Final Result
Final Result
Final Result
SKRIPSI
By :
NPM:
1106180017
2022
AN ANALYSIS DEIXIS IN CHERNOBYL MOVIE SERIES
SKRIPSI
By:
HUSNI PRATAMA NOVIANSYAH
NPM: 1106180017
iii
LEGALIZATION
Chairperson, Secretary,
Acknowledged by,
Faculty of Teacher Training and Education
Dean,
iv
DECLARATION OF AUTHORSHIP
Stated that the thesis I have written with the title : AN ANALYSIS
DEIXIS IN CHERNOBYL MOVIE SERIES is real my writing, and is not a
plagiarism either partially or entirely.
If it is later proven that this thesis is the result of plagiarism, either in part
or in whole, then I am willing to accept sanctions in accordance with applicable
regulations.
v
MOTTO AND DEDICATION
MOTTO
“ANYTHING THAT CAN GO WRONG, WILL GO WRONG”
Murphy’s Law
DEDICATION
With deep gratitude for the completion of this thesis, the author would like
to thank:
1. To my beloved parents, father and mother, his stinging from the heart of
prayers that never broke up, invaluable enthusiasm. Thank you for taking
care of me until you can be like this. All this I dedicate to you.
2. To the supervisor (Prof. Dr. Agus Wardhono, M. Pd), who has patiently
guided me until the writing of this thesis was completed.
3. To all lecturers of English education who have provided useful knowledge
as a provision for going later.
4. To my sister and my brother, who always support and always help me to
finish this thesis.
5. To my best discord friends (Zidhan, Danny, Sayid, Fafa, Bagas and others)
who always make me laugh when I feel stress.
6. To my online friends (Luhung, Yusuf, Rasyidin, and Rizky) who always
support me.
7. To my PBI 2018 especially to Syaiful Muna, Dandy, Azril, Putra, and
Umar who always help me when I feel stuck.
vi
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
4. The best gratitude to Prof. Dr. Agus Wardhono, M.Pd as the advisor for
giving the guidance, the direction, and patiently helped preparation and
writing of the thesis.
vii
6. The biggest thanks for the beloved parents who always pray, never give
up, and keep supporting to do the best.
The writer realizes that this thesis is lack of perfection. When the readers
find some mistakes in this thesis, it indicates one of her weakness. The writer tries
to make it better. However, critics and other useful inputs from the readers are
much needed.
Finally, the writer surrenders everything to Allah SWT and the writer hope
it will be a useful thing for the writer himself and for all to improve educational
quality.
viii
ABSTRACT
ix
TABLE OF CONTENT
COVER ........................................................................................................... i
APPROVAL SHEET ..................................................................................... iii
LEGALIZATION ..........................................................................................iv
DECLARATION OF AUTHORSHIP .........................................................v
MOTTO AND DEDICATION .....................................................................vi
ANKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................vii
ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................ix
TABLE OF CONTENT ................................................................................ x
PICTURE LIST .............................................................................................xii
APPENDICES LIST ......................................................................................xiii
CHAPTER I ...................................................................................................1
1.1 Backgroun of the Study ......................................................................1
1.2 Statement of the Problem ...................................................................7
1.3 Objectives of the Problem ..................................................................8
1.4 Significances of the study ...................................................................8
1.5 Limitations of the study ......................................................................9
1.6 Definitions of the key terms ...............................................................9
CHAPTER II ..................................................................................................11
2.1 The Definition of Pragmatics .............................................................11
2.2 The Definition of Deixis .....................................................................12
2.3 Types of Deixis ...................................................................................14
2.3.1 Person Deixis ............................................................................14
2.3.2 Place Deixis ..............................................................................17
2.3.3 Time Deixis ..............................................................................17
2.3.4 Discourse Deixis .......................................................................18
2.3.5 Social Deixis .............................................................................19
x
2.4 ATLAS.TI ...........................................................................................19
2.5 Chernobyl Movie ................................................................................21
2.6 Synopsis of the Movie ........................................................................25
2.7 Previous Studies .................................................................................26
CHAPTER III ................................................................................................29
3.1 Research Design .................................................................................29
