PRACTICE TEST 9

A. MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

I. PHONOLOGY (10pts)
Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the other three.
1. A. random B. canal C. many D. explanatory
2. A. feasible B. feather C. feat D. feature
3. A. gradual B. soldier C. education D. independent
4. A. measure B. division C. precision D. apprehension
5. A. touch B. enough C. cousin D. doubt

Choose the word whose stress pattern is different from that of the other three.
6. A. equivalent B. independent C. university D. entertainment
7. A. amphibian B. economic C. cathedral D. creative
8. A. majority B. ceremony C. astronomy D. investiture
9. A. architectural B. cosmopolitan C. appreciative D. archeologist
10. A influential B. opportunity C. temperament D. expectation

II. VOCABULARY AND STRUCTURE (20pts)

Choose the option that best completes the blank.
1. Is he really ________ to judge a brass band contest?
A. efficient B. skillful C. capable D. competent
2. Right at the beginning of their ________ programme the Japanese realizes the importance of an iron and
steel industry.
A. modern B. moderning C. modernizing D. modernization
3. This hotel gives ________ treatment to people who stay in it regularly.
A. preferable B. preferential C. preferred D. preference
4. The school ________ a system of monthly tests in place of an annual exam.
A. took B. gathered C. collected D. adopted
5. The traffic in town was very ________ and I arrived home earlier than expected.
A. light B. weak C. little D. few
6. You can’t ________ that cristicism to all teachers!
A. apply B. employ C. associate D. lay
7. We’ve made 50% of the staff ________ and halved our wages bill.
A. dismissed B. sacked C. redundant D. retired
8. As a poet, I think she ________ comparison with the greatest this century.
A. makes B. stands C. leads D. matches
9. He seems very quiet, but it would be a mistake to ________ his intelligence.
A devalue B depreciate C underrate D. minimise
10. Don’t leave your clothes ________ about on the bedroom floor.
A. lie B. lay C. lying D. laying
11. She raced by in a car, with her hair ________ behind.
A. streamed B. stream C. streams D. streaming
12. Just as remote-controlled satellites can be employed to explore outer space, ________ employed to
investigate the deep sea.
A. can be robots B. robots can be
C. can robots D. can robots that are
13. In ________ people, the areas of the brain that control speech are located in the left hemisphere.
A. mostly of B. most C. almost the D. the most of
14. ________ at his lessons, still he couldn’t catch up with his classmates.
A. Hardly as he worked B. Hard as he worked
C. Hard as he does D. Hard as he was
15. This factory produced ________ motorbikes in 2008 as in the year 2006.
A. twice as many B. as twice as many
C. as twice many D. as many as twice
16. He runs a business, ________ he proves to have managerial skills.
A. however B. otherwise C. and D. despite
17. I shall do the job to the best of my ________.
A. capacity B. ability C. knowledge D. talent
18. It’s a small black dog and ________ to the name of ‘Emily’.
A. belongs B. answers C. obeys D. responds
19. We should make the best of every ________ to learn.
A. chance B. availability C. benefit D. opportunity
20. She ________ about the time, her friend was also late.
A. needn’t worry B. didn’t need to worry
C. needn’t have worried D. needn’t worrying
III. READING COMPREHENSION
Reading 1: Read the following text and choose the best option to complete the blank or answer the
question. (10 pts)
Each advance in microscopic technique has provided scientists with new perspectives on the function of
living organisms and the nature of matter itself. The invention of the visible-light microscope late in the
sixteenth century introduced a previously unknown realm of single-celled plants and animals. In the twentieth
century, electron microscopes have provided direct views of viruses and minuscule surface structures. Now
another type of microscope, one that utilize x-rays rather than light or electrons, offers a different way of
examining tiny details, it should extend human perception still farther into the natural world.
The dream of building an x-ray microscope dates to 1895, its development, however, was virtually halted in
the 1940’s because the development of the electron microscope was progressing rapidly. During the 1940’s
electron microscopes routinely achieved resolution better than that possible with a visible-light microscope,
while the performance of x-ray microscopes resisted improvement. In recent years, however, interest in x-ray
microscopes has revived, largely because of advances such as the development of new sources of x-ray
illumination. As a result, the brightness available today is millions of times that of x-ray tubes, which, for most
of the century’, were the only available sources of soft x-rays.
The new x-ray microscopes considerably improve on the resolution provided by optical microscopes. They
can also be used to map the distribution of certain chemical elements. Some can form pictures in extremely
short times, others hold the promise of special capabilities such as three dimensional imaging. Unlike
conventional electron microscopy, x-ray microscopy enables specimens to be kept in air and in water, which
means that biological samples can be studied under conditions similar to their natural state. The illumination
used, so-called soft x-rays in the wavelength range of twenty to forty angstroms (an angstrom is one ten-
billionth of a meter), is also sufficiently penetrating to image intact biological cells in many cases. Because of
the wavelength of the x-rays used, soft x-ray microscopes will never match the highest resolution possible with
electron microscopes. Rather, their special properties will make possible investigations that will complement
those performed with light- and electron-based instruments.
