƵĚŐĞƌǇ͊ ŽůĚĞƌ ĨŽůŬƐ͖ ͚ĂĐŬ ŝŶ ŵǇ ĚĂǇ ǁĞ ĚŝĚŶ͛ƚ ŚĂǀĞ ĐĂůĐƵůĂƚŽƌƐ ƚŽ
ĚŽ ŽƵƌ ĂƌŝƚŚŵĞƟĐ͛͘ Ǉ ƚŚŽƐĞ ǁŚŽ ĂƌĞ ƐĐĂƌĞĚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ŝŵƉĂĐƚ
ŽĨĐŚĂŶŐĞ͚͗^ĐƌĞĞŶƐĂƌĞďĂĚĨŽƌĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͕ǁĞƐŚŽƵůĚŶ͛ƚŚĂǀĞ
ƐŵĂƌƚďŽĂƌĚƐŝŶŽƵƌƌŽŽŵƐ͛͘ǇƚŚŽƐĞǁŚŽĚŽŶ͛ƚůŝŬĞƚŚĞŝĚĞĂ
ŽĨƚŚŝŶŐƐďĞŝŶŐĞĂƐŝĞƌ͚͗,ŽǁǁŝůůĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶĞǀĞƌůĞĂƌŶƚŽǁƌŝƚĞŝĨ
ƚŚĞǇƵƐĞĂŬĞǇďŽĂƌĚ͍͛
89
ƵƚƚŚĞƌĞĂůŝƚǇŝƐƚŚĂƚĞǀĞƌǇĐŚŝůĚƚŚĂƚǇŽƵŶŽǁƚĞĂĐŚǁŝůůĐĂƌƌǇ
dĞĂĐŚĞƌƐ ĂŶĚ ĞĚƵĐĂƚŽƌƐ ĂƌĞ ŽǀĞƌǁŽƌŬĞĚ ĂŶĚ ƵŶĚĞƌƉĂŝĚ͘ /Ĩ
ĂĐŽŵƉƵƚĞƌŝŶƚŚĞŝƌƉŽĐŬĞƚ;ĂƉŚŽŶĞͿŵŽƌĞƉŽǁĞƌĨƵůƚŚĂŶĂŶǇ
ŚĂƚ'WdĐĂŶŚĞůƉŵĂŬĞĂŶǇŽŶĞ͛ƐǁŽƌŬůŽĂĚůŝŐŚƚĞƌ͕ƚŚĞŶ/Ăŵ
ĐŽŵƉƵƚĞƌƚŚĂƚĐƵƌƌĞŶƚůǇĞǆŝƐƚƐ͘tĞĂůůƵƐĞƚĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐǇƚŽŵĂŬĞ
ĂůůĨŽƌŝƚ͊
ŽƵƌůŝǀĞƐĞĂƐŝĞƌ͘tŚǇƐŚŽƵůĚŶ͛ƚǁĞƵƐĞŝƚƚŽŵĂŬĞƉĞĚĂŐŽŐŝĐĂů
ĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶĞĂƐŝĞƌ͍
ŌĞƌĂůů͕ŝƚũƵƐƚǁŽƌŬĞĚĨŽƌŵĞ͙
EŽǁ/ŚĂǀĞƚŽĚŽŵǇƵƐƵĂůĐŽŶĨĞƐƐŝŽŶŚĞƌĞ͘/͛ŵŶŽƚĂƚĞĂĐŚĞƌ
ŽƌĂŶĞĚƵĐĂƚŽƌ͘Ƶƚ/ŽďƐĞƌǀĞƚŚŝƐƐĞĐƚŽƌŵŝŶƵƚĞůǇ͘/ƐĞĞƚŚĞ 6 ways ChatGPT could be used by early
ĐŽŶƚŽƌƟŽŶƐ ƚŚĞ ƐĞĐƚŽƌ ŐĞƚƐ ŝƚƐĞůĨ ŝŶƚŽ ǁŝƚŚ ĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ͘ childhood teachers and educators
tŚĂƚƐĐĂƌĞƐŵĞŵŽƐƚŝƐƚŚĞƐƚƌĂƟĮĐĂƟŽŶƚŚĂƚŝƐŚĂƉƉĞŶŝŶŐ͘
/Ŷ ŚŝŐŚ ƋƵĂůŝƚǇ ĐĞŶƚƌĞƐ ĞĚƵĐĂƚŽƌƐ ĂŶĚ ƚĞĂĐŚĞƌƐ ĞīŽƌƚůĞƐƐůǇ 1. ZĞŇĞĐƟǀĞ ŽŶǀĞƌƐĂƟŽŶƐ͗ ŶŐĂŐĞ ŝŶ ƌĞŇĞĐƟǀĞ
ƉƌŽĚƵĐĞ͕ ŝŶƚĞƌƌŽŐĂƚĞ ĂŶĚ ƌĞŇĞĐƚ ŽŶ ƚŚĞŝƌ ĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ ƚŽ ĐŽŶǀĞƌƐĂƟŽŶƐ ǁŝƚŚ ŚĂƚ'Wd ƚŽ ĞǆƉůŽƌĞ ĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚ
ƉƌŽŐƌĂŵǁŽŶĚĞƌĨƵůůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐĞǆƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞƐĨŽƌĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͘/ŶƉŽŽƌ ƉĞƌƐƉĞĐƟǀĞƐ ŽŶ ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͛Ɛ ůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ͘
ƋƵĂůŝƚǇ ŽŶĞƐ ůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ ƐƚŽƌŝĞƐ ĂƌĞ ĐŚƵƌŶĞĚ ŽƵƚ ďǇ ĞĚƵĐĂƚŽƌƐ zŽƵ ĐĂŶ ĚĞƐĐƌŝďĞ ĞǆƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞƐ Žƌ ƐŚĂƌĞ ŽďƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶƐ͕
ǁŝƚŚƉŽŽƌůŝƚĞƌĂĐǇĂƐĂǁĂǇŽĨŵĂƌŬĞƟŶŐƚŚĞĐĞŶƚƌĞƚŽƉĂƌĞŶƚƐ͘ ĂůůŽǁŝŶŐ ŚĂƚ'Wd ƚŽ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞ ĂůƚĞƌŶĂƟǀĞ ǀŝĞǁƉŽŝŶƚƐ Žƌ
dŚĞǇƚŚĞŶƐƚƌƵŐŐůĞƚŽĐŽŵĞƵƉǁŝƚŚ͚ĨŽůůŽǁƵƉĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐ͛ĨŽƌ ƉƌŽŵƉƚĨƵƌƚŚĞƌƋƵĞƐƟŽŶƐĨŽƌĚĞĞƉĞƌƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶ͘
ůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐƚŚĞǇĨĂŝůĞĚƚŽƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚŝŶƚŚĞĮƌƐƚƉŽŝŶƚ͘
2. ŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶKƌŐĂŶŝƐĂƟŽŶ͗hƐĞŚĂƚ'WdƚŽƐƚƌĞĂŵůŝŶĞ
ŶĚƚŚŝƐŝƐǁŚĞƌĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůĨĞĂƌŝŶƚŚĞƐĞĐƚŽƌĐŽŵĞƐĨƌŽŵ͘dŚĂƚ ƚŚĞ ĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ ƉƌŽĐĞƐƐ͘ /ƚ ĐĂŶ ŚĞůƉ ĐĂƚĞŐŽƌŝƐĞ͕
ƉŽŽƌƋƵĂůŝƚǇĞĚƵĐĂƚŽƌƐǁŝůůĐŚĞĂƚďǇƵƐŝŶŐŚĂƚ'WdƚŽǁƌŝƚĞ ƐŽƌƚ͕ ĂŶĚ ƐƵŵŵĂƌŝƐĞ ŽďƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶƐ͕ ŵĂŬŝŶŐ ŝƚ ĞĂƐŝĞƌ ƚŽ
ĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶůŝŬĞůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐƐƚŽƌŝĞƐ͘ ĐŽŵƉŝůĞ ŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶ ŝŶƚŽ ĐŽŚĞƌĞŶƚ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵƉƌĞŚĞŶƐŝǀĞ
ƉĞĚĂŐŽŐŝĐĂů ĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ͘ Ǉ ƉƌŽǀŝĚŝŶŐ ŬĞǇ ŬĞǇǁŽƌĚƐ
ƵƚŚĂƚ'WdƚĂŬĞƐŝŶƚĞůůŝŐĞŶĐĞĂŶĚƐŬŝůůƚŽŵĂƐƚĞƌ͘/ƚǁŽƌŬƐŽŶ ŽƌƐƉĞĐŝĮĐĐƌŝƚĞƌŝĂ͕ƚĞĂĐŚĞƌƐĐĂŶƌĞƋƵĞƐƚĂƐƐŝƐƚĂŶĐĞĨƌŽŵ
ƚŚĞƉƌŽŵƉƚƐǇŽƵŐŝǀĞŝƚ͘/ƵƐĞĚĂůůŵǇŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞŽĨǁƌŝƟŶŐ͕ ŚĂƚ'WdŝŶŽƌŐĂŶŝƐŝŶŐƚŚĞŝƌŽďƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶƐ͘
ŚĂƚ'WdĂŶĚƚŚĞĞĂƌůǇĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶƐĞĐƚŽƌƚŽŐĞƚŝƚƚŽǁƌŝƚĞƚŚĞ 3. WůĂŶŶŝŶŐ͗ ŚĂƚ'Wd ĐĂŶ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ ǇŽƵ ƚŽ ƉůĂŶ ĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐ
ƚĞǆƚ ƚŚĂƚ ƐƚĂƌƚĞĚ ƚŚŝƐ ĂƌƟĐůĞ͘ WŽŽƌ ƋƵĂůŝƚǇ ŝŶƉƵƚ ǁŝůů ůĞĂĚ ƚŽ ƚŚĂƚĂůŝŐŶǁŝƚŚĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͛ƐŝŶĚŝǀŝĚƵĂůŶĞĞĚƐĂŶĚŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƚƐ͘
ĐƌĂƉŽƵƚƉƵƚ͘ zŽƵ ĐĂŶ ĚĞƐĐƌŝďĞ ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͛Ɛ ĐƵƌƌĞŶƚ ĂďŝůŝƟĞƐ͕ ŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƚƐ͕
ĂŶĚ ĐŚĂůůĞŶŐĞƐ ƚŽ ŚĂƚ'Wd͕ ǁŚŝĐŚ ĐĂŶ ƚŚĞŶ ŐĞŶĞƌĂƚĞ
/ĨǁĞĂƌĞůŽŽŬŝŶŐƚŽŝĚĞŶƟĨǇĐĂƵƐĞĂƐƚŽǁŚǇŵĂŶǇĞĚƵĐĂƚŽƌƐĚŽ ƐƵŐŐĞƐƟŽŶƐ ĨŽƌ ĂƉƉƌŽƉƌŝĂƚĞ ĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐ͕ ƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐ͕ Žƌ
ŶŽƚƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚĂŶĚĂƌĞƵŶĂďůĞƚŽĐŽŵƉůĞƚĞƉĞĚͲĚŽĐ͕ůŽŽŬƚŽ ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĞƐƚŽƐƵƉƉŽƌƚƚŚĞŝƌĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ͘
ƚŚĞZdKƐƚŚĂƚŚĂǀĞĨĂůůĞŶƵŶĚĞƌƚŚĞƐĐƌƵƟŶǇŽĨƚŚĞƵƐƚƌĂůŝĂŶ
^ŬŝůůƐ YƵĂůŝƚǇ ƵƚŚŽƌŝƚǇ ;^YͿ͕ ƌĞƐƵůƟŶŐ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ^Y ϮϬϮϭ 4. WƌŽŽĨƌĞĂĚŝŶŐĂŶĚĞĚŝƟŶŐ͗ ŚĂƚ'WdĐĂŶŚĞůƉƚŚŽƐĞǁŚŽ
ZĞŐƵůĂƚŽƌǇ^ƚƌĂƚĞŐǇŝĚĞŶƟĨǇŝŶŐ͚ŽŶŐŽŝŶŐĐŽŶĐĞƌŶƐĂďŽƵƚĞĂƌůǇ ĂƌĞǁŽƌƌŝĞĚĂďŽƵƚƚŚĞƐƚĂŶĚĂƌĚŽĨƚŚĞŝƌǁƌŝƩĞŶůĂŶŐƵĂŐĞ
ĐŚŝůĚŚŽŽĚĐĂƌĞĂŶĚĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶƋƵĂůŝĮĐĂƟŽŶƐ͕ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐƚƌĂŝŶŝŶŐ ;ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐƚŚŽƐĞǁŚŽŚĂǀĞŶŐůŝƐŚĂƐĂƐĞĐŽŶĚůĂŶŐƵĂŐĞͿ
ĂŶĚĂƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚƉƌĂĐƟĐĞƐ͕ƉŽŽƌǁŽƌŬƉůĂĐĞŵĞŶƚŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ ƚŽŵĂŬĞƚŚĞŝƌƚĞǆƚĞƌƌŽƌĨƌĞĞ͘
ĂŶĚ Ă ůĂĐŬ ŽĨ ĐŽŶĮĚĞŶĐĞ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ũŽď ƌĞĂĚŝŶĞƐƐ ŽĨ ŐƌĂĚƵĂƚĞƐ͛͘
5. 'ĞŶĞƌĂƟŶŐƉĂƌĞŶƚĂůƵƉĚĂƚĞƐ͗ ǇĂůůŽǁŝŶŐƋƵŝĐŬĞƌƐƚƌĞƐƐͲ
dŚĞŽƵƚĐŽŵĞĨŽƌƚŚĞƐĞĐƚŽƌʹĞĚƵĐĂƚŽƌƐŐƌĂĚƵĂƟŶŐǁŝƚŚŽƵƚĂŶ
ĨƌĞĞĐŽŵƉůĞƟŽŶŽĨƐŽŵĞǁŝĚĞƌĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶƚĂƐŬƐƐƵĐŚ
ƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐŽĨƚŚĞŝƌƌŽůĞ͕ŽƌƚŚĞƐŬŝůůƐƌĞƋƵŝƌĞĚƚŽĐŽŵƉůĞƚĞ
ĂƐĚĂŝůǇĚŝĂƌŝĞƐŽƌƵƉĚĂƚĞƐĨŽƌƉĂƌĞŶƚƐ͕ŚĂƚ'WdĐĂŶĨƌĞĞ
ƐŽŵĞŽĨƚŚĞŬĞǇũŽďƌĞƋƵŝƌĞŵĞŶƚƐ͘ŶŽƚŚĞƌŝŵƉĂĐƟŶŐĨĂĐƚŽƌ
educators and teachers to complete actual pedagogical
ŝƐ ƚŚĞ ůŽǁͲǁĂŐĞ ƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ͘ >Žǁ ǁĂŐĞƐ ĂŶĚ ůŽǁ ĞŶƚƌǇͲůĞǀĞů
ĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ͘
ƌĞƋƵŝƌĞŵĞŶƚƐĂƩƌĂĐƚƉĞŽƉůĞǁŝƚŚůŽǁůŝƚĞƌĂĐǇůĞǀĞůƐ͘ϮϬϭϴ
ǁŽƌŬĨŽƌĐĞƌĞƉŽƌƚ;ĂĐƌŽƐƐĂůůƐĞĐƚŽƌƐĂŶĚŝŶĚƵƐƚƌŝĞƐͿŝĚĞŶƟĮĞĚ 6. >ĂŶŐƵĂŐĞ ĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ ^ƵƉƉŽƌƚ͗ ŽůůĂďŽƌĂƚĞ ǁŝƚŚ
ƚŚĂƚϵϵйŽĨĞŵƉůŽǇĞƌƐǁĞƌĞĚŝƐƐĂƟƐĮĞĚǁŝƚŚƚŚĞůŽǁůŝƚĞƌĂĐǇ ŚĂƚ'Wd ƚŽ ŐĞŶĞƌĂƚĞ ĂŐĞͲĂƉƉƌŽƉƌŝĂƚĞ ƋƵĞƐƟŽŶƐ Žƌ
ĂŶĚŶƵŵĞƌĂĐǇůĞǀĞůƐŽĨĞŵƉůŽǇĞĞƐŝŵƉĂĐƟŶŐƚŚĞĐŽŵƉůĞƟŽŶ ƉƌŽŵƉƚƐ ƚŚĂƚ ĞŶĐŽƵƌĂŐĞ ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͛Ɛ ůĂŶŐƵĂŐĞ ƐŬŝůůƐ ĂŶĚ
ŽĨƚĂƐŬƐƐƵĐŚĂƐƌĞƉŽƌƟŶŐĂŶĚĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ͘ ĞǆƚĞŶĚƚŚĞŝƌůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐĞǆƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞƐ͘
ŶĚ ĨĞĂƌƐ ĂďŽƵƚ ĐŽŶĮĚĞŶƟĂůŝƚǇ͍ &Žƌ 'ŽĚ͛Ɛ ƐĂŬĞ ĚŽŶ͛ƚ ƵƐĞ

ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͛ƐŶĂŵĞƐŝŶŚĂƚ'WdĂŶĚǇŽƵŚĂǀĞƐŽůǀĞĚƚŚŝƐŽŶĞ͊
But remember these words of wisdom of
ChatGPT itself: ‘It is important to note that
dŚĞǁŽƌƐƚƉĂƌƚŝƐƚŚĂƚƐŽŌǁĂƌĞǁŝůůĂŶĚŚĂƐďĞĞŶĚĞǀĞůŽƉĞĚ
ZKLOH&KDW*37FDQRƩHUYDOXDEOHVXSSRUWHDUO\
ƚŚĂƚ ǁŝůů ƉƵƚ ĂŶ ŝŶƚĞƌĨĂĐĞ ŽǀĞƌ ŚĂƚ'Wd ƚŚĂƚ ǁŝůů ĂůůŽǁ
childhood teachers and educators should always
ĞĚƵĐĂƚŽƌƐ ƚŽ ĂƐƐŝŐŶ z>& ŽƵƚĐŽŵĞƐ ƚŽ ĞĂĐŚ ůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ ƐƚŽƌǇ͘
critically evaluate the information generated
ŶĚǁŝůůƚŚĞŶďĞƐŽůĚƚŽĐĞŶƚƌĞƐĂƚĐŽƐƚ͘ƵƚƚŚŝƐŬŝŶĚŽĨĐƌĂƉ
and exercise their professional judgment
ĂůƌĞĂĚǇ ĞǆŝƐƚƐ ĂŶĚ ŝƐ ƵƐĞĚ ďǇ ĞĚƵĐĂƚŽƌƐ ĚĂŝůǇ͘ :ƵƐƚ ǁŝƚŚŽƵƚ
in incorporating it into their pedagogical
ƚŚĞďƌŝůůŝĂŶĐĞŽĨŚĂƚ'WdďĞŚŝŶĚŝƚ͘ŚĂƚ'WdŝƐĨƌĞĞ͘EŽďŽĚǇ
documentation and practice.’
ŶĞĞĚƐĂƉƌŽŐƌĂŵƚŚĂƚĚƌĞƐƐĞƐŝƚƵƉ͘
90
TRAUMA-INFORMED
WORKPLACE
EMMA RATTENBURY
EMMA RATTENBURY CONNECTIONS
dƌĂƵŵĂͲŝŶĨŽƌŵĞĚ ƉƌĂĐƟĐĞ ŝƐ ĂŶ ĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚ ƚŚĂƚ ŚĂƐ ŐĂŝŶĞĚ ŶĐŽƵƌĂŐŝŶŐƐĞůĨͲĐŽŵƉĂƐƐŝŽŶʹWƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌWĂƵů'ŝůďĞƌƚ͛ƐǁŽƌŬ

