Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
National Capital Region
DIVISION OF CITY SCHOOLS – MANILA
Manila Education Center Arroceros Forest Park

GENERAL BIOLOGY 1
CELL MEMBRANE BE LIKE
YOU SHALL NOT PASS!!!

The Cell Membrane Structure

Retrieved from https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/298996862746299071/ 8/11/2020

SUPPLEMENTARY LEARNING MATERIAL (SLeM)

Quarter 1 Week 5 Module

HOW TO USE THIS MODULE
Before you start answering the module, I want you to set aside other tasks that
will disturb you while enjoying the lessons. Read the simple instructions below to
successfully enjoy the objectives of this kit. Have fun!
1. Follow carefully all the contents and instructions indicated in every page of this
module.
2. Write on your notebook or any writing pad the concepts about the lessons.
Writing enhances learning, that is important to develop and keep in mind.
3. Perform all the provided activities in the module.
4. Let your facilitator/guardian assess your answers.
5. Analyze conceptually the posttest and apply what you have learned.
6. Enjoy studying!

PP Parts of the Module

• Expectations - These are what you will be able to know after completing the
lessons in the module.
• Pre-test - This will measure your prior knowledge and the concepts to be
mastered throughout the lesson.
• Looking Back - This section will measure what learnings and skills that you
understand from the previous lesson.
• Brief Introduction- This section will give you an overview of the lesson.
• Activities - These are activities designed to develop critical thinking and other
competencies. This can be done with or without a partner depending on the
nature of the activity.
• Remember - This section summarizes the concepts and applications of the
lessons.
• Checking your Understanding - It will verify how you learned from the lesson.
• Post-test - This will measure how much you have learned from the entire
module.

Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELCs)

1. Describe the structural components of the cell membrane
2. Relate the structure and composition of the cell membrane to its function

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General Biology 1 Quarter 1 Week 5
LESSON 1: Structural Components of the Cell Membrane
EXPECTATIONS
This Supplementary Learning Material will help you to
1. Describe the structural components of the cell membrane
2. Relate the structure and composition of the cell membrane to its function; and
3. Appreciate the importance of understanding the structure of the cell membrane in
taking good care of our body.

PRETEST
Directions: Write the letter of the correct answer that best completes the sentence
or answers the question.
1. The structure of the cell serves as the cell’s boundary from its environment is the
_______.
a. lysosomes b. cell membrane
c. chloroplast d. ribosomes
2. The function of the cell membrane is to ________________.
a. regulates the movement of materials into and out of the cell
b. keeps the cell wall in place
c. breaks down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins from foods
d. stores water, salt, proteins, and carbohydrates
3. The cell membrane contains channels and pumps that help move materials from
one side to the other these channels and pumps made of _________.
a. Nucleic acids b. lipids c. proteins d. carbohydrates
4. Substances must pass through _________, to enter or leave a cell
a. the cell membrane c. the nucleus
b. the ribosomes d. the mitochondrion
5. The ________is the theory by which the properties of the plasma membrane are
explained by S.J. Singer and G. Nicolson in 1972.
a. Cell Theory c. Molecular Theory
b. Fluid Mosaic Model d. Brownian Movement

LOOKING BACK
Visual Thinking Approach:
Different Cell Types

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General Biology 1 Quarter 1 Week 5
BRIEF INTRODUCTION
Every living cells that mold your body are made from matter. Matter (anything
that occupies space and has mass) is made up of small non-living particles called
atoms (carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur ). Atoms are seldom
found alone in nature. Usually, they join together to form larger particles called
molecules (when two or more atoms combine). Molecules are grouped to form cells.
Each cell, whether an entire organism or a small part of a larger living system,
lives in a fluid environment. An amoeba may be in a pond. A kidney cell surrounded by
blood. Wherever the cell is, it must obtain materials from the release substances into its
moist environment.