1. What does the passage mainly discuss?
A. The detail seen through a microscope
B. Sources of illumination for microscopes
C. A new kind of microscope
D. Outdated microscopic technique
2. According to the passage, the invention of the visible-light microscope allowed scientists to
A. see viruses directly
B. develop the electron microscope later on
C. understand more about the distribution of the chemical elements
D. discover single celled plants and animals they had never seen before.
3. The word “minuscule” is closest in meaning to
A. circular B. dangerous C. complex D. tiny
4. The word “it” refers to
A. a type of microscope B. human perception
C. the natural world D. light
5. Why does the another mention me visible light microscope in the first paragraph?
A. To begin a discussion of sixteenth century discoveries.
B. To put the x-ray microscope in historical perspective
C. To show how limited its uses are
D. To explain how it functioned
6. Why did it take so long to develop the x-ray microscope?
 A. Funds for research were insufficient.
B. The source of illumination was not bright enough until recently.
C. Materials used to manufacture x-ray tubes were difficult to obtain
D. X-ray microscopes were too complicated to operate.
7. The word “enables” is closest in meaning to
A. constitutes B. specifies C. expands D. allows
8. The word “Rather” is closest in meaning to
A. significantly B. preferably C. somewhat D. instead
9. The word “those” refers to
A. properties B. investigations C. microscopes D. x-rays
10. Based on the information in the passage, what can be inferred about x-ray microscopes in the future?
A. They will probably replace electron microscopes altogether.
B. They will eventually be much cheaper to produce than they are now.
C. They will provide information not available from other kinds of microscopes.
D. They will eventually change the illumination range that they now use.
Reading 2: Read the text about hooking a flight and put the following sentences in the correct order. There
is one sentence that you don’t need to use. Write the letters A, B, C,... next to the numbers. Number 0 has
been done for you as an example. (10 pts)
When you want to book a flight to a certain place, visit your nearest travel agent. Tell the travel agent the
date when you want to travel and the destination to which you want to go. The travel agent will then type the
information into a small computer. After checking everything on the computer screen, he/she will send the
information to a central computer. The central computer contains all information about bookings and
destinations, and sends a reply, showing which are the most suitable flights. It also shows whether the flights
are fully booked or not. The information which is now shown on the small computer screen is continually
changing as other bookings are made in other parts of the world.
The travel agent now types in your booking, then the computer will ask for your name and address as well
as for certain other information, it will also ask how you will pay for your ticket (by cheque or by credit card).
Next the computer confirms the booking and makes a request for payment. When you have paid for your ticket,
the travel agent types the information into the computer as well. Finally, some computers print out a ticket
before you leave the travel agent’s.
A. Details about the flights and seats available are sent back.
B. The computer then wants information about the method of payment.
C. The tickets are issued either at that time or later.
D. The computer asks for personal details.
E. Make your request to the travel agent and give him/her all the details.
F. Your request is then checked and sent to the main computer.
G. Go to a travel agent.
H. The computer asks for payment.
I. The computer asks for the flight number.
J. The travel agent fills your initial request into a small computer.
K. The booking is typed into the small computer.
L. The booking is confirmed.
IV. GUIDED CLOZE TEST (10 pts)
Read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C, or D) best fits each space.
Medical science has made enormous advances in the twentieth century. Most of the great ‘killer’ diseases
have been (1) ________, and almost every day a new drug appears on the market. But the medical profession is
(2) ________ a crisis of confidence. Surveys indicate that less than 40% of people really trust their family
doctor. People are (3) ________ away from conventional medicine to look for alternative forms of treatment.
The main reason for this is that conventional medicine has (4) ________ to satisfy the needs of the (5)
________ of people. In spite of the apparent progress made by medical science, we are actually less healthy
than our parents or grandparents.
Medical students are taught that diseases are (6) ________ by germs, viruses and toxins. Therefore
treatment must (7) ________ on attacking these things. The mind and the emotions are not thought to play any
part in the disease process. But people who practise ‘natural’ medicine (8) ________ with this principle, and try
to treat the whole person. They believe that personality’ and lifestyle are important when considering a
patient’s (9) ________ health.
 Some conventional doctors are beginning to (10) ________ that there is a lot of truth in these ideas, and
believe that natural medicine can be a valuable aid. Others still regard it as a dangerous threat to their
profession.
1. A. won B. defeated C. erased D. broken
2. A. experiencing B. holding C. bearing D. living
3. A. growing B. taking C. turning D. coming
4. A. missed B. stopped C. lost D. failed
5. A. lot B. majority C. most D. largest
6. A. caused B. made C. brought D. involved
7. A. aim B. function C. concentrate D. try
8. A. reject B. dislike C. object D. disagree
9. A. normal B. typical C. common D. general
10. A. recognise B. observe C, view D. know

B. WRITTEN TEST
I. VERB TENSES/FORMS (10pts)
Complete the following sentences with the correct form and tense of the verbs given in brackets.
1. I know I (not write) ________ to you before, but I (be) ________ so busy recently that I (not have) time
for writing letters. I (telephone) ________ you instead, but I (forget) ________ your number.
2. As he (stand) ________ there (try) ________ (not weep) ________, he (hear) ________ someone slowly
(climb) ________ the ladder to his room.
II. PREPOSITIONS AND PHRASAL VERBS (10 pts)
Complete each blank with a suitable preposition.
1. I don’t care ________ the expense; I want the party to be a real success.
2. The doctor thinks he’ll pull ________ now. His temperature has gone down.
3. The oral examination was difficult. The examiner tried to catch me ________ by asking some tricky
questions.