3.2 Data Source .........................................................................................30
3.3 Techique of Data Collection ...............................................................30
3.3.1 Observation ...............................................................................30
3.3.2 Document ..................................................................................30
3.4 Technique of Analysis Data ...............................................................31
3.4.1 Data Reduction .........................................................................32
3.4.2 Data Display .............................................................................32
3.4.1 Conclusion ................................................................................33
CHAPTER IV ................................................................................................34
4.1 Finding ................................................................................................34
4.1.1 Types of Deixis Found in Chernobyl Movie Script .................34
4.1.1.1 Person Deixis ..................................................................42
4.1.1.2 Place Deixis ....................................................................50
4.1.1.3 Time Deixis ....................................................................51
4.1.1.4 Discourse Deixis .............................................................52
4.1.1.5 Social Deixis ...................................................................54
4.1.2 Dominant Type of Deixis .........................................................55
4.2 Discussion ...........................................................................................56
CHAPTER V ..................................................................................................60
5.1 Conclusion ..........................................................................................60
5.2 Suggestion ..........................................................................................61
REFERENCES ..............................................................................................62
xi
PICTURE LIST
xii
APPENDICES LIST
1. Synopsis
xiii
xiv
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
Humans are social beings who cannot live alone and have to
that“English is very important for everyday life”. English plays the key to the
role in our education system and national life. Communicative English skills
are important because it is a global language between two people with different
cultures.Spoken and writing are the types of languages that we often use.
discussions, and written languages we usually use to express ideas with the
1
style we have. Language is part of linguistic and literature. While the scope of
speakers, recipients and analytical. The use of language like this is called
pragmatics.
meant even when it is not actually said or written”. Pragmatics discuss about
the author says. People are able to understand what people write and speak
in movie dialogue, drama, song lyrics, speeches, and print media such as
novels etc. In the movie that use oral media, the conversation of each character
in the film can be found through listening and analyzing pragmatically. There
are several factors in finding the process of analyzing a job that contains
(1996) “Deixis is a technical term (from Greek) for one of the most basic
2
form used to accomplish this “pointing” is called deictic expression”. The most
from speaker”. There are three deixis by Yule theory such as person deixis(me,
you), location or spatial deixis (here, there), and time or temporal deixis (now,
or speech event, and thus also concerns ways in which the interpretations of
also argued that the use of deixis are five categories. First, person deixis, which
encoding of the speaker’s reference to one or more addresse (you), and third
person the encoding of the speaker’s reference to persons and entities which
are neither speakers nor addressees of the utterance in question (he, she, It).
The second is place deixis. Place deixis concerns the encoding of spatial
English has visible with deictic system, with two terms there are proximal and
distal. The proximal term here means something like close to the speaker and
distal away from the speaker. Third, time deixis is concerns the encoding the
temporal points and spans relative to the time at which an utterance was
3
(likenow, then, yesterday, this year, etc). Time deixis also has two basic forms
of tenses in English, there are present and past tense. Fourth, discourse deixis
which the utterances. The deictic word used here are the demonstratives this
previous part. The last one is social deixis. It concerns the encoding of social
Social deixis also involves on the references to the characteristic in the speech
From the explanation above, there are various deixis. Deixis has the
ability to point through language. Deixis use is very useful in the process of
communication and daily conversations. Not only that, deixis can also facilitate
the speaker and the recipient to understand what is being discussed.That’s why
Now days, deixis not only establish in daily conversation. But also, in
literature as well. For examples magazine, speech, novel, movie, news, books
and etc. State by Hornby, (1995) “defined film is a story, etc. recorded as a set
persuasion. Albiladi et al., (2018) stated that movies are beneficial in terms of
entertainment for everyone, from children to adults. There are various genres
4
that can be enjoyed such as fantasy, romance, adventure, animation,
documentary, and science fiction and others. Aside from being entertainment,
the film also has a moral value as an audiovisual material that the author wants
as a research theme.
