Robotics reviewer

IM PACT OF T ECHNOLOGY IN HUM AN AND SOCIET Y

What is society? A society is a group of people that lives together in a community that
includes some form of government, along with some rules and economy.

What is technology? T echnology means the use of scientific knowledge to achieve

some specific goal or create applications that are used in industry or in everyday life.
So, if we are using some scientific knowledge to achieve some goal means we are
using technology

Both technology and society are co-related, co-dependent, co-influence with each
other

Hacking: An effort to manipulate a computer system or a network within a computer

is known as hacking.
Credit/Debit Card theft: Credit card fraud refers to any type of fraud involving a
payment card, such as a credit or debit card.
Malware installation: Any program or file that is dangerous to a computer user is
known as malware.
V irus – a malicious program designed to replicate itself and transfer from one
computer to another either through internet and local networks or data storage
like flash drives.
T rojan – a malicious program that is disguised as useful program but once
downloaded or installed, leaves your PC unprotected and allows hackers to get
your information.
Rouge Security Software – tricks the user into posing that it is a security software.
It asks the user to pay to improve his/her security but not protected at all.
- Spyware – a program that runs in the background without you knowing it. It has
the ability to monitor what you are doing and typing through keylogging.

keyloggers-used to record the keystroke done by the users. T his is done to steal their
password or any other sensitive information.
Adware – a program designed to send you advertisements, mostly as pop-ups.
E-mail threat: T he use of email to deceive another person for personal benefit or to
harm another person.

Phishing: its goal is to acquire sensitive personal information like passwords and
credit card details.

Spams: An undesired, uninvited digital message that is sent in large quantities is

known as spam. Y ou can get spam via email, phone calls, text messages etc.
AT M cards theft: AT M fraud refers to a crime in which the criminal makes the
payments for the criminal activities via some other person’ s AT M card using the PIN.

Impact of T echnology on Society We utilize and rely on technology in our daily lives,
and our technical requirements and demands continue to grow.
T echnology is used by humans to explore, connect, study, and do work.
1 . Positive Impacts of technology on society: T echnology has a more positive impact
on humans or society as compared to negative.
Improved Communication: Communication is the most important part of society,
we build or transfer our thoughts with each other with the help of communication.
Improved Education and learning process: T echnology enhances the education
and learning process. Nowadays, people can easily enhance their knowledge
using the internet.
Mechanized Agriculture: T echnology changes the working mechanism of farmers.
Easy to access information: We can easily access information via the internet
anytime and anywhere.

2. Negative Impacts of technology on society: As we know that everything present on

this planet has both advantages and disadvantages.
Increase in unemployment: Nowadays, large and small business uses machinery
and technical equipment because of their low costing and high efficiency due to
which the rate of unemployment is increasing continuously.
Increase in pollution: Not only humans but technology also affecting our
environment.
Increase in health and mental concerns: Nowadays, technology effecting the
physical as well as mental health of human beings.
Increase in cybercrimes: Due to the excessive use of the internet, the rate of
cybercrimes are also increased.

T echnology induced societal issues and cultural changes

Social Issues:

Identity T heft: T o use the identity of some other person by getting his financial/
personal information in a fraud manner in order to commit a crime.

Gaming Addiction: An individual’ s capacity to perform in multiple life domains is

severely affected as a result of the excessive use of internet games over a long period
of time.

Health and Fitness: Using a lot of the internet lay an impact on health and fitness, it
may impact your eyesight, backbone, etc.
Cyberbullying: T he use of technology to bully, abuse, criticize, or target another
person is known as cyberbullying.

T errorism and Crime: T heft of our cyberinfrastructure, as well as digital information

such as software, hardware, data, or information, is considered cyberterrorism.

Communication Breakdown: A communication breakdown occurs when information

is not exchanged, resulting in a loss of interaction.

Defamation of Character: T he act of transmitting a piece of false information in order

to do serious harm to another person’ s goodwill is known as defamation of character.
Multimedia and Interactivity

Multimedia is derived from the word “ multi” which means multiple or many and
“ media” that represents a medium to deliver and present information in the form of
books, newspapers, radio, television, computer and in the internet.

