Ipaml Finals

IPAML FINALS
Definitions:
 Ethics - Greek word ethos, referring to character and individual behaviour.
 Morals - Concerned with character, or right and wrong, or goodness and badness.
 Management Ethics - refers to the principles, values, and standards of conduct that
guide the decision-making and behavior of managers in organizations.
 Ethical Management - is critical to the success of organizations as it promotes good
governance, enhances organizational reputation, and fosters trust and loyalty among
stakeholders.
Key Aspects of Management Ethics:

 Ethical Leadership: Managers should set a positive example and promote ethical
behavior throughout the organization. They should lead with integrity, honesty, and
transparency.
 Fair Treatment: Managers should treat all employees fairly and equitably, ensuring
equal opportunities, non-discrimination, and respect for individual rights.
 Stakeholder Orientation: Managers should consider the interests of all stakeholders,
not just shareholders, and make decisions that benefit the broader society while
maintaining the organization's sustainability.
 Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR): Managers should actively engage in
activities that contribute to the well-being of society and minimize the negative impact
of the organization's operations on the environment.
 Ethical Decision-Making: Managers should evaluate ethical dilemmas and make
decisions based on moral principles, considering the potential consequences and the
ethical implications for all stakeholders involved.
 Ethical Communication: Managers should foster a culture of open and honest
communication, ensuring that information is shared transparently and accurately within
the organization.
 Compliance and Accountability: Managers should ensure compliance with applicable
laws, regulations, and ethical standards. They should also be accountable for their
actions and take responsibility for any mistakes or unethical behavior.
5 Ps of Ethical Management
1. Purpose - refers to the reason why an organization exists and the goals it seeks to
achieve. Ethical management requires that managers align their decisions and actions
with the organization's purpose and goals. They must ensure that their decisions and
actions are consistent with the organization's values and mission.
2. Pride - refers to the sense of satisfaction and fulfillment that managers derive from
ethical behavior and decision-making. Ethical managers take pride in their ability to
make decisions that align with their values and the organization's values. Ethical
behavior enhances the manager's sense of self-worth and fosters a positive
organizational culture.
3. Patience - refers to the ability of managers to take the long-term view and to be patient
in pursuing ethical goals. Ethical management requires patience in the face of
challenges, setbacks, and opposition.
4. Persistence - refers to the ability of managers to persevere in the pursuit of ethical
goals. Ethical management requires persistence in the face of resistance, obstacles, and
adversity. Ethical managers must be willing to stand up for their values and principles,
even if it means going against the prevailing norms or interests.
5. Perspective - refers to the ability of managers to see the broader context and
implications of their decisions and actions. Ethical management requires perspective in
the sense that managers must consider the interests and welfare of all stakeholders,
including those who are not directly affected by their decisions. Ethical managers must
also consider the long-term consequences of their decisions and actions on the
organization and society at large.
Pharmacy Regulation
Code of Ethics for Pharmacists
Preamble
Pharmacists are health professionals who help individuals protect themselves against diseases,
maintain good health and make the best use of their medications. The pharmacists promote
rational use of drugs and ensure the provision of safe, effective, and quality drugs for improved
patient care and quality of life. This Code, prepared and supported by pharmacists, is intended
to state publicly the principles that form the fundamental basis of their roles and
responsibilities, which are based on moral obligations and virtues, and to guide pharmacists in
their relationship with patients, health professionals, and society.
Where:
 A pharmacist places the well-being of the patient at the center of professional practice.
 A pharmacist promotes the welfare of each individual in a caring and compassionate
manner.
 A pharmacist serves the needs of the individual, community and society and provides
health for all.
 A pharmacist respects the rights of patients and upholds confidentiality of patients’
records.
 A pharmacist acts with honesty, integrity and professionalism in relationship with the
patients and other health professionals.
 A pharmacist respects the abilities, values and contributions of colleagues and other
health professionals and work with them closely to ensure better patient care.
 A pharmacist is committed to continuously enhance professional competence.
 A pharmacist, in coordination with the government and other health professionals helps
in the formulation and implementation of health care policies, standards and programs
designed for the benefit of society.
SOP Writing
What is an OSP?
The simple definition provided by IBM for Standard Operating Procedures is:
“Instructions describing the steps and activities of a process or procedure.”
Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) are written instructions that describe how to perform
a task or process. SOPs are an essential part of pharmacy operations as they ensure that all
activities are performed consistently, accurately, and efficiently.
 It aims to increase efficiency and deliver consistent outcomes while also ensuring
compliance with operational practices.
 A kind of documentation that prevents stress, mistakes, and miscommunication.
 SOPs ensure reliability, efficiency, and consistently hitting quality standards in regular
work activities.
Regulatory Requirements in Pharmacy Operations
Pharmacy operations are governed by a range of regulatory requirements, including federal,
state, and local laws and regulations.
Some of the key regulatory requirements in pharmacy operations are:
 The Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) regulations: These regulations
govern the dispensing and storage of controlled substances.
 The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulations: These regulations
govern the manufacturing, distribution, and labelling of drugs and medical devices.
 The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)
regulations: These regulations govern the privacy and security of patient health
information.
 The Joint Commission Standards: These standards govern the quality and safety
of patient care in healthcare facilities.
SOPs for Managerial Function:

1. Inventory Management SOP:
Objective: To ensure the accurate and timely management of pharmacy inventory.
Procedure:
 All incoming inventory will be logged into the pharmacy inventory management
system.
 The inventory management system will be regularly updated to reflect changes in
inventory levels.
 The pharmacy will conduct regular inventory audits to ensure the accuracy of
inventory levels.
 The pharmacy will establish reorder points to ensure timely restocking of inventory.
 The pharmacy will establish procedures for the disposal of expired or damaged
inventory.
2. Medication Dispensing SOP:
Objective: To ensure the accurate and safe dispensing of medications.
Procedure:
 Pharmacists will conduct a medication review to ensure the accuracy of the
prescription and that it is appropriate for the patient.
 The dispensing pharmacist will verify the medication, strength, and dosage form.
 The dispensing pharmacist will label the medication container with the appropriate
information.
 The dispensing pharmacist will counsel the patient on the proper use of the
medication.
3. Prescription Filling SOP:
Objective: To ensure the accurate and timely filling of prescriptions.
Procedure:
 The prescription will be entered into the pharmacy computer system.
 The prescription will be reviewed for accuracy and appropriateness by a pharmacist.
 The medication will be dispensed and labelled by the pharmacy technician.
 The prescription will be verified by a pharmacist before it is released to the patient.
Implementation Strategy
The implementation of SOPs requires a structured approach to ensure success.
Here are some strategies to consider when implementing SOPs:
 Communication: It is important to communicate the need for SOPs to all employees
and to provide training on the SOPs.
 Accountability: Establish accountability for the implementation and adherence to
SOPs by clearly defining roles and responsibilities.
 Monitoring: Regularly monitor adherence to SOPs and provide feedback to
employees.
 Continuous Improvement: Continuously review and update SOPs to ensure that they
are effective and relevant.
SOP Writing
In conclusion, SOPs are an essential part of pharmacy operations as they ensure that activities
are performed consistently, accurately, and efficiently. Regulatory requirements in pharmacy
operations include federal, state, and local laws and regulations. The implementation of SOPs
requires a structured approach that includes communication, accountability, monitoring, and
continuous improvement. By implementing SOPs, pharmacies can ensure the quality and
safety of patient care.

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IPAML FINALS

Key Aspects of Management Ethics:

SOPs for Managerial Function:

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