CULTIVATION OF SWEET CORN

A.Growing Conditions

Corn plants have good adaptability to soil

Soil types of sandy loam and clay soil with a soil pH of 6 -8.

The temperature for optimal corn growth is between 24-30 °C. Corn plant

Pacta growth period requires 45-60 cm of air. Air availability

Increase by offering enough artificial fertilizer to increase

Root growth, plant density as well as to protect from weeds and

Pest attack.

The ideal rainfall is around 85-200 mm/month and should be evenly distributed. In phase

Flowering and seed filling need to get enough water. Which is planted

The beginning of the rainy season or before the dry season. Need sunshine,

Shaded plants, their growth will be stunted and produce results

Non-optimal seeds. The optimum temperature is between 23º C – 30º C. Corn does not

Requires special soil requirements, but loose, fertile and rich soil

Humus will produce optimally. Soil pH between 5.6-7.5. Riau Region

In particular, the soil type is dominated by red yellow popzolic (PMK).

Known to contain little nutrients, little organic matter and ph

Low (Surtinah and Lidar 2012).

1. Always consume quality fresh seeds at a high level

Germination is 85%.

2. Use seed varieties that have undergone improved clans that are recognized by

Govt, buy seeds from seed companies.

3. Seeds must be of varieties suitable for local conditions.

4. The recommended amount of seed per hectare is 25 kg.

5. Avoid the occurrence of bad sprouts, insect attack, disease,

Birds and rodents.

Seed condition

Seeds must be of high quality both genetically, physically and physiologically (seeds

Hybrid). Power to grow seeds more than 90%. Seed needs ± 20-30 kg / ha.

Before planting the seeds should be soaked in NASA POC (dose of 2-4 cc/lt

Water overnight).

C. Land Processing

The land is cleared of previous crop residues, crop residues

Quite a lot is burned, the ashes are returned to the ground, then hoeed

And processed with a plow. The soil to be planted is dug 15-20 cm deep.

Then leveled. Every 3 m made drainage channels along the rowplant. Channel width 25-30 cm, depth
20 cm. This channel is created primarily

On soils with poor drainage. In areas with a pH of less than 5, soil

Limed (dose of 300 kg/ha) by spreading lime evenly/in rows

Plants, ± 1 month before planting. Before planting the land should be spread

GLIO which has been mixed with mature manure to prevent

Wilt disease in corn plants.

1. Distance between beds 75 -80 cm

2. The distance between plants in the beds is 20 -25 cm

3. The recommended density is 53,333 plants / ha.

E. Implementation of Planting

1. Land Preparation

a. Provision of natural fertilizers and compost on the land

b. Make low beds with a distance of 75 cm between the beds

2. Planting time and planting depth

a. Planting time when the rainy season arrives

b. Put 1 seed in each hole

c. Planting depth depends on soil type, humidity and temperature.

Under good planting conditions the ideal depth is 5 cm. So that

Can germinate well, after the seeds are sown, seeds pressed -press with the foot. Seeds can
go deeper into the soil

Sandy than clay soil

d. Designate a hole for the basic fertilizer using a cup

fertilizer after the seeds are sown. In conditions of air temperature 24 -34 ° C and

ideal moist soil, then the corn seeds will be able to

germinate 4 -5 days after sowing.

F. Planting Techniques

1. Determination of Plant Patterns

Some of the commonly applied cropping patterns:

a. Intercropping (intercropping), planting more than 1

Plants (same age or different). Example: equal age intercropping

Such as corn and soybeans; intercropping of different ages such as corn,

Cassava, upland rice.

Throughout the year taking into account other factors to

Get maximum profit. Example: young corn, upland rice,

Soybeans, peanuts, etc.

c. Inserted Crops (Relay Cropping): cropping patterns with

Insert one or several types of plants other than the main plant

(at the same planting time or at different times).

Example: corn is inserted with peanuts, when the corn is approaching

Harvest pasted long beans.

d. Mixed Cropping: planting consists of several

Plants and grow without adjusting the spacing or range,

All mixed together. Land efficient, but risky to

Threat of pests and diseases. Example: mixed crops like

Corn, soybean, cassava.

2. Planting Hole and Planting Method

The planting hole is drilled, 3-5 cm deep, and only 1 is filled in each hole

Seeds. Corn planting distance adjusted to the age of harvest,

The longer the age the wider the spacing. Aged corn

Harvest more than 100 days from planting, spacing 40×100 cm (2

Plants/holes). Corn harvest age 80-100 days, the spacing 25×75 cm (1 plant/hole).

G. Plant Management

1. Spacing and Embroidery

Plants that grow the least well, cut with a knife or

Sharp scissors just above ground level. Plant removal

Directly should not be done, because it will injure the roots of other plants that are

Will be allowed to grow. Embroidering aims to replace the seeds that

Does not grow/die, done 7-10 days after planting (dap). Number and type

Seeds and treatment in embroidery the same as when planting.

