Subject: GEITE01X - Living in the IT Era

Activity: FINAL EXAMINATION

Name: Arabella D. Magallanes
Section: ARC212
Date: March 17, 2023
Score: ____ / 85

INSTRUCTIONS:
1. Do not copy and paste answers from the internet.
2. Avoid plagiarism. Plagiarism is a form of cheating.
3. Explain based from your own understanding.
4. This exam is timed (3 hrs). Please ensure that you answer them as clear as possible.
5. Answers can be done using word processor. File can also be submitted in PDF format
6. If you are using pen and paper, please ensure that the images are clear when you
upload them. Image layout should be portrait (not landscape!) and not blurred

QUESTIONS:
1. Our world is now more connected than ever.
a. Give at least 4 reasons why different culture is important for all of us to understand.
(8 pts)
▪ Being exposed to different cultures teaches us to accept and value people who
are different from us.
▪ Enables us to have more meaningful interactions with others.
▪ We’re developing our empathy and regard for others while also enjoying our
similarities and differences.
▪ It will benefit us in overcoming and preventing ethnic and racial disparities.

b. Using the internet helps us a lot in understanding the people, society, countries. In
general, do you think people are more understanding or judgmental? Why? Why
not? Comprehensively explain. (5 pts)
▪ For me people have different values, morals, beliefs and perspectives. Something
I might find funny might be hurtful or offensive to others. So we have to know our
audience and post content that anyone will enjoy. But honestly speaking, every
single thing anyone does is judged. Even if you're just being yourself and people
are all for being yourself, they're still going to judge you anyway. We are naturally
judgemental, it is a natural instinct for us and then social media gives them bigger
balls and less power over their fingers. So my answer to the question is yes some
will understand you but it won't hide the fact that they can still judge you just by
basing on your social media.
2. As per Dutch Futurist Marcel Bullinga, he wrote that "Google will make us stupid and
intelligent at the same time,". Fully explain your understanding of this statement. (5 pts)
▪ What Google do is simply allow us to transfer some tasks to the network; we no longer need to
memorize certain often used information (for example, the periodic table or the Ballarat
postcode) if they are only a search away. We put a lot of trust in places like Wikipedia, where
such information is kept, and search engines like Google, through which we are provided with
it, but having access to a library (or, indeed, access to writing) does not make us dumb. That
said, I'm not sure the opposite is true: Google and the Internet don't necessarily make us wiser.
By 2030, we will have even more access to even more information, thanks to ever more powerful
search and retrieval technologies - but how effectively we can use this potential will rely on
whether our media literacy and skills have caught up as well.

