Dalocha Well

SNNPRS WATER MINES & ENERGY
DEVELOPMENT BUREAU
WATER WELL COMPLETION REPORT

OF DALOCHA BH- NO. 1 DALOCHA TOWN,
SILTI ZONE,
SNNP REGIONAL STATE
ANBU GEOTECH & DRILLING P.L.C
ADDIS ABABA, ETHIOPIA
May, 2020
SNNPRS , Silti Zone, Dalocha Town water Supply project
Well Completion Report 2020
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................................... 3
2 LOCATION AND ACCESSIBILITY......................................................................................... 3
Table 1: GPS Coordinate of the Borehole...............................................................................3
3 OBJECTIVE AND SCOPE OF THE WORK............................................................................3
4 MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT............................................................................................ 4
Table 2: Drilling Rig, Equipment and Accessories...................................................................4
5 DRILLING AND COMPLETION HISTORY........................................................................5
5.1 DRILING HISTORY OF THE WELL..............................................................................5
6. FORMATION SAMPLING............................................................................................. 5
7. CASING DESIGN AND WELL COMPLETION...............................................................6
Table 3: LITHOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION OF THE WELL........................................................6
8. WELL DEVELOPMENT, CLEANING & WELL HEAD CONSTRUCTION......................7
9. PUMPING TEST.................................................................................................................... 8
9.1 PURPOSE...................................................................................................................... 8
9.2 EQUIPMENT USED....................................................................................................... 8
10 DATA RECORDING AND INTERPRETATION...............................................................9
10.1 METHODOLOGY........................................................................................................... 9
10.2 PUMPING TEST OPERATION AND ANALYSIS............................................................9
11 SUMMARY OF WELL DATA............................................................................................. 11
12. WATER QUALITY ANALYSIS.......................................................................................... 11
Table-10: Water Chemistry Data Verification of DALOCHA Bh # 1 Borehole............12
13 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION..........................................................................13
ANNEX 1: WELL CONSTRUCTION....................................................................................16
ANNEX 2: ELECTRICAL LOGGING.......................................................................................... 17
ANNEX 3: PUMPING TEST ANALYSIS......................................................................................21
ANNEX 4: WATER QUALITY ANALYSIS..................................................................................27
ANNEX 5: WATER QUALITY LABRATORY TEST RESULT...................................................28
ANBU GEO TECH & DRILLING DRILLING PLC.

Tel: 251-118-69-04-71/0930033656 Email: Anbugeotechand [email protected]
Page 2
1. INTRODUCTION
Following the contract agreement made on January 10, 2020 between the SNNPRS WATER
MINES and ENERGY DEVELOPMENT BUREAU and ANBU GEO TECH &
DRILLING P.L.C, for the drilling and construction of two deep wells for Dalocha town
water supply and sanitation project at Silti zone. Out of these we have completed Dalocha
BH-1 successfully. This report is part of the agreement and present work activities
enumerated in the bill of quantities, provides a description of the following:
Location and accessibility
Drilling methodology
Machinery and equipment
Drilling history
Formation sampling and casing design
Well development and cleaning
Pump test operation, pump test methodology, and data processing
Water quality analysis
Conclusion and recommendation
2 LOCATION AND ACCESSIBILITY

The project site is located in Dalocha town, Silti , Zone of SNNP Regional State. The zone capital
city Worabe town is is located around 176 km far from Addis Ababa on Addiss Ababa- Butajira-
Worabe High way and Dalocha town is situated around 10kms far from worabe town on Worabe –
Dalocha all weather gravel road . The site is located Dalocha town around 2-3 Kms far fom the center
of Dalocha town on dry weather road.
Table 1: GPS Coordinate of the Borehole

GPS Location
Depth
No. North East Elevation
Well Name (m)
(m.a.s.l)
1 Dalocha BH-1 415293 860152 1942 277

