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 Useful Language for ...

Working in groups Checking with the teacher

Would it be all right if I missed our class
tomorrow? I have to ____

I'm sorry I missed the last class. What do I need

to do to catch up?
Haven't I interviewed you already?

We're on number ____

I'm sorry. I haven't finished my homework.

I was going to do it last night, but ____

____ "means" ____ ,"doesn't it?

We still need more time - just a few more minutes. It's a regular verb, isn't it?

I'm not sure I understand what we're supposed to do.

One interesting thing we found out Could you explain the activity again, please?
was that ______

tol d us that
(__-=..-=..-=.-===- _ _ _ _ _ _ ������-=i)

viii
 Interviews

http://www.englishdept. ..

How long have you been living here?

I've been living in Mexico City for five years. I came here to go to school
originally. It's a great place to live.
Have you ever lived in another country?
No, I haven't. But my brother has. He's been living in Bogota, Colombia, for
almost a year now. I'm going to visit him later this year.
What kind of music are you listening to currently?
Well, of course I love Latin music. I'm listening to a lot of Latin pop right
now. I like to listen to music when I paint.
What's your favorite way of spending an evening? What do you do?
I like to go out with my friends - we go and eat someplace and then go
performing all night!
When did you last buy yourself a treat?
Last week, actually. I was at a friend's art studio, and I fell in love with one of
her paintings. So I bought it.
What did you do for your last birthday?
You should really get to know
I went home and had a big party with my family.
Melida Cortez, a graduate
student in our English What's the nicest thing anyone has ever done for you?
Department. Also a talented Actually, about six months ago, I was complaining to my dad that I didn't
know how to drive, so he paid for some driving lessons. I was thrilled.
artist, she spends her free
time painting, and she started Who or what is the greatest love of your life?
a sculpture class last month. Oh, chocolate! I can't get through the day without some.
She hopes one day to have an What were you doing at this time yesterday?
exhibition of her work. I was sitting on a bus. We were stuck in traffic for an hour!

Q Getting started
A Do you know someone that other people should get to know? Tell the class about him or her.
"You really should get to know my friend Frank. He's . . . "

B 94>)) 1.02 Listen and read. Do you have anything in common with Melida? Tell 3 partner.
Figure
it out C Choose the best verb form to complete the questions. Use the interview above to help you.
Then ask and answer the questions with a partner.
1. What book do you read I are you reading currently?
2. What did you do I were you doing for your last birthday?
3. Have you ever been living I lived in the United States?
2
 Interesting lives

f.l Grammar Simple and continuous verbs (review) •O 1.03

Simple verbs are for completed actions Continuous verbs are for ongoing actions or
or permanent situations. temporary situations.
Present What kind of music do you listen to? What kind of music are you listening to currently?
I love Latin music. I listen to it a lot. I'm listening to a lot of Latin pop right now.
Present Have you ever lived in another country? How long have you been living here?
Perfect No, I've never lived anywhere else. I've been living here for five years.
Past What did you do for your last birthday? What were you doing at this time yesterday?
I went home and had a big party. I was sitting on a bus.

A Complete the conversations. Use the simple or continuous form Use the simple past for completed
of the verb in the present, present perfect, or past. Sometimes events, not the past continuous.
more than one answer is possible. Then practice. My birthday was great. My friends
came to visit.
1. A What _�h�a_ve�_you been doing (do) for fun lately? (NOT My friends m:,e (Omir,9 to visit.)

B Well, I (take) kickboxing classes for the past

few months. It's a lot of fun, and I (get) in pretty good shape.

2. A Who's the most interesting person you know?

B Well, I (think) my best friend is interesting.
She (live) in Europe for three years when
she (grow up).

3. A you ever (meet) anyone famous?

B No, but last year, I (see) a TV star on the street.
We both (wait) in line for ice cream.

4. A When you last (exercise)?

B Actually, I (not exercise) in months.
I (be) really busy at work, so I haven't had time.

5. A What you (do) for a living?

B Actually, I (not work) right now.
I (look) for a job for six months,
but I (not find) anything yet.
About
you B Pair work Ask and answer the questions above. Give your own answers.

Q Speaking naturally Reductions in questions

How long have you been learning English? Why are you learning English?
What do you like to do in your English class? What did you do in your last class?

A '4>)) 1.04 Listen and repeat the questions. Notice the reductions of the auxiliary verbs
(have, do, are, did) and you. Then ask and answer the questions with a partner.
About
you B Pair work Interview your partner. Ask the questions in the interview on page 2.
Pay attention to your pronunciation of the auxiliary verbs and you.
3
 (l Building vocabulary and grammar
A 111i» 1.os Listen to Dan's story. Answer the questions.
1. Where did Dan live before he moved to Seoul? 3. How did he get his job there?
2. Why did he want to go to South Korea? 4. What did his new company offer him?

Dan Anderson was born in the U.S.A. He's now living in South Korea.
We asked him, "How did you end up living in Seoul?"
Dan: Well, it's a long story! Before I came I looked at the ad, and I remember
here, I spent three years working for a thinking, "Should I bother to apply?" But
small company in Tokyo while I finished I decided to go for it, even though I didn't
doing my master's in business. To be expect to get it, and to make a long story
honest, I wasn't planning on leaving or short, I got the job!
anything. But one day, I happened to be in The company offered to transfer me to
the office, and one of the salespeople was Seoul, and they agreed to pay for
looking at job ads online. my Korean language lessons. I
He knew I was considering going to South started working here two months
Korea someday - you see, my mother's later. And the rest is history.
South Korean, and I've always been I mean, I miss living in
interested in the culture and everything Japan, but you can't have
- and anyway, he leaned over and said, it both ways, I guess.
"Dan, this seems to be the perfect job for Actually, I can't imagine
you. Check this out." living anywhere else now!

Word
sort B Can you sort the verbs in bold above into the correct categories in the chart? Which verbs are
followed by to+ verb, verb+ -ing, or a particle or preposition +verb+ -ing?

Verb+ to+ verb Verb + verb + -ing Verb + particle/ preposition + verb+ -ing
happen (to be) spend (three years working) end up (living)

' - '"Vocabulary notebook-p:-10-

�
Flf��� C Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the verbs given.
Use Dan's story to help you.
1. I considered ____ (study) electronics, but I ended up ____ (do) math.
2. I expected (graduate) in three years. Then I decided (change) my major.

4
 Interesting lives ••m•••
fl Grammar Verb complements: verb+ -ing or to+ verb 114>» 1.06

Verb+ verb+ -ing: consider finish imagine I finished doing my master's in business.
miss mind spend (time) I spent three years working in Tokyo.
Verb + particle I preposition + verb + -Ing: end up How did you end up living here?
keep on think about plan on I wasn't planning on leaving Japan.
Verb+ to+ verb: agree decide happen offer They agreed to pay for Korean lessons.
seem intend expect I didn't expect to get the job.
Verb+ -Ing or to+ verb with the same meaning: Should I bother applying?
begin bother continue start like love hate Should I bother to apply?
Verb+ -Ing or to+ verb with a different meaning: I stopped talking to him. 01/e don't talk now.)
remember stop try I stopped to talk to him. (I stopped walking.)

A Complete the conversations with the correct forms of the

verbs given. Then practice with a partner. Begin, bother, continue, like, love,
and hate are followed more often
1. A How did you end up studyin9 (study) here? by to+ verb. Start is followed
B My friend recommended this school. I remember more often by verb + -ing.
____ (think) his English was good, so I decided
____ (sign up) for this class. How about you?
A Well, I wasn't planning on (learn) English, Don't use to+ verb after these verbs.
but my company offered (pay) for my classes. I finished reading the ad. (NOT ... � !\
I considered applying. (NOT ... �)
I agreed (come), and here I am! I want to
keep on (take) classes if I can. '" I don't mind working hard. (NOT ... ttt"Wttt'i<)

2. A What are you thinking about (do) next summer?

B Well, it depends. I just started (work) in a new job, so I don't expect (get)
much vacation time. I intend (take) a couple of long weekends off, though. You have
to stop (work) occasionally! Anyway, I love (surf), so I hope I can spend a
weekend (visit) my cousins at the beach, too.
About
you B Pair work Take turns asking the questions. Give your own answers.

Q Talk about it Why did you stop doing that?

Pair work Take turns asking each other questions using the ideas below. Ask follow-up questions.
Can you think of someone you •.. ? Can you think of something that you ... ?
don't miss seeing agreed to do recently
expect to see next week are considering doing soon
happened to run into recently can't imagine doing in the future
intended to see but didn't finished doing rece11lly
keep on calling never bother to do
love to hang out with stopped doing recently
"I don't miss seeing my old math teacher." "Why's that? Were you bad at math?"

'((· · Sounds right p. m

5
 Lesson C . ·�
COflVPfSdliOll
strr11 P!:111 <,

n Conversation strategy Highlighting key moments in a story

A Think of a time when you got lost. What happened? Tell the class.

B '4J)) 1.01 Listen. How did Mateo and Bryan get lost?

Mateo Remember that time we were hiking

in Utah?
Bryan When we got lost? That was funny.
Kim Why? What happened?
Mateo We were on this trail, and it was
getting dark. Then Bryan says,
"Where are we?"
Bryan Yeah, we couldn't see a thing, and we
walked off the trail. It was that bad.
Mateo Yeah, there were all these trees
around us, and we were so lost.And
we're thinking, "Oh, no." And we're
both getting kind of scared. We just
wanted to get out of there.
Kim I bet.
Mateo And Bryan says, "Should we jog a
little?" And I go, "Yeah. I was thinking
the same thing. Let's go."
Bryan So we started jogging, ...
Mateo And we said to each other, "We've
got to stick together, in case anything
happens."

C Notice how Mateo changes to the present tense at key

moments in his story. It makes them more "'dramatic."
Find more examples in the conversation.

D i4 )) 1.os Read more of their conversation. Change the underlined verbs to the simple present or
present continuous to make the story more dramatic.Then listen and check your answers.
hear
Bryan Yeah. And all of a sudden, we ft'ettffl this noise.
Mateo And I looked over at Bryan, and I saw his face was white, and he was starting to run fast.
Bryan Well, yeah. I mean, it was a weird noise.
Mateo So, I was thinking, "Wait a minute. What happened to our plan to stick together?" So
I started to run with him.
Bryan Yeah, we were running through the trees, scared to death. It was hilarious! It was just
like in a movie.

6
 Interesting lives

fl Strategy plus this and these in stories

When you tell stories, you can use
this and these to highlight important
people, things, and events.
We were on this trail, ...

There were all these trees ...

A Replace a, an, and some with this or these in the story below. Then take turns telling the story with
a partner.
r �
"I have a friend who's always getting
into funny situations. One time she was
invited to a going-away party, and she
ended up getting totally lost and '

wandering around a neighborhood she ,'

didn't know. Anyway, she finally sees a

house with some cars outside, and
some people were barbecuing in the
:,
backyard. So she knocks on the door,
'
and a nice guy lets her in. He thought ,,

she was one of his wife's friends.

Anyway, she spent about an hour :
talking to some people before some '

guys bring out a big birthday cake and

candles and everything.Then she ,.
'---------------------------.Jr'
�
finally realized it was the wrong party!" .: ;

About

n
you B Pair work Tell about a time you or a friend got into a funny situation.

Listening and strategies A lucky escape

A You're going to hear a story about a skiing accident. Aaron was skiing with friends when one
of them fell down the mountain. Circle four questions you want to ask Aaron.
1. Where were you skiing? 5. Did you get help? How?
2. How far did your friend fall? 6. Did he have to go to the hospital?
3. What did you do when he fell? 7. When did this happen?
4. How badly was he hurt? 8. Is he OK now?