ƚƌĂĐƟŽŶŝŶƚŚĞĞĂƌůǇĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶƐĞĐƚŽƌŽǀĞƌƚŚĞƉĂƐƚĚĞĐĂĚĞ͘ ŽŶĐŽŵƉĂƐƐŝŽŶŝƐƉƌŽůŝĮĐ͘,ĞďĞůŝĞǀĞƐƚŚĂƚƚŽƐŚŽǁĐŽŵƉĂƐƐŝŽŶ
^ƉĞĐŝĮĐƉŽůŝĐŝĞƐ͕ƉƌŽĐĞĚƵƌĞƐ͕ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĞƐ͕ĂŶĚƌĞƐƉŽŶƐĞƐŚĂǀĞ ŝƐƚŽŐŽďĞǇŽŶĚĞŵƉĂƚŚǇǁŝƚŚĐŽƵƌĂŐĞĂŶĚǁŝƐĚŽŵƚŽĂĚĚƌĞƐƐ
ďĞĞŶ ĐƌĞĂƚĞĚ ĂŶĚ ĞŵďĞĚĚĞĚ ŝŶƚŽ ƉƌĂĐƟĐĞ ƚŽ ĞŶƐƵƌĞ ƚŚĂƚ ƐƵīĞƌŝŶŐ͘ ŶŽƟŽŶ ƚŚĂƚ ŝƐ ŶŽƚ ƵŶŬŶŽǁŶ ĂŵŽŶŐƐƚ ĞĚƵĐĂƚŽƌƐ
ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ ǁŚŽ ŚĂǀĞ ĞǆƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞĚ ƚƌĂƵŵĂ ĚŽ ŶŽƚ ŚĂǀĞ ƚŚĞƐĞ ǁŽƌŬŝŶŐ ǁŝƚŚ ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ ĂŶĚ ĨĂŵŝůŝĞƐ͘ ,ŽǁĞǀĞƌ͕ ĚŽ ǁĞ ĚŽ
ĂĚǀĞƌƐĞ ĞǆƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞƐ ƵŶŬŶŽǁŝŶŐůǇ ƌĞŝŶĨŽƌĐĞĚ ǁŝƚŚŝŶ ƚŚĞŝƌ ƚŚŝƐ ĨŽƌ ŽƵƌƐĞůǀĞƐ͍ tĞ͛ƌĞ Ăůů ŝŵƉĞƌĨĞĐƚ͕ ǇĞƚ ŝŶƐƚĞĂĚ ŽĨ ďĞŝŶŐ
ĞĂƌůǇůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚ͘ ĐŽŵƉĂƐƐŝŽŶĂƚĞ ƚŽǁĂƌĚƐ ŽƵƌƐĞůǀĞƐ͕ ƚŚĞ ĂƵƚŽŵĂƟĐ ƌĞƐƉŽŶƐĞ
ƚŽŽƵƌďůƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĞŶĚƐƚŽďĞƚŚĞŽƉƉŽƐŝƚĞ͘tĞƐĞĞƐĞůĨͲďůĂŵĞ͕
DŽƐƚĐŽŵŵŽŶůǇ͕ƚŚĞĨŽĐƵƐŽĨƚŚŝƐĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚŚĂƐďĞĞŶĐĞŶƚƌĞĚ ƋƵĞƐƟŽŶŝŶŐ ŽĨ ĐĂƉĂďŝůŝƟĞƐ ĂŶĚ Ă ĐŽŵŵŽŶ ƚƌĂƵŵĂ ƌĞƐƉŽŶƐĞ
on children and families and has not expanded to create ʹ ƐŚĂŵĞ͘ ^ĞůĨͲĐŽŵƉĂƐƐŝŽŶ ŝƐŶ͛ƚ ƌĞŵŽǀŝŶŐ ĂĐĐŽƵŶƚĂďŝůŝƚǇ͘ /ƚ͛Ɛ
ƚƌĂƵŵĂͲŝŶĨŽƌŵĞĚ ǁŽƌŬƉůĂĐĞƐ ĨŽƌ ĞĚƵĐĂƚŽƌƐ͘ ŽǀŝĚ ŚĂƐ ŚĂĚ ŐĞƫŶŐƚŽƚŚĞĞŶĚŽĨƚŚĞĚĂǇĂŶĚĂĐŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐŝŶŐƚŚĂƚǇŽƵĚŝĚ
ƚƌĂƵŵĂƟĐŝŵƉĂĐƚƐŽŶƚŚĞƐĞĐƚŽƌ͘dŚƌŽƵŐŚŽƵƚŵĂŶĚĂƚĞĚ ǇŽƵƌĂďƐŽůƵƚĞďĞƐƚ͘tŝƚŚƚŚĞĞǀĞƌͲŐƌŽǁŝŶŐĚĞŵĂŶĚƉůĂĐĞĚŽŶ
ůŽĐŬĚŽǁŶƐ͕ĞĚƵĐĂƚŽƌƐƌĞŵĂŝŶĞĚŽŶƚŚĞĨƌŽŶƚůŝŶĞ͘ƐƚƌĞƐƐĨƵů ĞĚƵĐĂƚŽƌƐ͕ ƚŚĞƌĞ ĂƌĞ ŵĂŶǇ ƐŝƚƵĂƟŽŶƐ ǁŚĞƌĞ ǁĞ ĚŽŶ͛ƚ ŬŶŽǁ
ǁŽƌŬĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĐŽƵƉůĞĚǁŝƚŚƐƚƌŝĐƚŝƐŽůĂƟŽŶƌƵůĞƐŽƵƚƐŝĚĞ ƚŚĞƌŝŐŚƚƌĞƐƉŽŶƐĞĂƚƚŚĂƚŵŽŵĞŶƚ͕ĂŶĚƚŚĂƚ͛ƐŽŬ͘DĂŶǇŽĨŽƵƌ
ŽĨ ǁŽƌŬ ĐƌĞĂƚĞĚ ŵĂŶǇ ŶĞŐĂƟǀĞ ĂŶĚ ƚƌĂƵŵĂƟĐ ĞǆƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞƐ͘ ĚĂǇƐĂƌĞůŽŶŐĂŶĚŐƌƵĞůůŝŶŐ͕ĂŶĚǁĞĚŽŶ͛ƚŶĞĞĚĂƐŝĚĞŽƌĚĞƌŽĨ
dŚĞ ƐĞĐƚŽƌ ŝƐ ƐƟůů ŵĂŶĂŐŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ĨĂůůŽƵƚ͘ ^ƚĂĸŶŐ ƐŚŽƌƚĂŐĞƐ ŐƵŝůƚ͘DŽĚĞůůŝŶŐƐĞůĨͲĐŽŵƉĂƐƐŝŽŶĨŽƌŽƵƌƐĞůǀĞƐǁŚŝůƐƚŚŽůĚŝŶŐ
ĂƌĞ ŝŶĐƌĞĂƐŝŶŐ͕ ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͛Ɛ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ ŚĂƐ ďĞĞŶ ŝŵƉĂĐƚĞĚ͕ space for other educators to do the same can encourage
ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ ĐŽƐƚ ŽĨ ůŝǀŝŶŐ ŝƐ ďŝƟŶŐ͘ /ƚ ŝƐ ŝŵƉĞƌĂƟǀĞ ƚŚĂƚ ƚƌĂƵŵĂͲ ƚĞĂŵƐƚŽĂĐĐĞƉƚƚŚĞŝƌǁĞĂŬĞƌŵŽŵĞŶƚƐĂŶĚƌĞŇĞĐƚŽŶŚŽǁƚŽ
ŝŶĨŽƌŵĞĚ ƉƌĂĐƟĐĞ ŶĞĞĚƐ ƚŽ ŝŶĐůƵĚĞ ĞĚƵĐĂƚŽƌƐ͘ Ɛ ŵĂŶǇ ĚŽƚŚŝŶŐƐĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚůǇŶĞǆƚƟŵĞ͘
ƚƌĂƵŵĂͲŝŶĨŽƌŵĞĚ ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĞƐ ĨŽƌ ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ ƌĞƋƵŝƌĞ ĞŶŐĂŐĞĚ
ĂŶĚ ƌĞŐƵůĂƚĞĚ ĂĚƵůƚƐ͕ ǁĞ ŶĞĞĚ ƚŽ ĂĐŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞ ƚŚĞ ƚƌĂƵŵĂ EŽƌŵĂůŝƐŝŶŐ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ ʹ ĚƵĐĂƚŽƌƐ ĂƌĞ ŶŽƚ ƚƌĂŝŶĞĚ ƚŽ ŽīĞƌ
ĞĚƵĐĂƚŽƌƐ ŚĂǀĞ ĞǆƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞĚ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚŽƵƚ ŽǀŝĚ ĂŶĚ ďĞǇŽŶĚ͘ ƉƐǇĐŚŽůŽŐŝĐĂů ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ͘ ĚĚŝƟŽŶĂůůǇ͕ ůĞĂĚĞƌƐ ĂƌĞ ŵĂŶĂŐŝŶŐ
