FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE, PLANNING AND SURVEYING

DEPARTMENT OF SURVEYING SCIENCE AND GEOMATICS

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA (UiTM) PERLIS BRANCH
AP120:
DIPLOMA IN GEOMATIC SCIENCE
OCTOBER 2021 – FEBRUARY 2022

STANDARD TRAVERSE REPORT

GROUP
RAP1205A

NUM. NAME MATRIX NUM.

1. MUHAMMAD HAKIMI BIN MOHD ZAIN 2019255076

2. WAN MUHAMMAD HASYIMI BIN WAN ARIFFIN 2019224792

3. MUHAMMAD NUR NAZMI BIN MOHD SOM 2019243154

4. HARITH BIN MOHAMAD HASHIM 2019285594

5. AHMAD WAIZ BIN MOHD OMARAN @ MOHD 2019241766

AMRAN

6. MUHAMMAD RAHMAT AZHAR BIN MOHAMED 2019226492

JARIS

PREPARED FOR
PUAN NURHAFIZA BINTI MD. SAAD
 TABLE OF CONTENT

TABLE OF CONTENT.............................................................................................................2
1.0 INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................3
1.1 OBJECTIVE........................................................................................................................4
1.2 INSTRUMENT....................................................................................................................5
2.0 METHODOLOGY...............................................................................................................8
2.1 FLOW CHART OF STANDARD TRAVERSE PROCEDURE......................................8
2.2 RECONNAISSANCE......................................................................................................9
2.3 STATION MARKING.....................................................................................................9
2.4 AZIMUTH CONTROL....................................................................................................9
2.5 HORIZONTAL ANGLE MEASUREMENT.................................................................10
3.0 DATA PROCESSING........................................................................................................11
4.0 RESULTS...........................................................................................................................15
COORDINATE CALCULATION.......................................................................................15
DIFFERENCE PO AND NEW............................................................................................15
LINEAR MISCLOSURE.....................................................................................................15
5.0 COMMENTS.....................................................................................................................16
6.0 REFERENCES...................................................................................................................17
7.0 APPENDICES....................................................................................................................18

2
 1.0 INTRODUCTION
Cadastral Survey can be interpreted as a survey work that has been carried out for
land tittle registration. It shows the boundary limit of the land lot with the accepted accuracy
according to the survey rules and registration which related to registration of land
administration.

A traverse is a series along the lines or network which is observes using instruments
such as Total Station in the field by collecting distance, angle and bearing. In conventional
surveying by traversing, the act of marking the positions, that are the most fundamental and
usually practiced in identifying the relative measurement of position. The traverses are
divided by two which is Close and Open traverse. Standard traverse is a series of high
accuracy traverse. Commence from known points and finish at another known point. It used
to density secondary control points. In addition, as a control network for cadastral survey and
use for mapping and geodetic control network.

In this practical task, survey work is carried out using the standard traverse method
which is starting on CRM 07 and close at CRM 08. There are 6 station was established as
unknown point. The standard traverse observes by angle method which is define the interior
and exterior angle and the total should be 360 degrees. The solar observation is needed for
the azimuth control at the starting bearing and the correction for the traverse.

NAME OF PROJECT

Standard Traverse

LOCATION OF SURVEY WORK

Near to the Star Complex in UiTM Perlis site

Figure 1 Location of Survey Work

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 1.1 OBJECTIVE

• To understand how standard traverse are made.

• To understand about the calculation of standard traverse.

• To differential between azimuth of solar observation and azimuth CRM.

• To know how booking of standard traverse are wrote.

• To understand and carry out a various of traverse.

4
 1.2 INSTRUMENT

Instrument Function
Total Station An instrument used in surveying to
measure horizontal and vertical angles.
It also used for standard traversing.

Tripod Stand A portable three-legged frame, used as

a platform to support a prism, plumb
bob, theodolite or total station.

Prism An instrument that used as reflector. It

used to reflect the Electronic Distance
Measurement (EDM) beam from total
station.

5
Measuring Tape To measure the distance from station to
station to ensure that the distance
between stations is more than 20
meters.

Pegs To marking stations and important

points in standard Traverse.

Nails To marking station and important point

that on the road or concrete.

6
Hammer To hit a peg or nail at each station so
that it is stationary in place.

Theodolite An instrument used in surveying to

measure horizontal and vertical angles.
It also used for solar observation.

Sunglasses To protect the eyes from the sun as it

can be dangerous if seen directly
without the use of sunglasses.

The weights are hung on a tripod, and

the tension of the rope is used as a
reference object (RO) for the theodolite.

7
Plumb Bob

8
 2.0 METHODOLOGY

2.1 FLOW CHART OF STANDARD TRAVERSE PROCEDURE

RECONNAISSANCE

STATION MARKING

AZIMUTH CONTROL

HORIZONTAL ANGLE
MEASUREMENT

9
2.2 RECONNAISSANCE
Before starting any project, reconnaissance is the first step before any measurement
is done. For this project, the reconnaissance is done to find two suitable Cadastral
Reference Mark (CRM) and suitable places to mark the station. Furthermore, it is made to
get the overall picture of the area to be surveyed and to identify any obstacles between
stations.