B 114>» 1.09 Listen. Write answers to the questions you chose. Then share answers with a partner.
Can you remember the entire story together?
About
you C Pair work Think of a time when something went wrong or when you or someone you know
had an accident. Tell a partner the story.
" ... And suddenly she falls off the climbing wall and lands next to this guy. And all these people run over
to see if she's hurt. She was OK. A little embarrassed, but OKI"

7
 Against the odds

Q Reading
A What kinds of competitions are there on TV shows?
Do you ever watch them?
Read the quotes in a news story
first. They often give you a quick
B Read the article. What was Christine Ha's disadvantage in the
summary of the article.
MasterChef competition? What advantage did she have?

Blind Chef Christine Ha "I couldn't sec what anyone else was doing, I was solely
focused on myself. and I think that helped me. It gave me an
Crowned "MasterChef" advantage," she said. "When I came out of it. it was the most
stressful. intense experience of my lifc, it was amazing.··
From the moment she took those first tentative steps onto
the national stage, amateur chef Christine Ha captured Ha lost nearly all of her eyesight about five years ago after
America's heart. being diagnosed with an autoimmune disease that attacks
the optic nerves.
During the season 3 ··MasterChef" finale. Ha won the title,
$250.000, and a cookbook deal. beating out about I 00 other '·When I lost my vision. there was one time I tried to make
home chefs. But that's not what makes her so inspiring. Ha is a peanut butter and jelly sandwich," she said. "I recall
blind the first blind contestant on the show. getting it all over the counter. I just started crying and was
wondering if I would ever cook again."
"I think there are a lot of people who completely
discounted me," Ha said. "People will say, 'What is she But she did more than pick herself up off the
doing? ls she going to cut her finger off?' But I cooked at counter. She started her own blog, which is
home for years without how the producers of "MasterChef"
vision, so if I can do it at discovered her.
home. I don't see why I can't Now an official "MasterChef." Ha said.
prove to everyone else I can .. , just want people to realize that they have
,
do it on national TV.. it in themselves if they really want to. If they
Week after week , the 33-year­ have that passion, that fire, that drive. that desire
old. who lives in Houston. ... you can overcome any obstacle and any
Texas. managed to whip up challenges to really achieve what you want and
culinary masterpieces with prove yourself to the world. Everyone is very
only her senses of taste, smell, capable. Much more capable than they think
and touch to guide her. they arc."

C Find the words below in the article. Which of the two meanings is used in the article?
Circle a orb. Then compare with a partner.

1. tentative 5. whip up
a. not final a. make quickly and easily
@ not certain or confident b. mix quickly until light and fluffy
2. a cookbook deal 6. pick herself up
a. the chance to publish her own cookbook a. stand up after falling down
b. free cookbooks b. recover from a difficult situation
3. beating out 7. drive
a. mixing rapidly in a bowl a. determination
b. winning against b. use a car
4. discounted 8. overcome any obstacle
a. reduced the price a. beat or solve a problem
b. did not consider seriously b. climb over something that's in the way
8
 Interesting lives ,C•i§i•I@
D Read the article again and answer these questions. Compare your answers with a partner.
1. Why do you think Ha "captured America's heart"? Has she captured yours from your reading of the
article?
2. After losing her vision, what did Ha try to do in the kitchen? In what way is this anecdote significant?
3. What do you think Ha means by "people have it in themselves"? Do you agree with her view?

fl Listening and writing Facing a challenge

A •>» 1.10 Listen to a podcast about Bethany Hamilton. Complete the sentences with the correct
information. Choose a, b, or c.
1. As a child, Bethany surfed almost every day with _b_.
a. her parents b. her friend Alana c. Alana's father
2. Bethany decided to return to surfing __ after the shark attack.
a. a couple of weeks b. a month c. three months
3. Bethany managed to stay on her surfboard because __ added a handle.
a. her mother b. her father c. Alana's father
4. In the World Junior Championship, Bethany took __ place.
a. first b. second c. fifth
5. Since Bethany lost her arm, she has __ .
a. written a book b. starred in a movie c. received help from a charity
6. Bethany is described above all else as a great __ .
a. athlete b. role model c. traveler
About
you B Pair work Think about a time in your life when you faced a challenge. How did you feel? Did
someone help you? How did you feel afterward?
C Read the story and the Help note. Then write a story about your challenge.

My biggest challenge Writing an anecdote or a story

When I was in high .school, chemistry was a required subject. 1 _L�--r-· Set the general time or place.
but I wasn't very good at it. ...
One day. the teacher asked us to give a speech about �-�· Set the particular time or place.
chemistry in our every day lives....
On the day of the speech. I was extremely nervous.
I remember looking at all those faces. and I wanted to run ''----"'"_. Describe what happened.
away....
It was a big challenge for me to make that speech, but it • End the story and, if possible,
helped me become much more confident.... link the events to now.

D Pair work Read a partner's story. Then ask questions to find out more about the story.
'free talk, p. 129

9
 Learning tip Verb patterns
When you learn a new verb, write down the verb form(s) that can follow it.
Then use it in a sentence. For example:

1 Write down the form(s) of the verbs that can follow the verbs below. Then complete the mottoes. Use
the correct form(s) of the verbs given.
1 . agree ----=-to=---+--------'----'ve=-r-=b__ "Never agree ______ (lend) money to strangers."
2. intend ______ "If you don't intend {do) something properly,
bother ______ don't bother (start) it!"
3. stop _______ "Never stop (do) the things you
enjoy _______ enjoy (do)."
4. keep on ______ "Keep on (try) until you find success."
5. consider ______ "Consider (take) every opportunity you get in life."
6. seem _______ "Things aren't always what they seem (be)."

2 Word builder Find out the meanings of these verbs, and write down the verb form(s) that can follow
them. Then make up your own motto for each verb.

give up promise put off refuse

Make a flip pad for the new verbs you have learned
in this unit. Write each new verb in a sentence.
Every time you have a spare minute, learn a verb!

10
. --
Lesson A
·-·····- .. ...
Makeovers

We gave Cindy and

Scott, two very good
friends, the chance
to choose a new
look for each other.
How did they do?
Here's the verdict!

What do you think about your How do you like your new look,
new look, Cindy? Scott?
I love it! I don't usually wear these Well, I kind of like it. I'm not used to
colors, but this dress is really nice. I wearing pants like these, but they're
like it. I wouldn't usually wear this just as comfortable as my jeans. And
much makeup - I try to get ready as Cindy made a good choice with the
quickly as I can in the morning - but suede jacket. It's cool. Yeah, I don't
it looks good. I'm really pleased. look as scruffy as I did!
Scott, you chose a completely Cindy, do you like Scott's new
different look for Cindy. How do look? He looks very different!
you like it? Yes, I really like it. He doesn't pay as
I like it a lot. I tried as hard as I could much attention to his appearance as
to find a style that suits her he should. Actually, the pastel shirt I
personality better. Her hair looks chose doesn't look as good on him as
great. I mean, l don't usually like short the bright colors he usually wears. I
hair as much as long hair, but it looks don't think I like pastels that much,
good on her, I think. And I like the after all. But overall , he looks a lot
dress on her. She looks great. better! I like his hair short like that.

Getting started
A Look at the "before" and "after" pictures of Cindy and Scott. What has changed?
B '4i» 1.11 Listen. What do Cindy and Scott think about their makeovers? Do you agree with their
comments?

��� C How do Cindy and Scott actually say these things? Find the sentences in the article above.
Compare with a partner.
1. Scott These pants and my jeans are equally comfortable.
2. Scott I used to look scruffier.
3. Cindy He should pay more attention to his appearance.
4. Cindy I try to get ready quickly in the morning - I can't get ready faster.

12
� �----
 Personal tastes ,ju1§1if.
fl Grammar Comparisons with (not) as... as-.,» 1.12
You can make comparisons with (not) as • .• as with adjectives, nouns, and adverbs.
Adjectives The pants are just as comfortable as my jeans. (They're the same.)
The pants are not as comfortable as my jeans. (They're less comfortable.)
I don't look as scruffy as I did. (I was scruffier before.)
Nouns She spends as little time as possible on her makeup.
She doesn't wear as many bright colors as she should.
He doesn't pay as much attention to his appearance as he should.
Adverbs I tried as hard as I could to find the right style for her.
I don't like short hair as much as long hair. Don't forget the first as.
Jeans aren't as nice as pants.
(NOT Jeans a. en 't niu e,5 pants.)
A Complete the sentences. Use the words in parentheses and as . .. as.
1. Older people don't care as much as (not care/ much) younger
people about their appearance.
2. Makeover shows ___________ (not be/ interesting) other
reality shows on 1V.
3. Men ___________ (spend/ much) money on themselves
____ women do.
4. When I choose clothes, looks ___________
(be I important) comfort.
5. I (not have I many) clothes and
shoes I'd like.
6. ___________ (spend I little time) possible shopping for
clothes.
7. Today's styles ___________ (not be I attractive) the styles of ten years ago.
8. Women ___________ (get haircuts I often) men.

Ab�j
B Pair w ork Do you agree with the statements above? Explain your views.

8 Speaking naturally Linking words with the same consonant sound

big glasses wear red dark colors some makeup stylish shoes

A '4>)) 1.13 listen and repeat the expressions above. Notice that when the same consonant sound is at
the end of one word and at the start of the next, it is pronounced once, but it sounds longer.
About
you B '4>» 1.14 Now listen and repeat these statements. Are they true for you? Discuss with a partner.
1. I think men look cool in shirts and ties.
2. I don't like big glasses. They're less stylish than small glasses.
3. I like casual clothes. I can't stand dressing up for anything.
4. I think women should always wear some makeup.
5. I own a lot of black clothes. I hate to wear bright colors, and I never wear red.
6. There are a lot of stylish shops in my neighborhood. They sell some good designer stuff.

13
 Lesson B Fashion

Q Building language
A '4>)) 1.15 Listen. Why doesn't Ben like the jacket? Practice the conversation.
Yoko Oh, don't you just love this jacket? I mean, isn't it great?
Ben Hmm. I don't know.
Yoko Don't you like it? I think it's really nice.
Ben It's OK. It's kind of bright.
Yoko But don't you like the style? It'd look good on you,
don't you think?
Ben Well, maybe.
Yoko Well, don't you want to try it on, at least?
Ben Not really. And anyway, isn't it a little expensive?
Yoko Oh, isn't it on sale?
Ben No. It's full price. The sale rack is over there. Hey, look
at those jackets. Aren't they great?
Figure
it out B How does Yoko actually say these things? Underline what she says in the conversation.
1. I love this jacket! 2. I think you should try it on. 3. I'm surprised you don't like it.

8 Grammar Negative questions

m
'4>)) 1.16

When you want or expect someone to agree with you, you can use negative questions.
To express an opinion To suggest an idea To show surprise
irLanguage
Isn't this jacket great? Aren't they a little expensive? Isn't it on sale?
Don't you think it's great? Don't you think it's too bright? Don't you like it?
Doesn't that look good on him? It'd look good, don't you think? Doesn't she like it?

Look at the rest of Yoko and Ben's conversation. Rewrite the underlined sentences as negative
questions. Then practice with a partner.
Ben Look at these jackets. I think they're nice.
Yoko Well, I'm not sure about the color. They're kind of plain.
Ben Really? I'm surprised you don't like them. Look. This one
looks good.
Yoko Um ... it's a little tight. It looks kind of small.
Ben No, it's just right. I think I'll get it!
Yoko And it's not as cheap as the other jackets.
Ben Oh, it's not the same price. Well, maybe we should look
around a bit more.

14
 ,Cij@iifW
8 Building vocabulary
Personal tastes

A Pair work Read the product descriptions on the website. What do you think about each item?
"Those rubber boots ore cool... "Aren't they a bit bright?"

