POINTERS ON EMPOWERMENT TECHNOLOGY’S PART 1

1 : Information and Communication Technology (ICT)

What is ICT?
- ICT is the technology required for information processing, in particular, the use of
electronic computer, communication devices and software applications to convert, store,
protect, process, transmit and retrieve information from anywhere, anytime.
- Deals with different communication technologies such as mobile phones, telephones,
internet, etc. to locate, save, send and edit information.

The Current States of ICT

World Wide Web - It is also known as WWW or W3 introduce by Tim Berners-Lee. It consists of
different pages that are formatted in a markup language called HTML (Hypertext Markup
Language) and linked to each other that contain text, graphics, multimedia files, hyperlinks and
etc.

Different Web Pages

1. Web 1.0 – The first development of World Wide Web where web pages are static. It also
known as flat or stationary page and it cannot be manipulated by users.

2. Web 2.0 - It is a dynamic web page where user can interact with page like creating a user
account, posting comments, uploading files and images, and others.
Example: Blog sites, Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, YouTube Features of Web 2.0

Key Features of Web 2.0

 Folksonomy – users can classify and arrange information by adding tag or label. Pound
sign (#) is used in Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and other social networking sites.
Example in tagging on Facebook: #TeamKawayan, #Single.
 Rich User Experience – user can have high interaction with the content of the page and
can achieve level of expertise.
 User Participation – user can put content on their own in web page like comment,
evaluation, and etc.
 Long Tail – A site that offers services and brings individual and businesses into selling
different goods and commodities such as shopping site like OLX, Lazada, Shopee,
Zalora and others.
 Software as a service – users can subscribe to a software when they need it instead of
purchasing them.
 Mass Participation – sharing of diverse information through universal web access.
3. Web 3.0 – The Semantic Web A new paradigm in web interaction extension of led by World
Wide Web Consortium (W3C) where it provides framework that allows data to be shared and
reuse.

Web 3.0 several problems

 Compatibility – HTML files and current web browsers could not support Web 3.0.
 Security – The user’s security is also questions since the machine is saving his/her
preferences.
 Vastness – The World Wide Web already contains billions of web pages.
 Vagueness – Certain words are imprecise. The words ‘’old’’ and ‘’small’’ would depend
to the user.
 Logic – since machines use logic, there are certain limitations for a computer to be able
to predict what the user is referring to at a given time.
Technology keeps rising and improving every time. The use of technology connects us to the
people around the globe and gives us current information on the trends in information and
communication. As what you have written in the activity above, it shows that social media is
mostly used by people and one of the current trends in information and communication
technology.

Trends in ICT
A. Convergence – it refers to fusing of technological advancement to work on a similar task.
Example. Using smartphone as camera in taking pictures instead of DSLR camera.
B. Social Media – an application and website where user can communicate, create and share
content, and participate in online communities.

6 Types of Social Media

1. Social Network – A website where people with the same come together to share information.
Examples: Twitter, Instagram, Facebook
2. Social News – A website where user can post stories and are ranked based on the popularity
through voting.
Examples: Digg, Reddit, Propeller, Slashdot, Fark
3. Bookmarking Sites – A website that allows you to share and store internet bookmarks,
articles, posts, blogs, images and others.
Examples: Pinterest, StumbleUpon, Dribble
4. Media Sharing – A website that allows you to share and store multimedia files such as video,
photos and music. Examples: Instagram, YouTube, Flickr
5. Microblogging – a website that allows you to broadcast short message.
Examples: Twitter, Tumblr, Meet me
6. Blogs and Forums – a discussion website that allows user to ask questions and comments on
a journal posted by an individual or group.
Examples: WordPress, Blogger
C. Mobile Technologies – a technology used in cellular and other devices such netbook, laptop,
tablet, smartphones and etc.
D. Assistive Media - A platform that assist people with disability. It will guide the individual like a
blind person by using an audio recording.

Lesson 2 : Online Safety, security, ethics and etiquette

The importance of internet plays a crucial part in human development. Life becomes easy and
comfortable because of this technology. Most of us are connected to the internet via laptop,
mobile phone, tablet, personal computer and other electronic gadgets. Behind this technology
there is a risk that everyone should be aware of.
Online safety
- refers to the practices and precautions that should be observed when using the internet
to ensure that the users as well as their computers and personal information are safe
from crimes associated with using the internet.

