Questions 1–11 are based on the 1.

following passage. A. NO CHANGE

Opportunities in Engineering
B. which
by Charles M. Horton
Several years ago, at the regular annual C. whose
meeting of one of the major engineering D. who’s
societies, the president of the society, in the
2. Which choice provides the most
formal address with which he opened the
logical introduction to the sentence?
meeting, gave expression to a thought so
startling that the few laymen (1) who were A. NO CHANGE
seated in the auditorium fairly gasped. (2) B. What was said in fact was
Surprisingly the president had said that C. The president had said that
since engineers had got the world into war, D. What the president said in effect
it was the duty of engineers to get the world was that
out of war. As a thought, it probably 3. Which word best fits the meaning of
reflected the secret opinion of every the sentence?
engineer present, for, however (3)
unaffected of intended wrong-doing A. NO CHANGE
engineers assuredly are as a group in their B. innocent
work of scientific investigation and C. unknown
development, (4) the statement that D. guilty
engineers were responsible for the conflict 4.
then raging in Europe was absolute truth.
A. NO CHANGE
I mention this merely to bring to the reader's B. it seems that engineers were
attention the tremendous power which responsible for the conflict
engineers wield in world affairs. C. the statement disregards that the
The profession of (5) engineering, which, engineers were responsible for the
by the way, is merely the adapting of problem
discoveries in science and art to the uses of D. only engineers responsible for the
mankind—is a peculiarly isolated one. conflict
5.
A. NO CHANGE
B. engineering—which, by the way, is
merely the adapting of discoveries
in science and art to the uses of
mankind—is
C. engineering, which, by the way, is
merely the adapting of discoveries
in science and art to the uses of
mankind, is
D. engineering, which—by the way, is
merely the adapting of discoveries
in science and art to the uses of
mankind—is

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(6) Much to our dismay very little is known 6.
about it among those outside of the
A. NO CHANGE
profession. Laymen know something about B. But
law, a little about medicine, quite a lot— C. Since
nowadays—about metaphysics. But D. And
laymen know nothing about engineering.
Indeed, a source of common amusement 7.
among engineers is the peculiar fact that the A. NO CHANGE
average layman cannot differentiate B. man’s
between the (7) men who runs a locomotive C. mens’
and the man who designs a locomotive. In D. man
ordinary parlance both are called engineers.
Yet there is a difference between them—(8) 8. What should be done with the
a difference as between day and night. For underlined phrase?
one merely operates the results of the A. Keep it, because it emphasizes the
creative genius of the other. This almost previous information.
universal ignorance as to what constitutes B. Keep it, because it provides a break
an engineer serves to show to what broad from the formal structure of the
extent the profession of engineering is passage.
isolated. C. Delete it, because it does not add to
Yet it is a wonderful profession. I say this the sentence.
with due regard for all other professions. [1] D. Delete it, because it is irrelevant.
For one cannot but ponder the fact that, if 9.
engineers started the greatest war the world
has ever known—and engineers as a body A. NO CHANGE
freely admit that if they did not start it they B. thems
at least made it possible—they also stopped C. her
(9) them, thereby proving themselves D. it
possessed of a power greater than that of 10.
any other class of professional men—(10)
A. NO CHANGE
diplomats and lawyers and divinities not
B. diplomats, lawyers and divinities
excepted.
not excepted.
[2] That it is a force generally exercised for C. diplomats, lawyers, and divinities
good—despite the World War—I myself, not excepted.
as an engineer, can truly testify. [3] With D. diplomat, lawyer, and divinities not
some fifteen years spent on the creative end excepted.
of the work—the drafting and designing
11. To make the last two paragraphs
end—I have yet to see, with but two or three
logical, sentence [4] should be placed
rare exceptions, the genius of engineers
turned into any but noble channels. [4] That A. where it is now.
engineering is a force fraught with B. before sentence 1.
stupendous possibilities, therefore, nobody C. before sentence 2.
can very well deny. (11) D. after sentence 2.