Luxury cashmere Men's wool Women's long-sleeved cotton tops

scarves and silk turtleneck and V-neck are available in a range of solid
and women's leather ties make perfect sweaters will keep colors. Shown here in neon green,
and suede jackets. gifts. you warm all winter. dark green, and light green.

Looking for denim Women's short- 8 Our rubber boots

jeans? Whether sleeved striped .-.�.,, come in a variety
you want boot-cut shirts in of patterns.
or flared, fitted, polyester. Aoral· Shown here in
skinny, or print and plaid turquoise with a
ba11BY-We have shirts also polka-dot
jeans to fit you! available. pattern.

�'::,� B Complete the chart with the words in bold above, and add your own ideas. Then compare with a
partner. Do any of these words describe clothes that you and your classmates are wearing?

Colors Patterns Materials Styles

neon _qreen striped leather V-neck

.. - ·vocabutarynotebook- p:·20-
Q Talk about it Different styles
�

Group work Discuss the following questions. Use negative questions where possible.
What styles are in fashion right now? What colors? What fabrics? Do you like them?
What kinds of styles look good on you? How about your friends?
What colors are the clothes in your closet? What materials are they made of?
Are there any colors you won't wear? Why?
Would you buy any of the items on the website above? Why? Why not?
"Well, skinny jeans ore in fashion. but don't you think they look kind of ugly?" '(r. Sounds right � T

15
 Lesson C Conversat1or1
strategies

(l Conversation strategy Summarizing things people say

A Pair work Who do you buy gifts for?
What do you usually buy? Tell the class.
Janet What do you want to get for your sister?
B •0) 1.11 Listen. What do you find out What kind of things does she like?
about Don's sister? Don Well, she likes to read.She likes music.
She likes to cook, sew ...
Janet She seems to have a lot of different
interests.
Don Yeah. I'm not sure what to get her.
She has hundreds of books already.
Janet She has a big collection, then.
Don Yeah.And she has a ton of music and as
much stuff for the kitchen as she could
ever want.
Janet Sounds like she has everything she
needs.
Don Yeah. She doesn't really need anything.
Janet Now, doesn't she travel a lot? Because
you could get her an e-reader or a tablet
or something.
Don Actually, that's a great idea.She's always
complaining about carrying her books
everywhere. I think I'll do that.

C Notice how Janet summarizes the things Don says.

It shows she's involved In the conversation and Is
following what Don Is saying. Find more examples.

O Match each statement with the best response. Write the letters a tog.
Then practice with a partner.
1. I only download free books or go to the library. __ a. Sounds like she's a walking
2. I've downloaded thousands of songs. __ encyclopedia.
3. A friend of mine never seems to like the gifts b. Yeah.What do you buy the man
I give her. __ who has everything?
4. It's hard to buy gifts for my dad. He never wants c. Wow. He has a fantastic memory.
anything. __ d. Gosh. You have really broad tastes.
5. My mom reads a lot. She knows everything. __ e. Sounds like she's really choosy.
6. My friend remembers the lyrics of every song f. You have a huge collection, then.
he hears. g. Right. You don't buy books, then.
7. I read all kinds of stuff, from romance to science
fiction.
16
 Personal tastes ,C•)WfW
fl Strategy plus Now
Now is often used to introduce a
follow-up question. It shows that
you want to move the conversation

.
on to a different aspect of a topic •
. .
Now is one of the top 100 words.
About 20% of the uses of now She doesn't really need
are to introduce questions. anything.

Find two follow-up questions for each conversation. Write the letters a to f. Then practice with a
partner. Ask the questions again and give your own answers.

a. Now, do you have an idea before you start looking? d. Now, do you have similar tastes?
b. Now, do you like to do all the tourist things? e. Now, do you usually go alone?
c. Now, does she have a background in design? f. Now, do you ask what people want?

1. A Do you like to shop for gifts?

B Yeah. I like to look for something really unusual. You know, something different.
A So you put some thought into it. ____

2. A So, are you good at decorating your home? Like choosing colors and fabrics?
B No, not at all! My wife does all that stuff. She loves buying cushions and things like that.
A So you're not interested in that. ____

3. A So, I heard you like to travel a lot?

B Yeah, I really like going to a new city and seeing the sights.
A So you like exploring. ____

8 Listening and strategies Broad tastes

A .. l)) 1.18 listen to three conversations. Who has broad tastes? Write the name or names. Then listen
again and answer the questions below.

1. What happens in the cooking show? How did Mary learn to cook?
2. What is Nick listening to? How did Nick get into that kind of music?
3. Why is James exhausted? How did James get into sci-fi?

B .. >)) 1.19 Now listen to three excerpts from the conversations. Circle the best response.

1. a. So you don't do it much anymore. b. Wow. You know what you're doing.
2. a. Really? You play everything. b. So you gave it up.
3. a. You think anything's possible, then. b. Right. It doesn't seem real at all.
About
you C Pair work What kind of tastes do you have in movies, food, and music? Discuss with a partner.

A I love classic movies. I think they're just as good as the movies they make these days.
B Really? So you're into old movies. Now, what genres do you like? Sci-fi or . . . ?
17
 n Reading
A Can you think of some ways to dress well without spending a lot of money? Tell the class.

B Read the article. Does it mention any of your ideas?

Which ideas are the best? Which ideas have you tried? Read the first sentence of each tip
to see what the article covers.

Do you ever worry that you don't look as great as you could?
H01/\1 TO Maybe you don't have as much time- or money - as you'd like to

DEVELOP spend on yourself. But dressing well is important because knowing

you look good makes you feel more confident.
YOUR Developing your own personal style is not as hard (or as expensive)

PERSONAL as you might think! Even jeans and a T-shirt can look as stylish as a
dressy outfit - if you know how to put them together. Here are
STYLE some quick, inexpensive tips to help you create your own fabulous
personal style.

O Don't wear clothes that are too "old" or too "young" CD Clean out your closet. __ Get rid of stained, out of
for you, and choose styles that are appropriate for your shape, torn, faded, or out-of-style clothing and scuffed
lifestyle. __ You want to feel as comfortable as shoes. Sell them at a consignment store, and use the extra
possible. cash to jazz up your wardrobe.

8 Flip through a magazine to find styles you like. Use the O Update an outfit you already have. Add a new belt. If
photos as a guide. __ your jeans are worn at the bottom, cut them off to make
a pair of capris.
8 Look at photos of yourself wearing a variety of outfits.
Which ones look good on you? Which ones aren't 0 Make sure you have a few essentials. Men need a
particularly flattering? Notice what you like and dislike well-fitting sweater with a pair of casual but
about different outfits. Is it the fabric? The color? The style? well-cut pants. For women, a classic
black dress and a pair of simple pants
8 Think about your life goals. Are you looking for a job? To that you can dress up or down are
impress potential employers, liven up your professional must-haves.
look by adding some accessories to the suit you already
have. How about a scarf? A colorful new tie?

0 Call attention to your best features. Choose colors that

bring out the color of your eyes. __ If you're not as
slim as you'd like to be, buy tailored clothes that fit well.

I
Don't just wear baggy outfits to cover up those few
extra pounds. Choose the best fabrics for your shape.
Silk may feel nice, but be careful - shiny fabrics can
make you look heavier. Cashmere, on the other hand,
can make you look slimmer and looks especially good
on muscular men.

18
 Personal tastes ,C•W•fM
C Where do these sentences fit in the article? Write the correct letters in the spaces.
a. If you want to look taller, wear clothes with vertical stripes.
b. Bring the pictures with you when you go shopping.
c. And for both men and women, a pair of classic black shoes is a necessity.
d. Take out everything that doesn't fit you anymore.
e. If you walk everywhere, be sure to buy shoes that are comfortable as well as stylish.

Q Listening and speaking Keeping up with trends

A 114>» 1.20 Listen to four people talk about trends. Number the topics 1 to 4.
There is one extra topic.
D hairstyles D fashion D technology D cars D sports and fitness
B 114>» 1.20 Listen again. Do the people keep up with trends? Circle Yes or No. Write one thing they do
or don't do.

1. Madd Yes I No
2. Frank Yes I No
3. Laura Yes I No
4. Nate Yes I No
About
you C Pair work What are the current trends in each area in Exercise A? Do you keep
up with the trends? Why? Why not?

Q Writing Style interview

A Read the question and answer below and the Help note. Add commas(,) where needed and a
dash(-), and change one period to an exclamation mark(!).

Punctuation
• Use commas (,) in lists.
My clothes are fun, colorful,
and unusual.
• Use a dash (-) to add or
explain more about something.
• Use an exclamation mark(!)
for emphasis.
I wear every color under the
sun - sometimes all at once!

About
you
8 Write three questions about personal style. Then exchange papers with a partner. Write answers to
your partner's questions.

C Pair work Read your partner's answers to your questions. Check the punctuation.

' Free talk 11 1�.J

19
 Learning tip Labeling pictures I .. . . .... ""
Shades of blue
When you want to learn a new set of vocabulary, find and label The top ways of describing
pictures illustrating the new words. For example, you can use a blue in conversation are:

fashion magazine to label items of clothing, styles, colors, 1. navy blue 4. bright blue
2. dark blue 5. light blue
patterns, and materials. 3. royal blue 6. deep blue

1 What styles of clothing, colors, and patterns can you see in the picture? What materials do you think the
clothes are made of? Label the picture with words from the box and other words you know .

.I baggy polka·dot
dark brown short·sleeved
fitted I skinny silk
flared striped
floral·print .I suede
leather turquoise
light blue turtleneck
long·sleeved V-neck
neon orange wool

baggy

2 Word builder Find out what these words mean. Then find an example of each one in the picture above,
and add labels.

ankle-length gold navy blue

beige maroon plastic Find a fashion magazine and label as many
crew-neck mauve tweed of the different styles, materials, patterns,
and colors as you can in ten minutes.

20
 0�1..J-:!I 0� j � .Jl:I
Lesson A Traditional things

What not to miss ...

WE ASKED PEOPLE:
What's one thing you shouldn't miss
on a visit to ... ?

"Oh, Korean food! We have so "Well, Peru has some beautiful handicrafts.
many different dishes. One typical dish is kimbap. It's A lot of them are exported nowadays, and
made with rice and vegetables and wrapped in dried they're sold all over the world. But it's still
seaweed. And it's eaten cold. It's delicious." -Min-hee Park worth visiting a local market. These earrings
are made locally. They're made of silver."
-Elena Camacho

"Oh, you should go to a

performance of
traditional Aboriginal
music. They play this
instrument - it's called a
didgeridoo. It's made out
of a hollow piece of wood
"A Japanese festival like the Sapporo Ice and painted by hand. It
Festival - that's really worth seeing. It's makes a
held every February. They have all these really
sculptures that are carved out of interesting
ice - and they're carved by teams sound'.'
from all over the world. It's -Robert Flynn
amazing'.' -Sachio Ito

8 Getting started
A Look at the countries above. What do you know about each country? Make a list of ideas.
B 1111>)) 1.21 Listen. What aspect of their country's culture does each person talk about?

