Biology Grade 12 Unit One (Microbiology)
Biology Grade 12 Unit One (Microbiology)
Biology Grade 12 Unit One (Microbiology)
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The major components of a virus are:
• Nucleic acid core. The nucleic acid core can either be DNA or RNA that makes up
the genetic information (genome) of the virus. RNA genomes only occur in viruses.
• Capsid. A capsid is the protein coat that encapsulates a virus and protects the nucleic
acid from the environment. It also plays a role in how some viruses attach to a host
cell. A capsid consists of one or more proteins that are unique to the virus and
Virology determine the shape of the virus. Capsid is made of repeating sub-unit called
1.3. What are viruses? capsomers.
A virus (Latin name coined by Martinus W. Bijernick , in 1898, meaning ” Envelope. An envelope is a membrane bilayer that some viruses have outside their
poisonous fluid.”) capsid. If a virus does not have an envelope, the virus is called a naked virus.
Because the envelope remain on the surface of infected cells, they become
detected (recognized) by killer cells of immune system, and then killer cells
destroy infected cells.
The cycle of infection, reproduction, and destruction of infected cells
repeated itself for as long as the body keep-replacing the CD4 lymphocytes.