FINAL DRAFT INTERVIEW

Supervisor’s Signature: Interviewer’s Signature:

PROGRAM OF BUILDING SURVEYING

DEPARTMENT OF BUILT ENVIRONMENT STUDIES AND TECHNOLOGY
COLLEGE OF BUILT ENVIRONMENT
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA
PERAK BRANCH
SERI ISKANDAR CAMPUS

(DEVELOPMENT AND CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT ; SUBSTRUCTURE

PROCESS)

AHMAD SYAKIR BIN ROSLI

(2020600478)
DIPLOMA IN BUILDING SURVEYING

PRACTICAL TRAINING REPORT

MARCH - JULY 2023
DECLARATION:

I hereby admit that this report is the result of my own efforts, except for the certain
parts that are attached from sources that specified in reference chapter.

Prepared By:

………………………………………..
(AHMAD SYAKIR BIN ROSLI) Date:

Approved By:

………………………………………..
(SR. TS. MOHD KHAZLI ASWAD KHALID) Date:
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First and foremost, I would like to praise and thank to the Almighty Allah for giving me
the strength and because of his blessing, I finally finished and well managed to accomplish
the requirements of this assignment. I believe without his blessing I would not have gone this
far. Other than that, this assignment cannot be completed without guidance by the coolest
supervisor Sr. Ts. Mohd Khazli Aswad Khalid, and not to be forgotten my colleagues either. I
am so grateful for having these people in my life, that wanted being volunteer to guide and
help me.

Therefore, I would like to thank to my family for always supporting me in everything I

do. Without their support I would never be who I am right now. My family is my back bone,
where all the strength of my mental I have got.

Next, I would like to extend my thankfulness to this company Rassco Builders Sdn Bhd
for accepted me as an internship student to work together in their agency. Other than that, I
am so grateful that I am working with kind people, where the others will offer helps if I ask
about the things that I do not understand.

Last but not least, I would like to express my gratitude to University Technology Mara
(UiTM) campus Seri Iskandar, Perak, for giving me the opportunity to pursue my study in this
course. Since I had to make an assignment about this case study, lot of knowledges and
experiences I have got by doing my internship.
TABLE OF CONTENTS

No. Content Page

LIST OF TABLES

LIST OF CHARTS/DIAGRAMS/PHOTOS
1.0 INTRODUCTION

The following report describes the actions carried out during a 14-week full-time internship
at Rassco Builders Sdn. Bhd. An internship is an excellent opportunity to gain specialized skills
and information, as well as confidence. The paper offers information on the organization and
the duties performed from March to July 2023. I formulate a few goals for myself at the start
of the internship:

• to use my gained skills and knowledge;

• to see what is like to work in a professional environment;
• to see what skills and knowledge I still need to work in a professional environment;
• to see if this kind of work is a possibility for my future career;
• to enhance my communication skills;

1.1 COMPANY BACKGROUND

Rassco Builders Sdn Bhd is an established construction and development company.

Its business activity comprises of construction and development of residential and commercial
projects. Established in 2009, the company had a humble beginning and throughout years of
development and improvement, we stand as the competent player in construction field and its
related portfolios. This agency is not a huge company like others company, but this company
has handled almost 40-50 projects. Many services offered from this company for instance,
building construction, renovation services, project management, and others. This company is
owned to Saiful Anam Bin Mohamad Sapian, he is an Electrical Engineering. The office’s
address is PT5767 Panji, Jalan Panchor Kemumin, 16100 Kota Bharu, Kelantan. Sum of
personnel in this company is consisted 8 employees which is 3 of them are internships, and 5
are full time workers.

Vision:

Rassco Builders Sdn Bhd is not just a construction company. We are a dedicated team striving
to bring growth to our community, helping to maintain existing companies and assist our clients
in making their dreams become a reality.

Mission:
Rassco Builders Sdn Bhd is committed to building long-term relationships based on integrity,
performance, value, and client satisfaction. We will continue to meet the changing needs of
our clients with our quality services delivered by the most qualified people.

COMPANY PHILOSOPHY

• We believe that honesty and integrity shall be instilled in every job.

• We believe in working hard for our clients to ensure the best prices and best quality
work from our tradesmen.
• We believe that we collaborate with the best subcontractors to bring your project in on-
time, under budget and the best quality workmanship.
• We believe our employees are our best asset, working hard every day to complete
each job with quality workmanship, attention to detail and pride.