F/f��i C Rewrite the sentences below, but keep the same meaning. Use the comments above to help you.
1. You eat kimbap cold. Kimbap cold.
2. People make earrings like these locally. Earrings like these locally.
3. They export a lot of handicrafts. A lot of handicrafts ______
4. Teams from all over the world carve The sculptures by teams
the sculptures. from all over the world.
22
 World cultures ••NfiM
fl Grammar The simple present passive .. l)) 1.22

Use the passive when the "doer" of the action is not known or not important.
Active Passive II

How do they make kimbap? How is kimbap made? The most common
They make it with rice and vegetables. It's made with rice and vegetables. passive verbs are made,
done, and called.
Do they eat it hot or cold? Is it eaten hot or cold? '---------lmlll'!!IJ!!l!!!!!"1!!#'··
They eat it cold. They don't eat it hot. It's eaten cold. It's not eaten hot.
They carve the sculptures out of ice. The sculptures are carved out of ice.
If the "doer" of the action is important, you can introduce it with by.
The sculptures are carved by teams from all over the world. Be sure to use the verb be in the
present simple passive.
About The sculptures are carved out of ice.
you A Rewrite the questions about your country. Then write true (NOT Fllt ,et1f1'tt11 t3 ,.,,,td "t1t "{ iet .)
answers. Use the simple present passive.
1. When do people sing the national anthem?
When is the national anthem sung? It's sung . . .
2. How do you make your favorite traditional food? Do you serve it cold?
3. Do both men and women play your country's national sports?
4. When do people celebrate your most important festivals? Does everybody celebrate them?
5. When do people wear the national costume? Do people wear it a lot?
6. Do people play traditional folk music?
7. Do people make traditional handicrafts? Where do they sell them?
About
you B Pair work Compare your answers with a partner. Can you add more ideas?

8 Speaking naturally_ Silent syllables

diffpent intpesting ve�able

A .. l» 1.23 Listen and repeat the words. Notice that the unstressed vowels are not pronounced.
B -.J» t.24 Listen to people talk about their cities. Cross out the vowel that is not pronounced in the
underlined words. Then read the sentences to a partner.
1. Broe, Switzerland: We're known for our chocolate, which is sold all over the world. If you're really
interested, you can visit a factory to learn about the history of chocolate and how it's made.
2. Coober Pedy, Australia: The average temperature here in summer is almost 40 ° C, so it's much
cooler to live underground. It's definitely something different for travelers!
3. Akihabara, Japan: If you want a camera, then you have to shop here. Practically every brand of
electronic and computer goods is displayed here!
4. Boyaca, Colombia: Emeralds are mined all over the world, but our region has some of the best and
most valuable stones. They're mostly exported and made into jewelry.
About
you c Choose a city, region, or country, and tell the class what it's known for. Guess the places
your classmates talk about.
"This place is known for its wooden dolls. They're painted by local artists."
23
 Lesson B
... ..... .. . . .
Manners

n Building vocabulary and grammar

A .. ))) 1.25 Listen. Are these statements true in your country? Check(./) True or False.
True False
1. Eating food on a subway or bus is bad manners. D D
2. It's rude to cut in line. D D
3. You should try to keep your voice down in public. D D
4. You can offend someone by not bowing or shaking hands
when you meet. D D
5. People might stare at you for walking around barefoot. D D
6. Having an argument in public is considered bad manners. D D
7. It's impolite to walk into someone's home without
taking off your shoes. D D
8. Showing affection in public- holding hands or kissing-
is inappropriate. D D
9. You should try not to stand too close to people.
It's considered rude. D D
10. It's acceptable not to tip cab drivers. D D
11. You should be careful not to point at people. D D
12. It's customary to bargain with street vendors to get something
cheaper, but it's not acceptable to do this in a store. D D
Word
sort B What behaviors are considered acceptable in your country? Complete the
chart with ideas from above. Add your own ideas. Then compare with a partner.

It's acceptable to .. . It's not acceptable to ...

take your shoes off in the house. stand too close to people.

F� C Circle the correct choices. Are the sentences true in " - ·vocab·atarynotebookT.Jo-
_.....,
your country? Discuss with a partner.
1. Cut I Cutting in line is bad manners.
2. You might offend someone by standing I stand too close.
3. You can offend your host by not taking/ to take off your shoes.
4. It's polite bow I to bow when you meet someone.
5. It's customary not to tip I tip cab drivers.

24
 World cultures 'i•Hiif.
fl Grammar Verb+ -ing and to+ verb; position of not�>» 1.26

Verb + -ing as a subject Position of not

Eating in public is bad manners. Not comes before the word it negates.
Not shaking hands is impolite. Be careful not to point at people.
Verb + -ing after prepositions You can offend people by not bowing.
You can offend people by eating in public. Notice the difference in meaning:
People might stare at you for not shaking hands. It's acceptable not to tip cab drivers.
to + verb after It's ... (It's optional.)
It's bad manners to eat in public. It's not acceptable to tip cab drivers.
It's impolite not to shake hands. (You shouldn't do it.)

A Complete the sentences about eating at restaurants. Use verb+ -ing or to+ verb.

1. If a friend invites you out to dinner, it's inappropriate ______ (take)

another friend with you.
2. It's bad manners ______ (not/call) the restaurant if you have a
reservation and you decide to cancel your plans.
3. (arrive) a little late when you meet a big group of friends
at a restaurant is acceptable. (not I show) up at all is
impolite.
4. If you get to the restaurant before your friend, it's fine
_____ (sit) down at the table.
5. It's not acceptable (complain) to your server if
you don't like your meal.
6. People might be upset with you for (not/ pay)
your fair share of the bill.
7. (talk) with your mouth full is considered rude. (take) phone calls
during dinner is also bad manners.
8. You can offend the server by (not I leave) a tip. But (give)
a smaller tip is fine if the service is bad.
9. (ask) the server for a box to bring your leftover food home is acceptable.
10. It's bad manners (not thank) the person who paid afterwards. ______ (not
say) thank you is really impolite.
About
you
8 Pair work Discuss the statements above. Which ones do you agree with?
Can you add more etiquette advice?

A Yeah. Taking another friend with you is rude - especially if you're not paying.
8 But it's not rude to invite another friend if it's a casual evening out.
About
you C Pair work What etiquette advice can you think of for the following situations?
Make a list and then share with another pair.

visiting someone's home going to a birthday party going to an interview

"Well, when you visit someone's home, you might offend the host by not bringing a gift."

'(V· Sounds right p. 137

25
 Lesson C Conversat,or1
strateg 1 es

n Conversation strategy Sounding more direct

A What kinds of things do people miss about home when they move abroad? Make a list.

B 14>» 1.21 Listen. What would David miss if he left Brazil?

Hilda So, when you're living here, do you

miss home?
David Um, I don't miss too much, to be
honest. Um, I miss my family,
of course ....
Hilda Right.
David But I definitely don't miss the food!
Um, I miss my family.That's about it.
Hilda So, if you went back home, would
you miss lots of things about Brazil?
David Oh, yeah. I'd absolutely miss the
food here. Yeah. But actually, I think
the biggest thing would be ... it
would be weird for me to live in a
country where I knew the language
already, where all I have to do is
work. I just don't see a challenge in
that.You know, here every day is a
challenge, speaking the language.
Hilda Uh-huh.
David In fact, living back home would be
boring, I think. I honestly don't
know what I'd do.

Notice that when David wants to sound more direct or absolutely, definitely, really,
assertive, he uses expressions like these. Find examples actually, certainly , honestly, in fact,
In the conversation. to be honest, to tell y ou the truth

About
you D Make these statements about living in another country more direct. Use the expressions given.
Then discuss each statement with a partner. Do you agree?

1. I'd miss my friends. (definitely) I'd miss everyone. (in fact)

2. I wouldn't miss the weather. (certainly) But I'd miss the food. (really)
3. I'd enjoy living in a different culture. (actually)
4. Learning the language would be a challenge. (to be honest)
5. I wouldn't miss the lifestyle here. (to tell you the truth)
6. I think I'd be scared to go abroad on my own. (honestly)

A If I lived in another country, I'd definitely miss my friends!

8 Well, yes, but to be honest, it's good to make new friends too.
26
 World cultures ,C•W•i•
fl Strategy plus of course
Of course usually means•
.. This idea Is not surprising. I miss my family, Be careful when you use
It's what you expect." of course. of course. It can sound
abrupt or rude as an
You can also use Of course answer to a question.
In responses to show you A Do you miss your family?
agree or understand. B Oh, yes, I really do.
(NOT OfC6tH5e.)
A I really miss my family.
8 Of course.
-...--. Of course is one of the top
50 expressions.

A Read the conversations. Which response is more polite? Circle a orb.

1. Do you think living in another country would be exciting?
a. Of course it would.
b. Absolutely. Of course, I'd probably feel homesick at times.
2. Would you learn all about a country before you went?
a. Well, I guess I'd like to know all about its culture. And, of course, its traditions.
b. But of course. You really should learn something.
3. Would you take something with you to remind you of home?
a. Of course.
b. Probably. Maybe a photo of my bird . Of course, I couldn't take the bird with me, but ...
About B Pair.
you work Ask and answer the questions above, giving your own answers. Use of course in your
answers, but be careful how you use it.

8 Listening and strategies Away from home

A i4i» 1.28 Listen to Val talk about her experience. Answer the questions.
1. Why is she living away from home?
2. What has been challenging for her?
3. What has been going well?
4. How does she keep in touch with family? When?
B '4i)) 1.28 Listen again. What would Val's friend say about her experience? Check(/') the sentences.
1. D To tell you the truth, Val's host sister is pretty unfriendly.
2. D To be honest, she hasn't gotten to know many people.
3. D She's definitely learning about the culture.
4. D Of course, she doesn't like having to be home at ten.
5. D She's certainly homesick. In fact, she wants to go back home right now.
About
you c Group work Think about a time you were away from home. Who and what did you miss?
How did you keep in touch? Talk about your experience.
"When I was an exchange student, I missed my friends. Of course, I missed my family, too."

27
 Proverbs

Q Reading
A Think of a proverb in your language. When is it used, and why?
Read the first sentence of each
B Read the article. Do you have similar proverbs in your language? paragraph. What do you think
Are proverbs used in the same ways? each paragraph will be about?

Proverbs exist in every language and culture and are a way of passing down folk wisdom. or
"common sense," from generation to generation. Who doesn't remember a time when they were
struggling with a problem or dilemma, and someone quoted a proverb that aptly summed up or
explained the situation?"All's fair in love and war" describes the injustice that is often encountered
in a romantic relationship and may help some of us accept it."Absence makes the heart grow
fonder" is meant to give hope when a loved one is far away. When that same relationship is
brought to an end by distance, we hear, "Out of sight, out of mind."

Proverbs have lasted for thousands of years. probably because they're so memorable. Some are
short and concise, like"Practice makes perfect" and"Haste makes waste," while others use a poetic
language such as metaphors, repetition. and rhymes. The metaphor"Out of the frying pan and
into the fire" is easy to visualize when you are faced with a difficult situation that just got even worse.
The repetition of the consonant"t" makes it easy to remember" It takes two to tango." The rhyme
"When the cat's away, the mice will play" comes to mind as soon as the boss leaves on vacation.
and the repetition of the structure in"Once bitten. twice shy" makes this an extremely catchy phrase.

Some scholars who study proverbs look for examples that are unique to a particular culture as a
key to understanding cultural differences. Others focus on the proverbs that appear in almost
every language as a way of defining a common wisdom that binds all humans together.

Proverbs don't always offer up universal truth, however. and they are frequently contradictory.
People say,"Clothes make the man," to reflect the importance of appearance as part of one's
personal identity. On the other hand. they also say,"You can't judge a book by its cover." to point
out that appearances can be deceptive. And with"Handsome is as handsome does" they stress
the value of good behavior over good looks.

So while proverbs can help us grasp some universally shared wisdom. they a.lso force us to
recognize that life is complex and that there are no easy answers. The complexity of the human
condition as reflected in proverbs is yet another thing that is shared by people around the world.

c Read the article again. Can you find these things? Compare with a partner.

1. a function proverbs serve in different languages and cultures

2. two different ways scholars look at proverbs
3. two proverbs that are memorable because they use rhyme
4. three proverbs that are memorable because they repeat consonants, words, or structures
5. two-pairs of proverbs that are contradictory
6. two things we can learn when we study proverbs from different cultures
28
 World cultures

fl Listening and speaking Favorite proverbs

A Can you guess the meaning of the proverbs below? Discu ss with a partner.

