1.

Từ vựng dạng bài miêu tả biểu đồ

Miêu tả xu hướng thay đổi

Xu hướng Danh từ Động từ

Xu hướng tăng A rise Rise
A growth Grow
An increase Increase
A climb Climb
An upward trend Go up 
An Improvement Uplift
A jump (sky) Rocket
A leap Upsurge
Soar
Move upward
Improve
Jump
Leap 
Xu hướng giảm A drop  Drop
A fall Fall
A decrease Decrease
A decline Decline
A reduction  Reduce
A downfall Go down
A collapse Collapse 
A dip Dip
Xu hướng ổn định A steadiness  Remain steady
A plateau Plateau
A static  Remain static  
A stability  Remain stable 
Xu hướng giao động A fluctuation  Fluctuate
Variation Vary
Đạt mức cao nhất A peak  Peak at 
Highest point To reach a peak of 
Đạt mức thấp nhất Lowest point  Hit a low point
Hit a trough
Hit the lowest
 Ex: To begin, the percentage of pupils in voluntary-controlled schools fell from just over half to
only 20% or one fifth from 2000 to 2009.
 The next most popular country for Britons to move to was Spain, though its popularity declined
over the time frame to finish at below 30,000 in 2007.
 Visits abroad increased significantly to over 50 million, whereas the number of overseas
residents rose steadily to reach just under 30 million.
 While the figure for factories in Japan went up dramatically to 120,000 in 2010, the quantity in
Korea plummeted to 12,000 at the same time.

Miêu tả tốc độ thay đổi

Tốc độ thay đổi Tính từ Trạng từ

Nhanh Dramatic Dramatically
Tremendous Tremendously
Significant Significantly 
Rapid Rapidly 
Considerable  Considerably 
Sharp Sharply 
Sudden  Suddenly
Steep  Steeply 
Enormous Enormously
Substantial  Substantially
Remarkable Remarkably
Trung bình Noticeable Noticeably
Marked Markedly
Moderate Moderately
Chậm Steady Steadily
Gradual  Gradually
Moderate Moderately
Consistent Consistently
Minimal Minimally
Slight  Slightly 
Slow Slowly
Constant Constantly
Marginal  Marginally

Ex: 

 The number of people working out increased marginally from 1980 to 2020.
 IT was still higher overall, though it dropped slightly from 1994 to 1996.
 It is characterized by steeply dipping to sub-vertical foliations to the east, and gently dipping
foliations to the west.
Xem thêm: Cách viết biểu đồ đường trong IELTS Writing Task 1

2. Từ vựng dạng bài miêu tả bản đồ (Map)

Miêu tả sự xuất hiện

Từ vựng Ý nghĩa
Build Xây dựng
Construct Dựng lên
Erect Trồng trọt
Plant Nổi lên, lớn lên
Emerge Hình thành
Come into being  Xuất hiện
Spring up 

Ex: 
  If the site is built here, it will be next to a large housing estate, thus providing easy access for
those living on the estate and in the city center.
 They are planning to construct a new supermarket near ourhouse. 
 They plan to erect an officeblock there.
 During the experiment, weeds that emerged were removed.

Miêu tả sự biến mất

Từ vựng Ý nghĩa
Destroy Phá hủy
Deconstruct Phá bỏ, dỡ bỏ
Vanish Biến mất 
Demolish Phá hủy
Knock down Hạ gục
Devastate Tàn phá 
Cut down Cắt giảm
Disappear Disappear

Ex: 

 She was devastated by the terriblenews.

 If these become damaged or even destroyed by exogenous influences the continuation of a
species may be in danger.
 They’re demolishing the old buildings in the center of town.

Miêu tả phương hướng

Tính từ Ý nghĩa

North Northern Hướng Bắc

South Southern Hướng Nam 
East Eastern  Hướng Đông
West Western Hướng Tây 
Northeast Northeastern Hướng đông Bắc
Southeast Northwestern Hướng Đông Nam 
Northwest Southeastern Hướng Tây Bắc
Southwest Southwestern Hướng Tây Nam

Ex: 

 The relevant distinction for this word (among others) is between a northeastern region and
southern region.
 The compassneedle is pointing to the south.
 Areas to the west and south would be defined as low or minimum risk.
Xem thêm: Cách viết dạng Map trong Writing Task 1 chi tiết nhất
 3. Từ vựng dạng bài miêu tả quy trình (Process)
Miêu tả các bước trong quy trình

Firstly
Secondly
Thirdly
Following that 

Subsequently : rồi sau đó

Finally 

After this step/process

Once this step is completed 
The steps involve: bước này bao gồm

Ex:

 Firstly, they were ignorant of fiqh; only through the concrete process of administering the Shari
ah did they learn about it at all.
 A great majority of the disagreements were subsequently resolved through discussion.
 Finally, there is a tremendous need for cost analysis of public health interventions.