2. Weeding

Weeding is done every 2 weeks. Weeding on corn plants

Do not disturb the roots of plants that are still at that age

Not strong enough to grip the ground then do it after the plant

15 days old.

Hoarding

Pembumbunan done simultaneously with weeding to strengthen

The position of the stem so that the plant does not easily fall over and closes the roots

Appear above the soil surface due to aeration. Done when

Plants 6 weeks old, at the same time as the fertilization. Land on

To the right and left of the row of plants was filled with a hoe, then

Buried in rows of plants. In this way a mound will form

Elongated.

Irrigation and Watering

After the seeds are planted, watering is sufficient, except when the soil

Already moist, the goal is to keep the plants from wilting. But ahead

Flowering plants, the water needed is greater so it needs to be circulated water

In the trenches between the corn plants.

H. Pests and Diseases

1. Pests

a. Seed fly (Atherigona exigua Stein) Symptoms: leaves change color

becomes yellowish, the affected part decays,

eventually the plant withers, plant growth becomes stunted

or die. Cause: seed flies with the characteristics of the color of the fly are gray,

back color greenish yellow striped, belly color brown

yellowish, pearl white egg color, and flies 3-3.5 mm long.

Control: (1) simultaneous planting and application of crop rotation.

(2) Affected plants are removed and destroyed immediately. (3) Sanitation

Garden. (4) spray with PESTONA

b. Cutting Caterpillar

Symptoms: plants cut a few cm above the ground, marked

Young fall. Causes: several types of cutter caterpillars: Agrotis ipsilon;

Spodoptera litura, corn stalk borer (Ostrinia furnacalis), and

Corn fruit borer (Helicoverpa armigera). Control: (1) Plant

Simultaneously or crop rotation; (2) find and kill the caterpillars

(usually found in the ground); (3) Spray PESTONA, VITURA

Or VIREXI.

I. Fertilization And Maintenance

For good fertilization it is recommended to use bio biological fertilizers

Extreme 10 ml L

-1

And zpt hormax 4 ml L

Order to produce cob weight without

Klobot 304.56 grm (Surtirnah 2008) and the use of manure/compost 20

Tonnes/ha. As for an organic fertilizer: Urea 300 kg / ha, TSP 100 kg / ha,

KCI 50 kg / ha. Basic fertilizer is given before planting or simultaneously planting

Amount of 20 tons / ha of organic fertilizer, 100 kg / ha of Urea, 100 kg of TSP, daD 50 kg / ha

KCl by making an array or ditugalkan then closed again with

Soil with a distance of 10 cm from the planting line / planting hole. Follow-up fertilizer

Given 3 weeks after planting in the form of Urea 100 kg / ha, the allegation that

Ethlen content in ZPT Homax and Traumalin Hormone causes the process

Seed ripening is faster and better (Surtinah and Nurwati 2017).

Continue the second follow-up fertilizer on 5-week-old plants in the amount of 100

kgUrea/ha.

The first weeding is done as soon as the grass / weeds start

Grown by shallow tillage on plants aged 2

Sunday. The second weeding is done after the plants are 3-4 weeks old

At the same time hoarding is done on the rows of corn plants.

1. Downy mildew disease

Cause: the fungi Peronosclerospora maydis and P. Javanica and P.

Philippinensis, rampant at temperatures of 270 C and above and conditions moist air. Symptoms: (1)
2-3 weeks of age, leaves are sharp, small, stiff,

Stem growth is stunted, color is yellow, the underside of leaves is present

White fungus spore layer; (2) aged 3-5 weeks experienced

Growth disorders, leaves change color from the base of the leaf,

Deformed and stuffed cobs; (3) on mature plants, there are brownish stripes on old leaves. Control:
(1) ahead of planting

Or the beginning of the rainy season; (2) cropping patterns and crop rotation patterns,

Planting resistant varieties; (3) remove infected plants and destroy them; (4)

Preventive at the beginning of planting with GLIO.

2. Leaf spot disease (Leaf bligh) Cause: Helminthosporium fungus

Turcicum. Symptoms: the leaves appear elongated and regular spots

Yellow and surrounded by brown, spots develop and

Extends from the tip of the leaf to the base of the leaf, initially the spots appear