Lesson 1: The Properties and Functions of the Cell Membrane

Each cell has a boundary that separates from neighboring cells or its liquid
environment. This boundary is called the cell membrane. A typical cell membrane
ranges from 5 to 10 nanometers. The cell membrane holds the cellular contents
together and determines the shape of the cell. Along with being the structural
boundary, the cell membrane is the gate keeper of a cell. It control what passes
through them.

Membranes have a range of functions:

1. Membranes around organelles divide the cell up into different compartments
to make the different functions more efficient. Example the substances
needed for respiration (like enzymes) are kept together inside the
mitochondria.
2. Membranes controls which substance enter and leave a cell or organelle.
3. Membranes recognize specific chemical substances and other cells.

A cell draws in water, oxygen, ions, mineral salts and other nutritive elements
from its environment to remain alive,. Together it releases excess water, insoluble
particles and waste products to its surrounding medium. The cell internal environment
must be kept within limits that the cell can tolerate. Such state is called homeostasis.
As a biological membrane, it has selective permeability—it allows some
substances to enter the cell more freely than others. Water and small molecules can
easily enter the cell through the cell membrane, while large molecules and ions cannot
enter freely.

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General Biology 1 Quarter 1 Week 5
 ACTIVITY 5.1 Permeability
1. How many types of molecules are
shown in Figure 1? ___________
2. Count the numbers of pentagon and
circles found on each side of the
membrane.
Left Side: Circles: __ Pentagon: __
Right Side: Circles: __ Pentagon: _
3. Which shape is larger? _________
4. Describe the direction of the
molecules in Figure 1. __________
5. Which molecules able to pass
through the semi-permeable
membrane? ___________Explain
your answer.
Figure 1

Lesson 2: The Fluid Mosaic Model

Cell membranes have a “Fluid Mosaic’ structure. The term “fluid mosaic” was
given to the cell membrane because of the dynamic nature of the component molecules
of the membrane. The structure of all membranes is basically the same. They are
composed of lipids (mainly phospholipids),proteins and carbohydrates (usually attached
to proteins or lipids.
Mosaic: combination of phospholipids,
cholesterol, & proteins
Fluid: parts may move or shift but are kept
ordered due to hydrophobic forces
In 1972, the fluid mosaic model was
suggested to describe the arrangement of
molecules in the membrane. In the model,
phospholipid molecules form a continuous,
double layer (bilayer). This layer is “fluid”
because the phospholipids are constantly
moving. Protein molecules are scattered
through the layer, like tiles in a mosaic.
Many of the proteins seem to ‘float’ through an apparent ‘sea’ of phospholipids.
Few molecules are static.
The fluidity of the membrane is controlled by the quantity of cholesterol
molecules. These are found in between the tails of phospholipids.

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General Biology 1 Quarter 1 Week 5
 Activity 5.2 The Fluid Mosaic Model
Label the parts of the cell membrane. Use the words in the box
Phospholipid Proteins Carbohydrates Cholesterol Glycoprotein

1. __________________
2. __________________
3.___________________
4.___________________
5.___________________

Lesson 3: The Cell Membrane Molecules

Phospholipids
One common feature of the cell membrane is that it is mainly composed of
phospholipid molecules. Phospholipid consist of a glycerol molecule plus two molecules
of fatty acid and phosphate group.
The phosphate/glycerol head is hydrophilc-–it attracts water.
The fatty acid tails are hydrophobic—they repel water
In aquaeous (water-based) solutions phospholipids automatically arrange
themselves into a double layer so that the hydrophobic tails pack together inside the
layer away from the water, and the hydrophilic heads face outwards into the aqueous
solutions