Miêu tả chu kỳ hoặc sự lặp lại

Từ vựng Ý nghĩa
Continues indefinitely Tiếp tục vô thời hạn
The cycle then repeats itself  Chu trình đang lặp lại 

Ex: 

 Repeat this cycle slowly, gradually increasing the pace as you flex your spine backward and
forwards.
 Such speed could not continueindefinitely without triggering side effects, but higherinflation.
Xem thêm: Hướng dẫn viết dạng bài Writing Task 1 Process chi tiết từ A-Z

4. Những cụm từ không thể bỏ qua nếu muốn

đạt điểm cao
 Sử dụng một số từ nối: but, likewise, also, while, according to statistics/survey
data/estimation, According to the graph/figures, it is clear that, it can be seen that, it is
noticeable that, in contrast, however, whereas, on the other hand, in addition, furthermore,..,

Ex: 
According to statistics, it is becoming increasingly rare in many Western countries for families to eat
together.

 Những cụm từ dùng để liệt kê: Firstly/ First of all, Secondly, After that, From this, Next, After
this, Following this, At the first stage, In general, In common, It is obvious, As can be seen, At
the first glance, At the onset, It is clear that A glance at the graph reveals that,... 

EX: 

As it is observed, the figures for imprisonment in the five mentioned countries show no overall
pattern, rather showing considerable fluctuations from country to country.

Overall, the leisure hours enjoyed by males, regardless of their employment status, was much higher
than that of women.

 Những cụm từ dùng cho mở bài: The … gives information about…, the … shows data
about…, the diagram shows the comparison of, the table figure represents the differences, the
graph enumerates the number of, the pie chart provides the amount of,... 

Ex: 

The chart gives information about consumer expenditures on six products in four countries namely
Germany, Italy, Britain and France.

The diagram shows employment rates among adults in four European countries from 1925 to 1985.

 Những cụm từ dùng cho kết bài: In conclusion, to sum up, taking everything into
consideration, in a nutshell, overall, in short, in a word, to summarise, to repeat in short,... 

Ex: 

In conclusion, the significant rise in the average age of people living in rural areas has resulted in a
lack of suitable people to fill the workforce and the closure of the majority of village schools, carrying
hardship to local communities. 

 Những cụm từ dùng để miêu tả quan điểm: In my opinion, personally speaking, my own view
on the matter is, …

Ex:

Personally (speaking), I think the show is going to be a great success.

Starting Presentation Type Verb Description

The/ the given / the diagram / table / figure / illustration / shows / represents / depicts / the comparison of…

supplied / the presented / graph / chart / flow chart / picture/ enumerates ( liệt kê ) / illustrates / the differences…

the shown / the provided presentation/ pie chart / bar graph/ presents/ gives / provides / delineates ( the changes...

column graph / line graph / table data/ mô tả vạch ra )/ outlines ( vạch ra) / the number of…

data / information / pictorial/ process describes / expresses/ denotes ( biểu information on…

diagram/ map/ pie chart and table/ thị ) / compares/ shows contrast / data on…

bar graph and pie chart ... indicates / figures / gives data on / gives the proportion of…

information on/ presents information the amount of…

about/ shows data about/ demonstrates/ information on...

sketch out/ summarises ( tổng kết) ... data about...

comparative data...

the trend of...

the percentages of...

the ratio of...

how the...

 
1.  The diagram shows employment rates among adults in four
European countries from 1925 to 1985.

2.  The given pie charts represent the proportion of male and female
employees in 6 broad categories, dividing into manual and non-manual
occupations in Australia, between 2010 and 2015. 

3.  The chart gives information about consumer expenditures on six

products in four countries namely Germany, Italy, Britain and France.

4.  The supplied bar graph compares the number of male and female
graduates in three developing countries while the table data presents
the overall literacy rate in these countries. 

5.  The bar graph and the table data depict the water consumption in
different sectors in five regions.

6.  The bar graph enumerates the money spent on different research
projects while the column graph demonstrates the fund sources over a
decade, commencing from 1981.

7.  The line graph delineates the proportion of male and female
employees in three different sectors in Australia between 2010 and
2015.