producted by US HBO (United State Home Box Office), for examples Us, The
Last od Us, Wonder woman, Citizen Kane, City Lights, Chernobyl, etc. The
written by Craig Mazin and directed by Johan Renck. This miniseries are made
This series premiere in the United States and the United Kingdom on May 6,
2019. Chernobyl tells the Chernobyl nuclear disaster that occurred in the Soviet
Soviet Ukraine in April 1986, revealing the series of events and the reason, and
researcheris interested in the storyline of this film where to tell the previous
nuclear explosion events in all humanity andthe government does not know
how tominimize the incident. Not only that, another reason researcher choses
this film as research because this film adopted directly from a true storyfrom
5
one of the worst human-made disasters in history and tells the struggle of
disasterfrom this, the researcher can also learn the history of the worst and
worst nuclear reactor accident cases in the history of humanity that occurred 34
years ago. The amount of data obtained by researcher from this film adds to the
There are some studies about deixis analysis have been conducted by
previous researchers. On the same field, in spite of that they have different
subject and theories. The first research with the title “Deixis in Donald
The result found 180 person deixis, 9 time deixis and 18 place deixis.
In the previous study above, there are gaps and differentiations with
gap that comes from differences in the results of previous research, concepts,
theories, data or problems in the field, which become a gap for further
research". So, it can be concluded that research gaps are very important to
6
show the difference between previous research and this research. Researcher
Previous research, the data analysis uses the manual method without being
Boris Shcherbina and Dyatlovbecause they are the main characters of the film
and they also have an important role in the tragedy. Based on the reasons
above, the researcher would like to write a thesis entitled “An Analysis Deixis
formulated as following:
1. What are the types of deixis that found in the"Chernobyl” movie script?
7
1.3 Objective of the study
Based on the statement of the problem above, the writer has following
objectives:
2. To find and analyze the dominant type of deixis in the film script
"Chernobyl”.
practically.
1. Theoretically, This study aims to enrich the understanding of deixis, and this
Deixis.
understand the types of deixis and the most dominant deixis related to
literacy skills. This study can affect deixis learning by guiding students to
8
understand in the context of language and understanding when and where
of the research.
The findings of this study are expected to benefit the readers to add
better in communication.
limitations of this study focus on types of deixis and dominant deixis in the
movie.In this study, the researcher used movie script from movie with title
“Chernobyl” which was released on May 6, 2019 di United Stated and May 7,
1. Movie
well as Chernobyl miniseries are part of the movie where they are showed
on the television.
2. Deixis
9
Deixis is clearly form of referring that is tied to the speaker’s
context, with the most basic distinction between deictic expression being
‘near speaker’ and ‘away from speaker’.Yule, (1996) and this movie
miniseries.
3. Chernobyl
miniseries created and written by Craig Mazin and directed by Johan Renck.
10
CHAPTER II
relevant literature is desirable to provide the theory and concept of research. This
is very important because the theory can be used as a supporter other than
in order to interact with others. Pragmatic is a field of linguistic that studies the
meaning of visible or contextual words. When people use language, they may
find a term that has a clear meaning, depending on the context of the speaker
and the recipient. Levinson also added that Pragmatic is a study related to the
pragmatic is contextual. That is, how the context affects what the speaker says.
In other words, pragmatism is the study of mediators in that context. There are
several definitions used by linguists and professionals who present their views
on pragmatic.
11
by a listener (or reader). It means that, Ppragmatics is more related to the
analysis of what people mean by their words than what might be meant by
of, or dependent on, the use of language.” The central topics of examination
others.There are two types of general, oral and written languages, but writing is
intentions of people, their goals and objectives, and all kinds of actions.
technical term fromGreek for one the most basic things do with the utterances
by pointing via language, it called deictic expression”. The first forms are used
to indicate person via person (me, you) or place via spatial deixis (here, there)
or time via temporal deixis (now, then). The most fundamental difference
between deictic expressions is "near the speaker" and "far from the speaker".
"now". The term "far from the speaker" or "distal" is "that" and"there".
12
utterance or speech event, and thus also concerns ways in which the
utterance”. From what Levinson said, there were five types of deixis. The first
is person deixis. Person deixis is contain first person deixis, second person
deixis, and third person deixis. The next is time deixis, place deixis, discourse
deixis and social deixis. Whereas, according to Yule (1996), Deixis category is
divided into three categories. Person deixis, spatial deixis, and temporal deixis.
intersection between linguistic structure and the social setting where speech or
are distinguished by spatial (here and there), temporal (now, then, and tense),
context).