Numerous delinquencies that can be committed on the internet :

Cyberbullying – It happens when someone intentionally abused, harass, and mistreated by
other person using electronic communication.
Identity Theft – It is a crime of stealing personal information for the purpose of assuming that
person’s name or identity to make any form of transactions.
Cyber Stalking – A criminal practice where electronic communication is used to stalk or harass
individual or group.
Sexting – The act of sending sexually explicit text messages, images, and videos.

MALWARE – also known as Malicious Software.

Types of Malwares
1. Virus & Worm – a malicious program that replicate itself by copying itself to another program.
2. Trojan Horse – a malicious program that disguised as legitimate program that user will accept
and use but take control of your computer.
3. Worm – malicious program that copy’s itself and spreads to other computers.
4. Spyware – A malicious program that gathers information from victim’s computer and send it
back to the hacker.
5. Adware – An unwanted advertisement that will pop-up several times on victim’s computer
then behave abnormally and tedious to close them.
6. Keylogger – A program that runs in the background and steals user credentials and
confidential information and send back to hack by recording every keystroke that a user makes
on their computer or device.
7. Botnet – A collection of infected internets–connected devices such as PC and mobile phone
that are controlled by a common type of malware.
8. Rootkit – A software tools used by hackers to gain control over a computer on a network
without being exposed.
9. Ransomware – A ransom virus that block the user from accessing the programs or files and
demands to pay the ransom through online method for the removal of the virus.

Online Threats – referred to as hacker that illegally browses steal someone’s information.
Spam – Also known as junk email or unwanted email send by advertiser or bot. It can be used
to send malware.
Phishing – A cyberattack method using deceptive emails and websites to acquiring sensitive
personal information.
Pharming – A malicious website that resembles a legitimate website, used to gather usernames
and passwords.
Cybercrime – A crime in which computer is used as object and tool in committing a crime such
hacking, phishing, spamming, child pornography, libel, hate crimes, identity thief and others.
Cybercrime Law – A law that deals with all forms of cybercrime.

What is Netiquette?
- It is a word that came from the two words “net” and “etiquette”. It is an etiquette applied
online that shows proper manner and behavior. If you are a member of an online society
through social media you are called netizen.

 Internet Research – It is a research method in collecting and gathering information via

internet by using search engine such as google.
 Search Engine – It is a program that allows users to search for content on internet. Example :
Google, Bing, Yahoo, Baidu, Ask.com, Yandex and etc.
 Copyright Issues – There are millions of information that we can get from the internet. Some
of this information are free but others are not. They are protected by a copyright law.
 Copyright – It is a protection given to the owner of the rights in an original work such as
books, musical works, films, paintings, and other works, and computer programs. This
original work is called intellectual property which is protected under Republic Act 8293 known
as the “Intellectual Property Code of the Philippines”.
 Copyright Infringement – This happens when the copyrighted work is use by other person
without permission of the author or copyright holder. Any person who is infringing the right
protected work would be liable under the law.
 Fair Use - It is the use of copyrighted material for comment, teaching, criticism, news
reporting, research, scholarship, and other similar purpose is not an infringement of
copyright.
Example of this is when you post a quote from a person in your Facebook wall.
Include the name of person who owns the quote in your post.
POINTERS ON EMPOWERMENT TECHNOLOGY’S PART 2

2 : Applied Productivity Tools with Advanced Application Techniques

What is Apply productivity tools Productivity Tools?
- It refers to the software that people use to create and produce documents,
presentations, databases, charts, and graphs. Productivity tools helps you create
professional quality documents, presentation, graphics, and more.

Common productivity tools:

1. Microsoft word
2. Microsoft excel
3. Microsoft PowerPoint
4. LibreOffice

Mail Merge – It is a Word’s way of generating mass mailings. It involves combining a list of
names and addresses to individually address to each person / receiver on the list. You can use
Mail Merge to create envelopes or address labels, as well as form letters. Mail Merged involved
the following documents:
 Main document – this document contains text and graphics. Example body of the letter.
 Mailing list – this is your data source that is used to populate information in the letter. It
contains names and address of the recipients.
 Merged document - this document the combination of the main document.

Custom Animation – It is a simulation of movement created by displaying a series of pictures, or

frames. Animation on computers is one of the chief ingredients of multimedia presentations.
There are many software applications that enable you to create animations that you can display
on a computer monitor. One of this application software are presentation software that you can
use to create a slide show for your presentation.