Note that, some teachers prefer the "The line graph

demonstrates..." instead of "The given line graph demonstrates...".
However, if you write "The given/ provided/ presented...." it would
be correct as well.  
Tips:
1. For a single graph use 's' after the verb, like - gives data on, shows/
presents etc. However, if there are multiple graphs, DO NOT use 's'
after the verb.
2. If there are multiple graphs and each one presents a different type of
data, you can write which graph presents what type of data and use
'while' to show a connection. For example - 'The given bar graph shows
the amount spent on fast food items in 2009 in the UK while the pie
chart presents a comparison of people's ages who spent more on fast
food. 

3. Your introduction should be quite impressive as it makes the first

impression on the examiner. It either makes or breaks your overall
score.

4. For multiple graphs and/ or table(s), you can write what they present
in combination instead of saying which each graph depicts. For
example, "The two pie charts and the column graph in
combination depicts a picture of the crime in Australia from
2005 to 2015 and the percentages of young offenders during
this period." 
Caution:
Never copy word for word from the question. If you do, you would be
penalised. always paraphrase the introduction in your own words.
General Statement Part:
The General statement is the first sentence (or two) you write in your
reporting. It should always deal with:

What + Where + When.

Example: The diagram presents information on the percentages of
teachers who have expressed their views about the different problems
they face when dealing with children in three Australian schools from
2001 to 2005. 

What = the percentages of teachers...

Where = three Australian schools...
When  = from 2001 to 2005...
A good General statement should always have these parts.

Vocabulary for the General Trend Part:

1. In general...
2. In common...
3. Generally speaking...
4. Overall...
5. It is obvious...
6. As it is observed...
7. As a general trend...
8. As can be seen...
9. As an overall trend/ As overall trend...
10. As it is presented...
11. It can be clearly seen that...
12. At the first glance...
13. It is clear,
14. At the onset...
15. It is clear that...
16. A glance at the graph(s) reveals that...
Example:
1.  In general, the employment opportunities increased till 1970 and
then declined throughout the next decade.

2.  As it is observed, the figures for imprisonment in the five mentioned

countries show no overall pattern, rather shows the considerable
fluctuations from country to country.

3.  Generally speaking, citizens in the USA had a far better life standard
than that of the remaining countries. 

4.  As can be seen, the highest number of passengers used the London
Underground station at 8:00 in the morning and at 6:00 in the evening.
4.  Generally speaking, more men were engaged in managerial positions
in 1987 than that of women in New York this year.

5.  As an overall trend, the number of crimes reported increased fairly

rapidly until the mid-seventies, remained constant for five years and
finally, dropped to 20 cases a week after 1982.

6.  At a first glance, it is clear that more percentages of native university

pupils violated regulations and rules than the foreign students did
during this period.

7.  At the onset, it is clear that drinking in public and drink-driving were
the most common reasons for US citizens to be arrested in 2014.

8.  Overall, the leisure hours enjoyed by males, regardless of their

employment status, was much higher than that of women.

The structure of the IELTS Academic Writing Task

1 (Report Writing):
Introduction:
Introduction (never copy word for word from the question) + Overview/
General trend (what the diagrams indicate at a first glance).
Reporting Details:
Main features in the Details
+ Comparison and Contrast of the data. (Do not give all the figures.)
+ Most striking features of the graph.

Conclusion:
Conclusion (General statement + Implications, significant comments)
[The conclusion part is optional.]
Tips:
1. Write the introduction and General trend in the same paragraph.
Some students prefer to write the 'General Trend' in a separate
paragraph and many teachers suggest both to be written in a single
paragraph. Unless you have a really good reason to write the general
trend in the second paragraph, try to write them both in the first
paragraph. However, this is just a suggestion, not a requirement.
2. Your 'Introduction (general statement + overall trend/ general trend)
should have 75 - 80 words.

3. DO NOT give numbers, percentages or quantity in your general

trend. Rather give the most striking feature of the graph that could be
easily understood at a glance. Thus it is suggested to AVOID -

"A glance at the graphs reveals that 70% of the male were employed in
2001 while 40 thousand women in this year had jobs."