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General Biology 1 Quarter 1 Week 5
Cholesterol
Cholesterol gives the membrane
more stability. Cholesterol belongs to a
group of lipids called steroids. Its present in
all cell membranes except those of bacteria.
It can make up to 25% of the lipids in animal
cell membranes but isn’t found so much in
plant membranes. Having cholesterol
molecules between phospholipid molecules
makes the membrane less fluid and more
stable.
Glycolipids and Glycoproteins
Glycolipids and glycoproteins
contain polysaccharides.Glycolipids are
lipids that have combine with
polysacchariudes. They are found in the
outer layer of the cell membrane. Their
exact role isn’t known but they may be
involve in cell recognition.
Glycoproteins are proteins with
attached polysaccharides of short,
branched chains of monosaccharides.
Glycoproteins have variety of specific
shapes due to the different branching
patterns of the monosaccharides. These allow different cells to recognise each other.
For example some glycoproteins are antigens—they recognised by white blood cells,
which starts an immune response.
Proteins in the Cell Membrane
` The cell membrane is a collection of different proteins embedded in the fluid matrix of
the lipid bilayer. Proteins determine most of the membrane’s specific functions.

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General Biology 1 Quarter 1 Week 5
 ACTIVITY 5.3 Cell Membrane Parts and Functions
Legend:

Guide Questions:
1. What two major biomolecules
constitute the majority of the cell
membrane? _________________
___________________________
2. How many types of protein molecules
are found? _________
3. When a carbohydrate chain is
attached to the to a protein, the
structure is called _____________.
4. What types of molecules are moving
across the membrane? ________
5. How does the concentration of the Retrieved from https://www.weebly.com 8/11/2020
6. molecules inside the cell compare to the outside? ___________________________

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General Biology 1 Quarter 1 Week 5
 REMEMBER
The cell surface membrane is the key structure which forms a barrier
between the cell and its environment. Nutrients, water and ions must enter and
waste molecules must leave.
Similarly important is the elimination of dangerous chemicals and inclusion
of vital cell contents. High temperatures can destroy the structure of the cell
membrane and it loses its ability to contain the cell contents.
Don’t confuse the cell membrane with the cell wall (found in plant cells).
The cell membrane controls what substances enter and leave the cell whereas
the cell wall provides structural support.

CHECKING YOUR UNDERSTANDING

Answer the following questions:
1. Give the three functions of the cell membrane
2. Which types of molecules are carbohydrate molecules usually attached to?
3. Which part of phospholipid molecule is hydrophobic?
4. Name three molecules , other than phospholipids and proteins , that are present
in animal cell membranes.
5. Draw a phospholipid bilayer and label the polar heads and the non-polar tails.
Critical Thinking
6. Why is cholesterol an important component of animal cell membranes?
7. What kinds of substances can easily pass and cannot pass through a plasma
membrane (be specific)?

O2 , CO2, H2O Steroids Hydrocarbons Alcohol Anesthetics

monosaccharides Na+ K+ H+ Ca2+, Cl- PO4 - HCO3 - H-
amino acids nucleotides biological monomers polymers

Can pass through Cannot pass through

Small(uncharged) Larged

Lipid Soluble Charged (Ions)

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General Biology 1 Quarter 1 Week 5
 POST TEST
Directions: Write the letter of the correct answer that best completes the sentence
or answers the question.
1. The average thickness of an animal cell membrane is about _________.
a. 5 nm to 10 nm c. 5 nm to 10 µm
b. 5 nm to 20 nm d. 5 nm to 10 pµm
2. Glycolipids in cell membrane typically located at _____________.
a. Inner leaflet of the cell membrane
b. Outer leaflet of the cell membrane
c. Uniformly distributed on the inner leaf and outer leaf of the cell membrane
d. Cannot be predicted, it varies according to cell type.
3. In the cell membrane, carbohydrates are ______________________
a. Always face inward to the non-polar portion of the membrane
b. Always face outward to the aqueous tissue fluid outside the cell
c. Always face to the inside space or opening of the cell membrane
d. Directed to all sides of the membrane randomly.
4. According to the fluid mosaic model of membrane structure, proteins of the
membrane are mostly _____________________
a. Spread in a continuous layer over the inner and outer surfaces of the
membrane.
b. Confined to the hydrophobic core of the membrane
c. Embedded in a lipid bilayer.
d. Unsystematically oriented in the membrane, with no fixed inside-outside
polarity.
5. All of the following are found in membranes except _________
a. Glycolipids c. Nucleic Acids
b. Glycoproteins d. Phospholipids