tŚŝůƐƚ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ ĂƌĞŶ͛ƚ ƐƉĞĐŝĂůŝƐĞĚ ŝŶ ƉƌŽĐĞƐƐŝŶŐ ƚƌĂƵŵĂ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞŝƌŽǁŶĞŵƉƚǇĐƵƉƐ͘,ŽǁĞǀĞƌ͕ƚƌĂƵŵĂͲŝŶĨŽƌŵĞĚǁŽƌŬƉůĂĐĞƐ
ĞĚƵĐĂƚŽƌƐ͕ ƐŽŵĞ ǀĂƌŝŽƵƐ ŝŶĐůƵƐŝŽŶƐ ĂŶĚ ĂĚĂƉƚĂƟŽŶƐ ĐĂŶ ŐĞŶƵŝŶĞůǇĂĐŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞƚŚĞŶĞĞĚĨŽƌŵĞŶƚĂůŚĞĂůƚŚƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ͘
ŵŝŶŝŵŝƐĞĂĚǀĞƌƐĞĞǆƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞƐĨƌŽŵďĞŝŶŐƌĞŝŶĨŽƌĐĞĚĂŶĚĞĂƐĞ tŚĞƚŚĞƌƉƌŽǀŝĚŝŶŐĂŶWŽƌƐŚĂƌŝŶŐŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶŽŶĂĐĐĞƐƐŝŶŐ
ƐƚƌĞƐƐĂŶĚƌŝƐŬŽĨďƵƌŶŽƵƚ͘ ĂŵĞŶƚĂůŚĞĂůƚŚĐĂƌĞƉůĂŶ͕ƚŚĞƐƟŐŵĂĨŽƌƚŚŽƐĞƐƵīĞƌŝŶŐĨƌŽŵ
ƚƌĂƵŵĂ ĐĂŶ ďĞ ŵŝŶŝŵŝƐĞĚ͘ ƌĞĂƟŶŐ Ă ƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞ ǁŝƚŚ ĐŽŶƚĂĐƚ
ǁŽƌŬƉůĂĐĞ ǁŝƚŚ Ă ƚƌĂƵŵĂͲŝŶĨŽƌŵĞĚ ůĞŶƐ ĨŽƌ ĞĚƵĐĂƚŽƌƐ ŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĨŽƌƚŚĞƐĞŽƉƟŽŶƐĐĂŶďĞƐŚĂƌĞĚǁŝƚŚĞĚƵĐĂƚŽƌƐ
ƐŚŽƵůĚ ĨŽƐƚĞƌĂŶ ĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚ ƚŚĂƚ ĞŵďĞĚƐ ĐƌŝƟĐĂů ĐŽŶĐĞƉƚƐ ŽŶůŝŶĞĂŶĚŽŶƐŝƚĞƚŚƌŽƵŐŚŽƵƚƚŚĞǇĞĂƌĂŶĚĨŽůůŽǁŝŶŐƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌ
ƚŚĂƚĐĂŶďĞŝŶĚŝǀŝĚƵĂůŝƐĞĚƚŽƐƵŝƚĂƌĂŶŐĞŽĨĞĂƌůǇĐŚŝůĚŚŽŽĚ ĞǀĞŶƚƐŝŶǁŚŝĐŚĂĐĐĞƐƐƚŽƐƵƉƉŽƌƚŝƐƌĞƋƵŝƌĞĚ͘DĂŶǇŽĨƵƐǁŝůů
ĐŽŶƚĞǆƚƐ͘dŚƌĞĞŽĨƚŚĞŵŽƐƚĐƌƵĐŝĂůŝŶĐůƵĚĞ͗ ƌĞƋƵŝƌĞ ĂĚĚŝƟŽŶĂů ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ ĨŽƌ ŽƵƌ ŵĞŶƚĂů ŚĞĂůƚŚ Ăƚ ƐŽŵĞ
ƉŽŝŶƚ ŝŶ ŽƵƌ ůŝǀĞƐ͘ tŚŝůƐƚ ƵƉŚŽůĚŝŶŐ ĐŽŶĮĚĞŶƟĂůŝƚǇ͕ ďĞŝŶŐ
ƌĞĂƟŶŐĂƐĞŶƐĞŽĨƐĂĨĞƚǇʹŶĞƵƌŽƐĐŝĞŶƟĮĐĞǀŝĚĞŶĐĞĂƐƐĞƌƚƐ ďƌĂǀĞ ƚŽ ƐŚĂƌĞ ǇŽƵƌ ĐŽŶĐĞƌŶƐ ĨŽƌ ĂŶŽƚŚĞƌ ĂŶĚ ŶŽƌŵĂůŝƐŝŶŐ
ƚŚĂƚ ŝŶ ŽƌĚĞƌ ƚŽ ŇŽƵƌŝƐŚ ĂŶĚ ĨƵůůǇ ĞŶŐĂŐĞ ŝŶ ŽƵƌ ǁŽƌůĚ͕ ƚŚĞ ŵĞŶƚĂůŚĞĂůƚŚĐƌŝƐĞƐĐĂŶƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚůǇŝŵƉĂĐƚƐŽŵĞŽŶĞ͛ƐŚĞĂůƚŚ
ďƌĂŝŶŵƵƐƚƉĞƌĐĞŝǀĞĂƐĂĨĞĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚ͘ZĞŐĂƌĚůĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞĚĂǇ ŽƵƚĐŽŵĞƐ͘WƌŽĨĞƐƐŝŽŶĂůĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚƐƵƌƌŽƵŶĚŝŶŐĂĐĐŝĚĞŶƚĂů
ĂŚĞĂĚ͕ĞĚƵĐĂƚŽƌƐƐŚŽƵůĚĨĞĞůƐĂĨĞĂŶĚƐĞĐƵƌĞǁŚĞŶƚŚĞǇǁĂůŬ ĐŽƵŶƐĞůůŝŶŐŝƐĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĂƌŽƵŶĚƚŚĞĐŽƵŶƚƌǇ͕ǁŚŝĐŚĐĂŶƵƉƐŬŝůů
ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞĚŽŽƌŝŶƚŚĞŵŽƌŶŝŶŐ͘ůƚŚŽƵŐŚǁĞĐĂŶŶŽƚƌĞŵŽǀĞ ǇŽƵƌĐĂƉĂĐŝƚǇƚŽƐƵƉƉŽƌƚƚŚŽƐĞǁŚŽĂƌĞƐƚƌƵŐŐůŝŶŐ͘
ĂůůƐƚƌĞƐƐŽƌƐ͕ĞĚƵĐĂƚŽƌƐŶĞĞĚƚŽĨĞĞůůŝŬĞƚŚĞǇĂƌĞƉĂƌƚŽĨĂƚĞĂŵ
ďƵŝůƚŽŶƚƌƵƐƚĂŶĚƌĞĐŝƉƌŽĐŝƚǇĂŶĚŶĞǀĞƌĂůŽŶĞŝŶƚŚĞŝƌƐƚƌƵŐŐůĞ͘ >ŝŬĞ Ăůů ĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚĞƐ͕ ĐƌĞĂƟŶŐ Ă ƚƌĂƵŵĂͲŝŶĨŽƌŵĞĚ ǁŽƌŬƉůĂĐĞ
ZĞƐƉĞĐƚĂŶĚ ĨĞĞůŝŶŐ ŚĞĂƌĚ ǁŝƚŚŽƵƚ ũƵĚŐĞŵĞŶƚĂƌĞĞƐƐĞŶƟĂů͘ ƌĞƋƵŝƌĞƐƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚĐƌŝƟĐĂůƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶ͘tŚŝůƐƚŝƚŵĂǇƐĞĞŵůŝŬĞ
EĞĞĚƐĨŽƌƐĂĨĞƚǇǁŝůůǀĂƌǇĨƌŽŵƉĞƌƐŽŶƚŽƉĞƌƐŽŶ͘ƌĞĂƟŶŐĂ ĂŶŽǀĞƌǁŚĞůŵŝŶŐƚĂƐŬ͕ƚĞĂŵƐĐĂŶŚĂǀĞĂŐƌĞĂƚĞƌĐĂƉĂĐŝƚǇƚŽ
ĐĂůŵĂŶĚŽƌŐĂŶŝƐĞĚďƌĞĂŬƌŽŽŵ͕ĞŶĐŽƵƌĂŐŝŶŐĞĚƵĐĂƚŽƌƐƚŽƚĂƉ ǁŽƌŬǁŝƚŚŝŶƚŚĞŝƌĚĞŵĂŶĚŝŶŐĂŶĚĐƌŝƟĐĂůƌŽůĞƐďǇĐƵůƟǀĂƟŶŐĂ
ŽƵƚǁŚĞŶŶĞĞĚĞĚ͕ĂŶĚŵĞĂŶŝŶŐĨƵůƐƵƉĞƌǀŝƐŝŽŶĂƌĞũƵƐƚƚŚƌĞĞ ƚƌĂƵŵĂͲŝŶĨŽƌŵĞĚǁŽƌŬƉůĂĐĞ͘
ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĞƐ ƚŚĂƚ ĐĂŶ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ ƚŚĞ ŶĞƌǀŽƵƐ ƐǇƐƚĞŵ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚŽƵƚ
ƚŚĞĚĂǇ͘
91
ůůƚŚŝƐŵĂŬĞƐŵĞǁŽŶĚĞƌ͙ dƵŶŝŶŐ ŽƵƌƐĞůǀĞƐ ŝŶ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĂů ƚŚŝŶŐƐ ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ

