INTERNATIONAL ISO

STANDARD 12759-4

First edition
2019-10

Fans — Efficiency classification for

fans —
Part 4:
Driven fans at maximum operating
speed
Ventilateurs — Classification
iTeh STANDARD PREVIEW du rendement des ventilateurs —
Partie 4: Ventilateurs entraînés à vitesse maximale de fonctionnement
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Reference number
ISO 12759-4:2019(E)

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Contents Page

Foreword......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... iv
Introduction...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................v
1 Scope.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1
2 Normative references....................................................................................................................................................................................... 1
3 Terms and definitions...................................................................................................................................................................................... 1
4 Symbols........................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 5
5 General information.......................................................................................................................................................................................... 5
5.1 General............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 5
5.2 Use of installation categories....................................................................................................................................................... 6
5.3 Efficiency calculation.......................................................................................................................................................................... 7
5.4 Tolerances.................................................................................................................................................................................................... 8
6 Ratings............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 8
6.1 General............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 8
6.2 Driven fans................................................................................................................................................................................................... 8
6.3 Axial, forward curved centrifugal, radial and mixed flow driven fan efficiency grades............ 9
6.4 Centrifugal backward bladed fan with and without housing driven fan efficiency grades.11
6.5 Cross flow driven fan efficiency grades........................................................................................................................... 13
Annex A (normative) Examples of applying efficiency lines to driven fans...............................................................15
iTeh STANDARD PREVIEW
Annex B (informative) Compensation factors...........................................................................................................................................18
(standards.iteh.ai)
Annex C (informative) The variation of fan performance between installation categories.....................19
Annex D (informative) Selection of fansISO for12759-4:2019
best efficiency........................................................................................................20
Annex E (informative) Explanatory note........................................................................................................................................................23
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Bibliography.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 25

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Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www​.iso​.org/​directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www​.iso​.org/​patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
iTeh STANDARD PREVIEW
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see www​.iso​.org/​
iso/​foreword​.html. (standards.iteh.ai)
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 117, Fans.
ISO 12759-4:2019
This first edition of ISO 12759-4, together with ISO 12759-1, ISO 12759-2, ISO 12759-3, ISO 12759-51)
https://standards.iteh.ai/catalog/standards/sist/cef5eb8d-f66f-4e53-8e8c-
and ISO 12759-62), cancels and replaces 114d758aa6c6/iso-12759-4-2019
ISO 12759:2010, which has been technically revised. It also
incorporates the Amendment ISO 12759:2010/Amd.1:2013.
A list of all parts in the ISO 12759 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www​​.iso​​.org/​members​​.html.

1) Under preparation. Stage at the time of publication: ISO/DIS 12759-5:2019.

2) Under preparation. Stage at the time of publication: ISO/CD 12759-6:2019.

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 ISO 12759-4:2019(E)


Introduction
The last decade has seen an escalation in the price and an increasing recognition of the finite life of
many of the fossil fuels currently used. There is also a belief by many that climatic change is due to
increasing levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. This has led to many nations reviewing methods
of energy generation and usage.
To maintain economic growth there is therefore a need to promote energy efficiency. This requires
better selection of equipment by users and thus better design of this equipment by manufacturers.
Fans of all types are used for ventilation, air conditioning, process engineering – drying, pneumatic
conveying – combustion air supply and agriculture. Indeed, the energy use of fans has been calculated
to account for nearly 20 % of the global electricity usage.
The fan industry is global in nature, with a considerable degree of exporting and licensing. To ensure
that the definitive fan performance characteristics are common throughout the world, a series of
standards has been developed. It is the belief of the industry that there is now a need for minimum
efficiency standards to be recognised. To encourage their implementation, a classification system is
proposed which incorporates a series of efficiency bands. With improvements in technology and
manufacturing processes, the minimum efficiency levels could be reviewed and increased over time.
This document can be used by legislators or regulatory bodies for defining future energy-saving targets.

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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 12759-4:2019(E)

Fans — Efficiency classification for fans —

Part 4:
Driven fans at maximum operating speed

1 Scope
This document establishes a system for the classification of fan efficiency for all fan types driven by
motors of nominal rating 0,125  kW and above. It applies to driven fans only, but not to the system
(finished original equipment manufacturer’s product, for example box fans and roof fans or ventilation
system) in which they might be installed. This document describes a number of different procedures
to classify the efficiency of a fan or to apply a minimum efficiency limit (MEL). Those procedures are
described in:
— ISO 12759-3;
— this document (ISO 12759-4);
— ISO 12759-5;
— ISO 12759-6. iTeh STANDARD PREVIEW
There is no method described to(standards.iteh.ai)
compare these classifications and MEL’s.