Steps in applying animation effect to an object:

1. On a slide in Normal view, select the object you want to animate.
2. Select Slide Show – click Animation’s tab, in the Animation group, select your desired effect
or click dropdown button to choose more effects. To preview the animation, click the Preview
button to play.
3. Hyperlink – or simply a link, is a reference data that the reader can directly follow either by
clicking or tapping. Hyperlinks are found in nearly all Web pages, allowing users to click their
way from one page to another. In text hyperlinks are often color blue and underlined. When you
move the cursor over a hyperlink, whether it is text, button or an image, the arrow cursor should
be change to a small hand pointing to the link.

Hyperlinks have to basic parts:

 The Address – can be webpage, email address, or other location they are linking.
 The Display – can be picture or shape.
4. Integrating Images – In Microsoft word processing you can do a lot of things to make your
documents look good and presentable. One of its functions is to integrate image. Word
processing refers to an application program for manipulating text-based documents; the
electronic equivalent of paper, pen, typewriter, eraser, and most likely, dictionary and thesaurus.

Spreadsheets – The creator to input formulas into spreadsheet for easy calculation.
Electronic Spreadsheet – According to emerald.com electronic spreadsheet is probably the
most useful general-purpose software for microcomputer user. Almost all spreadsheets are now
packaged in combination with other applications, such as database system and graphic
capabilities.
Formula – is an equation that performs operation on worksheet data. A formula in Microsoft
Excel always begins with an equal sign (=).

Imaging and Design for the Online Environment Basic Principles of Graphics and Layout. The
elements and principles of design are the building blocks of a successful beautiful design. The
elements of design are the things or tools that make up a design while the Principles of design
are what we do to those elements.

The Elements of Design

These are the materials or tools to make different designs or Arts.

• LINE – Lines are defined by points moving in space. It can create a sense of movement or
direction in your design. Line is can be smooth, rough, straight, curve, broken, thick or thin.

• SHAPE – A shape is an enclosed space, the boundaries of which are defined by other
elements of art like lines, colors, values or textures. Shapes can be used to create patterns and
draw the viewer’s attention.

• DIRECTION – Applying motion to create the visual illusion of movement. Use horizontal
direction for calmness, stability and tranquility while vertical direction for emotions of balance,
formality and alertness.

• SIZE (SCALE) – Size is basically the relationship of the area occupied by one shape to that of
another. Large elements mean more significant than the small one.

• TEXTURE – Texture refers to surface appearance of an object given by the dimensions, form,
thickness, arrangement, and amount of its basic parts.

• COLOR – Color is light redirected off objects. It is used to create curiosity and emotions to the
viewers. It has three main characteristics:
 hue (these are red, green, blue, etc.),
 value (lightness/ darkness), and;
 intensity (saturation, or amount of pigment) and temperature (warm and cool).
1. BALANCE – Balance in design is the state of equal relationship. It means equal distribution
of visual weight in a design. It can be achieved by adjusting the visual weight of each element,
in terms of size, color, textures, shapes or contrast. Balance in graphic design provides stability
and structure to a design.

There are different kinds of balance:

 Symmetrical balance occurs when identical weights are on equal sides of a composition.
 Asymmetrical balance occurs when a design has unequal graphic weight on either side,
but those unequal graphics need to balance each other (un-evenly balanced).
 Radial balance occurs when the design elements swirl out from a central axis
(emanating from a central point

2. PROXIMITY – Proximity maintains a relationship between items that go together. It helps

creates organization by grouping the same elements together or in close proximity. The
elements should be connected visually.
3. ALIGNMENT – Alignment refers to lining up the elements of a design along the top, bottom,
center or sides of the elements. It allows us to create order and organization in our design. The
whole point of the alignment is that nothing in your design should look as if it were placed there
randomly.
4. REPETITION, PATTERN, AND RHYTHM – Repetition duplicates the characteristics of
similar elements to contribute to design consistency. It strengthens a design by tying together
individual elements; pattern is a regular arrangement of alternated or repeated elements like
shapes, lines or colors; rhythm--is a combination of elements repeated, but with variations.
5. CONTRAST – Contrast refers to the use of conflicting elements or colors while still remaining
harmonious and unified when the artwork is viewed as a whole. It allows you to give emphasis
to key elements in your design.
6. SPACE – It refers to the area that an object occupies. Both positive and negative space
should be considered in graphic design. White space gives your design breathing room.

Infographic – It is a photographic presentation of data and information that use the different
elements of design to make data easily understandable at a glance. Infographics make complex
messages become more visually appealing to the viewers.

Image file format – It refers to how data associated to the image will be stored. It can be
compressed to decrease file size of the image. There are two different compression you can
choose when enhancing your images: lossy and lossless compression. Lossy compression
reduces file size by removing redundant information means that some data from the image file
is lost. While Lossless compression retains values and manages to lower file size.