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Questions 12–22 are based on the 12. Which word would most likely capture
following passage. Betsey Bailey’s character based on the
Frederick Douglass context?
by Charles W. Chesnutt A. NO CHANGE
[1] Douglass’s earliest recollections B. revered
centered around the cabin of his C. inadequate
grandmother, Betsey Bailey, who seems to D. fanciful
have been something of a (12) privileged 13. To make the previous paragraph most
character on the plantation, being permitted logical, sentence 2 should be placed
to live with her husband, Isaac, in a cabin of
their own, charged with only the relatively A. Where it is now.
light duty of looking after a number of B. after sentence 3.
young children, mostly the offspring of her C. before sentence 1.
own five daughters, and providing for her D. after sentence 4.
own support. 14.
[2]The real importance of his life to us of A. NO CHANGE
another generation lies in what he B. earned
accomplished toward the world’s progress, C. has earned
which he only began to influence several D. was earned
years after his escape from slavery. (13) [3]
15. Which option, if inserted here, best
It is impossible in a work of the scope of
supports the previous statement on
this to go into very elaborate detail with
Captain Aaron Anthony?
reference to this period of Douglass’s life,
however interesting it might be. [4] Enough A. As a result, Douglass grew as a
ought to be stated, however, to trace his prosperous slave under Captain
development from slave to freeman, and his Aaron Anthony’s jurisdiction.
preparation for the platform where he B. Notwithstanding his monetary
secured his hearing and (14) was earning success, Captain Aaron Anthony
his fame. treated his slaves brutally and is
Douglass was born the slave of one Captain suspected of being Douglass’s
Aaron Anthony, a man of some father.
consequence in eastern Maryland, the C. Many people would come to
manager or chief clerk of one Colonel Captain Aaron Anthony to either
Lloyd, the head for that generation of an buy slaves or land.
old, exceedingly wealthy, and highly D. The many titles only added to
honored family in Maryland, the possessor Captain Aaron Anthony’s social
of a stately mansion and one of the largest standing in the community in
and most fertile plantations in the State. addition to his wealth.
(15) Captain Anthony, though only the
satellite of this great man, himself owned
several farms and a number of slaves. At the
age of seven Douglass was taken from the
cabin of his grandmother at Tuckahoe to his
masters residence on Colonel Lloyd's
plantation.

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 (16) Up to this time he had never, to his 17.
recollection, seen his mother. All his
A. NO CHANGE
impressions of her were derived from a few B. grandmother but
brief visits made to him at Colonel Lloyd’s C. grandmother and
plantation, most of them at night. These D. grandmother; but
fleeting visits of the mother were important
events in the life of the child, now no longer 18. What should be done with the
under the care of his (17) grandmother, but underlined sentence?
turned over to the tender mercies of his A. Keep it, because it supports the
master’s cook, with whom he does not seem main idea of the paragraph.
to have been a favorite. (18) His mother B. Keep it, because it provides relevant
died when he was eight or nine years old. clarification.
Her son did not see her during her illness, C. Delete it, because it repeats an
(19) or learn of it until after her death. It was assertion.
always a matter of (20) extreme sadness to D. Delete it, because it is irrelevant.
him that he did not know her better, and that
he could not was one of the sins of slavery 19. What should be done with the
that he never forgave. underlined phrase?
On Colonel Lloyd’s plantation Douglass A. Keep it. It emphasizes the previous
spent four years of the slave life of which information.
his graphic description on the platform B. Keep it. It provides a break from the
stirred (21) humane, hearts to righteous formal structure of the passage.
judgment of an unrighteous institution. (22) C. Delete it. It does not add to the
As a result, it is enough to say that this lad, sentence.
with keen eyes and susceptible feelings, D. Delete it. It is irrelevant.
was an eye-witness of all the evils to which 20.
slavery gave birth.
A. NO CHANGE
B. excessive lamentation
C. grief
16. Which choice provides the best D. unjustified sorrow
combination of the underlined
sentences? 21.
A. NO CHANGE A. NO CHANGE
B. mother. That said, all B. humane hearts
C. mother. However, all C. humane; hearts
D. mother. And, all D. humane: hearts
22. Which choice provides the best
transition?
A. NO CHANGE
B. However,
C. Keeping that in mind,
D. OMIT the transition phrase