ISO 12759-4:2019
2 Normative references
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The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 5801:2017, Fans — Performance testing using standardized airways
ISO 13348:2007, Industrial fans — Tolerances, methods of conversion and technical data presentation

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://​w ww​.iso​.org/​obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http://​w ww​.electropedia​.org/​
3.1
fan
rotary-bladed machine that receives mechanical energy and utilizes it by means of one or more
impellers fitted with blades to maintain a continuous flow of air or other gas passing through it and
whose work per unit mass does not normally exceed 25 kJ/kg
Note  1  to  entry:  Fans are defined according to their installation category, function, fluid path and operating
conditions (see ISO 13349).

[SOURCE: ISO 13349:2010, 3.1.1, — Notes to entry 1 and 3 were deleted.]

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3.2
fan size
nominal diameter of the impeller
3.3
drive
mechanism used to power the fan which includes the motor, belt, couplings, chains, transmission
and VFDs
EXAMPLE Transmission drive and motor drive.

3.4
driven fan
impeller fitted to or connected to a motor, with or without a drive mechanism, housing or means of
variable speed drive
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 1.

3.5
air
working fluid for tests with standardized airways shall be atmospheric air
[SOURCE: ISO 5801:2017, 3.1]
3.6
installation category A
iTeh STANDARD PREVIEW
installation with free inlet and free outlet with a partition
(standards.iteh.ai)
[SOURCE: ISO 13349:2010, 3.4.1, modified — References to ISO 5801 and ISO 5802 were deleted.]
3.7
ISO 12759-4:2019
installation category B
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installation with free inlet and ducted outlet
114d758aa6c6/iso-12759-4-2019
[SOURCE: ISO 13349:2010, 3.4.2, modified — References to ISO 5801 and ISO 5802 were deleted.]
3.8
installation category C
installation with ducted inlet and free outlet
[SOURCE: ISO 13349:2010, 3.4.3, modified — References to ISO 5801 and ISO 5802 were deleted.]
3.9
installation category D
installation with ducted inlet and ducted outlet
[SOURCE: ISO 13349:2010, 3.4.4, modified — References to ISO 5801 and ISO 5802 were deleted.]
3.10
density at fan inlet
ρ1
fluid density calculated from the absolute pressure and the static temperature at the fan inlet
3.11
fan pressure
pf
difference between the stagnation pressure at the fan outlet and the stagnation pressure at the fan inlet

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3.12
mass flow rate
qm
mean value, over time, of the mass of air which passes through the specified airway cross-section per
unit of time
3.13
inlet volume flow rate
qv1
mass flow rate at the inlet divided by the corresponding mean value, over time, of the average density
at the inlet
3.14
fan work per unit mass
Wm
increase in mechanical energy per unit mass of fluid passing through the fan
3.15
compressibility coefficient
kp
ratio of the mechanical work done by the fan on the air to the work that would be done on an
incompressible fluid with the same mass flow, inlet density and pressure ratio
3.16
fan air power
Pu iTeh STANDARD PREVIEW
conventional output power which is the product of the mass flow rate and the fan work per unit mass,
(standards.iteh.ai)
or the product of the inlet volume flow rate, the compressibility coefficient and the fan pressure
3.17 ISO 12759-4:2019
fan static air powerhttps://standards.iteh.ai/catalog/standards/sist/cef5eb8d-f66f-4e53-8e8c-
Pus 114d758aa6c6/iso-12759-4-2019
conventional output power which is the product of the mass flow rate and the fan work per unit mass,
or the product of the inlet volume flow rate, the compressibility coefficient and the fan pressure
3.18
impeller power
Pr
mechanical power supplied to the fan impeller
[SOURCE: ISO 5801:2017, 3.45]
3.19
fan shaft power
Pa
mechanical power supplied to the fan shaft
[SOURCE: ISO 5801:2017, 3.46, modified — Note 1 to entry was deleted.]
3.20
motor output power
Po
shaft power output of the motor or other prime mover
[SOURCE: ISO 5801:2017, 3.47]

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3.21
motor input power
Pe
electrical input power supplied at the terminals of an electric motor drive without a variable speed drive
[SOURCE: ISO 5801:2017, 3.48]
3.22
drive/control electrical input power
Ped
power supplied by electrical mains or equivalent energy supply to a motor system
3.23
fan impeller efficiency
ηr
fan air power divided by the impeller power
[SOURCE: ISO 5801:2017, 3.50, modified — References to quantities and formula deleted.]
3.24
fan shaft efficiency
ηa
fan air power divided by the fan shaft power
[SOURCE: ISO 5801:2017, 3.51, modified — References to quantities and formula deleted.]
3.25 iTeh STANDARD PREVIEW
overall efficiency for a fan without a variable speed drive
ηe (standards.iteh.ai)
fan air power divided by the motor input power for the fan and motor without a variable speed drive
ISO 12759-4:2019
Note 1 to entry: The efficiencyhttps://standards.iteh.ai/catalog/standards/sist/cef5eb8d-f66f-4e53-8e8c-
should be referred to the installation category, see Figure 2 and ISO 13349.
114d758aa6c6/iso-12759-4-2019
Note 2 to entry: For the purposes of this document efficiency should be expressed as a proportion of unity. To
obtain a percentage value multiply the efficiency result by 100.