And use a format /comparison like the following:

"A glance at the graphs reveals that more men were employed
than their female counterparts in 2001 and almost two-third of
females were jobless in the same year. "
 Vocabulary to Start the Report Body:
Just after you finish writing your 'Introduction' (i.e. General Statement
+ General overview/ trend), you are expected to start a new paragraph
to describe the main features of the diagrams. This second paragraph is
called the 'Body Paragraph / Report Body". You can have a single body
paragraph/ report body or up to 3, (not more than 3 in any case)
depending on the number of graphs provided in the question and the
type of these graphs. There are certain phrases you can use to start
your body paragraph and the following is a list of such phrases ---

1. As it is presented in the diagram(s)/ graph(s)/

pie chart(s)/ table...
2. As (it is) shown in the illustration...
3. As can be seen in the...
4. As the diagrams suggest...
5. According to the...
6. Categorically speaking...
7. Getting back to the details...
8. Now, turning to the details...
9. The table data clearly shows that...
10. The diagram reveals that...
11. The data suggest that...
12. The graph gives the figure...
13. It is interesting to note that...
14. It is apparently seen that...
15. It is conspicuous that...
16. It is explicitly observed that...
17. It is obvious...
18. It is clear from the data...
19. It is worth noticing that...
20. It is crystal clear/ lucid that...
21. It can be clearly observed that...
22. It could be plainly viewed that...
23. It could be noticed that...
24. We can see that...
 Vocabulary to show the changes:
Trends Verb form Noun Form

Increase rise / increase / go up / uplift / rocket(ed) / climb / a rise / an increase / an upward trend / a growth / a leap / a

upsurge / soar/ shot up/ improve/ jump/ leap/ move jump / an improvement/ a climb.

upward/ skyrocket/ soar/ surge.

Decrease fall / decrease / decline / plummet / plunge / drop / a fall / a decrease / a reduction / a downward trends /a 

reduce / collapse / deterioriate/ dip / dive / go down / downward tendency /  a decline/ a drop / a slide / a collapse /

take a nosedive / slum / slide / go into free-fall. a downfall.

Steadiness unchanged / level out / remain constant / remain a steadiness/ a plateau / a stability/ a static

steady / plateau / remain the same / remain stable /

remain static

Gradual   an upward trend / an upward tendency / a ceiling trend

increase ------------

Gradual   a downward trend / a downward tendency / a descending

decrease  ------------ trend

Standability level(ed) off / remain(ed) constant / remain(ed)  

/ Flat unchanged / remain(ed) stable / prevail(ed) consistency  No change, a flat, a plateau.

/ plateaued / reach(ed) a plateau / stay(ed) uniform

/immutable / level(ed) out/ stabilise/ remain(ed) the

same.

Examples:
1.  The overall sale of the company increased by 20% at the end of the
year.

2.  The expenditure of the office remained constant for the last 6
months but the profit rose by almost 25%.
3.  There was a 15% drop in the ratio of student enrollment at this
University.

4.  The population of the country remained almost the same as it was 2
years ago.

5.  The population of these two cities increase significantly in the last
two decades and it is expected that it will remain stable during the next
5 years.

Tips:
1. Use 'improve' / 'an improvement' to describe a situation like
economic condition or employment status. To denote numbers use
other verbs/nouns like increase.
2. Do not use the same word/ phrase over and over again. In fact, you
should not use a noun or verb form to describe a trend/change more
than twice; once is better!

3. To achieve a high band score you need to use a variety of vocabulary

as well as sentence formations.

Vocabulary to represent changes in graphs:

Type of Change Adverb form Adjective form
Rapid change dramatically / rapidly / sharply / quickly / dramatic / rapid / sharp / quick / hurried / speedy /

hurriedly / speedily / swiftly / significantly/ swift / significant / considerable / substantial /

considerably / substantioally / noticably. noticable.

Moderate change moderately / gradually / progressively / moderate / gradual / progressive /  sequential.

sequentially.  

Steady change  steadily/ ceaselessly. steady/ ceaseless.

Slight change slightly / slowly / mildly / tediously. slight / slow / mild / tedious.

Example: 
1.  The economic inflation of the country increased sharply by 20% in
2008.

2.  There was a sharp drop in industrial production in the year 2009. 

3.  The demand for new houses dramatically increased in 2002.

4.  The population of the country dramatically increased in the last

decade. 

5.  The price of oil moderately increased during the last quarter but as a
consequence, the price of daily necessities rapidly went up.
 

 Vocabulary to represent frequent changes in graphs:

Type of Verb form Noun form
Change
 Rapid wave / waves /
ups fluctuate / fluctuations /
and oscillate / oscillations /
downs vacillate / vacillations / 
 palpitate palpitations

Example: 
1.  The price of the goods fluctuated during the first three months of
2017.

2.  The graph shows the oscillations of the price from 1998 to 2002.

3.  The passenger number in this station oscillates throughout the day
and in the early morning and evening, it remains busy.

4.  The changes in car production in Japan shows a palpitation for the
second quarter of the year. 

5.  The number of students in debate clubs fluctuated in different

months of the year and rapid ups and downs could be observed in the
last three months of this year.