CERTIFICATE OF COMPANY REGISTRATION

• SSM
o Sijil Pendaftaran Syarikat
• CIDB
o Sijil Perakuan Pendaftaran Kontraktor (PPK)
o Sijil Perolehan Kerja Kerajaan (SPKK)
• Kementerian Kerja Raya (BPKU)
o Sijil Taraf Bumiputera (STB)
ORGANISATION CHART OF RASSCO BUILDERS SDN BHD

SCOPE OF WORK

NO. SCOPE OF WORK

 Besides that, according to the location on google map and my experience, the office
building is located not really far from the city. It is around 5.6 - 8.5 km away from the city center.
This building is located strategically where easy for worker to deal with hardware owner or
subcontractor or clients to settle the business. The diagram below shows the route from the
office to Kota Bharu.
LITERATURE REVIEW

Generally, as we all know construction has two parts of structure such as substructure
and superstructure. Both are the main parts of buildings, because without these parts the
building cannot be formed. The part of the building that is underground is called the
substructure, while everything above ground is called the superstructure. In this case,
substructure part will be focused on.

Moreover, building substructures are used to transfer loads from the superstructure to
the ground below. Because of this, the substructure is directly up against the earth that
supports it. Now, it's crucial to guarantee that the substructure is placed appropriately with
structural experts to make sure that all support beams, columns, and foundations are properly
included to ensure that nothing will collapse within the substructure. Most of the time, either
reinforced cement concrete or plain cement concrete is used to construct the substructure
base. The cement concrete is raised to the appropriate plinth level by adding more cement
and covering it with bricks or stones. The substructure is then covered with a damp-proof
course to keep moisture out.

IN MALAYSIA, THERE ARE FOUR TYPES OF FOOTING THAT COMMONLY USED SUCH
AS PAD FOOTING, STEPPED FOOTING, SLOPED FOOTING, AND RAFT FOOTING.

NO. TYPE

1 Pad footing:
 • Plain or reinforced concrete is used to establish a pad or flat isolated
footing. It has a consistent thickness and might be round, rectangular,
or square in form. It is less expensive and needs less
excavation, nevertheless, its size is largely dependent on the load and
it is less resistant to lateral stresses. It is commonly used for residential
and commercial building

2 Stepped footing:

• Sloped isolated footing uses less concrete and reinforcing bars than
pad footing. It is meticulously built to preserve a 45-degree slant from
all sides. To avoid sustained viscous deformation, the concrete mix
utilised must be stiff.

3 Sloped footing:
 • This kind of footing requires constructing a footing step by step until it
reaches the appropriate width. This technology is generally utilised in
residential structures, but its use has declined in recent decades.

4 Raft footing:

• Mat footing is another name for raft foundation. A raft foundation is a

thick concrete slab that rests on a vast area of soil that is reinforced
with steel, supporting columns or walls, and transfers loads from the
building to the earth. Mat footing is often distributed over the full
surface of the structure it is supporting.
• Raft foundations are commonly used to support structures such as
residential or commercial buildings in poor soil conditions, storage
tanks, silos, foundations for large industrial equipment, and so on.
METHOD WORKS FOR PAD FOOTING, STEPPED FOOTING, SLOPED FOOTING, AND
RAFT FOOTING.

TYPE DESCRIPTION
Pad footing • The soil will be excavated with the desired depth. Every
footing will be posited separately.
• Spacer will be inserted before putting the bars.
• Then, put the reinforcement bars in the excavated soil and
install the formwork to mold the concrete.
• Pour the mortar in the hole, and let it harden. This is for
footing.
• Next step, continue pouring the concrete for stump after
the footing has harden.
Stepped footing • The foundation is raised up the slope to minimize
excavation and walling below ground. The foundation is
stepped such that each step is no higher than the
thickness of the concrete foundation and the foundation at
the higher-level overhang the lower foundation by at least
300 mm.
• The load bearing walls are elevated, and the foundation
trenches surrounding the walls are backfilled with chosen
soil from the excavation. The concrete over site and solid
ground floor may be cast on granular fill no deeper than
600 mm or cast or positioned as a suspended reinforced
concrete slab. The drains visible at the back of the trench
fill are used to collect and drain water to the building's
sides.
Sloped footing • Site preparation: The site is cleared of any vegetation,
rocks, or debris.
• Excavation: The area where the foundation will be built is
excavated, and the slope is smoothed out. This may
involve the use of heavy machinery.
• Grading: The slope is graded to create a level base for the
foundation. This is done by adding or removing soil to
achieve the desired slope.
 • Footings: The footings are poured at the bottom of the
slope. These are the base of the foundation and are
designed to support the weight of the building.
• Foundation walls: The walls of the foundation are built on
top of the footings. These walls are usually made of
concrete, reinforced with steel.
• Waterproofing: The foundation walls are coated with a
waterproofing material to prevent water from seeping into
the building.
• Backfill: The area around the foundation is backfilled with
soil, which is compacted to prevent settling.
• Drainage: A drainage system is installed to ensure that
water is directed away from the foundation.
Raft footing • Determine the depth at which the foundation will be
installed.
• Excavate the dirt to the desired depth.
• Compress the dirt.
• Install a waterproofing membrane.
• 3" of plane cement-sand paste should be applied.
• Using spacers, lay reinforcement while preserving the
desired gap.
• Pour concrete to the depth desired.
• Curing.

