Xuan Phi IELTS

IELTS WRITING TAKS I

INTRODUCTION (PARAPHRASING)

graph / chart / diagram line graph

Show illustrate / demonstrate / compare

information about data for

the proportion of the percentage of / the figure for

the number of the figure for/ the quantity of

the total number the overall number

... consumption the amount of … consumed

The number of people who visited HN The number of people visiting Hanoi/ the
number of visitors

people in the US Americans

from 1999 to 2009 between 1999 and 2009 / over a period of

10 years

in three countries in Vietnam, Thailand, and Singapore (name

the countries)

various mobile phone features different functions of mobile phones

men and women males and females/ genders

OVERVIEW

It can be seen that Có thể thấy rằng

The overall trend was upward/ downward Xu hướng tổng thể là tăng/ giảm

All figures experienced ... except for ... Tất cả các chỉ số đều chứng kiến ... ngoại
trừ ...

Experienced the fastest growth Đã chứng kiến sự tăng trưởng mạnh nhất

the highest/ lowest figure Là chỉ số cao nhất/ thấp nhất

There were significant changes in ... Đã có sự thay đổi lớn trong ...
 Xuan Phi IELTS
LINE GRAPH
A. SENTENCE STRUCTURES
1) Time, S + V + adv
From 2000 to 2005, the number of workers decreased sharply.
2) There + be + a/an + adj + N + in + S + time
There was a sharp decrease in the number of workers over the 5-year period.
3) S + saw / witnessed / underwent a quick drop + time
The number of workers underwent a sharp decrease between 2000 and 2005.
4) A + adj + N + in + S was recorded
A sharp decrease in the number of workers was recorded in the period from 2000 to
2005.
B. VERBS AND NOUNS

Direction Verb Noun

(1) Went up An upturn

Increased An increase

Rose A rise

Grew A growth

Climbed A climb

(2) Boomed A boom

Leaped
Rocketed
Surged
A surge

(3) Decreased A decrease

Dropped A drop

Declined A decline

Fell A fall

(4) Plunged A plunge

Slumped A slump

Dove A dive
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Direction Verb Noun

Plummeted

(5) Did not change No change

Remained steady
Leveled out A leveling out
Stayed constant

(6) Fluctuated A fluctuation

(7) Peaked A peak

(8) Bottomed A bottom

C. ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS

Degree Speed

Adj Adv Adj Adv

Dramatic Dramatically Rapid Rapidly

Steep Steeply Quick Quickly
Sharp Sharply Swif Swifly
Huge
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Degree Speed

Adj Adv Adj Adv

Significant Significantly Steady Steadily

Remarkable Remarkably Moderate Moderately

Slight Slightly Slow Slowly

Small Gradual Gradually
Minimal Minimally

D. PREPOSITIONS

Preposition Followed by Example

Noun of An increase In + something A decrease of

movements 5% in the
A decrease Of + amount of
number of
change
infants.

An upsurge From/to + old/new An upsurge

figure from 1% to 20%

Verb of To rise By + amount of It rose by 5%

movements change

To fall From/to + old/new It fell from 6%

figure to 1%

To peak/ start / At + figure/level It peaked at

end 5000

To fluctuate At around + range It fluctuated at

around 10 tons
Between
per year.

E. CONNECTING SENTENCES
1) Before/After + V-ing, S + V + adv
Afer declining rapidly, the number of cars increased remarkably.
2) S + V + adv, then more/less + adv
Only used for 2 movements in the same direction
The number of cars declined slightly in 2000, then more sharply in the next 6 years.
 Xuan Phi IELTS
3) S + V1 + adv, but later/then + V2 + adv
Only used for 2 movements in the opposite directions
The number of cars declined slightly in 2000, but then went up sharply in the next 6
years.
4) There was a/an + adj1 + N1, which was followed by + a/an + adj2 + N2
There was a slight decline in the number of cars, which was followed by a sharp growth.
5) S + V + adv, V-ing … and then …
The number of cars declined slightly in 2000, remaining constant in the next 5 years and
then grew slightly at the end of the period.
F. COMPARISON LANGUAGE

Structure Example

X + experienced / witnessed + the greatest London experienced by far the greatest

changes in something changes in food prices over the period.

Both P and Q rate rose / fell + time, but Unemployment rates in both countries rose
the figures for P were significantly higher. over the period shown, but the figures for
the US were significantly higher.

The most + adj + N was seen in the X The most dramatic decrease was seen in
sector. the industrial sector.

The biggest change was seen in …, which The biggest change was seen in the
fell/rose + adv over the period. proportion of Internet users in the US,
which fell steadily over the period.

A much larger percentage / proportion of A much larger proportion of students

S + V …. in comparison with Y chose portable MP3 player in comparison
with adults and senior citizens.

