Gas Turbine

Question: What is turbine/gas turbine?
How does it differ from a

steam turbine? [1B/2B]
Answer:
Turbine: A turbine is a rotary mechanical device that extracts energy from

a fluid flow and converts it into useful work.
Gas turbine: The gas turbine is an internal combustion engine that uses air
as the working fluid. The engine extracts chemical energy from fuel and
converts it to mechanical energy using the gaseous energy of the working
fluid to drive the engine.
In a gas turbine, the air is obtained from the atmosphere and compressed
in an air compressor. This compressed air is passed into the combustion
chamber and is heated. This hot air is then made to flow over the moving
blades of the gas turbine which imparts rotational motion to the runner.
During this process, the air gets expanded and finally it is exhausted into
the atmosphere. A major part of the power developed by the turbine is
consumed for driving the compressor. The remaining power is utilized for
doing some external work.
Difference between gas turbine and steam turbine:
Gas turbine Steam turbine

1. The important components are 1. The important components of it
compressor and combustion are boiler and accessories.
chamber.
2. It requires less space for 2. It requires more space for
installation. installation.
3. The installation of running cost is 3. The installation of running cost is
less. more.
4. The gas turbine’s starting is very 4. The starting of steam turbine is
easy and quick. difficult and takes long time.
5. It does not depend on water 5. It depends on water supply.
supply.
6. Its control is easy. 6. Its control is difficult.
7. Its efficiency is less. 7. Its efficiency is higher.
8. The mass of gas turbine per KW 8. The mass of it per KW developed
developed is less. is more.
Prepared By: Hasan Bin Firoz (533)

Mechanical Engineering Fundamentals (ME-401)
Question: Classify gas turbine. [4B]
Answer: The classification of gas turbine is given below:
1. According to the path of the working substance

a. Closed cycle gas turbines
b. Open cycle gas turbines
c. Semi-closed gas turbines
2. According to the process of heat absorption
a. Constant pressure gas turbine
b. Constant volume gas turbine
Question: Define constant pressure gas turbine and constant volume

gas turbine.
Answer:
Constant pressure gas turbine: A turbine in which the air is heated in the
combustion (or heating) chamber at constant pressure is known as
constant pressure gas turbines. All the turbines manufactured today are
constant pressure gas turbines.
Constant volume gas turbine: A turbine in which the air is heated in the
combustion (or heating) chamber at constant volume is known as constant
volume gas turbine. These turbines are not used in commercial basis,
though they have academic importance only.
Question: Write down the comparison of closed cycle and open cycle
gas turbine. [1B/3B]
Answer: The comparison between closed cycle and open cycle gas turbine
is given below:
Closed cycle gas turbine Open cycle gas turbine

1. The compressed air is heated in 1. The compressed air is heated in
the heating chamber and the amount the combustion chamber.
of gas remains same.
2. The gas from the turbine is passed 2. The gas from the turbine is
into the cooling chamber. exhausted into the atmosphere.
3. The working fluid is circulated 3. The working fluid is replaced
continuously. continuously.

4. Any fluid with better 4. only air can be used as the
thermodynamic properties can be working fluid.
used.
5. The turbine blades do not wear 5. The turbine blades wear away
away earlier. earlier.
6. Since the air from the turbine is 6. Since the air from the turbine is
cooled by circulating water, it is best discharged into the atmosphere, it is
suited for stationary installation. best suited for moving vehicle.
7. Its maintenance cost is high. 7. Its maintenance cost is low.
8. The mass of installation per KW is 8. The mass of installation per KW is
more. less.
Question: Write down the comparison between gas turbine and I.C.
engine. [2B]
Answer: The comparison between gas turbines and I.C. engines is given
below:
Gas turbines I.C. Engines

1. The mass of the gas turbine per 1. The mass of IC engine per KW
KW developed is less. developed is more.
2. The installation and running cost 2. The installation and running cost
is less. is more.
3. Its efficiency is higher. 3. Its efficiency is less.
4. The balancing of gas turbine is 4. The balancing of IC engine is not
perfect. perfect.
5. The torque produced is uniform. 5. The torque produced is not
Thus no flywheel is required. uniform. Thus flywheel is necessary.
6. The lubrication and ignition 6. The lubrication and ignition
systems are simple. systems are difficult.
7. It can be driven at very high 7. It cannot be driven at a very high
speed. speed.
8. The pressures used are very low. 8. The pressures used are very high.
9. The exhaust of a gas turbine is 9. The exhaust of an IC engine is
free from smoke and less polluting. more polluting.
10. They are very suitable for air 10. They are less suitable for air
crafts. crafts.
11. The starting of a gas turbine is 11. The starting of an IC engine is
not simple. simple.