Page 3
3 OBJECTIVE AND SCOPE OF THE WORK
The contractor used Truck mounted PRD Indian made drilling machine to drill the well. The
drilling commenced using 20" drag bit to drill the formation up to 30m. Then sanitary
surface casing of 18" internal diameter was lowered up to 30mts depth in order to prevent
collapse of the top loose and unstable formations. Then drilling was continued with Mud
Rotary drilling system 171/2" TC bit, which is attached to the lower end of a drill pipe to
transmit the rotation action and power from the rig to the drill bit to the depth of 190mts
and by 121/2’’ up to from 300m.
Cuttings were removed with continuous flow of water as the Rock bit penetrates the
formations. The flowing water of the Rotary method is pumped via the drill pipe and out
through the ports of the cylinder and bit, the water and foam then jets upwards in the annular
space between the hole and drill pipe, carrying all cuttings in suspension to the surface. At the
surface, the water with cuttings is collected in a container.
Detail information on drilling operation was recorded on daily drilling report that included
depth achieved, penetration rate at 2m depth interval and drilling smoothness and regularity.
The procedures that were followed during the construction and completion of the well are:
Drilling using appropriate drilling techniques
Collection of samples at reasonable depth interval
Litho logical logging, identification of the aquifer portion of the well
Installation of casings at appropriate depth with surface casing
Packing of well-rounded basaltic river gravel
Cleaning and development
Pump test operation
Grouting
Well head construction (trapezium type)
4 MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT
In order to undertake the water well drilling and construction works, the contractor
deployed the following machineries, equipment accessories on the project site.
Table 2: Drilling Rig, Equipment and Accessories

No Description Qty Capacity
Truck mounted PRD Indian made Speed Star
1 rotary/DTH rig. 1 Unit 600mts
2 Compressor Mounted on a separate truck 1 Unit 300 Psi
Page 4
3 Drill Pipe 60 Unit 6m length each pieces

4 Drill bit Steel tooth and/or Tungsten Carbide Bits 22 ½ , 20 ½ , 17 ½’’,14
8 Unit 1/2”, 12’’, 8’’ & 6’’
12 " , 10 " & 8 " OD steel casing (Screen and
5/8 5/8 5/8
5 Blind) 150 Unit 5.8m length per pieces

6 Temporary Surface casing of 18" ID 10 unit 6m length per pieces
7 TATA Truck 1 unit 4 Ton
8 HIlux Double Cabin 1 unit 4 seat
9 Electric power generator 1 unit 160KVA
10 Various plumbing, Electrical and mechanical tools Set 2 sets
11 Deep meter (M-scope) 1 Unit 350mts
12 V-Notch and calibrated Barrel 2 Pieces
5 DRILLING AND COMPLETION HISTORY
Truck mounted PRD Indian made Speed Star DTH/ MUD Rotary Rig equipped with mud
pump has a capacity to drill up to 600m depth with all drilling and cleaning tools was
deployed to perform the drilling work.
5.1 DRILING HISTORY OF THE WELL
Drilling has carried out from February 07, 2020 2 up to April 29,2020 Drilling
started using 20 1/2" Tc bit to drill up to 30m. Then 18" surface casing had been
installed to the depth of 30mts afterward 12’’ Hammer bit was used to drill up to 300m.
Then the contractor was rimmed the borehole using 171/2” Tc bit from 30m to 190m.
The production casing was installed up to 277m.
The annular space between the casing and the wall of the hole was filled with river
gravel as filter media up to 6m below the surface. The gravel is clean, well rounded and
consists of graded size fraction in the range of 6mm to 9mm. The gravel was filled in
slowly from the surface, taking due precaution to prevent bridging. The well was then
cleaned and developed by air technique until the damage done to the borehole during
drilling was corrected and permeability around well screen is improved.
At the well completion, the annular spaces above gravel pack were sealed with cement
grout and wellhead as per the design was constructed around the surface casing for
sanitary protection.