4. The old lady fainted but the nurse was soon able to bring her ________.
5. If the boss tries to land you ________ another report, just say you can’t do it this week.
6. We put his rude manner ________ to ignorance of our customs.
7. She couldn’t catch up with the other runner because she had fallen too far ________.
8. I am not friends with Peter anymore. We’ve fallen ________.
9. Amy’s husband has run ________ and left her with two children to bring up.
10. The announcer on the radio suddenly broke ________ the middle of a piece of music and informed the
audience that there was a storm coming.
III. WORD FORMS (10 pts)
Supply the correct form of the word provided in brackets.
1. They ________ the time of their arrival and missed the plane. (JUDGE)
2. The United Nations will act as ________ of the peace settlement. (GUARANTEE)
3. The union claimed that some of its members had been ________ for taking part in the strike. (VICTIM)
4. This house has been so ________ decorated that it is very popular. (TASTE)
5. The doctors are doing some ________ tests to try and find out what’s wrong. (EXPLORE)
6. It is a form of anaemia which is nearly always fatal if left ________. (TREAT)
7. The things they are doing are to help the ________. (ADVANTAGE)
8. Hundreds of unemployed could be pushed back towards crime by the closure of job training programs.
(PRISON)
9. Are all those ________ they put in food really necessary? (ADD)
10. They all cheered ________ as their team came out. (ENTHUSIASM)
IV. ERROR IDENTIFICATION (10 pts)
The passage below contains 10 mistakes. Underline the mistakes and correct them in the space provided in
the column on the right. (0) has been done as an example.
0. For almost people, the distinction between vegetables and fruits is fairly 0. most
clear.
1. Scientists, therefore, have varied opinions in this regard. For example, _________
2. horticulturists categorize a watermelon as a vegetable although its general _________
3. acceptance as a fruit. Botanists identify a tomato like a fruit even if it is _________
 4. common used as a vegetable. These differences stem from the ways in _________
which
5. fruits and vegetables are classifying. For a botanist, a fruit is the seed _________
bearing
6. portion of a flowered plant or tree. According to this definition, a tomato _________
is a
7. fruit. With a horticulturist, a vegetable is the cartable portion of a plant that _________
8. must replant annually. According to this view, a watermelon is a _________
vegetable. A
9. horticulturist sees a fruit as coming from a plant or tree that lives at last _________
two years.
10. When fruits and vegetables that meet the criteria of both groups of _________
scientists, such as apples or potatoes, there is no conflict.

V. OPEN CLOZE TEST (10 pts)

Fill in each numbered blank with ONE suitable word.
In the early eighteenth century the New World still belonged to Britain. However, here people found (1)
________ free from the power of kings and priests, and there was no aristocracy (2) ________ owned all the
land. In 1776, the British Americans (3) ________ independence from Britain and, after fighting and winning a
war against the British, established a new nation called the United States of America. They were now (4)
________ free from the power of the European kings, and in 1789 they wrote a Constitution for the new nation.
This Constitution (5) ________ the values which Americans had fought (6) ________ and when they wrote
it they wanted to make sure that the freedom which they (7) ________ fought to win would continue. They
wanted to be (8) ________ that the government of the new country would not (9) ________ too strong, that the
power of the church would also be limited, and that there would never (10) ________ a hereditary’ aristocracy
in America.
VI. SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION (20 pts)
Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it is as similar as possible in meaning to the
sentence printed before it. Begin with the words given
1. He is becoming quite famous as an interviewer. (NAME)
___________________________________________________________________________
2. You don’t have to do it if you don’t want to. (OBLIGATION)
___________________________________________________________________________
3. The new boss was not at all popular with his staff. (TAKE)
___________________________________________________________________________
4. There was loud applause as he left the stage. (ACCOMPANIMENT)
___________________________________________________________________________
5. I’m telling you this for you not to make a mistake. (FEAR)
___________________________________________________________________________
Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it is as similar as possible in meaning to the
sentence printed before it. Use the words given in brackets
6. His behaviour is beginning to annoy me more and more.
I am beginning to_____________________________________________________________
7. Something must be done quickly to solve the problem of homelessness.
Urgent_____________________________________________________________________
8. The northwest of Britain has more rain each year than the southeast.
The annual__________________________________________________________________
9. Just thinking about his face at that moment makes me laugh
The very____________________________________________________________________
10. The reason for the high proportion of the old is births rather than deaths.
Births rather than deaths_______________________________________________________
 PRACTICE TEST 10
A. MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
1. PHONOLOGY (10pts)
1. Pronunciation: Choose the word which has the underlined part pronounced differently from the rest.
1. A. plumber B. doubt C. debt D. hobby
2. A. boil B. trolley C. boy D.oil
3. A. another B. mother C. polish D. stomach
4. A. laughed B. imagined C. rained D. followed
5. A. moon B. afternoon C. foot D. June

2. Stress: Choose the word whose main stress is placed differently from the others.
6. A. mountaineer B. photography C. employee D. mosquito
7. A. neglect B. appointment C. remember D. hygiene
8. A. community B. minority C. biology D. dormitory
9. A. buffalo B. insecticide C. intoxicate D. indoctrinate
10. A. victorious B. mountainous C. vigorous D. dangerous

II. VOCABULARY & STRUCTURE (20pts)

Choose the word or phrase from A, B C or I) that fits each blank.