Based on the explanation above, deixis can be defined as a term that its
point or show something, identify people, objects, events, processes, etc. Also
13
2.3 Types of Deixis
categories of deixis. There are person deixis, time deixis, place deixis, social
the encoding of the role of participants in the speech event in which the
participants mean speakers and recipients. For example, when you (as a
speaker) interact with someone (receiver) and say "I agree with you". You
replace based on the context means the person who speaks with the
include pronouns (I, you, they, we, she, he, it, me, them, us, him; mine,
possessive adjectives (my, your, our, their, his, its, her), and verb
inflection (I like, you like, he or she likes). Person deixis consists of three
categories. They are 1st person, 2nd Person and 3rd Person.”
14
Table 2.3.1 Person Deixis
First I We
1. First Person
deixis as follows:
The word "I"is the first person, as the one who said
2. Second Person
15
or more addressees”. The example of second person, as
follow:
3. Third Person
third-person, as follow:
16
2.3.2 Place or Spatial Deixis
event.
location of the participant of the speech event”. In this case there are
Proximal means ‘near from the speaker’ and distal means ‘far from
Dandy is there.
17
and spans relative to the time at which the utterance was spoken (or a
develops from time to time, it seems natural to be able to use the words
time deixis to refer or show a part of the discourse as seen in the language:
last week and next Thursday. The examples of discourse deixis can be seen
as follows:
18
deixis of discourse because it refers to these discourse in the form of
stories.
The last types of deixis are social deixis. According to Levinson, (1983)
and some referents.” Moreover, Levinson, (1983) explained that “Social deixis
determined by certain realities of the social situation in which the speech act
deixis is related to the social aspects of speakers and recipients. Like between
the speaker and the listener since social interaction. Bellow the examples of
the sentence "Good Day Mom" it refers to social interaction. In the second
sentence also refers to the social interaction of the speaker and the recipient.
2.4 ATLAS.ti
19
quantitative research, and mixed method research. According to Sandy, (2016)
“Atlas.ti software can help in organizing, coding, and analyzing our research
various types of data such as audio, video data, image data, or written data
data collection. Supported by Drivjer, (2012) Atlas.ti has four advantages when
compared to other software, namely: 1) Atlas.ti can read various types of data,
Atlas.ti users, 3) Atlas.ti has good guidelines, there is online assistance, and
(2012) in her book she stated that “Atlas.ti is the same as other qualitative
software, not really analyzing data, only simple tools that can help the
qualitative data analysis process”. This also has justification from previous
researchers. Here are some studies that have used Atlas.ti software in their
research, as follows:
1. Van Nes & Doorman (2010) Analyzing his research data qualitatively
20
2. Jupri (2015) in his research conducts data analysis through three steps
and 3) the results are re -checked through coding given at the beginning
analysis.
assisted by Atlas.ti.
for the development of theory such as the ability to build a conceptual diagram
the United Kingdom by US HBO (United Stated Home Box Office) and
released in 2019. Chernobyl tells about disasters in Chernobyl in 1986 and how
the government's efforts to overcome this disaster. Craig Mazin is the person
who wrote his film script accompanied by Johan Rinck as the film director,
and in the UK on May 7, 2019. This film was recognized by critics who
21
direction, scenarios, music and tones. The film also received nineteen
Golden Globe Award, this series won for the best miniseries. The more
5. Cast :
- Main Cast:
22
Adrian Rawlins as Nikolai Fomin, the chief engineer at
Chernobyl.
Sam Troughton as Aleksandr Akimov, the night shift
supervisor at Chernobyl.
Robert Emms as Leonid Toptunov, the senior engineer at
Chernobyl.
David Dencik as Mikhail Gorbachev, the General Secretary
of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.
Mark Lewis Jones as Vladimir Pikalov, the commander of
the Soviet chemical forces.
Alan Williams as Charkov, the KGB's first deputy
chairman.
Alex Ferns as Andrei Glukhov, the mining crew chief.
Ralph Ineson as Nikolai Tarakanov, the chief supervisor of
the cleanup operation.
Barry Keoghan as Pavel Gremov, a
civilian liquidator draftee.