You can't expect

Every Tuesday has
both ends of a
its Sunday.
sugar cane to
-SPANISH
./be sweet.

B .. i» 1.29
Listen to four people talk about their favorite proverbs. Number the proverbs above 1 to 4.
What do they mean? Did you guess the meaning correctly?

c .. i)) 1.Jo Match each proverb above with a similar English proverb below. Write the numbers. Then
listen again as someone comments on each proverb, and check your answers.
a. You can't have your cake and eat it, too. __
b. Every cloud has a silver lining. __
c. If you can't stand the heat, get out of the kitchen. __
d. Beggars can't be choosers. __
About
you D Pair work Which of the proverbs above is your favorite? Why? When would you use it?
'"Beggars can't be choosers' is used a lot in our house. My mom is always saying it. It's great because . . . "

8 Writing Explain a proverb

A Read the article below. Find the useful expressions from the Help note, and underline them.

Useful expressions
Just one watermelon at a time! One of my favorite proverbs is " . . . "
It's often said when . . .
One of my favorite Arabic proverbs is ··You cannot carry
two watermelons in one hand.,. It"s often said when a person It means that . . .
is taking on too much work or too many challenges. It A similar proverb in English is " . . . "
means that you need to focus on one important task at a I like it because . . .
time and do it well. A similar proverb in English is .. Don't
bite off more than you can chew... I like the proverb about
watermelon because it"s an excellent metaphor. Whenever I
have to decide about a new project. I can see myself trying
to carry two watermelons. and I stop and think about how
much work I can handle.

B Write a short article about your favorite proverb. Say why you like it and what it means. Then read
your classmates' articles. Did anyone choose the same proverb?
" Free talk p. no
29
-- -- ----- ------- -- �-
 Learning tip Finding examples Web����
!O.. "don't point your foot" I
When you learn a new expression, find examples on
the Internet. Type the expressions into an Internet Dos and Oon'ts in Thailand
... when sitting opposite someone • don't point your foot at ...

Caclled---
www.lhollond.com • 12k • Cacl1ed • Smlor _.
search engine with quotation marks("") around it. drills • ,.cquetball
Don't pc,;nt your fool in the direction ...
_,__..,,., • 121<·

1 Complete the sentences using the words and expressions in the box.

bowing having an argument kissing to take off walking around barefoot

eating to keep your voice down to cut in line to shake hands

1. In Japan, is customary when two people introduce themselves.

2. In the United States, it's polite firmly when you are introduced to a colleague.
3. In South Korea, food on the subway is considered rude.
4. In many places of worship in Asia, it's polite ______ your hat and shoes.
5. In Chile, people often say hello by each other on the cheek.
6. In Australia, ______ is acceptable at beach resorts, but not in public buildings.
7. In Taiwan, . in public is considered impolite. It's better ______
8. In Great Britain, it's considered rude ______ . You should always wait your turn.

2 Word builder Find the meaning of the words and expressions. Write a tip for each one.

blow your nose burp offer your seat to someone swear

Find a travel guide for a country you'd

like to visit. Find six things you should
or shouldn't do if you go there.

30
 , Checkpoint Units 1-3
· -�---

Q Is it polite?
A Complete the questions with the correct forms of the verbs.
1. Would you ever consider not tippin9 (not tip) a server in a restaurant?
2. Do you remember (stare) at people when you were little?
3. Do you feel it's rude (not say) hello to your neighbors?
4. Is (hold hands) OK on a first date?
5. Do you bother (bargain) with street vendors when the items are already very cheap?
6. Do you ever offer (help) people with their bags on the bus or subway?
7. Have you and a friend ever ended up (argue) in public?
8. Have you ever offended someone without (intend) (be) rude?

B Pair work Ask and answer the questions. Show that you understand your partner's answers by
summarizing what he or she says.
"I'd never consider not tipping - I used to be a server myself. ., "So you always tip the server. .,

fl Think, Bob, think!

A Complete the conversation with the correct forms of the verbs.
Officer Have you seen (see) these people before?
Bob Yes, they're my neighbors.They (live) upstairs.
Officer How long they (live) there?
Bob I guess I (know) them for six months.
They (move) here in August.
Officer When you last (see) them?
Bob Um, about a week ago, I think. Last Tuesday.
Officer What they (do) when you
_____ (see) them?
Bob Well, as I _____ (come) home, they
_____ (carry) a big suitcase to the car.
Officer _____ you (speak) to them?
Bob ______ (say), "Hi! Where you
_____ (go)?" And they (reply),
"On vacation."
Officer What time they finally (leave)?
Bob Oh, um, it was pretty late, around 11 at night, I guess.
Officer Can you remember what they (wear)?
Bob Let me think....

B Write Bob's answer to the police officer's last question. How much detail can you give?
Compare with a partner.

31
 Q Can you complete this conversation?
A Complete the conversation with the words and expressions in the box. Practice the conversation.

.I definitely don't you think now of course these this to be honest

Anna Bella used to live in Japan.You loved living there, right?

Bella Oh, definitely
, . I lived there for nine years, working
for a Japanese advertising company.
Chris Nine years? Wow! Didn't you ever get homesick?
Bella Occasionally. But, , I didn't really miss
living at home. I was too busy. I mean, I
missed my family.
Chris Oh, I bet you did. , how did you get that job?
Did they hire you over here, or ... ?
Bella Actually, I was already in Japan on an exchange program,
staying with family. And the father starts bringing
home all documents from his work to translate into English.
Anyway, I started helping him, and his company ended up hiring me.
Anna And they transferred her here. It's a cool story, _____ ?
B Pair work Choose a topic below and have a conversation.Ask and answer questions.
• something difficult you did once • a time you missed someone
• an interesting experience you had • an unusual person you once met
A Can you think of a time you missed someone?
B Yes. My mom went on a trip when I was five. I wanted to go with her.

Q As bad as that?
Pair work Compare these things using (not) as . .. as. Try to use negative questions to give
opinions or to suggest ideas.
• folk music I country music • old buildings I new buildings
• baked potatoes I fries • cheap watches I expensive watches
A Folk music isn't as popular as country music. You don't hear it as much.

a
B But don't you think it's just as good? I like folk as much as country.

Guess the dish!

A Write questions in the simple present passive, using the words below.
Then think of a traditional dish, and answer the questions.
1. eat I hot or cold 3. How I cook 5. What I serve I with
2. When I eat 4. What I make I with 6. What I call
B Pair work Take turns asking and answering the questions.
Can you guess your partner's dish before question 6?

32
 Lesson A
----- ··--·
Party time
��-• Are you going to Brad
and Gayle's party?
I think it's supposed
Well, I wasn't going to go, but to be a barbecue.
maybe I will. I'm supposed to
be studying for an exam. Are
you going? That'll be fun. Have
you heard the
weather forecast?
Yeah. The party's at their
house, right? Do you
know where they live? Yeah. I heard it's supposed
to be a really nice evening.

Not exactly. Brad was going to call

and give me the address, but he
didn't. Maybe Ellen knows.

Jen and Martin are late.

Are we supposed They were supposed to
to bring anything? pick me up at 7:00.

Gosh, it's 7:30 already. Maybe they

I don't think so. I was going
forgot. Do you want me to come and
to make some potato salad,
get you? I can take you home, too.
but I didn't have time.

Well, I bought them a

box of chocolates. Do
you think that'll be OK?

That's OK. I think the

I don't know. Isn't Brad on a diet? party's supposed to
He's not supposed to eat stuff like end at 11:00, but we
that. But Gayle will like them. can leave a bit earlier.

(l Getting started
A What do you do to get ready for a party? Tell the class.

B '4>)) 2.01 Listen. Brad and Gayle are having a party tonight, and their friends are getting ready.
What do you find out about the party?

Fifi�� C How might Brad and Gayle's friends say the things below? Replace the underlined words with
an expression each person has already used above.
1. Phil They say it's going to be really warm. 4. Anna I should be working on a paper.
2. Sue Brad shouldn't eat chocolate. 5. Patty Jen and Martin agreed to be here by 7:00.
3. Patty I have to get up early tomorrow. 6. Sue I intended to make a dessert, but I didn't.
34
 Socializing ,C•Ubi.
fl Grammar be supposed to; was I were going to '4>» 2.02

Be supposed to can mean "They say .••• " It's supposed to be a barbecue.
It's supposed to rain later.
It can also mean "have to" or "should." I'm supposed to work tomorrow.
He's not supposed to eat chocolate.
It can contrast what should happen with I'm supposed to be studying for an exam (but I'm not).
what does or will happen. I'm not supposed to stay out late (but maybe I will).
Was I Were supposed to can mean what They were supposed to come at 7:00 (but they didn't).
was expected didn't or won't happen. I wasn't supposed to go by myself (but I'll have to).
Was I Were going to has a similar meaning He was going to give us directions (but he didn't).
and can also mean "intended to." I wasn't going to go to the party (but I guess I will).

Complete the conversations with the correct form of Over 60% of uses of be supposed to
be supposed to or was I were going to and the verb. Sometimes are in the present tense. About 10%
are negative.
more than one answer is possible. Then practice in pairs.

1. A It (rain) tonight. Do you want to go see a movie?

B Yeah. I want to see that new Stephen King movie.
It (be) good. I (see) Be sure to use the correct form of
it last weekend, but I ended up going to a party instead. be supposed to.
I'm supposed to work tomorrow.
2. A Do you have plans for the weekend? I heard the (NOT f�11f'f'O�e to work tomorrow.)
weather (not I be) very good.
B Yeah. I _______ (go) to a family reunion, but I'm not really looking forward to it.
A Why not? Reunions (be) fun.
B Well, I (make) 80 cupcakes. I _______ (buy) them, but my
husband said that's cheating!

3. A What did you do last night? Did you go out?

B No. I (cook) dinner for a friend. I mean, I (not I make)
anything special, but then he called, and it turned out he (go) to soccer
practice or something, so he didn't come. So I had a TV dinner! How about you?
A Actually, I (go) to a movie, but then I decided to stay home.

8 Talk about it Weekend fun

Group work Discuss the questions about this weekend.
What's the weather supposed to be like?
Are there any events that are supposed to be fun?
Are you supposed to go anywhere or see anyone in particular?
Are you supposed to do anything that you're not looking forward to?
Is there anything you were going to do last weekend that you're going to do this weekend instead?
A What's the weather supposed to be like this weekend?
B I heard it's supposed to be nice.
35
 Q Building vocabulary and grammar
A •>)) 2.oJ Listen. Where are Luis and Rosa going? Do they want to go? Practice the conversation.

Luis Rosa, it's 6:00. We're supposed to be there by 7:00.

Weren't you supposed to get off work early today?
Rosa Well, my boss called a meeting, and I couldn't
get out of it. I had to go. Anyway, I don't get
it - why is your cousin getting married on a Friday
and not a Saturday, like everyone else?
Luis I don't know. All I know is that my mother will
never get over it if we walk in late. So we have to
get going.
Rosa OK. Uh, do you think I can get away with
wearing pants?
Luis No way! It's supposed to be a formal wedding.
Look, I got your silk dress ready for you.
Rosa Oh, I'll never get used to dressing up for these fancy
weddings. Can we try to get home early?
Luis Rosa, I get the feeling that you don't really want to go.
Rosa Well, I just hope I can get through the reception.
Luis Oh, come on. Let's just go and enjoy it. It's a chance
for you to get to know my family better. By the way, did
you get around to buying a gift?
Rosa Weren't you supposed to do that?
�°cir� B Find a get expression from the conversation above to complete each sentence below.
Are the sentences true for you? Compare with a partner.

get around to 1. I was so busy last week that I didn't {J_et around to doing my homework.
2. Sometimes I that people are annoyed with me for being late.
3. It's hard for me to finish long novels. I just can't them.
4. Why don't some people dress up for weddings? I don't
5. I'll never wearing formal clothes. They don't feel right.