The percentage of X was highest in … Of the three categories, the percentage of

Internet users was highest in the US.

Of the x items, S + V + the most … Of the 6 items, consumers spent the most
money on laptops.

The X was the most + adj + type + time Football was the most common type of
hobbies from the late 1970’s onwards.

X accounted for / took up / occupied the Plants accounted for the largest proportion
largest proportion of Y. of electricity used.

There were more X than Y + Ving, figure A In 2003, there were more boys than girls
versus figure B. suffering obesity, over 700 thousand versus
about 650 thousand.

In a similar trend, S + also + V. In a similar trend, the rate of growth also

increased for Vietnam’s GDP.
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Structure Example

The X rate rose / increased by …, but there From 1990 to 200, the employment rate in
was a much smaller rise/increase in Y. Yemen rose by 40%, but there was a much
smaller rise in the figure for Italy.

X + was triple + that of + Y Canada’s wheat production was triple that

of Vietnam.

Almost a% of S + V, compared to about b% Almost 80% of Canadians used the Internet

of S2 and only c% of S3 over the period, compared to about 60% of
Americans and only 50% of Mexicans.

Outnumbered / surpassed In the first 6 hours, the percentage of

people listening to radio outnumbered that
of viewers.

The figures for A and B were lower, at The figures for oil and gas were much
about x% and y% respectively. lower, at about 12% and 8% respectively.
 Xuan Phi IELTS
BAR CHART
COMPARISON STRUCTURE:

1) Superlative: A + be + the + adj-est/most adj/least adj + in (group)

Eg: The population of Germany was the greatest in 11 countries mentioned/given

2) Comparative

S1 + be + adj-er/more adj/less adj + than S2 with Number

Eg: The population of France with 65mil was higher than that of Italy with 60mil

There + be + more N/ fewer Ncp / less Nunc + Ving/Vp2 + than S2

Eg: There were more people in France living than (that) in Italy

More/Fewer/Less + N + Vpast + than S2

Eg: More people lived in France than in Italy

S1 + V1 while S2 + V2

Eg: The population of France was 65mil while that of Italy was 60mil

Notice: The population of France was higher than that of Italy with 65mil and 60mil
respectively (lần lượt)

3) Equalative

S1 + be + as adj as + S2

Eg: The population of Brazil was as high as that of Czech and Greece

There be as many Ncp/ as much Nunc + Ving/Vp2 as S2

Eg: There were as many people living in Brazil as in Czech and Greece

As many Ncp/ As much Nunc + Vpast + as + S2

S1 + be + the same as/similar to + S2

Eg: The population of Brazil was the same as that of Czech and Greece
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PIE CHART
A. SENTENCE STRUCTURES
1) S(piece/portion) + accounted for/comprised + % + (of total)

occupied/constituted

made up/took up

Eg: Holiday accounted for 47% of the reasons international visitors coming to New
Zealand.

2) There be + % + of total Ving/Vp2…

There were 47% of the reasons international visitors coming to NZ for holiday/because of
holiday

2’) % (of total) + Ved

Eg: 47% of (the reasons) international visitors came to NZ for holiday.

3) Smax came first with % WHILE/ WHEREAS Smin came last with %

Eg: Holiday came first with 47% while other reasons except business and visiting people
came last with 11%

Or: Holiday came first while other reasons except business and visiting people came last
with 47% and 11% respectively.

B. LANGUAGE TO DESCRIBE PERCENTAGES

From basic percentages… … to using it with comparisons and

different tenses

73% of people = a significant majority of X become the most important / prevalent /

people = approximately three quarters of popular … in 2000, … ing / accounting for
people almost 75% of …

66% of people = a large proportion of = Nuclear power became the most important
precisely two thirds of … fuel source in France in 2000, producing
almost 75% of the country’s electricity.

5% = an insignificant amount of … = a small Developing countries are expected to

fraction of … account for a bigger share of emissions in
2030, 68% compared to 48% in 1999.

Accounted for 35% of … X countries are projected to make up a

lower proportion, 43%, 9% down over the
period.
 Xuan Phi IELTS

From basic percentages… … to using it with comparisons and

different tenses

Occupied a good proportion of … X & Y made up a much lower proportion,

each producing (an estimated) 1 billion ton.

Made up just over a third of … X became the major producer in 2000.

Constituted 35% of …

35% of people chose …

The proportion of people who chose red

was 35%

Took up a large amount of …

Are estimated to take up the remaining 9%

 Xuan Phi IELTS
COMPARISON
A. Comparison between sentences

In contrast The most popular form of holiday among the Welsh was self-catering
with over 60% choosing to cook for themselves. In contrast, only 5% of
the English chose this form of vacation and hotel accommodation was
much more popular at 48%

In comparison Almost 50% of the English, Scots, and Northern Irish chose to stay in a
hotel for their holiday. In comparison, staying in self-catering
accommodation was much less popular with around 10% of people
choosing this.