Figure 2 CRM for our project

2.3 STATION MARKING

The first process is to mark the stations by using either picket or nails. The stations
need to be marked several days before the observation to reduce time taken during the job.
The stations also must be place in stable, firm, and level ground. The marked stations must
be permanent and not easily moved or disturbed. This is to ensure if the job needs to be
done more than a day, the reading does not change, and no error is made.
2.4 AZIMUTH CONTROL
Azimuth control is made by using solar observation method. Solar observations are
performed to correct the assume bearing and to get the actual bearing of the line. For this
project, solar observation is made in the morning at CRM 08. The observation is made on
this CRM due to the visibility of the sun is better and clearer than the other CRM.

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 Figure 3 Solar Observation Process

2.5 HORIZONTAL ANGLE MEASUREMENT

In standard traverse, horizontal angle measurement is used to get the exterior and
interior angle reading between two lines. Start with zero setting circle left and set as back
bearing. Turn the instrument clockwise, target to the prism and read forward bearing. Next,
for the circle right set 180° for back bearing. Turn the instrument clockwise, target to prism
and read forward bearing. Repeat the procedure with 90° setting and switch the initial
forward bearing as back bearing.

Figure 4 Angle Measurement Process

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 3.0 DATA PROCESSING

Figure 5 Shows Interior and Exterior Angle at each Station.

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Figure 6 is the continuation of figure 1.

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Statio Face Left Face Right Mean Angle Bearing Final Bearing
n º ’ ” º ’ ” º ’ ” º ’ ” º ’ ”
1 00 00 20 180 00 20 209 53 52
2 209 53 58 209 53 46
3 209 54 18 29 54 06

3 90 00 20 270 00 20 150 06 07
2 150 06 02 150 06 12
1 240 06 22 60 06 32

2 00 00 20 180 00 20 218 16 47
3 218 16 44 218 16 50
4 218 17 04 38 17 10

4 90 00 20 270 00 20 141 43 27
3 141 43 24 141 43 29
2 231 43 44 51 43 49

3 00 00 20 180 00 20 320 51 49
4 320 51 45 320 51 52
5 320 52 05 140 52 12

5 90 00 20 270 00 20 39 08 14
4 39 08 12 39 08 15
3 129 08 32 309 08 35

4 00 00 20 180 00 20 139 05 30
5 139 05 30 139 05 30
6 139 05 50 319 05 50

6 90 00 20 270 00 20 220 54 33
5 220 54 30 220 54 35
4 310 54 50 130 54 55

5 00 00 20 180 00 20 190 56 55
6 190 56 55 190 56 55
7 190 57 15 10 57 15

7 90 00 20 270 00 20 169 02 58
6 169 03 00 169 02 55
5 259 03 20 79 03 15

6 00 00 20 180 00 20 273 26 35
7 273 26 35 273 26 35
8 273 26 55 93 26 55

8 90 00 20 270 00 20 86 33 28
7 86 33 30 86 33 25
6 176 33 50 356 33 45
Table 1 Calculation for Final Bearing

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15
Figure 7 Standard Traverse Diagram

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 4.0 RESULTS
COORDINATE CALCULATION
STATION BEARIN DISTANCE LATIT DEPART N/S E/W
G
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

DIFFERENCE PO AND NEW

NORTH WEST
PO
NEW
DIFF

LINEAR MISCLOSURE

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 5.0 COMMENTS
What have we learned from this task?

1. Conduct and operate various cadastral traverse method.

2. Achieve the skills to create a standard traverse.

3. Able to compute the angles based on the reading in the booking.

4. Can differentiate between control traverse and standard traverse.

5. Revise solar observation techniques and calculation.

6. We need to plan the survey carefully and in detail.

7. Able to book the reading by using the correct way.

8. Place the stations in suitable places where it will not move.

9. The task needs to be quickly and accurately done so the reading will not have errors.

10. Solar observations need to be done either in the early morning or late evening.

One of the achievements that we get from the project are, we can fulfill the objectives of our
project. All of the group members are able to understand how to establish standard traverse
along with the calculation and booking of the standard traverse.

To sum it up, we completed this task with various challenges and obstacles which is rain,
instrument problems and so on. However, we managed to complete this task with
commitment and good cooperation by doing task that have been distributed. Not forgetting
Madam Nurhafiza as the lecturer who guided us in completing each of this assignment.

In short, we had finished our standard traverse and understand how to make it. However,
sadly we cannot finish our solar observation where we made solar observation in wrong
point. Also, due the unpredictable weather and the obstructed direction of the sun causing us
to be unable make solar observation.

In this task, all the group members have been absolutely helpful in various situation. While
on the site, the group members played their role on the job diligently which are operating
total station, setting up prisms and total station, and booking the reading. The making of the
report is also done by all the group members altogether. In short, all six members of this
group has been really hardworking and giving their effort into the task.

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Finally, the problems we face can be solved with the gentleness and kindness given by
lecturer Madam Nurhafiza where she gives the azimuth value that should be obtained from
the solar observation. Thank you so much to Madam Nurhafiza. Therefore, we can complete
our calculation of standard traverse. Last but not least, we hope everyone in our groupmate
can take all the lessons from this task where the problems that had been faced should not
happen again in the future.

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 6.0 REFERENCES
 Sr Mohd Adhar, A. S., Sr Hj Ahmad Nadzari, Y., & Sr Mohamad Azril, C. A.
(2019). Introduction to Cadastral Survey 2nd Edition (2nd ed.). Pusat
Pengajian Sains Ukur Geomatik UiTM Cawangan Perlis.
 Wikipedia contributors. (2021b, April 29). Traverse (surveying). Wikipedia.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traverse_(surveying)

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7.0 APPENDICES

Figure 8 Solar Observations Form

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Figure 9 Booking Form

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