6. I wish I could wearing jeans to work. They're so comfortable.

C Find six more get expressions in the conversation above. Write a sentence with each expression.
Compare your sentences with a partner.

get off - My sister gets off work early all the time. --
"' - �vocabutary,rote1>ook741-

Figure
it out D Circle the correct choice to complete the questions. Use the conversation to help you.

1. Will Luis's mother get over it I get it over if they're late?

2. Rosa had to attend a meeting at work. Why couldn't she get out of it I get it out of ?
3. Can Rosa get away with wear/ wearing pants?
36
 Socializing ••W•i.
fl Grammar Inseparable phrasal verbs .. )» 2.04
With these verbs, the object always comes after the particle or preposition.
Verb+ particle+ object Verb+ particle+ preposition+ object
Weren't you supposed to get off work early? Can I get away with wearing pants?
She'll never get over feeling embarrassed. No. You can't get away with it.
I'm sure she'll get over it. Couldn't you get out of the meeting?
I hope I can get through the reception. No, I couldn't get out of it.
I know you can get through it. Did you get around to buying a gift?
No, I never got around to it.

Ab�;;� Complete the questions. Put the words in order, and use the correct form of the verbs.
Then ask and answer the questions with a partner.
1. If you weren't ready for a test, would you try to 9et out of it (of I out I it I get)?
2. Do you find it hard to ______ (the day/ through I get) without texting your friends?
3. Do you know anyone who tries to (of I get I go I out) to parties because
they are shy? Is it possible to (get I feel I over) shy?
4. Have you ever told a "white lie" to (of I get I an invitation I out)?
Did you (get I it I away I with)?
5. How do you feel about buying gifts? Does it take you a long time to
______ (to I get I choose I around) something?
6. Do you often argue with your friends? How long does it take you to
______ (over I get I an argument)?
7. Does it take you a long time to (start I to I get I around) your
homework assignments because you're on social networking sites?

8 Speaking and listening Going out

About
you A Pair work Discuss the sentences below. Which choice is most like you?

1. I'm one of those people who ...

a. gets ready at the last minute.
3. When I go out, I always ...
a. make an effort to dress up.
b. spends ages getting ready. b. try to get away with wearing jeans.

2. If I'm late for something, I usually ...

a. hurry to try to be on time.
4. If a friend cancels plans we made, ...
a. I stay home and feel disappointed.
b. take my time and arri ve late. b. I get over it and do something else instead.

B .. l)) 2.05 Listen to Paula and Roberto talk about their plans for tonight. What happens?
. .
C .. l)) 2.05 Listen again. How would Roberto complete the sentences above? Circle his choices.
About
you D Pair work What other habits do you have when you get ready or go out?
"I always say yes to invitations and then regret it and try to get out of them." "(( · Sounds right p 137

37
 (l Conversation strategy Checking your understanding
A Check (v") which statements are true for you. Tell the class.

D I love going to big parties where I don't know many people.

D I prefer going to small parties with a few friends I know well.
D I like going to parties with my co-workers or classmates.

Hugo So, there's another work party

on Friday. You're going this
time, right?
Greg I don't know. To be honest, I
hate those things.
Hugo Really? Why's that?
Greg Well, I know it's supposed to
be fun, but I'm just not very
good at all that small talk.
Hugo So parties aren't your thing,
huh?
Greg Not really. I just don't like big
groups of people. I'd rather
talk one on one, so ...
Hugo So you're not going to go?
Greg No. I'll probably try and get out
of it somehow. So, yeah. I'll
just say I have other plans.

C Notice how Hugo checks his understanding. He asks

questions In the form of statements. People often add
huh, right, or then at the end of questions like these.
Find more examples.

D 14>)) 2.01 Read more of Hugo and Greg's conversation. Change the questions to "statement
questions." Then listen and notice what they say.

Hugo So, aren't you going to show up at all? So you aren't 9oin9 to show up at all, huh?
Greg No. Those work parties aren't my thing. Do you like them? _____________
Hugo Yeah. But don't you want to network? You may get a promotion. ___________
Greg Yeah. But I'm happy in my job right now. I'm not looking for a promotion or anything.
Hugo Oh. Don't you want to work your way up in the organization? ____________
Greg Actually, um, no. Not realty. So are you pretty ambitious? _____________
Hugo I guess I am. But, the parties are fun anyway, and the people are interesting.
Greg So, do you know a lot of people in the company? ____________
38
 Socializing

8 Strategy plus so
You can use so in many ways, including:

To start a topic, often with a question

So, there's another work party on Friday.

To check your understanding

So parties aren't your thing, huh?

To pause or let the other person draw a conclusion

I'd rather talk one on one, so . . .

To close a topic
So, yeah. I'll just say I have other plans.

A Find three places where you can use so in each conversation.Change the capital
letters and add commas where necessary. Then practice with a partner.
1. A -�5�o�_ What do you think of surprise parties?
B ____ I don't know. ____ I've never had one or been to one, ____
A ____ No one has ever given you one? Do you think your friends would ever do that ____ 7
B ____ No.My friends don't do that kind of thing.
2. A ____ Have you thrown any parties in the past year?
B ____ Actually, yes. I had one last month. ____ A lot of people came.
A ____ All your friends came?
B ____ Yeah, they did. ____ It was great.
About B Pair work Ask and answer the first question in each conversation above. Give your own answers.

a Speaking naturally
you

Being sure or checking

0 J
If you are sure: So your birthday's on Friday. If you are checking: So your birthday's on Friday?

So all your friends �- So all your friends c�?

A •>» 2.oa
Listen and repeat the sentences. Notice how the intonation falls when you say something
you are sure about and rises when you're checking information.
B •>)) 2.09 Listen to four conversations. Are the speakers sure (S), or are they checking (C)? Add a
period or a question mark, and write Sor C.
1. So you go out a lo! __ 3. So you don't like parties very much __
2. So you're a real people person __ 4. So you never celebrate your birthday __
About
you C Pair work Ask and answer the questions. Check your understanding and use so where you can.
1. How often do you go to parties? 3. What do you do on Saturday nights?
2. Do you like to go out in large groups? 4. What do you usually do on your birthday?
39
 Social style

Q Reading
A What kinds of behaviors are typical of extroverts and introverts? Make two lists.
Scan the article for more ideas.

B Read the article. What does Susan Cain think our society can Writers often use these words and
expressions to say what people think
learn from introverts? Why? or say: argue, believe, contend,
explain, according to (someone).

Americans - and they regularly face discrimination

when they fail to act like their more outgoing
counterparts.
In the competitive world we live in, Cain explains,
there is pressure to stand out in a crowd. There is an
expectation that being dominant will lead to
success. As a result of this "Extrovert Ideal,"
workplaces and classrooms nowadays are often
uncomfortable for introverts, who are frequently left
'' solitude matters. And for some people, it is feeling overlooked or disrespected. Collaborative
the air they breathe." Susan Cain, author of brainstorming sessions are the norm. Talkers are
Quiet: The Power of Introverts in a World That considered smarter. Workers with strong "people
Can't Stop Talking, firmly believes this to be true. skills" are praised, and "open plan" offices are
She also believes that introverts struggle in our common. While the assumptions that extroverts
society because of the deep bias against them. She have better ideas or make better leaders are simply
says that "our most important institutions, our not true, introverts' valuable contributions are
schools and our workplaces, they are designed nevertheless likely to go unnoticed.
mostly for extroverts, and for extroverts' need for
Furthermore, Cain contends that workplace
lots of stimulation."
innovation and productivity suffer when extroverts
According to Cain, introverts are sensitive to are valued more than introverts. In fact, research
overstimulation and tend to enjoy quiet, indicates that brainstorming in groups results in
contemplative environments. They think before lower quality ideas, whereas there is a strong link
they speak and are usually good listeners. In between solitude and creativity. In general, open
contrast, extroverts tend to be socially confident office plans reduce concentration, lower
and quick on their feet. productivity, and make it difficult to retain good
employees. "Our most important institutions are
Unfortunately for introverts, modern professional
designed for extroverts. We have a waste of talent,"
and academic settings are not planned with them in
says Cain.
mind. People are expected to behave like extroverts
- chatty, confident, and charismatic. Cain Ultimately, Cain believes our society can learn a
emphasizes that this proves difficult for those who great deal from introverts. "It's a very powerful
identify as introverts - nearly half of all thing to be quiet and collect your thoughts."

C Can you find words or expressions in the article that mean these things? Underline them.

1. too much activity 4. charming and attractive 7. bossy or pushy

2. thoughtful 5. prejudice 8. says or argues
3. on the other hand 6. look or be different 9. keep (staff)
40
 Socializing
D Read the article again. Complete the sentences below with the correct information. Choose a orb.

1. Companies encourage their workers to be _b_.

a. introverts b. extroverts
2. Cain believes extroverts are __ .
a. not valued enough b. valued too highly
3. Self-assured people are more likely to be __ .
a. introverts b. extroverts
4. The "Extrovert Ideal" means that introverts __ .
a. get fired b. feel ignored
5. In open office plans, employees are more likely to __ .
a. leave the company b. work harder
6. Cain believes that extrovert behavior leads to __ performance in the workplace.
a. better b. worse

fl Listening and writing Extrovert or introvert?

About
you A Pair work Take the magazine quiz. Then discuss your answers with a partner. Are you the same?

ANSWERS

Do you prefer to ...

O I- a. go out and socialize? 1- b. see friends at home? 0 a b a b
6 O: a. have lots of friends? o: b. have just a few close friends? 6 a b a b
e w a. go out in a big group? w b. go out with one or two friends? e a b a b
O > a. be the center of attention? > b. keep a low profile? 0 a b a b
0 O a. tell jokes and stories? O b. listen as other people tell jokes? 0 a b a b
0 I- a. engage in chitchat? o: b. have more serious conversations? 0 a b a b
I- .
8 x a. do tasks with others? b. figure things out alone.? 8 a b a b
Z
0 w a. think of yourself as a "social animal"? _ b. think of yourself as an individual? 0 a b a b

B �>)) 2.10 Listen to Jessica talk about her social life. How would she answer the quiz?
Circle her answers.

C Read the extract below and the Help note. Circle the examples of as. What do they mean?

Uses ofos
as= being
As an extrovert, I Jove to socialize.I can't even imagine myself as= because
as an introvert. My friends say I am a real party person, and as= while
I think parties are a great way to make new friends. during the time when
I enjoy going out to new places as I love to meet new people.
I hardly ever invite my friends to my home as I share an
apartment with someone who is an introvert.
I get excited as the weekend gets closer. I enjoy ...

About
you D Write a short article about your social style. Are you an introvert, an extrovert,
or a little of both? Use as in your article.
E Read your classmates' articles. How many introverts are in your class?
How many extroverts? 'Free talk p 131

41
--------------- -- - -
 Learning tip Expressions in context Get into it!

When you learn a new expression, write an example sentence that These are the top 10 particles
and prepositions after get:
uses it in context. Think of something you might want to say, and
1. out 6.up
add ideas that set the scene or help you remember its meaning. 2. into 7. on
3. in 8. away
4. to 9. off
1 Complete the sentences using a get expression from the box. 5. back 10. down

get away with it get it get out of it get to know

get going get off get over it get used to

1. I'm late. I'd better ______ 5. I'll never wearing a suit to work.
2. I love meeting new people. I think it's a lot of 6. I don't understand why some people stay home
fun to people. all the time. I just don't ______
3. Weekends seem so short. I wish I could 7. I was going to go to my class reunion. But I've
______ work early every Friday. decided to try and ______
4. You're not supposed to go into clubs under 8. When I failed the exam, I thought I would never
the age of 18, but I know some kids manage to ______ , but actually, I'm enjoying
taking this class again.