Fares Fares as Bacho, a Georgian soldier and Soviet–
Afghan War veteran who trains Pavel.
Michael McElhatton as Andrei Stepashin, the prosecutor
for the trial of Dyatlov, Bryukhanov, and Fomin.
- Recurring:
23
Joshua Leese as Igor Kirschenbaum, a senior turbine
control engineer at Chernobyl.
Nadia Clifford as Svetlana Zinchenko, a doctor treating
Vasily Ignatenko and others with radiation sickness.
Jamie Sives as Anatoly Sitnikov, the deputy chief
operational engineer at Chernobyl sent to inspect the
exploded core.
Baltasar Breki Samper as Alexei Ananenko, one of the
volunteers who drained water in Chernobyl's basement to
prevent an explosion.
Philip Barantini as Valeri Bezpalov, one of the volunteers
who drained water in Chernobyl's basement to prevent an
explosion.
Oscar Giese as Boris Baranov, one of the volunteers who
drained water in Chernobyl's basement to prevent an
explosion.
Douggie McMeekin as Aleksandr Yuvchenko, a senior
engineer-mechanic on duty the night of the explosion.
Michael Socha as Mikhail, a resident of Pripyat and father
of a young baby who are both present on the bridge
watching the fire.
- Guest:
Natasha Radski as Russian news reader.
Jay Simpson as Valeriy Perevozchenko, the foreman in the
reactor section.
Michael Colgan as Mikhail Shchadov, Soviet Minister of
Coal Industry.
James Cosmo as a miner.
Peter Guinness as Major Burov.
24
Hilton McRae as Milan Kadnikov, the judge presiding over
the trial of Dyatlov, Bryukhanov, and Fomin.
Kieran O'Brien as Valery Khodemchuk, the night shift
main circulating pump operator at Chernobyl.
Alexej Manvelov as Garo, an Armenian soldier who
accompanies Bacho and Pavel.
Josef Altin as Soldier
6. Production Location : Lithuania and Ukraine
7. Cinematography : Jacob Ihre
8. Editors : Jinx Godfrey and Simon Smith
9. Production Companies : HBO and Sky UK
10. Distributor : Warner Bros Television Distributor
The series is taken from a true story that began with an explosion event
at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant (NPP), Ukraine on April 26, 1986. This
event was the worst nuclear disaster that had occurred in the history of
reactor number 4. This is then allegedly triggered the destruction of the reactor
tank and there are several series of vapor explosions in the Chernobly NPP.
Two years after the incident, an investigation effort was shown by the
Head of the Kurchatov Institute, Valery Legasov (Jared Harris). The Kurchatov
if Anatoly Dyatlov (Paul Ritter) was involved in a nuclear incident 2 years ago.
25
completed. Legasov then hid the recording somewhere. Strangely, Legasov
The series then featured a flashback scene two years ago. At that time,
Dyatlov did not heed the evidence of the explosion at his reactor. Dyatlov is
also not careful in handling after the explosion. Dyatlov once ordered some of
his men to reduce the temperature control of the reactor manually and caused a
Chernobyl, Viktor Bryukhanov (Con O'Neill) also ruled to his staff not to
case seems to deliberately cover up this case. But one day, Dyatlov began to
realize that he was exposed to the symptoms of acute nuclear radiation. In this
This study has relationship with the previous study. The first Deixis
Balikpapan University. This paper focus to describe how deixis are used in
according Yule and Levinson theory. The result of the research showed that
26
discourse deixis and social deixis. The total number of deixis in this speech are
344 utterances. The deixis that mostly used by the Donald Trump is the person
analyze the data. In this research, researcher used Yule theory to classify the
type of deixis. Result of the study is the researcher found 180 person deixis, 9
time deixis and 18 place deixis. In this study, person deixis is more dominant
Gate. This thesis uses descriptive qualitative method. The method of collecting
into five types: person deixis, time or temporal deixis, place or spatial deixis,
discourse deixis, and social deixis. The data take from the novel “A Tale of
Two Cities”. The steps to analyze the data are reading the novel, finding the
deixis, and classifying the types of deixis. The result of the research showed
that the total number of deixis in this novel is 510: social deixis 164 (32%), 125
person deixis (25%), 111 time deixis (22%), 74 place deixis (14%), and 36
27
discourse deixis (7%). The deixis that mostly used by the researcher is the
The fourth previous study written by Fitria, (2020) from STIE AAS of
collection technique, the researcher uses document analysis. The result of this
research shows that three types of deixis found in the movie subtitle of “First
However, it also found the difference from the research. The difference lies in
MovieSeries. Not only that, the difference in this research and other studies lies
researchers used the theory from Yule. While my research uses the theory of
Levinson.
