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    Geographic Information System - Wikipedia

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    devi
    There are traditionally two broad methods for storing data in a GIS: raster images and vector data. A new hybrid method is point clouds, which combine 3D points with RGB information at each point to create a "3D color image". GIS maps are becoming more visually descriptive as a result. Data acquisition for GIS includes primary data capture through direct field measurement, secondary data capture by extracting information from existing sources, and data transfer of existing GIS data from other sources. Current trends include more accurate field data collection and mapping using mobile devices and drones.

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    Geographic Information System - Wikipedia

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    devi
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    There are traditionally two broad methods for storing data in a GIS: raster images and vector data. A new hybrid method is point clouds, which combine 3D points with RGB information at each point to create a "3D color image". GIS maps are becoming more visually descriptive as a result. Data acquisition for GIS includes primary data capture through direct field measurement, secondary data capture by extracting information from existing sources, and data transfer of existing GIS data from other sources. Current trends include more accurate field data collection and mapping using mobile devices and drones.

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    Geographic information system - Wikipedia

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    There are traditionally two broad methods for storing data in a GIS: raster images and vector data. A new hybrid method is point clouds, which combine 3D points with RGB information at each point to create a "3D color image". GIS maps are becoming more visually descriptive as a result. Data acquisition for GIS includes primary data capture through direct field measurement, secondary data capture by extracting information from existing sources, and data transfer of existing GIS data from other sources. Current trends include more accurate field data collection and mapping using mobile devices and drones.

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    48 views1 page

    Geographic Information System - Wikipedia

    Uploaded by

    devi
    There are traditionally two broad methods for storing data in a GIS: raster images and vector data. A new hybrid method is point clouds, which combine 3D points with RGB information at each point to create a "3D color image". GIS maps are becoming more visually descriptive as a result. Data acquisition for GIS includes primary data capture through direct field measurement, secondary data capture by extracting information from existing sources, and data transfer of existing GIS data from other sources. Current trends include more accurate field data collection and mapping using mobile devices and drones.

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    Traditionally, there are two broad methods used to store data in a GIS for both kinds of

    abstractions mapping references: raster images and vector. Points, lines, and polygons represent
    vector data of mapped location attribute references.

    A new hybrid method of storing data is that of identifying point clouds, which combine three-
    dimensional points with RGB information at each point, returning a "3D color image". GIS
    thematic maps then are becoming more and more realistically visually descriptive of what they set
    out to show or determine.

    Data acquisition

    GIS data acquisition includes several methods for gathering


    spatial data into a GIS database, which can be grouped into
    three categories: primary data capture, the direct
    measurement phenomena in the field (e.g., remote sensing, the
    global positioning system); secondary data capture, the
    extraction of information from existing sources that are not in
    a GIS form, such as paper maps, through digitization; and data
    transfer, the copying of existing GIS data from external
    sources such as government agencies and private companies.
    All of these methods can consume significant time, finances,
    and other resources.[20]: 173 

    Example of hardware for mapping


    Primary data capture (GPS and laser rangefinder) and
    data collection (rugged computer).
    Survey data can be directly entered into a GIS from digital data The current trend for geographical
    collection systems on survey instruments using a technique information system (GIS) is that
    called coordinate geometry (COGO). Positions from a global accurate mapping and data analysis
    navigation satellite system (GNSS) like Global Positioning are completed while in the field.
    System can also be collected and then imported into a GIS. A Depicted hardware (field-map
    current trend in data collection gives users the ability to utilize technology) is used mainly for forest
    field computers with the ability to edit live data using wireless inventories, monitoring and
    connections or disconnected editing sessions.[24] Current trend mapping.
    is to utilize applications available on smartphones and PDAs -
    Mobile GIS.[25] This has been enhanced by the availability of
    low-cost mapping-grade GPS units with decimeter accuracy in real time. This eliminates the need
    to post process, import, and update the data in the office after fieldwork has been collected. This
    includes the ability to incorporate positions collected using a laser rangefinder. New technologies
    also allow users to create maps as well as analysis directly in the field, making projects more
    efficient and mapping more accurate.

    Remotely sensed data also plays an important role in data collection and consist of sensors
    attached to a platform. Sensors include cameras, digital scanners and lidar, while platforms
    usually consist of aircraft and satellites. In England in the mid 1990s, hybrid kite/balloons called
    helikites first pioneered the use of compact airborne digital cameras as airborne geo-information
    systems. Aircraft measurement software, accurate to 0.4 mm was used to link the photographs and
    measure the ground. Helikites are inexpensive and gather more accurate data than aircraft.
    Helikites can be used over roads, railways and towns where unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are
    banned.

    Recently aerial data collection has become more accessible with miniature UAVs and drones. For
    example, the Aeryon Scout was used to map a 50-acre area with a ground sample distance of 1 inch
    (2.54 cm) in only 12 minutes.[26]

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