1. She has to go on a ________ course in cooking because next month she’s getting married.
A. crash B. speedy C. quick D. fast
2. Tomorrow we will go fishing, weather ________.
A. agreeing B. allowing C. permitting D. giving
3. ________ I studied when I was in Saigon was a small school near her house.
A. Where B. It C. When D. There
4. It was a ________ of luck that I won the contest. There were more knowledgeable people than me.
A. beam B. piece C. drop D. stroke
5. Time ________ and they still hadn’t heard anything from their son.
A. moved B. went C. went on D. passed
6. Rescue teams continue to search for the people who got lost during the avalanche, but after so many days
hopes are
A. dying away B. disappearing C. fading D. flying away
7. His company went bankrupt, three years of hard work ________ the drain.
A. into B. in C. down D. low
8. This leather bag is a real bargain! It’s ________ cheap!
A. bun B. dirt C. banana D. waste
9. Polly is the ________ of her father’s eye. He indulges her very whim.
A. pupil B. apple C. treasure D. jewel
10. He is speaking as if all of us ________ him very well.
A. could have heard B. had heard
C. could hear D. would hear
11. Unbreak My Heart was a hit by Toni Braxton, ________ a famous back American singer.
A. was B. to be C. being D. Ø
12. The only person ________ the crime was killed in an accident this morning.
A. to witness B. witnessed C. witness D. witnessing
13. The man was staggering from one side of the street to the other. He was ________ drunk.
A. deep B. hard C. strong D. blind
14. They will never return ________ they have found the boy.
A. while B. despite C. so that D. until
15. In the past, people thought that French was ________ English.
A. as much superior as B. more superior
C. superior than D. superior to
16. The companies appear ________ the water supply in this area for a long time.
A. to foul B. to be fouled
 C. to be fouling D. to have been fouling
17. ________ the new subject that almost no students passed the final term exam.
A. So was complex B. Complex was so
C. So complex was D. Was so complex
18. Up northwest of the US ________ of Washington, although the city of Washington D.C. is in the east.
A. the state is B. are the state C. is the state D. the state are
19. It is mandatory that smoking in public ________.
A. prohibited B. prohibit C. be prohibited D. is prohibited
20. ________ many people are very optimistic about economic growth in the next year.
A. Despite the fact that the economy is going down
B. But for the economy is going down
C. On account of the fact that the economy is going down
D. Before entering the water
III. READING COMPREHENSION (20pts)
Reading 1: (10pts)
Read the passage and answer the questions which follow by choosing the best suggestion.
In seventeenth-century colonial North America, all day-to-day cooking was done in the fireplace. Generally
large, fireplaces were planned for cooking as well as for warmth. Those in the Northeast were usually four or
five feet high, and in the South, they were often high enough for a person to walk into. A heavy timber called
the mantel tree was used as a lintel to support the stonework above the fireplace opening. This timber might be
scorched occasionally, but it was far enough in front of the rising column of heat to be safe from catching fire.
Two ledges were built across from each other on the inside of the chimney. On these rested the ends of a
“lug pole” from which pots were suspended when cooking. Wood from a freshly cut tree was used for the lug
pole, so it would resist heat, but it had to be replaced frequently because it dried out and charred, and was thus
weakened. Sometimes the pole broke and the dinner fell into the fire. When iron became easier to obtain, it was
used instead of wood for lug poles, and later fireplaces had pivoting metal rods to hang pots from.
Beside the fireplace and built as part of it was the oven. It was made like a small, secondary fireplace with a
flue leading into the main chimney to draw out smoke. Sometimes the door of the oven faced the room, but
most ovens were built with the opening facing into the fireplace. On baking days (usually once or twice a
week) a roaring fire of “oven wood,” consisting of brown maple sticks, was maintained in the oven until its
walls were extremely hot.
The embers were later removed, bread dough was put into the oven, and the oven was sealed shut until the
bread was fully baked.
Not all baking was done in a big oven, however. Also used was an iron “bake kettle,” which looked like a
stewpot on legs and which had an iron lid. This is said to have worked well when it was placed in the fireplace,
surrounded by glowing wood embers, with more embers piled on its lid.
1. Which of the following aspects of domestic life in colonial North America does the passage mainly
discuss?
