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    2021 - GR 8 - Chemistry (230620)

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    Keshia Katarina
    The document discusses key terminology used to describe the structure of atoms: - Atoms are made up of subatomic particles including protons, neutrons, and electrons. Protons are in the nucleus along with neutrons. Electrons orbit around the nucleus. - The number of protons determines the element. Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons. - Electrons are arranged in shells at different distances from the nucleus. The atomic structure diagram shows the number of electrons in each shell for the first 20 elements.

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    2021 - GR 8 - Chemistry (230620)

    Uploaded by

    Keshia Katarina
    4 views12 pages
    The document discusses key terminology used to describe the structure of atoms: - Atoms are made up of subatomic particles including protons, neutrons, and electrons. Protons are in the nucleus along with neutrons. Electrons orbit around the nucleus. - The number of protons determines the element. Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons. - Electrons are arranged in shells at different distances from the nucleus. The atomic structure diagram shows the number of electrons in each shell for the first 20 elements.

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    2021_Gr 8_Chemistry (230620)

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    The document discusses key terminology used to describe the structure of atoms: - Atoms are made up of subatomic particles including protons, neutrons, and electrons. Protons are in the nucleus along with neutrons. Electrons orbit around the nucleus. - The number of protons determines the element. Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons. - Electrons are arranged in shells at different distances from the nucleus. The atomic structure diagram shows the number of electrons in each shell for the first 20 elements.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    4 views12 pages

    2021 - GR 8 - Chemistry (230620)

    Uploaded by

    Keshia Katarina
    The document discusses key terminology used to describe the structure of atoms: - Atoms are made up of subatomic particles including protons, neutrons, and electrons. Protons are in the nucleus along with neutrons. Electrons orbit around the nucleus. - The number of protons determines the element. Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons. - Electrons are arranged in shells at different distances from the nucleus. The atomic structure diagram shows the number of electrons in each shell for the first 20 elements.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 12

    Material properties

    Emily christine
    terminology

    atom a particle from which all substances are made


    a tiny particle inside an atom which mov es around the nucleus. I t has a
    electron
    negativ e electric charge
    neutron a particle in the nucleus of an atom that has no electrical charge
    the control centre of a liv ing cell, containing the general material, DNA.
    nucleus Also, the positiv ely charged centre of an atom, which may split in
    radioactiv e elements, releasing a great deal of energy
    proton a particle in the nucleus of an atom that has a positiv e electrical charge
    subatomic the tiny particles from which atoms are made - protons, neutrons and
    particle electrons
    terminology

    atomic number the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom


    a column of elements in the periodic table. They hav e common properties,
    group
    which show a trend down the group
    period the elements in each row of the periodic table
    Introduction
    • Chemists have also investigated the structure of matter and
    discovered that it is composed of particles called atoms. Later, as new
    apparatus was developed, it became possible to go further and
    investigate the structure of atoms.
    8. What do you think the plum pudding model looked like? Draw and
    label it.
    The structure of atoms
    • An atom is about a ten-millionth of millimeter across. It is made of
    subatomic particles. At the centre of the atom is the nucleus. This is made
    from two kinds of subatomic particles called protons and neutrons.
    (Hydrogen is an exception because it has only a proton in its nucleus.) A
    proton has the same mass as a neutron does not have an electrical charge.
    • Around the nucleus are subatomic particles called electrons. Each electron
    has a negative electrical and travels at about the speed of light as it moves
    around the nucleus.
    • The number of electrons around the nucleus of an atom is the same as the
    number of protons in the nucleus. The negative electrical charges on the
    electrons are balanced by the positive electrical charges on the protons.
    This balancing of the charges makes the atom electrically neutral – it has
    no overall electrical charge.
    The structure of atoms
    • The electrons are arranged in groups at different
    distances from the nucleus. They are described as
    being arranged in shells. For example, the carbon
    atom has two electrons close to the nucleus
    making an inner shell and four electrons further
    away making an outer shell.
    • Many atoms have more shells than this. For
    example, the lead atom has six shells.
    • All the atoms in each element have the same
    number of protons.
    • The number of neutrons in the atoms of an
    element may vary. Most carbon atoms, for
    example, have six neutrons but about 1% of carbon
    atoms have seven neutrons and an even smaller
    proportion of carbon atoms have eight neutrons.
    These atoms of an element that have different
    numbers of neutrons are called isotopes.
    The atomic structure of the first 20 elements of the Periodic Table
    1. How many electrons are there in each shell of an atom of lead?

    2,8,18,32,18,4
    2. What are isotopes?

    Isotopes are atoms of an element which have different numbers of


    neutrons in their nuclei.

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