II.

MANAGEMENT AND LEADERSHIP CONCEPTS:

* Management style:
There are three broad categories of management styles: Autocratic, democratic and laissez-faire.
1. Autocratic management styles:
Autocratic leadership is a management style wherein one person controls all the decisions in a company.
This kind of the executives follows a top-down methodology, with single direction correspondence from
supervisors to representatives.

2. Democratic management style:

In this style, the managers encourage employees to provide input in the decision-making process but
take responsibility for the final decision.
This process allows a wide variety of ideas, skills
 make a decision.

3. Laissez-faire management style:

This kind of the executives follows a top-down
methodology, with single direction
correspondence from supervisors to representatives.
Management is only involved during the process if the staff requests their support.

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 *

Leadership Style:
There are 8 style of Leadership including:
 Democratic Leadership
 Autocratic Leadership
 Laissez-Faire Leadership
 Strategic Leadership
 Transformational Leadership
 Transactional Leadership
 Coach-Style Leadership
 Bureaucratic Leadership
In these 8 styles of leadership, the first three styles are similar to management style, so the following
analysis will briefly cover the first three styles and analyze the remaining styles in depth:

1. Democratic Leadership:
Commonly Effective
Democratic leadership is actually what it seems like - the pioneer settles on choices dependent on the
contribution of each colleague.
2. Autocratic Leadership:
Rarely Effective

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Autocratic leadership is the inverse of democratic leadership. In this leadership style, the pioneer settles
on choices without taking contribution from any individual who reports to them.
3. Laissez-Faire Leadership:
Sometimes Effective
Although laissez-faire leadership can enable representatives by believing them to work anyway they'd
like, it can restrict their turn of events and ignore basic organization development openings.
4. Strategic Leadership:
Commonly Effective
Strategic Leadership is the ability to influence others to voluntarily make decisions that enhance the
prospects for the organization's long-term success while maintaining short-term financial stability.

5. Transformational Leadership:
Sometimes Effective
Employees may have a basic set of tasks and goals they complete weekly or monthly, but the leader
continually introduces more challenging goals for the employee to grow over time.

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 6. Transactional Leadership:
Sometimes Effective
These leaders often guild their employees for doing well toward goals by clarifying role and task
requirements. Based on that, employees will have better productivity and feel better treated in the
company.

7.
Coach-Style Leadership:
Commonly Effective

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Managers with this leadership style can help employees improve their weaknesses by assigning them
new tasks for them to try, guide them or to learn from, learn from better employees for more
experience.

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 8. Bureaucratic Leadership:
Rarely Effective
This style of leadership can listen to and consider an employee's input - unlike autocratic leadership - but
the leader is more likely to decline an employee's input if it goes against company’s policy.

Management vs Leadership Characteristics:

Leadership and management are two separate and independent concepts, but based on the parent
concept of these two issues, we can see their enduring connection. In the same company system, we can
see the difference and similarity between a director and a manager. Both must control the output quality
of the product. However, the task of the leadership is to find the right direction to lead both the

6
personnel and the factory and the whole system, while the management only needs to control the
personnel underneath and the quality of product output and report to higher levels when risks may
arise. Leadership and management can coexist in a leadership position or exist separately in the
organizational system. These two concepts are flexibly interchangeable or complementary. For example,
multinational companies will often have separate advertising policies for each country, to match race,
color, religion, the leadership side gives instructions to the management of each country and let them
propose different options for their branch, then review these options and instruct them to implement
those options. Or is the organization system of Nokia, Mr. Jorma Ollila has won many awards when
successfully leading this group, the key is that he is not only interested in the performance or the
product market but also interested in the lower management level. A good leader is a leader who is in
the right direction of the organization and who knows how to manage and control every move in the
organization to address potential risks.
 The relationship of leader and manager is flexible and complementary.

REFERENCES:
1. Management style: https://www.valamis.com/hub/management-styles [Accessed Jan 22,2021]
2. Management Characteristics: https://www.slideshare.net/EjazAhmedAnjum/management-styles-
63671733 [Accessed Jan 22, 2021]
3. Example of Autocratic Management style: https://aminbles.blogspot.com/1972/12/authoritarian-
leadership-manager-should.html [Accessed Jan 22, 2021]
4. Example of Democratic management style: https://online.stu.edu/articles/education/democratic-
participative-leadership.aspx#:~:text=Examples%20of%20leaders%20who%20exhibit,vision%20of%20the
%20company's%20future. [Accessed Jan 22, 2021]
5. Example of Laissez-faire management style: https://www.wgu.edu/blog/what-laissez-faire-
leadership2006.html#:~:text=Examples%20of%20laissez%2Dfaire%20leadership.&text=The%20examples
%20include%3A,successful%20with%20this%20leadership%20approach. [Accessed Jan 22, 2021]
6. Leadership style: https://blog.hubspot.com/marketing/leadership-styles [Accessed Jan 22, 2021]

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7. Example of Strategic Leadership: https://study.com/academy/lesson/strategic-leadership-definition-
characteristics-examples.html#:~:text=A%20great%20example%20of%20a,receive%20honest%20and
%20open%20feedback. [Accessed Jan 22, 2021]
8.Example of Transformational Leadership: https://palawanboard.com/the-theory-of-leadership-dates-
back-to-the-1920s-when-an-interest-in-management-as-a-science-began-to-appear-for-the-first-time/
[Accessed Jan 28, 2021]
9. Example of Transactional Leadership: https://heartrepreneur.com/transactional-leadership/
[Accessed Jan 22, 2021]
10. Example of Coach-Style Leadership:
https://www.edenproject.com/learn/for-organisations/creative-leadership/what-is-coaching-
leadership#:~:text=One%20particular%20famous%20coaching%20leader,Zuckerberg%20and%20Apple's
%20Steve%20Jobs. [Accessed Jan 22, 2021]
11. Example of Bureaucratic Leadership: https://www.startingbusiness.com/blog/bureaucratic-examples
[Accessed Jan 22, 2021]
12. Differences between Management and Leadership: https://hbr.org/2013/08/tests-of-a-leadership-
transiti#:~:text=Management%20consists%20of%20controlling%20a,managers%2C%20not%20power
%20and%20control.
https://www.nextgeneration.ie/blog/2018/03/the-difference-between-leadership-and-management
https://keydifferences.com/difference-between-leadership-and-management.html
[Accessed Jan 23, 2021]
13. Link between Management and Leadership: Copyright © 2016, the Authors. Published by Atlantis
Press. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities
Research, volume 63