Interactivity refers to the communication between people and digital services or

content. It is the ability of a computer program, or other content to respond to the
actions of the person that’ s using it.

Multimedia Content:

V ideos – the recording and processing of moving pictures and sound.

Sound, music, or Audio – sounds recorded through digital or analog means.
*Analog Audio – sound recorded using a microphone and stored into tape or
vinyl.
*Digital Audio – uses a computer software program for music production to
record, mix, master and produce music

Online Games – games that are played with the use of the internet through a computer,
gaming console and smartphones.
Adventure Game – games based on a fictional setting where the character will do
various missions or levels to complete the game.
Augmented Reality (AR) Games – Games that contains computer generated
imagery (CGI) and the environment to provide immersive experiences.
Massive Multiplayer (M M O) – a game that lets users interact or play with other
players around the world.
Puzzle Games – games that involves brain teaser activities which test the logical
and problem solving abilities of a user.
Educational Games – kind of games which contains interactive activities that
would help in learning a knowledge or skill.
V irtual Reality Games – provides an immersive experience of playing games
using V R Headsets or sensor-equipped gloves.
Online tests – enables users to create and take quizzes over the internet.
Courseware – provide different interactive activities, presentations and tutorials, tests,
and other educational resources to students.
Podcasts – episodic series of audio streamed online; streams audio content similar to
a radio show that tells a particular story, issue, or trend.
V odcasts – episodic series of video streamed online; various contents are from video
blogs (vlogs), webinars, presentations, etc.

What is World Wide Web?

also known as the Web, an interconnected system of public webpages accessible
through the internet.
What is Web 2.0?
> T he second generation of the World Wide Web.
> Contains all the interactive features that allowed web pages to work more than a web
page that only had information.
 Features of Web 2.0
User Participation – lets a user to generate their content, and interact with other users
instead of merely reading the webpage, making the Web 2.0 called the Social Web
Blog - Allows users to post and share their experiences.
T his is a popular tool for creating a diary or journal online. Ex. Wordpress,
Weebly, T ypepad
Social Bookmarking Site – lets users organize, save, and share collections of links
or different websites on the web. Ex. Pinterest, Reddit, Pocket, T witter.
Social Networking Site – lets users create their profiles, share links, photos, and
videos, and interact with other users.

Rich User Experience – Enables users to view interesting and informative websites
through rich contents which enhances the user experience and promote interactivity.

Folksonomy – allows users to classify links, images, videos and other digital content
using hashtags on social platforms to be easily seen by other users.

Software as Service (SaaS) – lets users utilize the application without having to install
the software, it can be used for free or subscription.

What is Web 3.0?

It is the third and current generation of the web, in which it is the enhanced version of
Web 2.0.
It lets a computer understand kinds or information to help find and recommend useful
information to users.

Features of Web 3.0

Artificial Intelligence (AI) - has the capability to provide relevant and useful
information to assist in everyday tasks of users. Web 3.0 is called intelligent web.
Digital Assistant – commonly known as voice recognition apps. designed to help
users to perform everyday activities, including recommendations, predictive
searches and other basic tasks.

Chatbot – a computer program that understand words and phrases to interact and
respond with users who have the same questions and answers.

Navigation Apps – A tool that is able to transform maps that provide directions on
how to find the quickest route to a specific place.

Features of Web 3.0

Connectivity – improves the user experience when connecting and communicating
with different people through various devices.

3D Graphics – provides users with a more immersive and interactive experience

found on online games, e-commerce, and multimedia websites.

Ubiquity – web 3.0 platforms are accessible using any kind of device.
 Research reviewer
CLASSIFICAT ION OF DAT A

What is classification of data?

Data classification is the practice of organizing and categorizing data elements

according to pre-defined criteria.