REFERENCES:
I. Books
Talaue Frederick T and Mañosa Susan D. (2007). Breaking Through Biology.
South Triangle, Edsa, Quezon City, Philippines: C & E Publishing , Inc.
Oram, Raymond F. (1989), Biology: Living System. Columbus, Ohio, United
States of America: Merill Publishing Company

II. Electronic resources

https://www.lbwcc.edu/Content/Uploads/lbwcc.edu/files/Plasma%20
membrane%20Answered%20Review%20F%2007.pdf
https://www.andrew.cmu.edu/course/03-
231/MCQF05/MCQLec23.htm
https://docplayer.net/20823550-Cell-transport-and-plasma-
membrane-structure.html

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General Biology 1 Quarter 1 Week 5
 Development Team of the Module

Writer: Ma. Lenalyn Q. Manzano, MT II

Editor: Rebecca M. Roxas – EPS
Reviewer: Lyn D. Paraguison MT II
Management Team:
Maria Magdalena M. Lim, CESO V, Schools Division Superintendent, Manila
Aida H. Rondilla, CID Chief
Lucky S. Carpio, Division EPS, In – Charge of LRMS and Division ADM Coordinator

Answer Key Card

Pre Test Post Test
1. b 2. A 3. C 4. A 5. B 1. A 2. B 3. B 4. C 5. C

Looking Back Activity 5.2

1. Red Blood Cell 1. Cholesterol

2. Neuron/Nerve Cell 2. Glycolipid
3. Egg Cell 3. Glycoprotein
4. Sperm Cell 4. Protein
5. Phospholipid
Activity 5.1
1. 2 Activity 5.3
2. Left Side: Circles: 20 Pentagon:20
1. Phospholipid and proteins
Right Side: Circles: 20 Pentagon: 0
2. 3
3. Pentagon
3. Glycoprotein
4. Left to Right
4. Polar/Non Polar molecule
5. Water molecule, it is smaller and
5. Greater outside, less inside
can easily pass the membrane
compared to sugar molecules

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General Biology 1 Quarter 1 Week 5
CHECKING YOUR UNDERSTANDING
Answer the following questions:
1. Give the three functions of the cell membrane
a) The cell membrane holds the cellular contents together
b) Determines the shape of the cell
c) The structural boundary the cell membrane is the gate keeper of a cell. It
control what passes through them.
2. Which types of molecules are carbohydrate molecules usually attached to?
Carbohydrates may attach to lipid mnolecule as glycolipid and protein molecule
as glycoprotein
3. Which part of phospholipid molecule is hydrophobic? The head
4. Name three molecules , other than phospholipids and proteins , that are present
in animal cell membranes.
a. Cholesterol
b. Carbohydrates
c. Enzymes
5. Draw a phospholipid bilayer and label the polar heads and the non-polar tails.

Critical Thinking
6. Why is cholesterol an important component of animal cell membranes?
Cholesterol gives the membrane more stability
7. What kinds of substances can easily pass and cannot pass through a plasma
membrane (be specific)?

O2 , CO2, H2O Steroids Hydrocarbons Alcohol Anesthetics

monosaccharides Na+ K+ H+ Ca2+, Cl- PO4 - HCO3 - H-
amino acids nucleotides biological monomers polymers

Can pass through Cannot pass through

Small(uncharged) Larged
O2 , CO2, H2 O amino acids nucleotides
biological monomers polymers
Lipid Soluble Charged (Ions)
Steroids Hydrocarbons Na+ K+ H+ Ca2+, Cl-
Alcohol Anesthetics PO4 - HCO3 - H-
monosaccharides

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General Biology 1 Quarter 1 Week 5