A. Methods of baking bread
B. Fireplace cooking
C. The use of iron kettles in a typical kitchen.
D. The types of wood used in preparing meals
2. The author mentions the fireplaces built in the South to illustrate ________.
A. how the materials used were similar to the materials used in northeastern fireplaces.
B. that they served diverse functions.
C. that they were usually larger than northeastern fireplaces.
D. how they were safer than northeastern fireplaces.
3. The word “scorched” in line 5 is closest in meaning to ________.
A. burned B. cut C. enlarged D. bent
4. The word “it” in line 5 refers to ________.
A. the stonework B. the fireplace opening
C. the mantel tree D. the rising column of heat
5. According to the passage, how was food usually cooked in a pot in the seventeenth century?
A. By placing the pot directly into the fire.
B. By putting the pot in the oven.
C. By filling the pot with hot water.
 D. By hanging the pot on a pole over the fire.
6. The word “obtain” in line 11 is closest in meaning to ________.
A. maintain B. reinforce C. manufacture D. acquire
7. Which of the following is mentioned in paragraph 2 as a disadvantage of using a wooden lug pole?
A. It was made of wood not readily available.
B. it was difficult to move or rotate.
C. It occasionally broke.
D. It became too hot to touch.
8. It can be inferred from paragraph 3 that, compared to other firewood, “oven wood” produced
A. less smoke B. more heat C. fewer embers D. lower flames
9. According to paragraph 3, all of the following were true of a colonial oven EXCEPT:
A. It was used to heat the kitchen every day.
B. It was built as part of the main fireplace.
C. The smoke it generated went out through the main chimney.
D. It was heated with maple sticks.
10. According to the passage, which of the following was an advantage of a “bake kettle”?
A. It did not take up a lot of space in the fireplace.
B. it did not need to be tightly closed.
C. It could be used in addition to or instead of the oven.
D. it could be used to cook several foods at one time.
Reading 2: (10pts)
ECO-TOURISM
If you still believe the once-commonly held misconception that tourism is only an indulgence for the
wealthy, you are out of step with the times! The tourism market is accessible to, and indeed marketed toward,
many different sections of the community. Adventurers, fitness freaks, nature-lovers and business people all
contribute to a rapidly expanding sector of the global economy.
Section A
This billion-dollar industry, whilst affected slightly by the unforeseen events of 11 September 2001, has
experienced significantly growth since the late 1980s. This subsequent economic benefits for governments are
well-documented as tourism boots foreign investment and foreign exchange. Large-scale resorts and civil
infrastructure were often the only response to successful marketing and increased tourist demand. It is not
surprising then that the direct impact on the environment and regional or indigenous populations became a
contentious issue. Governments and big business became the target of environmentalists and activists who
argued that mass tourism was not (and is not) sustainable. As hordes of tourists descended on often
overcrowded beaches and overused parklands, this became apparent. Eco-tourism was born.
Section B
The broad concept of eco-tourism as a nature-based, culturally sensitive form of tourism was taken up
enthusiastically because there appeared to be few losers. Governments were given a convenient escape route as
eco-tourism appeased the environmentalists and local communities, but still provided income.
Environmentalists saw eco-tourism as an alternative to mass tourism and its resource-exploiting ways. Local
communities envisaged receiving at least a percentage of the tourists dollars, creating job opportunities and
giving them control over the impact on their own communities. It seemed that the benefits of mass tourism
were going to be expanded in the new world of eco-tourism to include cultural, social and environmental
elements.
Section C
As evidence of the benefits of eco-tourism unfolded, the practice has spread. So much so that the United
Nations nominated 2002 as the International Year of Eco-tourism. Perhaps inevitably, the meaning of eco-
tourism became less clear as it enveloped the globe. It could be argued that the form of eco-tourism adopted in
some case was found wanting in certain aspects and the need for agreement on a tighter definition resulted.
The eco-tourist is one who does not wish to contribute to the negative impact of large-scale tourism. He/she
generally travels in small groups to low-key developments and attempts to “tread lightly” on the earth. These
smaller-scale developments are environmentally responsible with a view to sustainability in all of the resources
used. Their landscaping often relies on the use of native flora and they incorporate recycling methods and
energy-efficient practices.
Within the eco-tourist’s holiday experience will be an element of education about the local environment.
The emphasis is on conservation and the part that humans play in keeping ecosystems functioning, if the area is
of cultural or social importance, this too is highlighted.
The eco-tourist doesn’t condone the exploitation of the indigenous or local community. Far from it, they
insist that the host culture is acknowledged and respected. The repatriation of funds to external sources is
frowned upon. Where possible, the benefits of an eco-tourist’s holiday should be shared with the regional
community - the hosts.
Section D
All of these elements promote minimal impact on human resources as well as on physical, cultural and
environmental ones. They support conservation through education and experience.
Despite the best of intentions, as popularity of eco-tourism spreads there is concern that the eco-tourist will
have a more adverse effect on the environment.
Critics argue that unethical tour operators wanting to take advantage of the trendy eco-tourism market print
brochures that espouse the ethics of eco-tourism and show familiar emblems of green frogs and crocodiles to
promote themselves but do little else. If such operators are not held accountable, the industry will not survive.
Open and honest eco-tourism marketing as well as world-recognised accreditation must be endorsed and
implemented.
The sheer volume of tourists wanting to visit unique, unspoiled environments is also a cause for concern.
Evidence of the need to restrict the number of visitors to sensitive areas exists in many eco-tourist attractions
already. Hikers and bush walkers in Mount Kenya National Park have caused damage by straying from set
trails and leaving food scraps behind. The number of Orca whales visiting Canada has declined in recent
migratory seasons, as the restrictions placed on whale-watching boats and organizers are thought to be
inadequate.
Section E
Eco-tourism does not guarantee sustainable tourism and it should not be viewed as a complete cure for the
problems that have beset tourism. Until all stakeholders agree to a definition of eco-tourism, insist that eco-
tourism operators abide by a strict code of ethics and carefully monitor the impact of eco-tourism (and all
tourism), fragile ecosystems will continue to be besieged by tourists. There must be an educational program to
promote ecologically-sustainable tourism across the board, so that the underlying principle in ALL forms of
tourism is the management of resources.