3. Based from the 15 disruptive technology trends, discuss from your own understanding at
least 4 disruptors (exclude #4 & #5) and give 2 examples of each (12 pts)
▪ Robots becomes coworkers - Robots do exist in the workplace. But they aren't always out to
steal jobs and replace humans. Two examples are the collaborative robot and industrial robots.
Collaborative robots can be controlled by a human operator, making them safer for use in
factories and other workplaces where humans are present. While Industrial robots are used in
the manufacturing industry, particularly for tasks that require great speed, precision, and
endurance.
▪ From wearables to Implantables - Over the past decades, wearable and implantable devices
have demonstrated great potential for a wide range of personalized health monitoring and
therapeutic applications. Two examples of these are the Biomaterial-based implants like
injectable hydrogels, in situ gels, porous scaffolds, externally controlled insulin pumps,
microfabricated membranes.
▪ Seld-driving vehicles on the street - Self-driving cars use technology to replace driver assistance
with automated safety features to navigate roads. A mixture of sensors, software, radar, GPS,
laser beams and cameras monitor road conditions to operate and navigate an autonomous
vehicle. Google's Waymo project is an example of a self-driving car that is almost entirely
autonomous. It still requires a human driver to be present but only to override the system when
necessary. The new Drive Pilot ADAS (Mercedes-Benz S-Class) gives drivers a self-driving
experience like no other. It uses sensors built into the vehicle, including lidar, microphones, and
even a moisture sensor. The car indicates it can take over by lighting up two blue buttons on
the steering wheel.
▪ Virtual reality as a commercial reality - Over the last few years, a number of companies have
begun experimenting with ways to improve the real estate selling and renting process using
virtual and augmented reality. The other thing that virtual reality is already being used for is
touring properties that have yet to be built. Companies like Virtual Xperience are using 3D
modeling to mock up the interiors of planned buildings for potential investors, buyers, and
sometimes even renters. Right now, this technology is too expensive to be used in all but the
highest value cases, but expect prices to come down over time. And another example is
‘Pokemon Go’ Anyone under the age of 35 is likely familiar with Pokemon Go, the augmented
reality game that achieved massive, if short-lived, popularity last year. The game engaged
users’ cameras to digitally “place” Pokemon in players’ local environments.
4. One of the disruptive technologies is autonomous vehicle (AV). These AVs uses AI and
machine learning as their technology.
a. In cases, where there are decisions to choose between two options, eg choosing
the lesser number of people to hit, ie, family in a car versus a pedestrian, how
does AV take this decision? (5 pts)
▪ In such rare occasions, the programming of a self-driving vehicle will have a few
split-seconds to make a rational, but incredibly tough decision that most drivers
don't get to make – the decision on exactly who should be harmed and who
should be spared. Should the AV seek to minimize injury at all costs, swerving out
of the way of pedestrians even if it means crashing the car against a family in a
car killing its passenger? Or should the car's programming try to preserve the lives
of its passengers no matter what? Scenarios where an artificial-intelligence-driven
vehicle will have to decide between life and death are going to be rare, but the
chances of encountering them will increase once millions of self-driving cars hit
the road. Also, regardless of whether a particular scenario is going to happen or
not, software engineers still need to program those choices into the car's software
ahead of time.
b. Since these AVs does not have moral, who is responsible for their actions? How
do we see in the future that ‘moral, values’ can be part of AI? (5 pts)
▪ I believe that as we get toward autonomous vehicles, we must expect that these autonomous
agents will eventually make crucial decisions regarding people's lives. Even if some AIs can act
or decide (i.e. programmed), they lack the capacities for moral agency, and so the
responsibility for their actions or decisions—actions and decisions delegated to them by
humans, remains and should remain with the human agents who develop and use the
technology. Therefore, Humans should never relinquish moral agency to machines, and
machines should be ‘aligned’ with human values; but we also need to consider how broad
assumptions about our moral capacities and the capabilities of AI, impact on how we think
about AI and ethics.
c. Identify at least 3 disadvantages/cons of AVs and explain. (5 pts)
▪ Concerns about safety - While you may believe that automation would handle many safety
issues, it is crucial to recognize that the technology is still in its early stages. Fully autonomous
cars are prone to misreading road bumps and struggle to operate in certain weather
conditions. Furthermore, they may struggle to understand their interactions with bikers and
pedestrians. Since technology is always evolving, your car's system may face an incorrect code
if the update is not performed correctly.
▪ Reception Issues - Nothing is more aggravating than leaving the city and discovering that your
gadget has terrible reception. Consider the same situation when driving. To communicate
information wirelessly, self-driving cars rely on good intercommunication with other AVs.
Because the technology is still in its early stages, manufacturers must solve how to send
information in places with poor reception in order to keep you mobile.
▪ Moral Dilemma - Another problem of self-driving cars is their inability to distinguish between
unfavorable outcomes. For example, Just like the question a while ago if a self-driving
automobile is faced with a circumstance with just two options:
In cases, where there are decisions to choose between two options, eg choosing the lesser
number of people to hit, ie, family in a car versus a pedestrian, how does AV take this decision?
Since both options are undesirable, which option would the autonomous car choose?
5. The development of ‘genetically modified lifeforms’ using DNA editing is a promising
innovation that is predicted to help human being improve their lives. Identify and explain
at least two disadvantages of this technology? (5 pts)
▪ Increased risk of allergies - The procedure here is a little convoluted, because allergens in
GMO food are easily transported from one crop to another. As a result, pregnant women
who consume GMO foods may damage their children by modifying their genetic codes
and manifestations. Genetic editing is an irreversible process that cannot be stopped once
it begins. Unwanted consequences may result from the instant evolutionary changes made
by our genetic engineering techniques, and the danger might reach critical levels, such as
allergic responses developing into some form of spontaneous reaction that can imperil our
entire planet and our survival.
▪ Fear of invasive species spreading - Genetically modified (GM) animals and plants are well-
known for their capacity to adapt to varied habitats better than non-GM animals and
plants. Concerns have been raised about the prospect of unregulated development,
which might transform the species into invasive ones, causing harm to the ecosystem and
the organisms themselves.