Tips:
1. 4. DO NOT try to present every single piece of data presented in a
graph. Rather pick 5-7 most significant and important trends/ changes
and show their comparisons and contrasts.
2. The question asks you to write a report and summarise the data
presented in graphs(s). This is why you need to show the comparisons,
contrasts, show the highest and lowest points and the most striking
features in your answer, not every piece of data presented in the
diagram(s).

Types of Changes/ Differences and Vocabulary to

present them: 
Great change / Huge difference:
Adjectives                           Adverbs
Overwhelming                   Overwhelmingly
Substantial                         Substantially
Enormous                          Enormously
Big change / Big difference:
Adjectives                           Adverbs
Significant                          Significantly
Considerable                     Considerably

Medium change / Moderate difference:

Adjectives                           Adverbs
Somewhat                           Somewhat
Moderate                             Moderately

Minor change / Small difference:

Adjectives                           Adverbs
Fractional                           Fractionally
Marginal                             Marginally
Slight                                 Slightly

Dates, Months & Years related vocabulary and

grammar: 
» From 1990 to 2000, Commencing from 1980, Between 1995 and
2005, After 2012.
» By 1995, In 1998, In February, Over the period, During the period,
During 2011.
» In the first half of the year, For the first quarter, The last quarter of
the year, During the first decade.
» In the 80s, In the 1980s, During the next 6 months, In the mid-70s,
Next 10 years, Previous year, Next year, Between 1980 - 1990.
» Within a time span of ten years, within five years.
» Next month, Next quarter, Next year, Previous month, Previous year.
» Since, Then, From.
Percentage, Portion and Numbers:
Percentages:
10% increase, 25 percent decrease, increased by 15%, dropped by 10
per cent, fall at 50%, reached to 75%, tripled, doubled, one-fourth,
three-quarters, half, double fold, treble, 5 times higher, 3 timers lower,
declined to about 49%, stood exactly at 43%.
 
Fractions:
4% = A tiny fraction.
24% = Almost a quarter.
25% Exactly a quarter.
26% = Roughly one quarter.
32% Nearly one-third, nearly a third.
49% = Around a half, just under a half.
50% Exactly a half.
51% = Just over a half.
73% = Nearly three quarters.
77% = Approximately three quarter, more than three-quarter.
79% = Well over three quarters.
 
Proportions: 
2% = A tiny portion, a very small proportion.
4% = An insignificant minority, an insignificant proportion.
16% = A small minority, a small portion.
70% = A large proportion.
72% = A significant majority, A significant proportion.89% = A very
large proportion. 
89% = A very large proportion.
Words/ Phrases of Approximation - Vocabulary:
» Approximately
» Nearly
» Roughly
» Almost
» About
» Around
» More or less
» Just over
» Just under
» Just around
» Just about
» Just below
» A little more than
» A little less than.
What criteria would a band 9 graph response
satisfy?
Task Achievement:
A) Fully satisfies all the requirements of the task.
B) Clearly presents a fully developed response.
What will be assessed by the examiner?
a) How appropriately, accurately and relevantly you fulfil your task
requirements.
b) How accurately you write your report and how appropriately you
present the data (compare/ contrast/ show the most striking trends/
features/ data.) 

Coherence and Cohesion:

A) Uses cohesion in such a way that it attracts no attention.
B) Skillfully manages "paragraphing".
What will be assessed by the examiner?
a) No misinterpretation and presentation of data and trends.
b) How well you organise your paragraphs.
c) Overall clarity and fluency of your report and message.
d) How well you have organised and liked the information, data and
ideas in your writing.
e) Logical sequencing and appropriate use of linking devices between
and within your sentences. 

Tips:
 1. Do not incorporate more than 3-4 paragraphs.
 2. Do not use a single paragraph to describe everything.
 3. The conclusion part is optional. If you think that you have already
written more than 170 words and have nothing to say, you can skip the
conclusion.

Lexical Resource:
A) Uses a wide range of vocabulary with very natural and sophisticated
control of lexical features.
B) Rare minor errors occur only as "slips".
What will be assessed by the examiner?
a) The range of vocabulary you have used in your writing.
b) How accurately and appropriately you have used words/ phrases
while presenting the graph(s) as a report.

Tips: Do NOT use words/ phrases that are already given in the
question. Do so only if there is no alternative word(s)/ phrase(s) to
convey the same meaning/idea.

Grammatical Range and Accuracy:

A) Uses a wide range of structures with full flexibility and accuracy.
B) Rare minor errors occur only as "slips".
Tips:
Do not use the same sentence structure and data comparison/
contrasting style over and over again. Bring a variety in your writing to
show that you can formulate different sentence structures without
making any grammatical mistakes.