Eco-tourism can bring wealth to areas where there is nothing else but natural attractions. The reasons for
visiting The Galapagos Islands in Ecuador can only be explained by an interest in nature itself. The subsequent
tourist dollars, if re-injected into the community, cam mean the survival of such habitats. Licenses and entry
fees to some sites have, in many case, replaced government funding as their source of income.
Countries as diverse as Australia, New Zealand, Costa Rica and Kenya are developing strategies to identify
and cope with the constraints that inevitably come with a long-term vision of sustainable tourism. Eco-tourism
has played an important role in developing an awareness for sustainable tourism practices but governments,
tourist agencies and operators must be willing to join forces with eco-tourists to ensure that natural attractions
are protected from their own popularity.
Look at the list of headings below. Choose the most suitable heading for Section B to E.
(i) Eco-tourism Explained
(ii) The Appeal of Eco-tourism
(iii) Tourism Gives Birth to Eco-tourism
(iv) The Picture of Eco-tourism
(v) Questioning Sustainability
(vi) The Eco-tourist’s Itinerary
e.g. Section A (iii)
1. Section B ___________
2. Section C ___________
3. Section D ___________
4. Section E ___________
Complete the sentences below with words taken from the Reading passage. Use NO MORE THAN
THREE WORDS for each sentence.
5. Polluted, high density tourist destinations are proof that ________ cannot be allowed to continue.
6. Eco-tourism spread because ________ were obvious to environmental and government representatives as
well as cultural and social groups.
7. Eco-tourists choose to stay in ________ that do relatively less harm to the environment.
8. ________ can damage the eco-tourism industry and governments need to supervise them carefully.
9. The success of the Galapagos Island shows that ________ can be a magnet for tourists.
10. The eco-tourist agencies need to ________ of visitors to overcrowded areas.
IV. GUIDED, CLOZE TEST (10pts)
Read the following text and decide which word best fits each blank.
Stop the anti-aging process
In government laboratories and elsewhere, scientists are (1) ________ a drug able to prolong life and
youthful vigor. Studies of caloric restriction are showing the way. As researchers on aging have noted, no
treatment on the market today has been proved to slow human aging - the build-up of molecular and cellular
damage that increases (2) ________ to infirmity as we grow older. But one intervention, consumption of a low-
calorie yet nutritionally balanced diet, works incredibly well in a broad (3) ________ of animals, increasing
longevity and prolong good health. Those (4) ________ suggest that caloric restriction could (5) ________
aging in humans, too.
Unfortunately, for maximum benefit, people would probably have to reduce their caloric (6) ________ by
roughly 30 percent, (7) ________ to dropping from 2,500 calories a day to 1,750. Few mortals could stick to
that harsh a regimen, especially for years on end. But what if someone could create a pill that (8) ________ the
physiological effects of eating less without actually forcing people to go hungry? Could such a caloric-
restriction mimetic enable people to stay healthy longer, (9) ________ age-related disorders (such as diabetes,
atherosclerosis, heart disease and cancer) until very late in life?
The question was first (10) ________ in the mid-1990s, after a discovery of a chemical agent that, in
rodents, seemed to reproduce many of caloric restriction’s benefits. Since then the search has been going on for
a compound that would safely achieve the same feat in people. There has been no success yet, but the failures
have been informative and have fanned hope that caloric-restriction mimetics can indeed be developed
eventually.
1. A. searching B. pursuing C. questing D. seeking
2. A. vulnerability B. defence C. harmfulness D. inclination
3. A. range B. span C. number D. scope
4. A. deduction B. goals C. scores D. findings
5. A. detain B. suspend C. delay D. hold
6. A. digestion B. intake C. income D. processing
7. A. equivalent B. commensurate C. matching D. counterpart
8. A. mocked B. mimed C. mimicked D. mimicked
9. A. triggering B. canceling C. postponing D. rejecting
10. A. posed B. roused C. evoked D. enquired

B. WRITTEN TEST
I. Verb tenses/ forms (10pts)
1. “Do you know it’s Maggie’s birthday today?”
“Yes, she (have) ________ a party tonight.”
2. Kate (not go) ________ to the library, as they didn’t have the book for her. She could have called to ask
instead.
3. I think she is a great actress! I saw’ her (act) ________ in a play at the National Theatre last week. She held
the audience spellbound.
4. Rondall (kick) ________ the ball into the net and it is a goal!
5. Why don’t you ask Clare about the tropics? She (be) ________ to Thailan.
6. I didn’t know you didn’t eat meat. You ________ me earlier! I would have prepared something vegetarian
then.
7. They were so relieved when they found out the solution. They ________ it all the morning.
8. More and more people ________ online in the last few years.
9. Our consultant ________ the results of his advice by the end of this week.
10. Located in Canada, the Columbia Ice field ________ an area of 120 square miles.
II. Prepositions and phrasal verbs (10pts)
Put one suitable prepositional or adverbial particle in the blank of each sentence.
1. There are still some occurrences of strange behaviour among monkeys that biologists find difficult to
account ________.
2. Calculating the time of your journey to Prague, you will have to allow ________ the possible stops on the
way, for example to refuel your car or have some meals.
3. While Brian was working for the TRG company, he gained a huge experience ________ marketing, which
turned out to be extremely useful in his next job.