6. World Bank explained the E governance as the use by government agencies of

information technologies that have the ability to transform relations with:
I. government to citizen (G2C),
II. government-to-business (G2B),
III. government-to-government (G2G),
IV. Government-to-employees (G2E)
V. as well as back-office processes and interactions within the entire
government framework.
a. Identify and explain at least 2 examples of e-governance for items I to IV above (12
pts)
▪ Government to citizen (G2C) – The goal of G2C is to provide one-stop, online access
to information and services to individuals. Therefore, the sale of government bonds to
the general public is an example of a G2C marketing drive. Business-to-consumer
marketing refers to a business strategy where the company promotes its services and
products to the individual by creating, selling, and advertising the products.
▪ Government-to-business (G2B) – is a relationship between businesses and
government, where government agencies of various levels provide services or
information to a business entity via government portals or with the help of other IT
solutions. Noncommercial online interactions between the local and central
government and business are known as “government to business” (G2B). Examples of
this kind of online government service include tax return filing and trade business
licensing applications (SIUP).
▪ Government-to-government (G2G) – is a term used to describe interactions between
governments, typically at the national level. These interactions can take a variety of
forms, including diplomatic relations, economic cooperation, military alliances and so
on. Examples of G2G are inter-office teleconferencing, Wide Area Networks for
geographically displaced offices, centralized clearance, licensing or accreditation
from various offices. Front-line ICT applications for e-Government act as interface
between the Government and Citizens or Businesses.
 ▪ Government-to-employees (G2E) – Is one of four main primary interactions in the
delivery model of E-governance. It is the relationship between online tools, sources,
and articles that help employees to maintain the communication with the
government and their own companies.
b. Create a simple block diagram of processes to improve the distribution of Ayuda in
the Barangay level. (8 pts)

7. We have discussed 4 approaches when dealing with ethical issues. Explain and give
concrete examples of these principles as applied to the real world. (8 pts)
▪ Virtue Ethics Approach – For example, a person who has developed the virtue of generosity
is often referred to as a generous person because he or she tends to be generous in all
circumstances.
▪ Utilitarian Approach – Mandatory vaccination is a clear example. In most cases, we don't
give parents a choice (i.e., we limit their autonomy) because having everyone or nearly
everyone vaccinated is an easy method to achieve very very good outcomes (eradicating
communicable diseases or keeping them gone).
▪ Fairness Approach – For example, In a community, fairness looks like people keeping their
pets in their own yards, people taking care of their trash, people respecting their neighbors,
and people following the rules in their community. In a community neighbors also help one
another and take care of each other.
▪ Common good Approach – It is defined the common good as "certain general conditions
that are equally to everyone's advantage. In this approach, we focus on ensuring that the
social policies, social systems, institutions, and environments on which we depend are
beneficial to all.
8. How do you apply ethical issues in this era as a student, friend, son/daughter, member of
the society? (4 pts)
▪ The Golden Rule does not so much construct a moral rule for society as it does give
guidelines on how we should live our daily lives. The Golden Rule states that we should treat
 others as we would like to be treated. For me, Ethics is prescriptive rather than descriptive.
Ethics tells us what we should do rather than what we do. We should treat people with love,
compassion, and respect, among other things. In other words, an ethical person employs
virtues, or character characteristics, in making daily decisions. Virtues are good character
attributes that shape our ethical being. Integrity is the foundation of goodness.
So as a student, friend, son/daughter, member of the society I have ethical principles that
I always apply in my daily life.
▪ Make Things Better - Ethics compels us to better our circumstances, not by riches or
success, but through virtuous action. Making things better means living a virtue-filled
life in which we seek for enjoyment while avoiding harming others.
▪ Treat People Fairly - The Golden Rule applies here. Is this how you would like to be
treated if the shoe were on the other foot? Treating others fairly entails treating them
with dignity.
▪ Analyze the Impact of Your Actions - Our activities have an impact on others. Keep in
mind that the ends do not always justify the methods. It's just as essential how we get
there as it is that we get there. If this were not the case, we might justify abusing others
in the name of accomplishing a goal.
▪ Respect Others' Rights - How we live our life is determined by how much we respect
ourselves as well as how much we respect others. Adopt the same standards of
behavior to others as we do to ourselves. Maintain consistency in your behaviors.

9. What are the two moral values that are most important to you. Explain. 3 pts)
▪ Confidence – A major component of confidence is the value you place on yourself.
Confidence is about the faith you have in your abilities, the person you are, and how you
view your most important relationship, the one with yourself. It keeps us balanced and
grounded. It’s a powerful value that gives so much definition to the core of who we are.
▪ Honesty – Honesty should be the bedrock of your foundation, as it will define who you are
before you even allow others to know more about you.