28
CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHOD
29
systematically, factually and acurately.” The researcher interest to analyze
Deixis found in Chernobyl. In addition, researchers use relevant theories and
research to describe real-world data that focuses on the type and function of
deixis in the Chernobyl character.
This reseach concern in deixis used in the movie script. The data
sources of this reseach is Chernobyl movie by Craig Mazin published at 2019.
The data of this study based on five categories of deixis. The researcher was
downloaded from https://johnaugust.com accessed on 29 November 2021.
3.3.1 Observation
3.3.2 Documentation
30
to any first-person narrative produced by an individual which describes his
or her own actions, experience and belief.
31
grounded, lot of descriptions and able to explain about the process. The
following steps data analysis that should be reached:
In the data reduction step, the researcher selects the data, focuse on
the data on the problem under study, and works on simplification,
abstraction, and transformation. According to Wardhono et al., (2020)
“reduces data means summarizing, choosing the main things, focusing on
important things, looking for themes and patterns”. In addition, the
selection groups important and less important data, but that does not mean
that data that is less important also needs to be discarded. This
classification is solely to improve the interpretation of the results of data
analysis.
32
In this picture show a result of the analysis
Based on the results of data analysis through data reduction and data
display steps, the final step is to draw conclusions and validate the
conclusions drawn. The conclusion drawn is the answer to the research
question. However, the validity of the content of the conclusions and the
actual situation must be verified by the validity of the conclusions made.
Verification is an attempt to test the truth or rationality of a conclusion
with reality.
33
CHAPTER IV
FINDING AND DISCUSSION
In this chapter the researcher discusses the findings and discussions about
the types of deixis and what is the dominant deixis in the Chernobyl movie.
4.1 Finding
issues where the first question is related to the type of deixis found in the film
script "Chernobyl" by Craig Mazin. Then, the second problem is what type of
background. Researcher only take four characters who have the influence
of peting in the course of the story. The four characters are Legasov, Ulana
34
Picture 4.1.1 Person Deixis (A)
35
Picture 4.1.3 Person Deixis (C)
36
Picture 4.1.5 Person Deixis (E)
37
Picture 4.1.7 Person Deixis (G)
38
Picture 4.1.9 Person Deixis (I)
39
In Picture 4.1.1 to 4.1.10 is the result of the analysis in the Atlas
Sotware. Found 450 deixis personnel in these four characters. In this also
includes First Person Deixis, Second Person Deixis and Third Person
Deixis.
40
This picture contains the results of the analysis using Atlas.ti.
chosen characters.
Where researchers found 48 time deixis in utterances from the four chosen
characters.
41
This picture contains the results of the analysis using Atlas.ti.
chosen characters.
42
This picture contains the results of the analysis using Atlas.ti.
chosen characters.
using various cues. In the person deixis can be classified into three
parts, namely the first person, the second person, and the third
person.
a. First-Person Deixis
where the speaker is a singular pronoun (I, me, myself, and mine)
and can also be plural pronouns (we, us, ourselves, our, ours).
43
Excerpt 1
it, the way they always do. Will you prevail? I do not
while listening to the sound recording from someone who had not
been shown by the author. Then Legasov turned off the voice
Excerpt 2
44
confused about what to do to prevent it. In his utterance, there is
pronouns that refer to Dyatlov and his team in the control room.
Excerpt 3
all right?”
the interrogation.
there is also the word "me" which refers to Khomyuk, and the
word is also one of the Deictic words from the first person of
Deixis.
45
Excerpt 4
water”.
the word "we" so that the word also included a plural pronoun.
b. Second-Person Deixis
person deixis.