There have a few foundations that separated to a few different types. For instance, pad footing
and raft footing.

Pad footing;

1. Plain Concrete Pad Foundation

2. Reinforced Concrete Pad Foundation
3. Combined Pad Foundation
4. Continuous Pad Foundation
5. Pad Foundations with Ground Beam
Raft footing;

1. Flat Plate Type Raft Foundation

2. Thickened Flat plate Type Raft Foundation
3. Beam and Slab Type Raft Foundation
4. Piled Raft Foundation
5. Cellular Raft Foundation
CHAPTER 3; CASE STUDY

Furthermore, this case study is according to the activity that related in the internship
job. As an internship student, many things that can be learning and other that that, internship
helps to enhance student’s skills and confidents.

After for a few months of being an internship student, I have experienced many things
in this industry. For instance, I have been posited under the technical department, where I am
working as an assistant site supervisor, I have to monitor personnel at the construction site.
Besides that, I also have to make sure the materials that needed should be always in a stock,
to avoid delay of construction process. While experiencing this part of my life, I have faced a
few conflicts during handling this job. However, those conflicts were not be the reason that I
have to quit the job. I genuinely trust every problem has its own solution.

This agency currently handles a project that located at Panji, Kelantan. The project is
about build a bungalow house with two floors. The house area is about 1358 m2. For this case
study will be focusing on the construction process but only for substructure part. This house
used pad footing for the foundation of the building.

THE INSTALLATION WORKS OF SUBSTRUCTURE PROCESS ARE;

First of all, before excavating for footing, it is important to evaluate the soil conditions
and substructure of the site. This involves conducting a geotechnical investigation to
determine the soil characteristics, such as its bearing capacity, moisture content, and potential
for settlement. Based on the findings of the investigation, appropriate measures can be taken
to ensure that the excavation process is safe and stable, such as installing temporary shoring
or underpinning.
 Additionally, it may be necessary to obtain any necessary permits or approvals from
local authorities before beginning excavation work. This can involve submitting plans for
review and obtaining clearance for any necessary inspections. Overall, careful planning and
evaluation of the substructure is critical to ensure a safe and successful excavation process.
Other than that, personnel will establish for site rail. A photo above shows the actions before
excavating work has started.

Next, the site will be prepared by clearing the area of any debris or obstacles. Then,
the excavation process will begin. This involves using heavy machinery to dig down to the
appropriate depth for the foundation. The soil will be removed and set aside for backfilling later
on. Once the excavation is complete, the site will be inspected to ensure it meets the
necessary specifications and requirements. Finally, the foundation can be poured and the soil
can be backfilled.

After the cement for the pad foundation is poured, it will need to cure for a specific
amount of time. During this time, it's important to keep the area free from any disturbances to
allow the concrete to properly set. Once the curing process is complete, the next steps
personnel will pour cement into stump formwork. This is because footing and stump process
cannot be installed together, where it should be done for footing process first, then continue
with the stump process. Then, after the footing and stump have been properly set, the next
step for backfilling would be to ensure that the area around the footing and stump is properly
graded. This involves spreading and leveling the soil to create a slope away from the building
to ensure proper drainage. Once the area has been graded, personnel can then begin
backfilling with a suitable material such as gravel, sand or stone to provide stability and support
for the structure.
 After that, personnel will start to establish ground beam. The personnels have to put
formwork to form ground beam, then they will install the reinforcement bar to make sure the
beam is stable and strong. Then, after finished up the beam process, the hollowness in beam
area should be filled with gravel or sand. Settle down everything for ground beam works, next
steps can be continued with the superstructure process.

REFERENCE

https://www.letsbuild.com/blog/substructure-
superstructure#:~:text=The%20two%20major%20components%20of,everything%20that%20
is%20above%20ground.

https://proest.com/construction/process/superstructure-vs-substructure/

https://www.geoengineer.org/news/categories-of-isolated-foundation-
footings#:~:text=A%20pad%20or%20flat%20isolated,less%20resistant%20in%20lateral%20f
orces.

https://civiltoday.com/geotechnical-engineering/foundation-engineering/167-raft-mat-
foundation-use-types-construction

https://civiltoday.com/geotechnical-engineering/foundation-engineering/178-pad-foundation-
definition-types

https://www.iamcivilengineer.com/2017/02/what-is-stepped-foundation.html

https://theconstructor.org/geotechnical/raft-foundations-types-advantages/7184/