Ways of Data Presentation

T abular - T abular data is data presented in rows and columns. Excel or Google Sheets
would qualify for the job.
T ext - When presenting data as text, all you do is write your findings down in
paragraphs and bullet points.
Graphical Representation
pie chart (or a ‘ donut chart’ if you stick a hole in the middle of it) - is a circle divided
into slices that show the relative sizes of data within a whole. .
bar chart - is a chart that presents a bunch of items from the same category, usually in
the form of rectangular bars that are placed at an equal distance from each other.
Line graphs - represented by a group of data points joined together by a straight line.
heat map - represents data density in colours. T he bigger the number, the more colour
intense that data will be represented.
What is statistics?
Statistics is the study of the collection, analysis, interpretation, presentation, and
organization of data.
2 main types of statistics
descriptive statistics
inferential statistics

Descriptive statistics - summarize and organize characteristics of a data set.

T ypes of descriptive statistics:
T he distribution concerns the frequency of each value.
T he central tendency concerns the averages of the values.
T he variability or dispersion concerns how spread out the values are.

Frequency distribution - A data set is made up of a distribution of values, or scores. In

tables or graphs, you can summarize the frequency of every possible value of a
variable in numbers or percentages.
Measures of central tendency - Measures of central tendency estimate the center, or
average, of a data set. T he mean, median and mode are 3 ways of finding the average.
mean, or M,- is the most commonly used method for finding the average.
median - is the value that’ s exactly in the middle of a data set.
Mode - is the simply the most popular or most frequent response value.
Measures of variability - gives you a sense of how spread out the response values are.
T he range, standard deviation and variance each reflect different aspects of spread.
Range:
T he range gives you an idea of how far apart the most extreme response scores
are. T o find the range, simply subtract the lowest value from the highest value.
Range of visits to the library in the past year Ordered data set: 0, 3, 3, 1 2, 1 5, 24
Range: 24 – 0 = 24
Standard deviation – average distance from the mean
T here are six steps for finding the standard deviation:
1 . List each score and find their mean.
2. Subtract the mean from each score to get the deviation from the mean.
3. Square each of these deviations.
4. Add up all of the squared deviations.
5. Divide the sum of the squared deviations by N – 1 .
6. Find the square root of the number you found.

V ariance – average of squared distances from the mean

o find the variance, simply square the standard deviation. T he symbol for variance is
S"

A. Collection and Presentation of Data

Data collection - is a systematic method of collecting and measuring data gathered
from different sources of information in order to provide answers to relevant
questions.

Data collection - is the process of gathering, measuring, and analyzing accurate data
from a variety of relevant sources to find answers to research problems, answer
questions, evaluate outcomes, and forecast trends and probabilities

MET HODS OF COLLECT ING DAT A

> Survey method
> Questionnaire
> Interviews
> Experiment
> Sampling

Primary - As the name implies, this is original, first-hand data collected by the data
researchers. T his process is the initial information gathering step, performed before
anyone carries out any further or related research.
Secondary data - is second-hand data collected by other parties and already having
undergone statistical analysis.
Primary Data Collection
Interviews - T he researcher asks questions of a large sampling of people, either by
direct interviews or means of mass communication such as by phone or mail.
Focus groups - like interviews, are a commonly used technique. T he group
consists of anywhere from a half-dozen to a dozen people, led by a moderator,
brought together to discuss the issue.
Questionnaires - are a simple, straightforward data collection method.
Secondary Data Collection
Secondary data collection involves using existing data collected by someone else
for a purpose different from the original intent.
a. Published Sources: Researchers refer to books, academic journals, magazines,
newspapers, government reports, and other published materials that contain
relevant data.
b. Online Databases: Numerous online databases provide access to a wide range
of secondary data, such as research articles, statistical information, economic data,
and social surveys.
c. Government and Institutional Records: Government agencies, research
institutions, and organizations often maintain databases or records that can be
used for research purposes.
d. Publicly Available Data: Data shared by individuals, organizations, or
communities on public platforms, websites, or social media can be accessed and
utilized for research.
e. Past Research Studies: Previous research studies and their findings can serve as
valuable secondary data sources. Researchers can review and analyze the data to
gain insights or build upon existing knowledge.