4. She has a real aptitude ________ photographing. Her photographs are so impressive.
5. Compulsive eaters often can’t resist their cravings ________ food, regardless of the time of day.
6. His decision to downshift and swap his managerial position for a less demanding one took everyone
________ surprise.
7. The doctor’s diagnosis is that the patient’s neurosis has been brought ________ by frequent overwork.
8. You can go and buy the tickets for us and I’ll see ________ the luggage until you get back.
9. Adolescents rarely trust professional counselor and choose to confide ________ their peers.
10. If you don’t comply ________ the rules of the games, the referee may award a penalty against you.
III. Word forms (10pts)
Use the correct form of each of the words given in parentheses to fill in the blank.
In an effort to escape from their hectic and (0. MATERIALISM) ________ city lives, more and more
Northern Europeans are buying houses in rural areas of France, Spain, Italy and Greece. Some relocate
permanently in search of a more (1. MEANING) ________ existence. Those who cannot afford to give up their
jobs seek a (2. THF1RAPY) ________ respite from their (3. STRESS) ________ lifestyle by relaxing for a few
weeks each year in their second home in the sun.
However, many of those who relocate permanently find that life in the country is not as quiet and (4.
EVENT) ________ as they had anticipated. Aspects of village life which seemed delightfully (5.
ATMOSPHERE) ________ in the context of a two-week holiday can grate on the nerves when you live with
them on a daily basis. Recently a group of British residents in an Italian village took locals farmers to court
because they found the small of the villagers’ pig (6. DISTASTE) ________ In other cases, foreigners have
complained to neighbours about the (7. ENTHUSIASM) ________ early-morning crowing of their cockerels,
or to village priests about the regular tolling of church bells.
Understandably, the local inhabitants are somewhat (8. RESENT) ________ these attitudes. They argue
that the foreigners have an (9. REALIST) ________ view of what country life is like and that, since no-one
forced them to come and live in a village, they are being (10. HYPOCRITE) ________ by now complaining
about the inconveniences of rural life.
IV. ERROR IDENTIFICATION (10pts)
There are 10 mistakes in the passage. Find and correct them.
CHILDHOOD
Childhood used to (0) being quite different from where it is today. The young people didn’t use to have so
many leisure time. Today’s children may complain to their schoolwork, but our great-grand parents would go
out to work in a very young age. They had often left the school by the time they were fourteen and found a
work. This meant that they had little free time for hobbies or leisure activity, especially when they had been
working hard all day. Of course, they got used to work long hours eventually, but it would mean that they had
to grow very quickly. Today, we are used to having some free time do things we enjoy, a luxury’ people in the
past rarely had.
V. OPEN CLOZE TEST (10pts)
Fill each of the numbered blanks in the passage with ONE suitable word.
Homework
The homework question is (0) ____as____ old as it is difficult to answer. Educators in Britain have been
arguing about it (1) ________ homework became commonplace in the mid-19th century. Any time the
public has voiced concern about falling educational standards, schools have responded by assigning more
homework. Eventually they give one assignment too many, then there is an outcry about the cruelty of it all.
Schools respond by assigning (2) ________ homework until one day (3) ________ asks why standards are
dropping, draws the (4) ________ that more homework is needed and the pendulum swings (5) ________
again.
Although primary schools are (6) ________ no obligation to assign homework, the current government
guidelines (7) ________ that children in the first three years of primary school do one hour of homework a
week, while children in years five and six should be assigned half an hour daily. However, a 1999 study carried
out at Durham University found there was no evidence that homework in primary schools boosted academic
performance, and (8) ________ evidence that it might even cause harm. There is also widespread concern in
the profession that badly-constructed homework policies could (9) ________ to a widening of the (10)
________ between children with educated parents and children whose parents left school early.
VI. SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION (20 pts)
Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it is as similar as possible in meaning to the
sentence printed before it.
1. Since they couldn’t find enough money for their project, they decided to delay it.
They_______________________________________________________________________
2. I can’t come to her wedding next Saturday night.
In no way___________________________________________________________________
3. Hawaii is said to have the most beautiful beaches in the world.
No beaches_________________________________________________________________
4. If they offered you the scholarship, would you accept?
Were______________________________________________________________________
For each of the following sentences, write a new sentence as similar as possible in meaning to the original
sentence, but using the word given in capital letters. Theses words must not be altered in any way.
5. They tried to deceive me, but I discovered their true intentions and realized that they wanted to rob me of
my money. (THROUGH)
___________________________________________________________________________
6. You should persuade your brother-in-law to buy this car because it is such a bargain. (TALK)
___________________________________________________________________________
7. The price was exorbitant! Pm afraid the advertising agency really overcharged you for the commercial.
(RIP)
___________________________________________________________________________
8. The legal advisors of the two companies met to prepare the initial version of the partnership contract. (UP)
___________________________________________________________________________
9. He is just a budding playwright, but he has already his own theatre company and they are performing a play
in our city next week. (ON).