,Žǁ ŽŌĞŶ ĂƐ ĞĚƵĐĂƚŽƌƐ ĂƌĞ ǁĞ ŽŶůǇ ůŝƐƚĞŶŝŶŐ ƚŽ Žƌ ƐĂǇ ƌĞƋƵŝƌĞƐ ƵƐ ƚŽ ďĞ ƉƌĞƐĞŶƚ͕ ƚŽ ůŝƐƚĞŶ ĂŶĚ ƚŽ ƋƵĞƐƟŽŶ͕ ƚŽ
ƌĞƐƉŽŶĚŝŶŐƚŽŽƌŐŝǀŝŶŐǁĞŝŐŚƚƚŽƚŚĞƚŚŝŶŐƐƚŚĂƚǁĞĐĂŶ ƐŽŵĞƟŵĞƐƐƚĂǇƐŝůĞŶƚ͕ƚŽƉƌŽǀŽŬĞ;ŶŽƚĞǆƟŶŐƵŝƐŚͿ͕ƚŽŽƉĞŶůǇ
ĞĂƐŝůǇĞǆƉůĂŝŶŽƌƚŚĂƚĚŽŶ͛ƚǁŽďďůĞŽƵƌĂĚƵůƚ͚ŬŶŽǁŶƐŽƌ ƐĂǇ͚/ĚŽŶ͛ƚŬŶŽǁƚŚĞĂŶƐǁĞƌ͛Žƌ͚dĞůůŵĞŵŽƌĞĂďŽƵƚƚŚĂƚ͙͛͘
ƚƌƵƚŚƐ͍͛ dŽ ĐƌĞĂƚĞ ƐƉĂĐĞƐ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŶƚĞǆƚƐ ǁŚĞƌĞ ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ ĨĞĞů ƐĂĨĞ ĂŶĚ
ŽƌƚŚĂƚŽŶůǇƐŝƚǁŝƚŚŽƵƌďŝĂƐĞƐ͍ ƌĞƐƉĞĐƚĞĚƚŽŚĂǀĞĂƚŚĞŽƌǇ;ŶŽŵĂƩĞƌŚŽǁĨĂĐƚƵĂů͕ĨĂŶĐŝĨƵů͕
ĂďƐƚƌĂĐƚ͕ ďĞĂƵƟĨƵů͕ ŝŵƉůĂƵƐŝďůĞ͕ ŝŶĐŽŵƉůĞƚĞ͕ ŝŵĂŐŝŶĂƟǀĞ͕
ŽƌǁŝƚŚƚŚĞǁĂǇǁĞǁĂŶƚƚŚĞĚŝƌĞĐƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ
ĚƌĞĂŵǇŝƚŵĂǇďĞͿ͘
ƚŽŐŽ͍
ƌĞǁĞƐŝƫŶŐŝŶĂƉƌĞĚŝĐƚĂďůĞůŽŽƉŽĨǁŚĂƚǁĞĂůƌĞĂĚǇ To create spaces and contexts for dialogue and for the children
ŬŶŽǁ;ŽƌƚŚŝŶŬǁĞŬŶŽǁͿ͍ ƚŽƋƵĞƐƟŽŶŽƌďƵŝůĚŽŶĞĂĐŚŽƚŚĞƌ͛ƐŝĚĞĂƐ͘dŽŚĂǀĞĂƚŚĞŽƌǇ͕
tŚĂƚĂƌĞǁĞ͚ĂůůŽǁŝŶŐ͍͛ ƚŽĚĞĐŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƚŝƚĂŶĚƌĞĐŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƚŝƚ͘dŽůĂƵŐŚĂŶĚĞǆƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ
tŚĂƚĐĂŐĞŝƐŽŶŽƵƌŵŝŶĚƐĞƚ͍ ƉůĞĂƐƵƌĞ͘ůůƚŚĞƐĞƚŚŝŶŐƐĂƌĞĐƌƵĐŝĂůĨŽƌƐƚƌĞƚĐŚŝŶŐƚŚŝŶŬŝŶŐ͕
ĨŽƌƚŚĞĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͛ƐĞŶŐĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ͕ĂŶĚĨŽƌƉƵƌƉŽƐĞĨƵů͕ĂƵƚŚĞŶƟĐ
,ŽǁŝƐŚŽǁǁĞ͛ƌĞůŝƐƚĞŶŝŶŐĂŶĚƌĞƐƉŽŶĚŝŶŐ͕ŝŶƚĞŶƟŽŶĂůůǇ
ůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ͘
ŽƌƵŶŝŶƚĞŶƟŽŶĂůůǇ͕ƐŚĂƉŝŶŐƚŚĞƉĂƚŚǁĂǇƐǁŚŝĐŚŽƉĞŶƵƉ
ŽƌĐůŽƐĞĚŽǁŶŝŶĨƌŽŶƚŽĨƚŚĞĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶǁĞǁŽƌŬĂůŽŶŐƐŝĚĞ͍ tĞŶĞĞĚƚŽůĞƚŐŽŽĨƚŚĞŝĚĞĂƚŚĂƚƋƵĞƐƟŽŶƐŶĞĞĚĂŶĂŶƐǁĞƌ͘
ƌĞǁĞďƌĂǀĞĞĚƵĐĂƚŽƌƐ͍ ^ŽŵĞ ŽĨ ůŝĨĞ͛Ɛ ďŝŐŐĞƐƚ ƋƵĞƐƟŽŶƐ ĂĐƚƵĂůůǇ ŚĂǀĞ ŶŽ ĂŶƐǁĞƌƐ͘
ƌĞǁĞƚŚŝŶŬŝŶŐƐŵĂůů͕ŽƌĂƌĞǁĞƌĂŝƐŝŶŐŽƵƌƚŚŝŶŬŝŶŐƚŽ ^ŽŵĞŽĨƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚ͛ƐŐƌĞĂƚĞƐƚƚŚŝŶŬĞƌƐĂƌĞƐƟůůǁƌĞƐƚůŝŶŐǁŝƚŚ
ƚŚĞŚĞŝŐŚƚƐŽĨƚŚĞĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͍ ƋƵĞƐƟŽŶƐ ƚŚĂƚ ǇŽƵŶŐ ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ ĐĂŶ ĚĞďĂƚĞ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞŽƌŝƐĞ ĂŶĚ
ƌĞ ǁĞ ŽƉĞŶ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͛Ɛ ŝŶƚĞƌƚǁŝŶŝŶŐ ŽĨ ĨĂĐƚƐ ĂŶĚ ŚǇƉŽƚŚĞƐŝƐĞĂďŽƵƚĨŽƌĚĂǇƐŽŶĞŶĚ͘tĞŶĞĞĚƚŽŐŝǀĞŽƵƌƐĞůǀĞƐ
ĨĂŶƚĂƐǇ͕ŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĂŶĚŝŵĂŐŝŶĂƟŽŶ͕ĚĂƚĂĂŶĚĚƌĞĂŵƐ͍ permission as educators to embrace and lean into the fact
ƚŚĂƚƐŽŵĞƟŵĞƐŚĂǀŝŶŐƚŚĞƋƵĞƐƟŽŶŝƐĞŶŽƵŐŚʹƚŚĂƚŚĂǀŝŶŐ
tŚĂƚ͛ƐǁŽƌƚŚŬŶŽǁŝŶŐ͍
ƚŚĞĨƌĞĞĚŽŵĂŶĚƉŽƐƐŝďŝůŝƚǇƚŽĞǆƉůŽƌĞƋƵĞƐƟŽŶƐĂŶĚĐƵƌŝŽƐŝƚǇ͕
ǁŝƚŚ ŽƚŚĞƌ ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ ĂŶĚ ĂĚƵůƚƐ ǁŚŽ ůŝƐƚĞŶ ĂŶĚ ŐŝǀĞ ǁĞŝŐŚƚ
<ŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞ ŝƐ ŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚ ʹ ďƵƚ ŝƚ ŝƐ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƉƌŽĐĞƐƐĞƐ ŽĨ ƚŽ ŽƵƌ ƚŚĞŽƌŝĞƐ ĂŶĚ ǀŽŝĐĞƐ͕ ǁŚŽ ŐŝǀĞ ƵƐ ĞǆƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞƐ ĂŶĚ
ĐŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƟŶŐ ŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞ͕ ŝƚ ŝƐ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ŵĞĂŶŝŶŐͲŵĂŬŝŶŐ ŵĂƚĞƌŝĂůƐĂŶĚĐŽŶƚĞǆƚƐƚŽĞǆƉƌĞƐƐŽƵƌƐĞůǀĞƐŝŶĂŵƵůƟƉůŝĐŝƚǇ
ƉĂƚŚǁĂǇƐ͕ ĂŶĚ ŝŶ ƚƌǇŝŶŐ ƚŽ ŵĂŬĞ ƐĞŶƐĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ǁŽƌůĚ ĂƌŽƵŶĚ ŽĨǁĂǇƐ͕ŝƐǁŚĞƌĞƚŚĞƌŝĐŚŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐĂŶĚƚŚĞƚŚŝŶŬŝŶŐ
ƵƐʹƚŚĂƚŝŵĂŐŝŶĂƟŽŶ͕ĨĂŶƚĂƐǇ͕ĚƌĞĂŵƐĂŶĚĐƌĞĂƟǀŝƚǇĐĂŶƚƌƵůǇ ůŝĞƐ͘ dŚĞ ƌĞĂůŵƐ ŽĨ ĨĂŶƚĂƐǇ͕ ŝŵĂŐŝŶĂƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ĚƌĞĂŵƐ ĐĂŶ ďĞ
ŚĞůƉƵƐ͘tĞŬŶŽǁƚŚĂƚĞǀĞƌǇƚŚŝŶŐƚŚĂƚŚĂƐĞǀĞƌďĞĞŶŝŶǀĞŶƚĞĚ ŐĂƚĞǁĂǇƐƚŽŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĂŶĚŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞ͘
ǁĂƐŽŶĐĞŽŶůǇĞǀĞƌŝŵĂŐŝŶĞĚʹǁŚĂƚǁŝůůƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚďĞůŝŬĞĨŽƌ
ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶŝŶϭϬ͕ϮϬŽƌϯϬǇĞĂƌƐ͛ƟŵĞ͍ dŚĞ ϮϬϮϯ /ŶƐƉŝƌĞ ĐŽŶĨĞƌĞŶĐĞ ƚŚĞŵĞƐ ǁĞƌĞ &ĂŶƚĂƐǇ͕ ZĞĂůŝƚǇ
ĂŶĚKƉƉŽƌƚƵŶŝƚǇ͘DǇŝŶǀŝƚĂƟŽŶƚŽǇŽƵ͗
ŚŝůĚƌĞŶ ĂƌĞ ĐĂƉĂďůĞ ŽĨ ĐŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƟŶŐ ƌŝĐŚ͕ ĐŽŵƉůĞǆ ƚŚĞŽƌŝĞƐ͕ tŝƚŚŝŶ ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͛Ɛ ƚŚĞŽƌŝĞƐ ʹ ǁŝƚŚŝŶ ďŽƚŚ ĨĂŶƚĂƐǇ ĂŶĚ ƌĞĂůŝƚǇ͕
ǁŝƚŚƚŚĞĂďŝůŝƚǇƚŽŝŶƚĞƌƚǁŝŶĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůŵƐŽĨĨĂĐƚĂŶĚĨĂŶƚĂƐǇ͕ ǁŚŝĐŚĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶƐŽŶĂƚƵƌĂůůǇĂŶĚďĞĂƵƟĨƵůůǇŝŶƚĞƌǁĞĂǀĞ͕ǁŝƚŚŝŶ
ƚŽ ƚŚŝŶŬ ďŽƚŚ ĂďƐƚƌĂĐƚůǇ ĂŶĚ ƉƌŽĨŽƵŶĚůǇ ƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚŝĐĂůůǇ͘ ƚŚĞ ĚĂƚĂ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ ĚƌĞĂŵƐ͕ ǁŝƚŚŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƌĞĂůŵƐ ŽĨ ŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶ
^ĐŽƩ ,ĞƌƐŚŽǀŝƚǌ͕ ŝŶ ŚŝƐ ĂƌƟĐůĞ ‘Why Kids Make the Best ĂŶĚŝŵĂŐŝŶĂƟŽŶʹĞǆŝƐƚĂŵĂǌŝŶŐŽƉƉŽƌƚƵŶŝƟĞƐ͙,ŽǁǁŝůůǇŽƵ
WŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚĞƌƐ͕͛ ƐĂǇƐ ͚ƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚĞƌƐ ĂƌĞ ŵŽƌĞ ĐŽŵŵŽŶ ŽŶ ĞŵďƌĂĐĞƚŚĞŵ͍
preschool playgrounds than college campuses’ and that
ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ ͚ƋƵĞƐƟŽŶ ƚŚŝŶŐƐ ŐƌŽǁŶͲƵƉƐ ƚĂŬĞ ĨŽƌ ŐƌĂŶƚĞĚ͘ ŶĚ REFERENCES
ƚŚĞǇ͛ƌĞŽƉĞŶƚŽŶĞǁŝĚĞĂƐ͛͘,ĞŐŽĞƐŽŶƚŽƐĂǇƚŚĂƚĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͚ĐĂŶ ĂŐůŝĂƌŝ͕ W͕͘ ĂƐƚĂŐŶĞƫ͕ D͕͘ 'ŝƵĚŝĐŝ͕ ͕͘ ZŝŶĂůĚŝ͕ ͕͘ sĞĐĐŚŝ͕ s͕͘ ĂŶĚ DŽƐƐ͕ W͘
;ĚƐͿ͕;ϮϬϭϲͿ>ŽƌŝƐDĂůĂŐƵǌǌŝĂŶĚƚŚĞƐĐŚŽŽůƐŽĨZĞŐŐŝŽŵŝůŝĂ͗ĂƐĞůĞĐƟŽŶŽĨ
ŚĞůƉĂĚƵůƚƐƌĞĐĂƉƚƵƌĞŽƵƌŽǁŶĐŽƵƌĂŐĞĂƐƚŚŝŶŬĞƌƐ͕ƚŽŽ͘ůůǁĞ
ŚŝƐǁƌŝƟŶŐƐĂŶĚƐƉĞĞĐŚĞƐϭϵϰϱͲϭϵϵϯ͕ZŽƵƚůĞĚŐĞ͕Ez
ŚĂǀĞƚŽĚŽŝƐƚĂůŬƚŽƚŚĞŵĂŶĚƚĂŬĞƚŚĞŵƐĞƌŝŽƵƐůǇ͘ŚĂŶĐĞƐ
ĂƌĞ ƚŚĞ ĐůĞǀĞƌĞƐƚ ƉĞƌƐŽŶ ǇŽƵ ŬŶŽǁ ĐĂŶ͛ƚ ƟĞ ŚĞƌ ƐŚŽĞƐ͘ Ƶƚ ,ĞƌƐŚŽǀŝƚǌ͕ ^ ;ϮϬϮϮͿ ͞tŚǇ <ŝĚƐ DĂŬĞ ƚŚĞ ĞƐƚ WŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚĞƌƐ͟ ^ŽƵƌĐĞĚ
ͲŚƚƚƉƐ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘ƚŚĞĂƚůĂŶƚŝĐ͘ĐŽŵͬŝĚĞĂƐͬĂƌĐŚŝǀĞͬϮϬϮϮͬϬϰͬŬŝĚƐͲƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇͲ
ǁŝƚŚĂǁĞůůͲƉůĂĐĞĚǁŚǇ͕ƐŚĞĐĂŶƉƵƐŚǇŽƵƉĂƐƚǇŽƵƌĂďŝůŝƚǇƚŽ ƋƵĞƐƟŽŶƐͬϲϮϵϲϱϬͬ
ĞǆƉůĂŝŶĞǀĞƌǇĚĂǇƚŚŝŶŐƐ͕ŽƌĐĂůůŝŶƚŽƋƵĞƐƟŽŶƚƌƵƚŚƐǇŽƵŚŽůĚ
sĞĐĐŚŝ͕s;ϮϬϭϬͿƌƚĂŶĚƌĞĂƟǀŝƚǇŝŶZĞŐŐŝŽŵŝůŝĂ͗ǆƉůŽƌŝŶŐƚŚĞZŽůĞĂŶĚ
ĚĞĂƌ͘^ŚĞĐĂŶĞǀĞŶŚĞůƉǇŽƵƐĞĞƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚŝŶĂŶĞǁǁĂǇ͛͘ WŽƚĞŶƟĂůŽĨƚĞůŝĞƌƐŝŶĂƌůǇŚŝůĚŚŽŽĚĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ͕ZŽƵƚůĞĚŐĞ͕Ez
IF WE LISTEN FROM THE MIND OF
SILENCE, EVERY BIRDSONG AND EVERY
WHISPERING OF THE PINE BRANCHES
IN THE WIND WILL SPEAK TO US
THICH NHAT HANH
93
UNEARTHING WHY:
STORIES OF THINKING AND
LEARNING WITH CHILDREN
JILL MCLACHLAN AND CLARE BRITT
hŶĞĂƌƚŚŝŶŐtŚǇ;ϮϬϮϬͿŝƐĂĐŽůůĞĐƟŽŶŽĨƐƚŽƌŝĞƐŽīĞƌŝŶŐĂĚŝƐƟŶĐƚĂŶĚŚŽƉĞĨƵů
ŽƵƚůŽŽŬĨŽƌƚŚĞĨƵƚƵƌĞŽĨĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ͘ĂĐŚĐŚĂƉƚĞƌŝŶǀŝƚĞƐǇŽƵƚŽĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌƚŚĞ
ĐŽŵƉůĞǆŝƚǇĂŶĚďĞĂƵƚǇŽĨĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͛ƐĐĂƉĂĐŝƚǇƚŽůĞĂƌŶ͕ƚŚŝŶŬĂŶĚďĞƚŽŐĞƚŚĞƌ͘:ŝůů
DĐ>ĂĐŚůĂŶĂŶĚůĂƌĞƌŝƩ͛ƐƌĞƚĞůůŝŶŐƐŽĨƚŚĞŝƌĞǆƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞƐůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐĂůŽŶŐƐŝĚĞĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ
ŝŶƉƌŝŽƌͲƚŽͲƐĐŚŽŽůĂŶĚƉƌŝŵĂƌǇƐĐŚŽŽůͲďĂƐĞĚĐŽŶƚĞǆƚƐǁŝůůŐĞŶƚůǇ͕ĂŶĚĐŽŵƉĞůůŝŶŐůǇ͕
ŝŶǀŝƚĞǇŽƵƚŽũŽŝŶƚŚĞŵŝŶĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌŝŶŐƚŚĞĚĞĞƉƉƵƌƉŽƐĞƐŽĨĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶͶƋƵĞƐƟŽŶŝŶŐ
ƚŚĞ͚ǁŚǇƐ͕͛ũƵƐƚďĞůŽǁƚŚĞƐƵƌĨĂĐĞ͕ƚŚĂƚŝŶĨŽƌŵ͚ǁŚĂƚ͛ĂŶĚ͚ŚŽǁ͛ǇŽƵƚĞĂĐŚ͘
‘I imagine groups of teachers reading and responding in vigorous