Wet, then changed color to yellowish brown,then turns dark brown. Finally the entire leaf surface
brown. Control: (1) crop rotation. (2) set conditions the land is not damp; (3) Prevention begins with
GLIO. 3. Rust disease Cause: the fungus Puccinia sorghi Schw and P.polypora Underw. Symptom: on
mature plants, old leaves have red dots brown like rust and there is a brownish yellow powder, The
powder of this fungus grows and elongates. Control: (1) regulate humidity; (2) planting disease
resistant varieties; (3) garden sanitation; (4) spray with GLIO. 4. Burn smut disease (Corn smut/boil
smut) Cause: the fungus Ustilago maydis (DC) Cda, Ustilago zeae (Schw) Ung, Uredo zeae Schw,
Uredo maydis DC. Symptoms: entry of this fungus into in the seeds on the cob so that swelling
occurs and expels gland (gall), this swelling causes the wrapping to break and scattered spores.
Control: (1) regulate humidity; (2) cut plant parts and burned; (3) the seeds to be planted are mixed
with GLIO and POC NASA. 5. Cob rot disease and seed rot Cause: The fungus Fusarium or Gibberella,
among others, Gibberella zeae (Schw), Gibberella fujikuroi (Schw), Gibberella moniliforme.
Symptoms: can it is known after opening the cob wrapper, the colored corn kernels pink or brownish
red then turns into color dark brown. Control: (1) planting resistant varieties of corn, crop rotation,
spacing, seed treatment; (2) GLIO at the start plant. Note: If controlling pests and diseases using
pesticides natural has not overcome can be used recommended chemical pesticides. In order to
spray chemical pesticides more evenly and not easily lost by rainwater add AERO 810 Leveling
Adhesive, dose + 5 ml (1/2 lid)/tank. Corn Plant Water Management One of the efforts to increase
productivity to support the program corn agribusiness development is the provision of sufficient
water for plant growth (Directorate General of Food Crops 2005). It is based on the fact that almost
79% of the maize planting area in Indonesia is located in dry land, and the remaining 11% and 10%
respectively in paddy fields irrigated and rainfed paddy fields (Mink et al. 1987). 2002 data shows an
increase in the area of land use for corn crops

To 10-15% in irrigated paddy fields and 20-30% in irrigated paddy fields

Rain (Kasryno 2002). Corn cultivation activities in Indonesia to date

Still dependent on rainwater. To get around this, water management must

Optimally, namely on time, in the right amount, and on target,

So that it is efficient in efforts to increase productivity and expand the area

Cropping and increasing cropping intensity. In addition, anticipate drought

Plants due to insufficient supply of rainwater need to be handled with various measures

Efforts include pumping.

Corn is a crop with a moderate level of water use,

Ranging from 400-500 mm (FAO 2001). However, the cultivation of corn

Constrained by the unavailability of water in the right amount and time. Specifically

In lowland rainfed paddy fields, soil moisture remains

In excessive amounts will interfere with plant growth.

Meanwhile, delaying planting time will cause stress

Lack of water in the growth phase until seed formation. Therefore,Water management technology is
needed for corn plants. Water management is necessary

Adapted to natural physical resources (soil, climate, water sources) and biology

By utilizing various scientific disciplines to bring water to the roots

Plants so as to increase production (Nobe and Sampath 1986).

The target of water management is to achieve four main objectives, namely: (1)

Efficient use of water and high crop production, (2) cost efficiency

Water use, (3) equitable distribution of water use on the basis of the nature of the presence of water

Which is always there but limited and uncertain in occurrence and amount, and (4)

Achieving the sustainability of the system of efficient use of water resources

Environment. In conjunction with water management for corn crops

Which is widely cultivated in dry and rainfed land, water management

Important to note.
K. Harvest and Post Harvest

1. Characteristics and Age of Harvest

For sweet corn, it is approximately 60-75 days after planting.

Corn for vegetables is harvested before the seeds are filled

Full (cob diameter 1-2 cm), boiled/grilled corn, harvested when

Mature milk and corn for corn rice, fodder, seed, flour etc

Harvested when physically ripe. The cobs are heavy with sweet corn husks

In studies that do not use biological fertilizers and ZPT are reported

Able to obtain the highest cob weight without greasing is 372.19

Gram (Lidar and Sutinah 2012).

2. How to Harvest

Rotate the cobs along with the husks/break the corn stalks.

3. Stripping

Peeled while still attached to the stem or after picking is complete,

So that the water content in the cob can be lowered so that the fungus does not

Grow.

4. Drying

Drying the corn in the sun (± 7-8 days) to a moisture content of ±

9%-11% or by drying machine.

L. processing of corn pudding

You don’t like corn? Corn Pudding can of course be al

Use baby corn or sweet corn. Can also replace fresh corn with canned corn

Bring the jelly mixture to a boil over medium heat while continuing to stir so the coconut milk
doesn’t break
Fresh coconut milk can be replaced with ready-made instant coconut milk or fresh milk

If you use coconut milk and the result is that the coconut milk feels dominant, then you can use just
one instant coconut milk. However, it is highly recommended to replace coconut milk with fresh or
sweetened condensed milk

If you want to use vla pudding, only measure a little sugar so that the pudding is not too sweet

So that the color is sharper, for the yellow layer you can add 2 drops of yellow coloring

To get the results of the pudding which results and a soft texture, you can add a measure of water.