2 Word builder Find out the meaning of the get expressions in the sentences below. Then write
another sentence before each one that provides a context for the expression.
1. --------------- She gets on my nerves.
2. _________ ______ I just need to get away from it all so I can relax.
3. --------------- Maybe there's a way to get around that problem.
4. _______________ I don't want to get behind on my payments.

Get a flip pad. Make different sections for common verbs like get, go,
do, and have. Write as many expressions as you can for each verb.

42
 Rules and regulations

The Age of In many countries, the law permits you to engage in new
activities at the age of 18. We asked people what they
MAJORITY think about 18 as the "age of majority."

When you turn 18, you can go see an You can get your Do you think you should be allowed to
.. R-rated" movie - a movie that's restricted own credit card at vote at 18?
to adults. What do you think about that? the age of 18. Is "I guess. I mean. you can do everything
"What do I think? Well, I think the law ought this too young? else at 18. Why not
to be changed - 18 is too "I don't think so. I vote? It's too bad more
young. Actually, I think mean, young people young people don't
R-rated movies should be have to be given vote, though. I think
banned altogether. their freedom at everyone should be
They're far too violent." some point. You made to vote."
know, they ought to

--������������----_,,..
- Bill Hughes - Aiko Nakano
be encouraged to
manage their. own The legal age for most things is 18, but
Do you think you should be able to get finances and things. in many places you can drive at 16. ls
married before you're 18? They can always that a good idea, do you think?
"No way. In fact, you shouldn't be allowed to learn from their "I must say I've always thought 16 is too
get married until you're at least 21 or even mistakes." young. Too many teenagers get involved in
- Jared Blake traffic accidents, and something really must
older. Then there might be fewer divorces.
Actually, I think a law be done about it. The
should be passed that legal age for driving
says if you want to get could easily be changed
married, you have to take to 18 or 21 or
marriage classes first!" something like that."
- Maya Diaz - Pat Johnson

Q Getting started
A At what age can you do the following things in your country?

drive a car get a part-time job see a violent movie

get a credit card get married vote in an election

B '4>» 2.11 Listen to the interviews above. What five things do the people talk about?
Do they think 18 is the right age to start doing these things?
Figure
it out c How do the people above say these things? Find the sentences in the article, and underline them.
Do you agree with these views? Discuss with a partner.
1. They should ban R-rated movies.
2. They shouldn't allow you to get married until you're 21.
3. You have to give young people their freedom at some point.
4. They could easily change the legal age for driving to 18.
5. They ought to encourage young people to manage their own finances.
44
 Law and order

fl Grammar The passive of modal verbs�>» 2.12 EXtfa'pl'actTce�l�

The passive of modal verbs for the present is modal verb + be + past participle.
R-rated movies should be banned. The legal age could easily be changed.
You shouldn't be allowed to marry at 18. Something must be done about it.
They have to be given their freedom. The law ought to be changed.
1�_-...ij,···iii· ii·..�---
A Rewrite these comments about different laws. Start with the Must means "have to" in 10% of its
uses. In this meaning, it is often used
words given.
in expressions like I must admit and
1. They should ban plastic shopping bags. I must say.

Plastic shopping bags should be banned. 90% of the uses of must are for
speculation:
2. They ought to stop employers from reading employees' personal
Things must be hard for couples
email. Employers ... who marry young.
3. They have to do something about all the litter on the buses
and in subways. Something ...
4. They shouldn't allow people to eat food on public transportation. People ...
5. They ought to fine people for making noise after midnight. People ...
6. They really must do something about speeding on freeways. Something ...
7. They shouldn't make movies with violent scenes. Movies with ...
8. They could encourage people to stop smoking if there were more anti-smoking laws. People . ..
9. They have to do something about people who download music illegally. Something ...
10. They shouldn't allow children to quit school until they are 18. Children ...

About
you B Pair work Discuss the sentences above. Which do you agree with?
A Well, I agree that plastic bags should be banned - especially in supermarkets.
B Yeah. They could easily be replaced with paper bags or something like that.

@l Speaking naturally Saying conversational expressions

I mean, you can do everything else at 18. Why not vote? You know what I mean?
You know, they ought to be encouraged to manage their own finances and things.
The legal age for driving could easily be changed to 18 or 21 or something like that.

A �>)) z.13 Listen and repeat the sentences above. Notice how the expressions in bold are
said more quickly, even when the speaker is speaking slowly.
About
you B Group work Discuss the questions in the interviews on page 44. Use the conversational
expressions above.Then decide on ...
• three laws that should be passed.
• three things that people should be encouraged to do.
• three things people ought to be allowed to do.
"You know, something should be done about movie ratings. They ought to be made strider.
You know what I meanr

45
..-·-···
....
Lesson B
·-----·· ···-·--··-·- ·�·�.
Crime and punishment

Q Building vocabulary and grammar

A '4))) 2.14 Read the questions and answers on the website below. What questions are the people
answering? Number the questions 1 to 8. Then listen and check.
·. .
http://www.questions ... �··

Ask What punishment best fits the crime?

[]] Q: What's the right penalty for D Q: Should they arrest drivers
D Q: What should happen to

D o
jaywalking? who get caught speeding? someone who is convicted of
burglary?

D
Q: How should vandals be Q: What punishment should

o
punished? you get for robbing someone?
Q: Should all murderers be

D Q: What kind of sentence should

you get for kidnapping?
Q: What should happen if you get
caught shoplifting from a store?
sentenced to life in prison?

G) I think shoplifters @That depends. If you @ Well, vandalism can be © You don't usually get
should be fined at first, but commit armed robbery, serious, so they should pay arrested for speeding unless
if they get caught stealing you know, use a gun or for any damage. And you cause an accident, and
again and again, they should a knife, you should be sent vandals should be made to that seems fair. But if you get
go to jail. to prison. clean up any graffiti they stopped a lot, you should lose
paint. your license.
@ I don't know. Some @ Kidnappers should go 0 Breaking into @ A fine, maybe? I know
people get sentenced to to prison for a long time. I someone's home is serious. it's against the law to just
only 10 or 15 years for mean, taking someone But first-time burglars cross the street anywhere,
murder. Killing another captive is a very serious should just be put on but it's a relatively minor
person is the worst crime, offense. probation. offense. And the law doesn't
but it's a complex issue. get enforced much.

Word
sort B Make word webs like these. Add other words you know, and compare with a partner.
Then discuss the crimes and say what punishments are appropriate..
murder enforce a law
Criminals ( Punishments )
' "8
---
having a gun without a license shoplifter get fined

"Having a gun without a license is a crime." ., ·vocabotary·notebook"p:"s2-

Figure
,tout C Circle the correct words to complete the sentences. Use the article to help you.
Are the sentences true in your country? Discuss with a partner.
1. Murderers usually get sentenced I sentencing to life in prison.
2. Burglars who get catch I caught are never sent to prison.
3. If you are caught shoplift I shoplifting, you usually get arrest I arrested.
46
 Law and order ·!i�iilfll
fl Grammar get passive vs. be passive .. >>) 2.1s

The passive is usually formed with be, but sometimes you can use get.
People who speed don't usually get arrested. Notice: Use catch(+ person)+ verb+ -ing.
Some murderers get sentenced to only 10 years. What happens if they catch you shoplifting?
After should, the be passive is more common. What happens if you get caught shoplifting?
People who speed should be arrested if they cause an
accident.
Some.murderers should be sentenced to life in prison. People use the get passive much more
frequently in speaking than in writing.

A Complete the comments about law enforcement. Use the get passive or be passive
with the verb given, and use the correct form of the verb after catch.
1. People who hack into computers should be punished (punish) more severely. I mean,
cyber crime is really serious.
2. Careless drivers hardly ever (stop) by the police. The laws against speeding
and other driving offenses should (enforce) more strictly.
3. Lots of executives (catch I steal) from their companies, and they often
______ (send) to prison for a long time. White-collar crime is a big problem.
4. When vandals _ (arrest), they shouldn't (punish) so severely.
I mean, they should just (sentence) to a month of community service.
5. More people (catch I shoplift) these days because of all the cameras they have
in stores. But most shoppers are honest, and they really shouldn't (record).
6. A big problem is that most criminals never (catch), and the ones that
______ (arrest) often (not convict).
8 Pair work Discuss the opinions above. Do you agree?

a
About
you Remember to include get in
get passives.

Listening We got robbed!

Shoplifters often get fined.
(NOT Shof'lifte,� o(te11 fj11ed.)

A .. >» 2.16 Listen to Jenny talk about a burglary. Answer the questions.
1. When did the burglary happen? 3. What was stolen?
2. Who discovered it and how? 4. Did the burglars get caught?
B .. >» 2.16 Listen again. How does Jenny feel about the burglary?
Check (.I') the sentences that are true.
D She never expected it to happen.
D She thinks it was inconvenient.
D She was scared.
D She thinks it was funny.
D She was upset.
D She felt disappointed with the burglars' punishment.
C Pair work Discuss the burglars' punishment in Jenny's case and the
questions in Exercise 1A on page 46. What punishments are
appropriate?
"Well, in Jenny's case, I don't think the punishment was severe enough. I mean, if burglars
get caught, then they should be sentenced to at least two years in prison."
47
 First of all, ...

Q Conversation strategy Organizing your views

A Where do you often see security cameras? Make a list. Do you think they're a deterrent?
If so, what against? Or are they intrusive and an invasion of privacy?

B �1» 2.11 Listen. What do Adam and Selina

think about security cameras on buses? Adam Did you hear they have cameras on all
the buses now?
Selina Yeah.They should be put in all public
places.
Adam So, you're in favor of them?
Selina Oh yeah. For a couple of reasons. I
mean, first of all, they're a good
deterrent - people know they'll get
caught if they cause trouble or
whatever. And second, they make sure
people pay.
Adam Yeah ...that's true.
Selina And another thing is, for the
drivers - especially late at night. I
mean, basically, it's safer for them.
Adam Well, you've got a point there. But on
the other hand, don't you think all these
cameras are a little intrusive? The thing
is, it's like an invasion of privacy -
someone watching you all the time.
Selina I must admit, I never really thought
of it that way.

C Notice how
SeUna and Adam
organize what they
say by using
expressions Uke
these. Find the
ones they use.

D Pair work Have a conversation about security cameras. Use these ideas or your own, and organize
what you say. Take turns arguing for and against.
For security cameras Against security cameras
They help the police solve crimes. They're intrusive, and an invasion of privacy.
They make people feel safer. They're expensive. They're a waste of money.
They're a deterrent. They give people a false sense of security.
A Do you think there should be security cameras everywhere?
B Well, basically I think it's a good idea to have them. I mean, for a couple of reasons. Rrst, . . .
48
 Law and order ,M.ij§jjl.
fl Strategy plus That's a good point.
You can use That•s a good point and other
expressions like these to show someone
has a vaUd argument - even If you don't
completely agree:
That's true.
You've got a point (there).
I never (really) thought of it that way.

That's true is the second most

A Respond to each comment. Use an expression above and common expression with That's,
add a different view. after That's right.

1. I think metal detectors should be used in all public buildings. It'd be safer.
You've got a point but we shouldn't be made to go through one in every building.
2. If kids get caught skipping school without permission, then their parents
should be fined.
3. More police should be put on the streets. That would help reduce crime.
4. Cameras should be installed in cars that teenagers drive. It could prevent
accidents.
5. I think kids as young as 12 or 13 should be held responsible for their crimes.

a Listening and strategies

B Pair work Take turns presenting the views above. Continue your arguments.

Different points of view

A .. >» 2.11 Listen to the class debate. Answer the questions.