Excerpt 5
46
The context of this conversation is a discussion between the
expressing his opinion that can help the effect of the effects of
Excerpt 6
seemed to have the same view. Until finally Dyatlov was angry
seen arguing but the opinion was different from Dyatlov. In the
Excerpt 7
47
Ulana Khomyuk: “I'm a nuclear physicist. Before you were
factory”.
the conversation, Garanin looks like it does not care about what
Excerpt 8
Boris Shcherbina: “You are the Legasov who is the First Deputy
Energy?”.
person deixis. The word “you” refers to the listener that is being
c. Third-Person Deixis
48
Third-person deixis implies the gender to which the
such as (he, she, him, his, her, it, herself, and himself) and plural
person deixis.
Excerpt 9
Legasov: “I've seen them before. They've been here the whole
time.”
in the third person deixis category. The word "they" is also used
plural pronoun. Means that in that sentence there are two Third-
Excerpt 10
priority is...”
49
In his sentence Dyatlov said "Our First Priority is .....". In
the category third person deixis. The word refers his team in the
control room.
Excerpt 11
closest?”.
is part of the third deixis oprang. The word refers to people who
Excerpt 12
water”.
50
4.1.1.2 Place Deixis
places, proximal (close to the speaker) and distal (far from the
Excerpt 13
included in the form of proximal term, where the word "here" in the
Excerpt 15
provisions, which means the word refers to a place far from the
speaker.
51
Excerpt 16
There was a deixis of the "This" place which referred to the place
the proximal term, because the word mentions the place where the
speaker is.
writer and the listener or reader. Time expression varies from one
(present) and distal (the past). Examples of words that show deixis
time are now, today, yesterday, tomorrow, this year, years, next year,
this week, last week, front, etc. Below are some examples of time
deixis.
Excerpt 17
Legasov: “If you fly over the core, I promise you, by tomorrow
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In this dialogue, Legasov is seen using the word "Tomorrow
Morning". The word refers to the future in the future. So the word
Excerpt 18
Dyatlov: “Now”.
"now" used by Dyatlov refers to the present time. Where the word is
Excerpt 19
form of time deixis. The word "This Afterloon" refers the time
of discourse deixis are the use of the words "This" and "that". Direct
53
settlement can also include many other ways in which language
Speech shows that the utterances contained are not directed to the
Excerpt 20
Excerpt 21
by Khomyuk. That word refers to the events that occur in the actual
54
Excerpt 22
Boris Shcherbina: “I'm sorry for all this. But we needed to speak to
you without...”
"This". The word "This" refers to the discourse that has been said
before. The word "that" also refers to many forms of deixis that
Excerpt 23
55
In the conversation delivered by Legasov using social deixis
and Charkov.
Excerpt 24
"Thank you". The word "thank you" contains social aspects which in
the word include the interaction between the speaker and the
interlocutor.
Excerpt 25
Legasov: “Hello?”.
"Hello". The word “Hello” contains the social aspect of the speaker
and the addressee, such as between the speaker and hearer since
social interaction.
Chernobyl. Researchers only focus on the four characters chosen. The four
56
they were chosen because they played an important role in the storyline of
this film. In the analysis, researchers found five types of deixis namely
person deixis, place deixis, time deixis, discourse deixis, and social deixis.
In the five types of deixis there is one of the most dominant types of
Person
Deixis
TOTAL DEIXIS FOUND
500 450
400
300
Place Time Total
200 Discourse Social
Deixis Deixis Deixis Deixis
100 57 48 36 26
0
Person Place Deixis Time Deixis Discourse Social
Deixis Deixis Deixis
In the chart the deixis person is the most dominant among others.
Deixis person ranks first with a total of 450. In this case it is proven that
the four characters often appoint people in each of their utterances, thus
4.2 Discussion
statement of the problem. The first question is related to what type of deixis is
in the “Chernobyl” movie and the second question is related to the dominant
one of the most basic things we do with utterances. It means “pointing” via
57
language. Any linguistic form used to accomplish this “pointing” is called
means to indicate something. This means that the deixis word is used as a way
also stated that “Deixis concerns the ways in which languages encode or
analysis of that context of utterance”. Seen from the results of the study, the
Shcherbina that have the main role in the movie. Not only that, the researcher
found research data presented there were five different types of deixis: Person
Deixis, Place Deixis, Time Deixis, Discourse Deixis, and Social Deixis.