Page 5
6. FORMATION SAMPLING
The rock cuttings were collected every two and half meter interval during drilling and
were placed in a labeled sample box. The samples were described together with the rate
of drilling. The Lithological description includes type of rock, degree of weathering and
fracturing, texture, sorting, grain arrangement etc. These data were used to determine the
drilling depth, delineate water bearing zones, understand sub surface conditions and
design the position of screen casings. The Lithological log of the well is shown in
ANNEX I.
7. CASING DESIGN AND WELL COMPLETION
The aquifer portion of the well was identified with Lithological logging and Electrical
Logging. Accordingly casing arrangement was designed for proper placement. Screen
and Blind casings were lowered in such a way that there would be free passage of
groundwater from aquifer to the well so that the maximum possible amount of water can
be extracted from the well. Steel screen casings with outer diameter of 125/8’’ & 8 5/8"
were installed parallel to the most permeable strata while the remaining depth was cased
with 125/8’’ & 8 5/8" steel blind casing. The casing was extended for about 1.0m above
the ground level to protect the well from contaminants interring to the well. Litho logical
logging was conducted to identify the aquifer portion of the well. The Litho logical
Description of the well is described as follows:
Table 3: LITHOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION OF THE WELL

Depth (m)
From To Litho logical Description
0 4 Top soil
4 10 Massive Ignimbrite
10 26 Tuff
26 36 Pumice
36 48 Tuff
48 56 Paleosoil
56 60 Tuff
60 68 Moderately Fractured Basalt
68 76 Highly Fractured Basalt
76 80 Slightly Fractured Basalt
80 92 Fractured & Weathered Basalt
92 100 Moderately Fractured & Weathered Basalt
ANBU
100GEO TECH 104& DRILLING DRILLING PLC.
Gravel
104 114 Slightly Weathered Basalt Page 6
114 130 Highly Weathered Basalt
130 134 Massive Basalt
134 300 Circulation Loss
Based on the lithological logging, and electrical logging (please See the result at annex part
2)blind and screen casings were lowered in to their respective positions in the well. Casing
arrangement for this well is as follows:
Depth (m) 12 5/8" Steel casing

0+1.00 91.40 Blind
91.40 103.00 Screen
103.00 120.40 Blind
120.40 126.20 Screen
126.20 132.00 Blind
132.00 155.20 Screen
155.20 161.00 Blind
Depth (m) 8 5/8" Steel casing
161.00 178.40 Blind
178.40 190.00 Screen
190.00 201.60 Blind
201.60 207.40 Screen
207.40 213.20 Blind
213.20 224.80 Screen
224.80 230.60 Blind
230.60 248.00 Blind
248.00 253.80 Screen
253.80 265.40 Blind
265.40 277.00 Screen
277.00 294.00 Blind
After productive well installation, the annular space between the well and the casings was
packed with water worn gravel from bottom up to 6mts from the ground level. Up on
completion of casing installation well rounded, uniform size and Basaltic origin water
worn gravel was packed in the annular space between the well and casing to filter the

Page 7
water before entering into the well through the screen. The gravel has a diameter of
between 6 – 9m.
8. WELL DEVELOPMENT, CLEANING & WELL HEAD CONSTRUCTION
Following the completion of the drilling, casing installation and gravel packing, a proper
well development work was executed for the well using compressed air by stepping up
the delivery pipe setting depth from static water level to the final depth of the well. The
air was supplemented by foam to enable the suspended materials to be lifted easily. The
well was developed for till the water becomes silt free and crystal clean.
Finally, the top 6mts depth is grouted with cement concrete to protect the entrance of any
contaminating surface material into the well and trapezium type well head is constructed.
To know the depth of gravel packing and cement grout, please refer the geologic and
construction log at the Annex I attached.
9. PUMPING TEST
9.1 PURPOSE
Pumping test is conducted to determine the performance characteristics of a well and the
hydraulic parameters of the aquifer. For a well performance test, yield and drawdown are
recorded so that the specific capacity can be calculated. These data, taken under
controlled conditions, give a measure of the productive capacity of the completed well
and also provide information needed for the selection of pumping equipment. An
accurate pumping test of a well before the purchase of the pump enables us to use
optimum power and save on maintenance cost during the operation life of the well.
Pumping test serves many important purposes:
 Assessing the “design yield” of a well or aquifer;
 Assessing the groundwater quality through sampling;
 Obtaining information for pump selection;
 Obtaining information for pump installation level;
 Obtaining records for future supervision;
 Facilitating the maintenance of wells