Note 3 to entry: The motor input power as defined in 3.21.

3.26
overall efficiency for a fan with a variable speed drive
ηed
fan air power divided by the motor input power for the fan and motor combination with a variable
speed drive
Note 1 to entry: The efficiency should be referred to the installation category, see Figure 2 and ISO 13349.

Note 2 to entry: For the purposes of this document efficiency should be expressed as a proportion of unity. To
obtain a percentage value multiply the efficiency result by 100.

Note 3 to entry: The motor input power as defined in 3.22.

3.27
overall static efficiency for a fan without a variable speed drive
ηes
fan static air power divided by the motor input power for the fan and motor without a variable speed drive
3.28
overall static efficiency for a fan with a variable speed drive
ηesd
fan static air power divided by the motor input power for the fan and motor combination with a variable
speed drive

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3.29
optimum efficiency
ηopt
maximum efficiency achieved on the fan air characteristic with all operational parameters, except the
air system resistance, being fixed
3.30
fan motor efficiency grade
FMEG
efficiency grade for a driven fan
Note 1 to entry: The definitions given in 3.25 to 3.28 shall apply.

4 Symbols
Symbol Term Unit
kp compressibility coefficient  
NG grade number  
Pa fan shaft power W
Pe motor input power W
Ped drive/control electrical input power W
Po motor output power W
Pr impeller power iTeh STANDARD PREVIEWW
Pu fan air power W
Pus fan static air power
(standards.iteh.ai)
W
pa atmospheric pressure ISO 12759-4:2019 Pa
pd dynamic pressure at a point Pa
https://standards.iteh.ai/catalog/standards/sist/cef5eb8d-f66f-4e53-8e8c-
pf fan pressure 114d758aa6c6/iso-12759-4-2019 Pa
psf fan static pressure Pa
psg absolute stagnation pressure at a point Pa
qm mass flow rate kg/s
qv1 inlet volume flow rate m3/s
Wm fan work per unit mass J/kg
ηa fan shaft efficiency Expressed as a decimal
ηe overall efficiency Expressed as a decimal
ηed overall efficiency for a fan with VSD Expressed as a decimal
ηes overall static efficiency Expressed as a decimal
ηesd overall static efficiency for a fan with VSD Expressed as a decimal
ηopt optimum efficiency Expressed as a decimal
ηr fan impeller efficiency Expressed as a decimal
ρ1 density at fan inlet kg/m3

NOTE Efficiency in percent (%) divided by 100 equals the efficiency expressed as a decimal.

5 General information

5.1 General
Fans range from the purpose-built single fan to the series-produced certified ranges manufactured in
large quantities. A fan may be a motor attached to a drive system attached to an impeller within an

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ISO 12759-4:2019(E)


impeller casing, if so supplemented by a volume control such as a variable speed control or guide vanes
(driven fan), see Figure 1.
The variation in design has led to efficiency being defined in a number of ways to suit the demands of
the fan type and the market place.

Key iTeh STANDARD PREVIEW

1 electrical input power Ped
2 variable speed device loss (heat)a (standards.iteh.ai)
3 motor losses (heat)
ISO 12759-4:2019
4 belt losses (heat)
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5 bearing losses (heat) 114d758aa6c6/iso-12759-4-2019
6 impeller and casing aerodynamic losses (heat)
7 volume flow and pressure Pu (air power)
a The variable speed device might or might not be fitted. See Clause 6.

Figure 1 — Example of a driven fan showing power losses

5.2 Use of installation categories

Fan efficiency ratings are frequently specific to each standardised installation category.
When a fan is designed for a single installation category, its rated efficiency grade shall refer to that
particular installation category, and this shall be clearly identified.
When a fan is suitable for use with different installation categories, the fan efficiency grade shall be
based on the efficiency ratings referring to the most suitable installation category.
To determine the operating point of the fan, four installation categories are considered, see Figure 2.
For details of the required test methods refer to the following subclauses of ISO 5801:
— category A installations – ISO 5801:2017, 6.1;
— category B installations – ISO 5801:2017, 6.2;
— category C installations – ISO 5801:2017, 6.3;
— category D installations – ISO 5801:2017, 6.4.

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