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Questions 23–33 are based on the 23. Which choice most effectively
following passage. combines the sentences at the
underlined portion?
Dream Psychology: Psychoanalysis for
Beginners A. NO CHANGE
by Sigmund Freud B. dream work, and to add we must
C. dream work in as much as we must
In the foregoing exposition we have now D. dream work, although we must
learnt something of the (23) dream work;
we must regard it as a quite special 24.
psychical process, which, so far as we are A. NO CHANGE
aware, resembles nothing else. To the B. it’s
dream work has been transferred that C. its
bewilderment which (24) its’ product, the D. their
dream, has aroused in us. In truth, the dream
work is only the first recognition of a group 25.
of psychical processes to which must be A. NO CHANGE
referred the origin of hysterical symptoms, B. dreadness, obsessive, and illusion
the ideas of morbid (25) dread, obsessive, C. dread, obsession and illusion
and illusion. Condensation, and especially D. dread, obsession, and illusion
displacement, are never-failing features in
these other processes. (26) The regard for
26. The writer wants to express a feature
appearance remains, on the other hand,
specific to the dream work. Which
peculiar to the dream work. If this
choice best accomplishes this goal?
explanation brings the dream into line with
the formation of psychical disease, it A. NO CHANGE
becomes more important to fathom the B. Appearance, on the other hand, is
essential conditions of processes like dream often found in the dream work.
building. It will be probably a surprise to C. When looking closely at the dream
hear that neither the state of sleep nor work, appearance plays the role of
illness is among the indispensable one shared feature.
conditions. A whole number of phenomena D. Though appearance appears
of the everyday life of healthy (27) elsewhere, it remains an important
persons— forgetfulness, slips in speaking feature in the dream work.
and in holding things, together with a 27.
certain class of mistakes, are due to a
psychical mechanism analogous to that of A. NO CHANGE
the dream and the other members of this B. persons—forgetfulness, slips in
group. Displacement is the core of the speaking and in holding things,
problem, and the most striking of all the together with a certain class of
dream performances. mistakes—
C. persons—forgetfulness, slips in
speaking and in holding things,
together with a certain class of
mistakes
D. persons, forgetfulness, slips in
speaking and in holding things,
together with a certain class of
mistakes—

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A (28) thorough investigation of the subject 28. The writer suggests that a complete
shows that the essential condition of investigation of the subject has shown
displacement is purely psychological; it is specific results. Which choice best
in the nature of a motive. We get on the reveals that meaning?
track by thrashing out experiences which A. NO CHANGE
one cannot avoid in the analysis of dreams. B. underlying
I had to break off the relations of my dream
C. satisfactory
thoughts in the analysis of my dream D. excellent
because I (29) find some experiences which
I do not wish strangers to know, and which 29.
I could not relate without serious damage to A. NO CHANGE
important considerations. I added, it would B. will find
be no use were I to select another instead of C. founded
that particular dream; in every dream where D. found
the content is obscure or intricate, (30) I
should hit upon dream thoughts which call 30.
for secrecy. (31) While, however, I A. NO CHANGE
continue the analysis for myself, without B. I should upon secrecy hit upon
regard to those others, for whom, indeed, so dream thoughts.
personal an event as my dream cannot C. should I hit upon dream thoughts
matter, I arrive finally at ideas which which call for secrecy.
surprise me, which I have not known to be D. I should hit which call for secrecy
mine, (32) which not only appear foreign to upon the dream thoughts.
me, but which are unpleasant, and which I
would like to oppose vehemently, whilst 31.
the chain of ideas running through the A. NO CHANGE
analysis intrudes upon me inexorably. I can B. since
only take these circumstances into account C. if
by (33) admitting that these thoughts are D. because
actually part of my psychical life,
32. The writer wants to emphasize two
possessing a certain psychical intensity or
main points using italics. Which choice
energy.
best accomplishes this goal?
A. NO CHANGE
B. which not only appear foreign to
me, but which are unpleasant,
C. which not only appear foreign to
me, but which are unpleasant,
D. which not only appear foreign to
me, but which are unpleasant,
33. Which choice best fits the writer’s main
idea stated in the previous sentence?
A. NO CHANGE
B. revealing
C. observing
D. submitting