Page 8
9.2 EQUIPMENT USED
The major equipments used are submersible pump [Make: CRI Pumps, Model: W6B – 300T,
Kw/HP: 37/30 50Hz A.C, powered by 188KVA diesel generator. The generating set was used
as a power source for the submersible pump is controlled by switchboard. Discharge
measurement was taken by a calibrated barrel and V-Notch. The water level is monitored by a
battery powered deep meter via pumping well.
10 DATA RECORDING AND INTERPRETATION
All the data obtained during pumping test were recorded on standard data format. The
data recorded were interpreted manually and with the software application. Aquifer test is
calculated after analysis of the pumping test data which was made using NEUMAN’s and
Theis & Jacob recovery methods. The pumping test data is processed and organized using
the aquifer test for windows software version 2.55 (Waterloo Hydrogeologic Inc.).
10.1 METHODOLOGY
Pumping test will not be accurate data unless the test carried out methodologically careful
recording time, discharge and depth. Although there are numerous methods of conducting
pumping test, the most commonly applied ones are provisional, Step draw down and
continuous tests mainly by constantly discharging water. The result of the constant
discharge test raw datum and its analysis is on the annex and the Pre test and extra pump
test that has been performed by the order of the Project manage has been shown on
Table2.
10.2 PUMPING TEST OPERATION AND ANALYSIS

9.5.1 HYDRAULIC PARAMETERS
I. Specific Capacity (C)

One of the parameters determined is the specific capacity of the well defined as the ratio
of discharge (Q) to the maximum drawdown (S). The specific capacity values were
computed using the constant discharge rate of 2980.80 m3/day and a total maximum
drawdown of 37.78 meter. Accordingly, the specific capacity of the well will be:
Specific capacity (C) = Q /S
= 2980.80m3/day
37.78m
= 78.90m2/day
Page 9
II. Transmissivity
Transmissivity (T) of the aquifer is computed using the constant discharge and
recovery test data.
Hantush – Jacob method has been applied to estimate the transmissivity based on
constant discharge test. The drawdown versus corresponding time (on full
logarithmic paper) is plotted, and then from the best-fit type curve Transmissivity (T’)
can be determined using the relation:
Transmissivity (T’) = Q W (u, r/L)

4П (ho-h)
= 79.20m2/day
Where ho-h: Draw down at match point
In case of the recovery test, the Theis & Jacob recovery method is using the relation,
Transmissivity (T”) = 2.3Q log (t/t’)
4Пs’
= 48.96m2/day
Where s’ – residual draw down in meters

t – time in days since pumping started
t’- time in days since pumping stopped
The actual transmissivity of the aquifer is the average value of T’ & T”.
Average Transmissity (T) = T’ + T”

Page 10
2
= 79.20m2/day + 48.96m2/day
2
= 64.08m2/day
V. Hydraulic Conductivity (K)
Taking in to account the combined thickness of the aquifer encountered (b) which is
fairly assumed to be the screened section of the well and average transmissivity value,
Hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer can be estimated as follows:
K = T/b
= 64.08m2/day
130.36m
= 0.50m/day
11 SUMMARY OF WELL DATA
 Well depth (m) – 300m

 Static water level (m) – 87.60
 Maximum dynamic water level (m) – 125.38
 Constant test pumping duration (Hrs) – 24
 Constant Recovery test duration (Hrs) – 2
 Test pump position (m) – 156m
 Well yield (l/sec) – 34.50
 Draw down (m) – 37.80
 Specific capacity (m2/day) – 78.90
 Transmissivity (m2/day) – 64.08
 Hydraulic conductivity (m/day) – 0.50