and profound dialogue. And this is what a good book for teachers
should do — it should not only activate our intellect, but our
emotions along with it. This is a book for the head and heart.
A recommended read indeed.’
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ƐĞƫŶŐƐŝŶǀŽůǀĞƐƵŶŶĞĐĞƐƐĂƌǇĞŶƚĂŶŐůĞŵĞŶƚƐ͕ǁŝƚŚƚŚĞƌĞƐƵůƚƚŚĂƚ
ƌŝŐŝĚŝƚǇ͕ƌƵůĞƐĂŶĚŝŶŚĞƌŝƚĞĚǁĂǇƐďĞĐŽŵĞďĂƌƌŝĞƌƐƚŽƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƟŽŶ͘
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ĞĚƵĐĂƚŽƌƐŝŶƚŚĞŝƌƉƌĂĐƟĐĞ͘DŽƌĞƚŚĂŶƚŚĂƚ͕ŝƚƐŚŽǁƐŚŽǁƚŽƵƐĞ
ĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶŝŶǁĂǇƐƚŚĂƚŚĞůƉǇŽƵƚƵƌŶŝƚƐǁŽŶĚĞƌĨƵůƉŽƚĞŶƟĂů
ŝŶƚŽƚŚĞǁĞůĐŽŵĞƌĞĂůŝƚǇŽĨŵĂŬŝŶŐĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͛ƐĐĂƉĂďŝůŝƚǇǀŝƐŝďůĞ͘
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Pedagogy I15 07 08 2023