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Questions 34–44 are based on the 34.
following passage. A. NO CHANGE
The Elements of Geology B. become
by William Harmon Norton C. was became
Rocks exposed to the direct rays of the sun D. had became
(34) became strongly heated by day and
expand. After sunset they rapidly cool and 35. Which choice would best be logically
contract. When the difference in placed here to represent the assertion
temperature between day and night is made in the paragraph?
considerable, the repeated strains of sudden
expansion and contraction at last become A. NO CHANGE
greater than the rocks can bear, and they B. although sometimes they remain
break, (35) for the same reason that a glass intact.
cracks when plunged into boiling water. C. and this can be viewed in other
materials.
[1] In cooling in the evening the surface D. taking into consideration the
shell suddenly contracts on the unyielding fragility.
interior and in time is forced off in scales.
(36) [2] Rocks are poor conductors of heat,
(37) and hence their surfaces may become 36. Where in this passage should the
painfully hot under the full blaze of the sun, underlined sentence be placed?
while the interior remains comparatively A. NO CHANGE
cool. [3] By day the outer (38) layer B. after sentence 2
expands and tends to break loose from the C. after sentence 3
mass of the stone. D. after sentence 4
[4] Many rocks, such as granite, are (39) 37.
made in grains of various minerals which
differ in color and in their capacity to A. NO CHANGE
absorb heat, and which therefore contract B. and yet
and expand in different ratios. In heating C. and so far
and cooling these grains crowd against their D. and henceforth
(40) neighbors, and tear loose from them, 38. Which word choice is most in line with
so that finally the rock disintegrates into the paragraph?
sand. The conditions for the destructive
A. NO CHANGE
action of heat and cold are most fully met
B. shell
in arid regions when vegetation is wanting
C. covering
for lack of sufficient rain. The soil not being
D. armor
held together by the roots of plants is blown
away over large areas, leaving the rocks 39.
bare to the blazing sun in a cloudless sky. A. NO CHANGE
The air is dry, and the heat received by the B. made with
earth by day is therefore rapidly radiated at C. made up of
night into space. There is a sharp and D. under made
sudden fall of temperature after sunset, and
the rocks, strongly heated by day, 40.
A. NO CHANGE
B. neighbors and tear
C. neighbors, and, tear
D. neighbors and, tear

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(41) are effected and now chilled perhaps 41.
even to the freezing point. (42) In the
A. NO CHANGE
cooling and crystallization process, magma B. effected
undergoes a physical process that ends in C. affect
igneous rock. (43) This could result in D. are affected
many disadvantages for future vegetation.
42. Which choice offers the most accurate
In the Sahara the thermometer has been
interpretation of the data in the chart
known to fall 131 degrees F. within a few
that accompanies this passage?
hours. In the light air of the Pamir plateau
in central Asia a rise of 90 degrees F. has A. NO CHANGE
been recorded from seven o’clock in the B. Sediment is formed as a result of the
morning to one o’clock in the afternoon. On process of weathering and erosion.
the mountains of southwestern Texas there C. Heat and pressure affect only one
are frequently heard crackling noises as the form of rock.
rocks of that arid region throw off scales D. The processes all center around the
from a fraction of an inch to four inches in transformation of rock.
thickness, and loud reports are made as 43. Which choice best concludes this
huge bowlders split apart. Desert pebbles paragraph and transitions to the topic of
(44) is weakened by long exposure to heat the next paragraph?
and cold have been shivered to fine sharp-
pointed fragments on being placed in sand A. NO CHANGE
heated to 180 degrees F. Beds half a foot B. The soil needs to be, then, properly
thick, forming the floor of limestone examined.
quarries in Wisconsin, have been known to C. The effect on the rocks is highly
buckle and arch and break to fragments substantial.
under the heat of the summer sun D. The exchange in temperature and its
effect on the rocks, therefore,
depends on the area.
44.
A. NO CHANGE
B. weakens
C. weakened
D. are weakened

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.

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December 2020