Page 11
12. WATER QUALITY ANALYSIS
Water quality encompasses physical and chemical aspects of water. These

properties determine the usefulness of water for a specific use in a given
area. The primary purpose of a water quality analysis is to determine the
suitability of water for a proposed use. The three main classes of use are
domestic (household), agricultural and industrial.
Water samples, which were collected from the site at the end of pumping
tests, were sent to the Water Works Design & Supervision Enterprise Water
Laboratory to determine physical and chemical parameters.
The measured physical and chemical parameters of the water lie within the
acceptable limits of the World Health Organization (W.H.O) water quality
standard. Therefore, the wells have potable water and are suitable for the
domestic and other intended purposes. The details of the water quality
analysis result of the well can be referred on the ANNEX-4.
12.1 ESTIMATING THE RELIABILITY OF SAMPLE ANALYSIS/DATA

VERIFICATION/
Every analysis should show as much as possible reasonable charge

balance. This means the sum of the positive and the negative charges in
the water must balance. For the solution to be electrically neutral there
has to be a charge balance between the major cations and anions which is
known as Electro Neutrality (EN) or ion balance.
Table-10: Water Chemistry Data Verification of Dalocha Borehole

No1
Ions mg/l Form Weight mmol/l Charge meq/l
(grams)
Ca2+ 0.00 40.08 0.00 2 0.00
Mg2+ 0.00 24.31 0.00 2 0.00
Na+ 109.00 22.99 4.75 1 4.75
K+ 9.50 39.10 0.25 1 0.25

Page 12
Σ 5.00
-
Cl 8 34.45 0.24 -1 -0.24
SO42- 2 96.06 0.02 -2 -0.04
HCO3- 287 61.02 4.71 -1 -4.71
NO3- 6.6 62.00 0.11 -1 -0.11
Σ -5.10
EN = Σ cations + Σ anions x 100

Σ cations - Σ anions
= 5.00 + (-5.10) x 100
5.00 – (-5.10)
= - 0.01%
From the above calculation, the chemical analysis which is related to ionic
composition is assumed to be acceptable since the ion balance percentage is
less than 5%.
12.2 PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION
Tables of data are the most forms in which the results of an analysis of water
chemistry are reported. The data is presented in graphical form and can be
expressed in milli equivallent per litre (meq/l). Graphical presentations of
analysis of the chemical quality of groundwater are useful for display purposes,
comparing analysis and emphasizing similarities and differences. Graphs can
also aid in detecting the mixing of waters of different composition and
identifying chemical processes occurring as groundwater moves through the
underground.
Among the different graphical presentations of chemical quality analysis, the

data is expressed in Stiff Diagram in order to show clearly the chemical
composition of the major cations and anions of the water sample.
The borehole has more of Sodium cation and bicarbonate anion.

The details of Stiff Diagram presentation can be referred on the ANNEX-4.

Page 13
13 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
The main water bearing formations zone of the borehole is fractured and weathered and
Fractured Basalt.
Sealing and grouting of the top few meters of the well including concrete wellhead
construction was performed in order to prevent contaminated water as well as other
foreign materials into the groundwater.
The well is cleaned and developed in order to remove the fine materials and drilling
fluids from the well so as to improve its yielding capacity. Nevertheless, it is
recommended to rehabilitate the well and inspect the pump at an interval of certain
service period which could be 4-5 years. This arrangement is useful in order to
protect the decline of the well efficiency through time.
Pumping test was conducted properly in order to determine the yielding capacity and
the type of pump that should be installed in the well. The constant rate pumping test
of discharge 34.50 lit/s was carried out for 24 hrs and the dynamic water level is at
125.38 m with a total drawdown of 37.80m.The water was recovered more than 98
% within 2 hrs.
With due consideration of the discharge capacity, draw down of the well, rate of
recovery , storage balance of the aquifer it is advisable to install a submersible
pump at a pumping position of 156 m with a capacity of about 35 l/sec .
Close supervision and monitoring of the pumping function and the whole water
supply system is very essential for proper operation.