___________________________________________________________________________
10. Unfortunately, there are still a lot of instances of xenophobia in the world and people of different origins are
often despised in both their professional and their private lives. (LOOK)
___________________________________________________________________________
 PRACTICE TEST 9-KEY
I. PHONOLOGY (10pts)
Pronunciation
1. C 2. B 3. D 4. D 5. D
Stress pattern
6. A 7. B 8. B 9. C 10. C
II. VOCABULARY AND STRUCTURE (20pts)
1. D 2. D 3. B 4. D 5. A 6. A 7. C 8. B 9. C 10. C
11. D 12. B 13. B 14. B 15. A 16.C 17.B 18. B 19. D 20 C
III.READING
Reading 1: (10 pts)
1. C 2. D 3. D 4. A 5. B 6. B 7. D 8. D 9. B 10. C
Reading 2: (10 pts)
1. E 2. J 3. F 4. A 5. K 6. D 7. B 8. L 9. H 10. C
IV. GUIDED CLOZE TEST (10 pts)
1. B 2. A 3. C 4. D 5. B 6. A 7. C 8. D 9. D 10. A
B. WRITTEN TEST
I. VERB TENSES/FORMS (10pts)
1. shouldn’t/ oughtn’t have written - have been - haven’t had
- should/would have telephoned - have forgot(ten)
2. Stood - trying - not to weep - heard - climbing
II. PREPOSITIONS AND PHRASAL VERBS (10 pts)
1. about 2. Through 3. out 4. Around 5. with
6. down 7. Behind 8. out 9. off 10 into
III.WORD FORMS (10 pts)
1. misjudged 2. Guarantor 3. Victimized 4. tastefully
5. explorative/ exploratory 6. untreated 7. Disadvantaged
8. ex-prisoners 9. Additives 10. enthusiastically
IV. ERROR IDENTIFICATION (10 pts)
1. therefore → however 2. although despite
3. like → as 4. common→ commonly
5. classifying → classified 6. flowered → flowering
7. With → For 8. replant → be replanted
9. last → least 10. that → X
V. OPEN CLOZE TEST (10 pts)
1. themselves 2. who 3. Declared 4. Completely 5. expressed
6. for 7. had 8. sure 9. become/be 10. be
VI. SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION (20 pts)
1. He is making quite a name for himself as an interviewer.
2. It’s not your obligation to do it if you don’t want to.
3. The staff did not take to the new boss at all.
4. He left the stage to the accompaniment of loud applause.
5. I’m telling you this for fear that you might make a mistake.
6. I am beginning to get more and more annoyed by his behaviour.
7. Urgent action must be taken to solve the problem of homelessness.
8. The annual rainfall in/for the northeast of Britain is higher than that in the southeast.
9. The very thought of his face at that moment makes me laugh.
10. Births rather than deaths lead to/ cause/ result in the high proportion of the old.
_
 PRACTICE TEST 10-KEY

A. MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

I. PHONOLOGY (10pts)
1. D 2. B 3. C 4. A 5. C 6. A 7. D 8. D 9. A 10. A
II. VOCABULARY & STRUCTURE (20pts)
1. A 2. C 3. A 4. D 5. D 6. C 7. C 8. B 9. B 10. C
11. D 12. A 13. D 14. D 15. D 16. D 17. C 18. C 19. C 20. A
III. READING COMPREHENSION (20pts)
Reading 1: (10pts)
1. B 2. C 3. A 4. C 5. D 6. D 1. C 8. B 9. A 10. C
Reading 2: (10pts) .
1. (ii) 2. (i) 3. (v) 4. (iv) 5. mass tourism
6. the benefits/ the advantages 7. low-key/ smaller-scale developments
IV. GUIDED, CLOZE TEST (10pts)
1. D 2. D 3. A 4. D 5. C 6. B 7. A 8. C 9. C 10. A
B. WRITTEN TEST
I. VERB TENSES/ FORMS (10pts)
1. is having 2. needn’t have gone 3. act 4. kicks 5. has been
6. should have told 7. had been looking for 8. have been shopping/ have shopped
9. will have known 10. covers
II. PREPOSITIONS AND PHRASAL VERBS (10pts)
1. for 2. for 3. in 4. for 5. for 6. by 7. on 8. to 9. in 10. with
III.WORD FORMS (10pts)
1. meaningful 2. therapeutic 3. stressful 4. uneventful 5. atmospheric
6. distasteful 7. enthusiastic 8. resentful 9. unrealistic 10. hypocritical
IV. ERROR IDENTIFICATION (10ptSyl
1. where → what 2. The young people → Young people
3. many → much 4. to → about
5. in at 6. the school → school
7. work → job 8. activity activities
9. work→ working 10. grow → grow up
V. OPEN CLOZE TEST (10pts)
1. since 2. less 3. someone 4. conclusion 5. back
6. under 7. recommend/suggest 8. some 9. lead 10. gap
VI. SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION (20 pts)
1. They decided to delay their project due to the bad weather.
2. In no way can I come to her wedding next Saturday.
3. No beaches in the world are said to be more beautiful than those in Hawaii.
4. Were they to offer you the scholarship, would you accept?
5. They tried to deceive me, but I saw through their true intentions and realized that they wanted to rob me of
my money.
6. You should talk your brother-in-law into buying this car because it is such a bargain.
7. The price was exorbitant! I’m afraid the advertising agency really ripped you off for the commercial.
8. The legal advisors of the companies met to draw up the initial version of the partnership contract.
9. He is just a budding playwright, but he has already his own theatre company and they are putting on a play
in our city next week.
10. Unfortunately, there are still a lot of instances of xenophobia in the world and people of different origins are
often looked down on in both their professional and their private lives.