Question: Describe a closed cycle gas turbine with P-V and T-S
diagram. [4B]
Answer: A closed cycle gas turbine, in its simplest form, consists of a

compressor, heating chamber, gas turbine which drives the generator and
compressor and a cooling
chamber.
In this turbine, the air is
compressed isentropically
and then passed into the
heating chamber. The
compressed air is heated
with the help of some
external source, and made
to flow over the turbine Figure: Schematic arrangement of a closed
blades. The air while cycle gas turbine
flowing over the blades, gets expanded. From the turbine, the air is passed
to the cooling chamber where it is cooled at constant pressure with the
help of circulating water to its original temperature. Now the air is made to
flow into the compressor again.
A closed cycle gas turbine works on Joule’s cycle as shown in figure below:
The process 1-2 shows heating of the air in heating chamber at constant
pressure. The process 2-3 shows isentropic expansion of air in the turbine.
The process 3-4 shows the cooling of the air at constant pressure in cooling
chamber. Finally, the process 4-1 shows isentropic compression of the air
in the compressor.
∴ Work done by the turbine per kg of air WT = CP(T2-T3)
And work required by the compressor per kg of air WC = CP(T1-T4)
Now, the net work available, W = WT-WC

Question: Describe a closed loop gas turbine with intercooling.
Answer: The major portion of power developed by the gas turbine is

utilized by the compressor. It can be reduced by compressing the air in two
stages with an intercooler between the two. This improves the efficiency of
the gas turbine. The schematic arrangement of a closed cycle gas turbine
with an intercooler is shown in figure below.
In this arrangement, the air is compressed in the first compressor known as

low pressure compressor. Now the air is passed to an intercooler which
reduces the temperature of the compressed air to its original temperature,
but keeping the pressure constant. After that the compressed air is once
again compressed in the high pressure compressor. Now the compressed
air is passed through the heating chamber and then through the turbine.
Finally the air cooled in the cooling chamber and again passed into the low
pressure compressor.
In the T-S diagram the process 1-2 shows heating of the air in heating
chamber. The process 2-3 shows isentropic expansion of the air in the
turbine. The process 3-4 shows cooling of the air in the cooling chamber.
The process 4-5 shows compression of air in the L.P. compressor. The
process 5-6 shows cooling of the air in the intercooler and the process 6-1
shows compression of air in the H.P. compressor.
∴ Work done by the turbine per kg of air WT = CP(T2-T3)

And work done by the compressor per kg of air WC = CP[(T1-T6)+ (T5-T4)]
Now, the net work available, W = WT-WC
N.B. 1. The power available may be found out from the work available as
usual.
2. For perfect intercooling, P6 = P5 = √ and T4=T6 and T5=T1


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Question: What is turbine/gas turbine?

How does it differ from a

Turbine: A turbine is a rotary mechanical device that extracts energy from

Difference between gas turbine and steam turbine:

Gas turbine Steam turbine

Prepared By: Hasan Bin Firoz (533)

Answer: The classification of gas turbine is given below:

1. According to the path of the working substance

Question: Define constant pressure gas turbine and constant volume

Closed cycle gas turbine Open cycle gas turbine

Prepared By: Hasan Bin Firoz (533)

Gas turbines I.C. Engines

Prepared By: Hasan Bin Firoz (533)

Answer: A closed cycle gas turbine, in its simplest form, consists of a

Prepared By: Hasan Bin Firoz (533)

Answer: The major portion of power developed by the gas turbine is

In this arrangement, the air is compressed in the first compressor known as

∴ Work done by the turbine per kg of air WT = CP(T2-T3)

2. For perfect intercooling, P6 = P5 = √ and T4=T6 and T5=T1

Prepared By: Hasan Bin Firoz (533)

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