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PLAYING WITH

There is nothing more divine than

Educating the mind without educating

designer ůǁĂǇƐŽƉĞŶƚŽůĞĂƌŶŝŶŐʹ Anthony Semann interviews Susan Franco 6

Anthony Semann Colin Slattery

WE ARE SO PLEASED TO HAVE THIS

LEANING INTO LIFE’S

/ƚŝƐŝŶŵŽŵĞŶƚƐůŝŬĞƚŚĞƐĞƚŚĂƚǇŽƵĂĐŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞƚŚĞǀĂƐƚŶĞƐƐ >ŝĨĞ ƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇ ʹ ƌĞĨĞƌĞŶĐĞƐ ďŽƚŚ ŵŽƌĂů ƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇ ĂŶĚ

UNDER THE SPOTLIGHT

WHERE IS YOUR FAVOURITE PLACE TO BE AND THREE WORDS TO DESCRIBE IT?

THE COCKTAIL THAT ENCAPSULATES YOUR PERSONALITY...

WHAT BRINGS YOU JOY?

IF YOU COULD TRAVEL ANYWHERE IN AUSTRALIA, WHERE AND WHY?

WHERE WOULD WE MOST LIKELY FIND YOU ON A SUNDAY AFTERNOON?

WHAT ARE THE MOST IMPORTANT LESSONS IN LIFE?

THREE PEOPLE YOU WOULD LOVE TO INVITE TO A DINNER PARTY

IF YOU HADN’T EXPLORED A CAREER IN EARLY EDUCATION - DO YOU HAVE A

SELECT THREE MOVIES FOR A MOVIE MARATHON

WHAT WORKS WITH A CUP OF TEA?

DO YOU HAVE ANY ‘SPECIAL’ SKILLS?

WHAT IS THE BEST PART OF BEING A GRANDPARENT?

&ŝƌƐƚ EĂƟŽŶƐ ƉĞŽƉůĞ͕ ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͕ ƚĞĂĐŚĞƌƐ͕ ƐĐŚŽůĂƌƐ ŝŶ ďƌŽĂĚ

Charles M. Schulz – Charlie Brown

I NEED TO READ MORE

tŚŽŝŶŇƵĞŶĐĞƐŵǇƉĞƌƐŽŶĂůƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇĂďŽƵƚĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĂŶĚ Feminism has formed me and my understanding of patriarchy

&Žƌ ǇĞĂƌƐ͕ ŵǇ ƚĞĂĐŚŝŶŐ ƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇ ŵŝƌƌŽƌĞĚ ƚŚĂƚ ŽĨ /ƚŚŝŶŬƚŚĂƚĂƐƚĞĂĐŚĞƌƐ͕ǁĞĚƌĂǁŝŶƐƉŝƌĂƟŽŶĂŶĚŝŶƐŝŐŚƚĨƌŽŵ

/ ĨĞůƚ ŝŶĐƌĞĚŝďůǇ ĨŽƌƚƵŶĂƚĞ ǁŚĞŶ / ƌĞͲƌĞĂĚ dĞ tŚĈƌŝŬŝ͕ REFERENCES

‘The culture of our teachers is not only knowledge and

TO BECOME A MEMBER OF REAIE, VISIT

THE ROLE OF LEADERSHIP IN SHAPING

WHAT WE SEE DEPENDS ON

There is an ancient Buddhist parable about three blind men ƋƵŽƚĞ͕ŽŌĞŶĂƩƌŝďƵƚĞĚƚŽƌŝƐƚŽƚůĞ͕ŐŽĞƐ͕͚/ƚŝƐƚŚĞŵĂƌŬŽĨ

ĞůĞƵǌĞĂŶĚ'ƵĂƩĂƌŝ͕ďŽƚŚ&ƌĞŶĐŚ͕ŽŶĞĂƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚĞƌĂŶĚƚŚĞ As we began enlivening a

EKA MASTRANGELO & MATEJ PERUNICIC

THE HIGH COUNTRY

A hat works when the balance ƌƵŵĞǆƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞŝƐĂŶĂƵƚŚĞŶƟĐĞŶĐŽƵŶƚĞƌǁŝƚŚĂŵŽĚĞƌŶͲ

:ƵƐƚ ďĞĨŽƌĞ ůĞĂǀŝŶŐ zĂĐŬ͕ / ŚĂƉƉĞŶĞĚ ƵƉŽŶ Ăƚ ůĞĂŶŝŶŐ ƵƉ

Feather & Drum

This Way North

Feather & Drum & Mum –

HAT CHAT BY CAT

Hatters historically made hats for men,

The Mad Hatter – Lewis Carroll’s Mad

The bow in the back – Hatters sew a bow

THINKER IN RESIDENCE 2023

Loris Malaguzzi and the Schools of Reggio

REGISTER NOW AT SEMANNSLATTERY.COM

THE THEORISTS AND ME

  D''/ZEKEͳ>K,K>/

,ĂƌĂǁĂǇ͕ ͘ ;ϮϬϬϯͿ dŚĞ ŽŵƉĂŶŝŽŶ ^ƉĞĐŝĞƐ DĂŶŝĨĞƐƚŽ͘ ŚŝĐĂŐŽ͗ WƌŝĐŬůǇ

,ĂƌĂǁĂǇ͕ ͘ ;ϮϬϬϴͿ͘ tŚĞŶ ƐƉĞĐŝĞƐ ŵĞĞƚ͘ DŝŶŶĞĂƉŽůŝƐ͗ hŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ ŽĨ

PHILOSOPHY AND THE

Understanding is not a piercing of the mystery, but an acceptance of it,

Who said we are here to <PMY]M[\QWVQ[V¼\_PWQ[OWQVO\WTM\UM#

We have it within ourselves enough to fill the present

KIRI GOULD & JACOBA MATAPO

dŚŝƐůĞĂĚƐƚŽĂŶŽƚŚĞƌŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚĂƐƉĞĐƚŽĨƚŚĂƚŝƐƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌůǇ ^ĞǀĞƌĂů ĚŝƐĐŽƵƌƐĞƐ ĞŵĞƌŐĞĚ ĂĐƌŽƐƐ ƚŚĞ ϱϬ ƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇ

/Ŷ Ă ƉŽƐƚƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĂů ĚĞĐŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƟŽŶ ŽĨ ĐŚŝůĚŚŽŽĚ͕ ĂŚůďĞƌŐ dŚŝƐŝƐƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌůǇƉƌŽďůĞŵĂƟĐƌĞŐĂƌĚŝŶŐůĞŐŝƟŵŝƐŝŶŐƐƉĞĐŝĂůŝƐƚ

NIGHT WALK TO THE THE THINGS THAT MATTER

ĞůĞƵǌĞĂŶĚ'ƵĂƩĂƌŝ͕ďŽƚŚ&ƌĞŶĐŚ͕ŽŶĞĂƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚĞƌĂŶĚƚŚĞ As we began enlivening a

A hat works when the balance ƌƵŵĞǆƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞŝƐĂŶĂƵƚŚĞŶƟĐĞŶĐŽƵŶƚĞƌǁŝƚŚĂŵŽĚĞƌŶͲ

:ƵƐƚ ďĞĨŽƌĞ ůĞĂǀŝŶŐ zĂĐŬ͕ / ŚĂƉƉĞŶĞĚ ƵƉŽŶ Ăƚ ůĞĂŶŝŶŐ ƵƉ

D''/ZEKEͳ>K,K>/

,ĂƌĂǁĂǇ͕ ͘ ;ϮϬϬϯͿ dŚĞ ŽŵƉĂŶŝŽŶ ^ƉĞĐŝĞƐ DĂŶŝĨĞƐƚŽ͘ ŚŝĐĂŐŽ͗ WƌŝĐŬůǇ

,ĂƌĂǁĂǇ͕ ͘ ;ϮϬϬϴͿ͘ tŚĞŶ ƐƉĞĐŝĞƐ ŵĞĞƚ͘ DŝŶŶĞĂƉŽůŝƐ͗ hŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚǇ ŽĨ

dŚŝƐůĞĂĚƐƚŽĂŶŽƚŚĞƌŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚĂƐƉĞĐƚŽĨƚŚĂƚŝƐƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌůǇ ^ĞǀĞƌĂů ĚŝƐĐŽƵƌƐĞƐ ĞŵĞƌŐĞĚ ĂĐƌŽƐƐ ƚŚĞ ϱϬ ƉŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚǇ

/Ŷ Ă ƉŽƐƚƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĂů ĚĞĐŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƟŽŶ ŽĨ ĐŚŝůĚŚŽŽĚ͕ ĂŚůďĞƌŐ dŚŝƐŝƐƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌůǇƉƌŽďůĞŵĂƟĐƌĞŐĂƌĚŝŶŐůĞŐŝƟŵŝƐŝŶŐƐƉĞĐŝĂůŝƐƚ

YƵĞƐƟŽŶŝŶŐĂŶĚƉŽƐŝŶŐƉƌŽďůĞŵƐ ’For heaven’s sake – think people think!

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dƌĂƵŵĂͲŝŶĨŽƌŵĞĚ ƉƌĂĐƟĐĞ ŝƐ ĂŶ ĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚ ƚŚĂƚ ŚĂƐ ŐĂŝŶĞĚ ŶĐŽƵƌĂŐŝŶŐƐĞůĨͲĐŽŵƉĂƐƐŝŽŶʹWƌŽĨĞƐƐŽƌWĂƵů'ŝůďĞƌƚ͛ƐǁŽƌŬ