The first is person deixis. In person deixis is divided into three parts,
Person deixis is used to discussing about themself. In this case, the speaker
discussed about himself in his utterance. Examples as in the sentence "I want
you to tell everything that happens the night of the accident". The words "I"
and "me" are included in a singular pronoun. While the word "you" in the
sentence also refers to people. Based on the Levinson Theory (1983), The
person deixis idenified words (I, me, you, your, they, he, his, she, her).
The second is place deixis. In this section the researcher found the
phrase "he's in shock. Get him out of here". The word "here" here here refers to
the place of the incident. Place deixis is used to show location or place.
58
According to Yule, (1996) The concept of distance already mentioned is
clearly relevant to spatial deixis, where the relative location of people and
The third is time deixis. In this type the researcher found the phrase "if
we're seeing them out in the open now" which was said by Boris Shcherbina.
The word "now" shows time deixis, which refers to the time when the speaker
is saying the sentence. Time deixis means having a function to explain the
conditions of time from the past until the moment of speech was expressed.
According to Yule, (1996) time deixis is employed to describe the time leaked
by the character. Is now, tomorrow, yesterday, next week, or last week, this is
The next type is discourse deixis. Researcher found the words "that all
that matters" said by Dyatlov. The word "that" is included in the type of
discourse deixis because the word refers to the ongoing discourse section.
The last type of deixis is social deixis. The researcher found utterance
the person. Levinson, (1983) stated that “There are many other qualities of
59
relationship that may be grammaticalized, e.g. kinship relations, The other
main kind of socially deictic information that is often relevant social system”.
In the next will discuss the most dominant deixis in this analysis. In the
results that have been known above the researcher found five types of deixis;
Person Deixis, Place Deixis, Time Deixis, Discourse Deixis and Social Deixis
in the film script from the four chosen characters. From the results above found
the most dominant deixis personis, the deixis person in this analysis amounted
to 450. The two most dominant were Place Deixis with a total of 57. Then
followed by time deixis with a total of 48. After that there was a discourse
deixis with a total of 36 and the At least dominant is social deixis with a total
of only 26.
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CHAPTER V
Suggestion. The conclusion is drawn from the results obtained in the previous
chapter, while the suggestion aims to provide information for further research.
5.1 Conclusion
In this study researcher found five types of deixis used by the four
characters: Legasov, Dyatlov, Ulana Khomyuk and Boris Shcherbina. The first
type five is deixis person, where in this deixis person aims to point to someone.
The second type is place deixis, this deixis is used to show a place or location.
The third type is time deixis, clearly from the name deixis is used to show time
afterwards. The last is social deixis where deixis refers to social classes and
social situations.
Not only that, the researcher also found the dominant type of deixis
between the five types of deixis. The most dominant deixis is a person deixis
with a total 450, the second is place deixis with a total 57, followed by time
deixis with a total 48, the fourth is discourse deixis with a total 36, and the least
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5.2 Suggestion
After getting the results of the analysis, the researcher want to give
1. For Student
about deixis, and know the application of deixis in daily life. Researcher
also hope that students understand more about Pragmatics and their
researcher hopes that this research can be used as a reference from his
3. For teacher
teaching material.
62
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Tjetjep Rohendi Rohidi. 1992. Jakarta : Penerbit Universitas Indonesia.
63
Niami, A. Y. (2020). Deixis Analysis Used by the Main Character in the Movie
Script of “Hotel Transylvania 3: Summer Vacation.Sarjana Thesis. English
Education Department. Faculty of Tarbiyah and Teacher Training. State
Islamic Institute (IAIN) of Tulungagung.
Ondondo, E. A. (2015). Acquired Language Disorders as Barriers to Effective
Communication. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 5(7), 1324.
https://doi.org/10.17507/tpls.0507.02.
Van Nes, F. & Doorman, M. (2010). The Interaction Between Multimedia Data
Analysis and Theory Development in Design Research.
Yin, Robert, K. (2010) Qualitative Research from Start to Finish. Guilford Pres.
ISBN 1606239775, 9781606239773.
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APPENDICES
65