Image resolution – It refers to the number of pixels in an image or the detail an image holds. It is
identified by the height and the width of the image. A pixel (picture element) is just one unit of
the whole digital image it is the smallest unit of an image. The higher the resolution, means that
there more pixels per inch (PPI), resulting in more pixel information and creating a high-quality,
crisp image.
GIMP – It is a cross-platform image editor available for GNU/Linux, OS X, Windows and more
operating systems. It is free software; you can change its source code and distribute your
changes. GIMP means "GNU Image Manipulation Program". It is free software to download at
http://www.gimp.org/. GIMP was built for a Linux system, but it can also run on any platforms
like Windows and Mac OS.

Online platforms as tools for ICT content development.

What is online platform?
- A platform-enabled website or online platform gives a feature on which allows to
manipulate the content of the website. Most of the online platforms requires you to
register in order to publish, manipulate, organize, or even delete a certain web content.

1. Social Media Platforms – This platform allows you to create your personal account or
profile. After you register on this website, it will allow you to create pages or even groups where
you can share content and ideas. Social Media platforms enables you to connect yourself to
other users and get updates on their news feed.
2. Blogging Platforms - A platform on where a writer or even a group of writers can share
views on an individual subject. It is comparable to a newsletter where you can add menus,
designs or even multimedia of a subject. Blogger is an example of blogging site.
3. Content Management System or CMS – One of the features of this platform is that you can
publish your own website and manage its content through intranet or in a single computer.

This is a software where you can easily create, update, organize, and publish the content of
your website.

Web page – It is document which is designed for the World Wide Web and is accessible using a
web browser such as Firefox, Google Chrome, Microsoft Edge, or Apple's Safari. It may contain
many kinds of data or resources which you can see, hear, and interact with.

Elements of a Modern Web Design

1. Text - this is a mandatory element of a web page. However, visitors got distracted about the
font family of the text on website.
2. Graphics/ Illustrations - make sure your images or illustrations are not pixelated or must be on
good quality.
3. White space - having a crowded website, it is very hard to direct the attention of your visitor's
eye.
4. Links - links or hyperlinks allows user to jump to another site or page that is related of to your
site.
5. Color - the colors you use in your design is a very important aspect. There are times that
colors become visually distracting to your viewers.
6. Video/Audio - there are sites use audio/video to help their visitors to better understand what
they are selling or teaching. These elements of web designing really helps your visitors
especially those websites that offers tutorial of certain subject.
7. Background - texture or background gives a more appealing sight to your website. This will
provide your website a feeling of a surface underneath.

Principles of Web Design

A. Portable Design - website design must be portable and accessible. Your need to must
compatible with other operating system and web browsers.
B. Design for Low Bandwidth - not all user who are online are connected to a high-speed
internet connection.
C. Direction - identify the order of importance of the various elements and place them in a
sequence where the eye moves and perceives the things it sees. There should be consistent
layout and structure.
D. Simplicity - the more option you place in your site, the more difficult it is for a visitor to make a
decision and more time is required to browse through them.
E. Regular testing – every device or project needs maintenance, same as your website. Website
should be regularly upgraded, updated and tested so that problems will be quickly resolved.

Web templates and WYSIWYG platforms

- WYSIWYG is an acronym for "what you see is what you get". WYSIWYG is an editor
that allows you to create and design web pages without any coding knowledge.
- HTML is stands for Hypertext Markup Language.

1. Wix -. Its interface is one of the most intuitive, slick, and powerful in the ever-growing group of
website-building services offers standout features, such as online storage for your site assets,
cool video backgrounds, animations for titles, and mobile.
2. Weebly - This free website builder allows you to build beautiful websites in a very short period
of time – even if you do not have any programming background.
3. WordPress - is the world’s most popular tool for creating websites. WordPress is capable of
creating any style of website, from a simple blog to a full-featured business website.
4. Drupal - It is a well-known content management system intended to help advanced designers
create a powerful website capable of handling large volumes of visitors and hundreds of pages
of content.

Web mapping applications – are Web sites developed from geographical information system
(GIS) data. Mapping applications use GIS to create a visualize maps.

The examples of mapping application are:

• Google Maps – This is a Web mapping application developed by Google. It shows both
graphic and satellite maps. The maps include street names, building names, establishment
names, and bus and train stations, to name a few.
• Wikimapia - This is a collaborative open content mapping application. Wikimapia offers
satellite view of streets, buildings, and establishments.