1. Which of these topics is the class discussing? Check (.I) the topic.
O Raising the age limit to get married O Banning cars from city areas
O Sending dangerous drivers to prison O Raising the legal age for driving
2. What two arguments are given in favor of changing the law and against it? Take notes.
About
you B .. )» 2.19 Listen to five opinions from the debate again. Prepare a response to each point of view.
Use an expression from the box, and add your own opinion.
1. r Useful expressio-ris
2. That's a good point, but ...
Absolutely! I agree with that.
3. Maybe, but on the other hand, ...
4. That's a good idea.
I'm not sure about that for two reasons.
5.

About
you c Group work Discuss the topics in part A above. Organize your views, and remember to show that
your classmates have valid arguments. Do you share the same views?
"/ think the age limit to get married should be raised for two reasons. First of all, ... "

1C · Sounds right p ns

49
 Your right to privacy

(l Reading
A What kind of privacy issues do people worry about? Make a list. Do you worry about them, too?

B Read the article. What types of information does it mention?

Articles sometimes describe
Which of the ideas you discussed above does it include? the background to a problem

;::::============ =======:;:;;;;;;;;;:;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;.;;;;;.;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;.;.;;:::;:=:::;::;:::::t.
and then list a set of problems
and possi b I e so Iuti on s.
http://www.smartphoneprivacy...

Gone are the days when a cell phone just made calls. We statement. If it collects information that it doesn't really
use our smartphones to text, take and post photos online, need, you probably shouldn't download it.
access email and social networks, get directions, check Third, think twice before you use the Wi-Fi in a
prices in stores, find nearby restaurants, and even find coffeehouse as there's always a chance that someone will
nearby friends. However, the risks smartphones pose can be use illegal "malware" to spy on your private data, such as
underestimated. The truth is that smartphones are a bit too your bank account details. To avoid getting hacked, don't
smart when it comes to gathering and sharing our personal use public Wi-Fi to access sensitive personal information.
information, such as location, contacts, messages, photos,
Finally, think about what would happen if your phone
and even financial data. Obviously, laws can be passed to
got stolen. Unless you have good password protection,
protect us against invasions of privacy, but lawmakers
your personal and financial data could be
simply haven't kept up with changes in technology. Why
accessed immediately. Choose a password that
should anyone be concerned?
can't easily be guessed. Also, don't Let your
First of all, smartphone service providers typically save smartphone remember your other passwords.
information about who you call, what messages you Have every website request your password each
send, where you are, and much more. They often share time you access it. In addition, you can use
this information with third parties, such as marketers programs that allow you to erase all the data
who want to know your location, friends, and personal from your phone if it's lost or stolen. Ask your
tastes. Ask your provider how to "opt out" of this part service provider for information.
of your contract. Also, if you don't want your phone to Laws may need to be passed to ensure
keep track of your location, turn off this feature. smartphone privacy, but in
Second, your smartphone apps may be quietly collecting the meantime, it's up to
your private data. Perhaps this shouldn't be allowed, but you to "outsmart" your
it is. So before you download a new app, read the privacy smartphone.

c Find expressions in the article to complete these sentences.

1. You usually need to type in a password in order to access your email.

2. The risks of smartphones are often . People think they're safer than they actually are.
3. It's worrisome that apps collect private information without your permission.
You should be ______
4. The company that you pay for your phone service is called your ______
5. Sometimes you can ______ of certain parts of your phone contract-you can choose not to
accept them.
6. Many apps know where you are as you move from place to place - they ______ of your location.
7. Criminals sometimes use , or malicious software, to access your financial data.
8. If you use Wi-Fi in a coffeehouse, your computer could get by a criminal.
9. You need to your smartphone -and be smarter than your phone is.

50
 Law and order ,Ci1M&•
D Read the article again and answer these questions.

1. Why are there so few laws against the invasion of privacy through smartphones?
2. What should you do in order to keep your location private?
3. Why do you think third parties want to know your location and personal tastes?
4. What should you do before you download a new app?
5. What two pieces of advice does the article give about passwords?
6. What else do you know about protecting your privacy?

fl Speaking and writing Posting a comment on a web article

About
you A Pair work Answer the questions about the article on page 50. Take notes on your answers.
Then discuss the questions with a partner.

1. What did you think of the article? Did you find the information relevant and helpful?
2. Are you concerned about all the personal information that is collected by smartphones?
3. Have you ever had a problem because personal information was shared by a service provider or app?
4. Do you know anyone who has gotten hacked by a criminal with malware?
5. What should be done about the invasion of privacy through smartphones?

B Read the comment below and the Help note. Underline the clauses that give reasons.

Giving reasons
You can use because, since, and
Worried about smartphone privacy as to give reasons.
I found this article very relevant because it gives You can use because in all
helpful suggestions for protecting personal information. cases.
I also found it worrisome as it seems there aren't I found this article very relevant
Olivia95 enough laws against the invasion of privacy. because it gives . . .
I haven't had any problems with my smartphone Use since only to give reasons
because I am very careful about how I use it. A friend the reader already knows or
of mine, however, received a lot of annoying spam Can guess.
because she downloaded an app for shopping discounts. We need more laws to protect
Another friend got hacked when he used the Wi-Fi in a our privacy since everyone now
coffeehouse to check his bank account. has a smartphone.
We need more laws to protect our privacy since As is more formal.
everyone now has a smartphone. A commission of I also found it worrisome as it
experts should be created to propose new Laws, and the seems there aren't enough
Laws should be passed quickly. Also, service providers laws ...
should be required to give users clear instructions on
how to protect their personal information as it's
· difficult to know how to do this.

C Use the notes you took in Exercise A to write a comment on the article on page 50. Give reasons for
your comments.

D Group work Read your classmates' comments. Which do you agree with? Are there any ideas that
··
you don't agree with? Discuss.
rrree talk, p. 130

51
 \- Vocabulary noteboof<
------------ It's a crime!

Learning tip Word charts Get paid, not fired!

One way to write down new words is to use word charts. You The top si}(.get passive verbs
are:
can group related ideas together, which will help you learn
1. get paid 4. get killed
and remember them. 2. get caught 5. get elected
3. get hurt 6. get fired

1 Complete the word chart about crime using the words and expressions in the box.

burglar murderer steals from stores paints on public buildings

murder shoplifting vandalism breaks into a building to steal

Crime Criminal Activity

burglary
vandal
kills or murders people
shoplifter

2 Word builder Find out the meaning of the words below. Then make and
complete a chart like the one above, adding more words and definitions.

arson blackmail hijacking joyriding mugging

Look through an English-language newspaper, and

highlight all the words that are connected with crime
and law. How many of them do you already know?

52
When you have the
strange feeling that you
have been somewhere
or experienced
something before, you
are having

2
 Lesson A
--·-·---------······,.
Coincidences

"Oh, yeah, I think life is full of coincidences. "Actually. yeah. One thing that sticks in my mind
I remember one time -I had just met my is ... years ago, I was out in the Australian
husband-to-be. and we hadn't known each other outback, driving through the desert. One night, I
long. Well, he was showing me photoo of an old had set up camp and was cooking, and this van
friend that he hadn't seen or spoken to in years, a appeared out of nowhera with two guys in it. It was
college friend who'd moved to Spain, nice to have company because I
Gerry. Anyway. there we were, hadn't spoken to anyone in days -
looking at these photoo, when the I'd gone on this trip by myself, you
phone rang, and -you'll never see. Well, it turned out one of them
believe it -it was his friend Gerry! had graduated from the same
He just called out of the blue.'' college I did. Small world, huh?"

(l Getting started
A What kinds of coincidences happen to people? Make a list.

B '4>» 2.20 Listen. What coincidences did Emma and Glen experience? Were they on your list?

Flf��� C Complete the answers. Use the anecdotes above to help you.
1. What did Emma find out about Gerry? He to Spain years ago.
2. Were Emma's husband and Gerry close? Yes, but they to each other in years.
3. Why was Glen alone? Because he on the trip by himself.
4. Why was Glen happy to have company? Because he to anyone in days.
54
 Strange events i•@••·•
fl Grammar The past perfect .l)) 2.21

Use the past perfect to talk about things that happened before an event in the past.
I had set up camp and was cooking, and this van appeared out of nowhere.
I had just met my husband-to-be, and he was showing me photos ...when the phone rang.
The past perfect is often used to give explanations or reasons why things happened.
It was nice to have company because I hadn't spoken to anyone in days.
Gerry was a college friend that he hadn't seen in years. He'd moved to Spain.
Questions and short answers in the past perfect
Had you gone by yourself? Had they been in touch? Where had he moved to?
Yes, I had. No, they hadn't. To Spain.

A Complete the stories with either the simple past or past perfect. Sometimes both are possible.
Then practice with a partner.
1. A Have you ever been talking about someone and then they got in touch with you?
B Yeah. In fact, last week I was talking about a friend who I (not speak) to
in a long time. I think he (change) his cell phone and he ______
(not give) me the number. Anyway, he (text) me out of the blue because
he (run into) my brother at a restaurant, and they were talking about me.
So he (decide) to get in touch. It (be) great to hear from him.

2. A Have you ever been thinking about someone and then you've run into them?
B Not really, but I experienced another coincidence recently. I (go) to the post
office because we (get) someone else's mail. It (happen) before,
three or four times. So anyway, I was waiting in line, and I (start) talking to this
guy who (come) in right after me. He was there because he ______
(not/ receive) some of his mail. So I (ask), "You don't know a Mr. Ling, do you?"
And he said, "Yeah, that's me." I couldn't believe it! I (have) his mail!

3. A Have you ever met anyone with the same birthday as you?
B Actually, on my last birthday, my friend (decide) to take me to this restaurant
that she (go) to with some friends. I (hear) about it, but
______ (not I have) a chance to go there. Anyway, we (show) up at the
restaurant, and my co-worker was there, celebrating her birthday, too.
About
you B Pair work Ask and answer the questions above. Tell your own stories.

8 Listening It's a small world!

A •l» 2.22 Listen to Elena tell a friend about a coincidence. Answer
the questions.
1. Why had Elena joined an online chess forum?
2. What does she think about her on line chess partner?
3. How had Elena and Derek met?
4. What did Elena discover about Derek? How did she find out?
5. What does Elena say about coincidences?
B Pair work Take turns retelling Elena's story. How many details can you remember?
55
 Lesson B
..,.__.____._.,._.
Superstitions

Q Building vocabulary
A Read the superstitions. How many do you know? Do you have similar ones in your country?

TAIWAN If you see a crow in the morning,

you will have a bad day. &. SOUTH KOREA If you give a friend a pair
of shoes, he or she will leave you.
�
JAPAN It's lucky to find a tea leaf floating upright ARGENTINA Pick up any coins you find,
in a cup of green tea. and you'll soon come into money.

THAii.AMi> Dream of a snake holding you tightly, PERU If you put clothes on inside out, you will
and you will soon meet your soul mate. get a nice surprise.

BRAZIL If you leave your purse on the floor, MEXICO If a bride wears pearls, she
your money will disappear. will cry all her married life.

VENEZUELA If someone sweeps ove TURKEY Your wish will come true if you stand
an unmarried woman's feet with a ./,. between two people with the same name.
broom, she'll never get married.

��r� B Complete the chart with the superstitions above. Add ideas. Then compare with a partner.

It's good luck to ... It's bad luck to ...

find a green tea leaf floating upright. leave your purse on the floor.

fl Speaking and listening Lucky or not?

" -
�
Vocabulary notebool<p.62-

A Do you know any superstitions about the things below? Tell the class.

o_ o_ o_ o_
B '4>» 2.23 Listen to four people talk about superstitions. Number the pictures above 1 to 4.
Is each superstition lucky (l) or unlucky (U)? Write Lor U.
C '4>» 2.23 Listen again. Write down each superstition. Then compare with a partner.

56