Page 14
ANNEX:
 WELL CONSTRUCTION
 ELECTRICAL LOGGING
 TEST PUMPING DATA & ANALYSIS
 WATER QUALITY ANALYSIS
 WATER QUALITY LAB TEST
RESULT

Page 15

Page 16
ANNEX 1: WELL CONSTRUCTION

Page 17
ANNEX 2: ELECTRICAL LOGGING
Electrical Logging Curve of

DALOCHA BH #1
350
300
250
Depth in Meters
200
150
100
50
0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
Apparent Resisitivity in Ω-meters
Series2

Page 18

Page 19

Page 20

Page 21
ANNEX 3: PUMPING TEST ANALYSIS

Page 22

Page 23
ANNEX 3.1 Constant Pumping Test Data and Analysis

Page 24

Page 25

Page 26
ANNEX 3.2: Recovery of Constant Pumping Test Data and Analysis

Page 27

Page 28

Page 29
ANNEX 4: WATER QUALITY ANALYSIS

Page 30
ANNEX 5: WATER QUALITY LABRATORY TEST RESULT

Page 31

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SNNPRS WATER MINES & ENERGY

WATER WELL COMPLETION REPORT

ANBU GEOTECH & DRILLING P.L.C

ADDIS ABABA, ETHIOPIA

ANBU GEO TECH & DRILLING DRILLING PLC.

2 LOCATION AND ACCESSIBILITY

Table 1: GPS Coordinate of the Borehole

ANBU GEO TECH & DRILLING DRILLING PLC.

3 OBJECTIVE AND SCOPE OF THE WORK

Table 2: Drilling Rig, Equipment and Accessories

3 Drill Pipe 60 Unit 6m length each pieces

5 Blind) 150 Unit 5.8m length per pieces

5 DRILLING AND COMPLETION HISTORY

5.1 DRILING HISTORY OF THE WELL

ANBU GEO TECH & DRILLING DRILLING PLC.

7. CASING DESIGN AND WELL COMPLETION

Table 3: LITHOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION OF THE WELL

Depth (m) 12 5/8" Steel casing

ANBU GEO TECH & DRILLING DRILLING PLC.

8. WELL DEVELOPMENT, CLEANING & WELL HEAD CONSTRUCTION

Pumping test serves many important purposes:

 Assessing the “design yield” of a well or aquifer;

 Assessing the groundwater quality through sampling;

 Obtaining information for pump selection;

 Obtaining information for pump installation level;

 Obtaining records for future supervision;

 Facilitating the maintenance of wells

ANBU GEO TECH & DRILLING DRILLING PLC.

9.2 EQUIPMENT USED

10 DATA RECORDING AND INTERPRETATION

10.2 PUMPING TEST OPERATION AND ANALYSIS

I. Specific Capacity (C)

Transmissivity (T’) = Q W (u, r/L)

Where ho-h: Draw down at match point

Where s’ – residual draw down in meters

Average Transmissity (T) = T’ + T”

V. Hydraulic Conductivity (K)

11 SUMMARY OF WELL DATA

 Well depth (m) – 300m

ANBU GEO TECH & DRILLING DRILLING PLC.

12. WATER QUALITY ANALYSIS

Water quality encompasses physical and chemical aspects of water. These

12.1 ESTIMATING THE RELIABILITY OF SAMPLE ANALYSIS/DATA

Every analysis should show as much as possible reasonable charge

Table-10: Water Chemistry Data Verification of Dalocha Borehole

ANBU GEO TECH & DRILLING DRILLING PLC.

EN = Σ cations + Σ anions x 100

12.2 PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION

Among the different graphical presentations of chemical quality analysis, the

The borehole has more of Sodium cation and bicarbonate anion.

ANBU GEO TECH & DRILLING DRILLING PLC.

13 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

ANBU GEO TECH & DRILLING DRILLING PLC.

ANBU GEO TECH & DRILLING DRILLING PLC.

ANBU GEO TECH & DRILLING DRILLING PLC.

ANNEX 1: WELL CONSTRUCTION

ANBU GEO TECH & DRILLING DRILLING PLC.

ANNEX 2: ELECTRICAL LOGGING

Electrical Logging Curve of