However The general pattern was for hotel accommodation to be the most
popular with around half people choosing it. The majority of the
Welsh, however, chose to stay in self-catering accommodation.

On the other It is clear that a majority of the British chose to stay in hotel for their
hand holiday. On the other hand, there was an exception to this because
over 50% of the Welsh opted for self-catering accommodation.

B. Comparison within sentences

While While there are 4 million miles of train lines in the UK, there are only 3
million in France.

Whereas Whereas the majority of the French prefer to travel to work by train,
only a small minority of the British do.

Although Although 15% of the French read novels, only 5% of the British do.

But Almost 25% of French females study maths with a private tutor, but
nearly 60% study English with one.

C. Comparison with More or Less/Fewer

Than 5% more/less/fewer girls chose to read books than go to the cinema.

Fewer/Less Fewer mobile phones were bought in 2013 than 2014.

Less oil was consumed in 2013 than 2014.

D. Quality your comparisons with Much / Far / Slightly or A Number

- Far fewer people chose to travel by train than by car. (Where’s the detail?)
-> 25% fewer people chose to travel by train than by car. (Better now we have detail and
not just a comparison)
E. Comparisons with most or least / fewest
When you are looking for details to include, the highest / lowest number is almost always
important
 Xuan Phi IELTS
- The most popular form of entertainment in the UK was going to the cinema.
- The least common form of transport was taking a taxi.
F. Comparisons for similar numbers
Similar (to)
- The percentages of females and males who studied languages at university were very
similar.
- A similar amount of gas and electricity was used domestically in homes.
The figures for 2012 were very similar to the figures for 2013.
The same as
- The percentage of females who studied at university in 2011 was almost exactly the
same as in 2012.
G. Comparisons with differ / different / difference
Compare 2 things that are very different in number / amount
- The amount of time spent at home differed by almost 25% according to gender.
- There was a difference of over 25% in the amount of time males and females spent a
home.
- The figure was very different among males, only half of whom watched television.
I. Comparisons by doing some calculations

A number + more / less / 5 million fewer units of gas were sold in 2014.
fewer

Twice - Twice as many people elected to use gas and not

electricity for cooking.
- Twice the amount of gas was used for cooking in this
period.

Three / Four times Four times as many people chose to heat their house
with electricity as with gas.

Half - Half the number of people chose to use gas as

electricity.
- Electricity was half as popular as gas for cooking.
 Xuan Phi IELTS
PROCESS
A. Some Notes
1) 2 types of Process and things to remember

Manufacturing process Use Passive Form BOTH USE PRESENT TENSE

Natural process Use Active Form

2) Sequencing Language

- The first stage is when …. + Clause - Next, / Then, / Aferwards, /

Subsequently, / Afer that, / Following that,
- The first step involves + V-ing At the next stage of the process, + Clause
- Firstly / Initially + Clause - At the fourth stage of the process,
- Finally / The process ends when

Example
- The third step is when the bricks are put in a cooling chamber.
- The process ends when the bricks are packaged and ready to be delivered to
customers.
3) Synonyms: End = Culminate; At the same time = While = As = Simultaneously
B. Useful expressions for Introduction
- The diagram / process + illustrates / demonstrates / shows + the procedures / the
various stages / steps in producing + something.
- The diagram / process shows + how + something is / are manufactured / produced.
-> With example:
1/ A + shows / describes / illustrates + how + clause
E.g: The diagram below shows how salt is removed from sea water to make it
drinkable.
2/ A + shows / describes / illustrates + noun
Note: Illustrate thường được dùng cho diagram để miêu tả 1 quá trình gì đó
E.g: The diagram illustrates the various stages in the desalination of seawater to make it
suitable for drinking.
 Xuan Phi IELTS
MAP
SENTENCE STRUCTURES TO DESCRIBE MAPS
1/ Chủ động: S (sự vật mới) + V (động từ miêu tả sự thay đổi) + O (sự vật cũ)
- A new stadium replaced a number of houses along the coast.
- Some factories took the place of many trees on the right bank of the river.
2. Bị động: O (sự vật cũ) + was/ were + PII (replaced/ removed/ demolished...+ by/ to
make way for/ to give way to + S (sự vật mới)
- The old shopping center was demolished to make way for several offices and a
university.
- The industrial complex was extended towards the South.
2/ Time + witnessed / experienced / showed + N (danh từ miêu tả sự thay đổi)
- The period from 2000 to 2009 witnessed the replacement of the western residential
area by a new shopping centre.
- The 2000s experienced the extension of the industrial complex towards the South.
3/ There + be + N (danh từ miêu tả sự thay đổi) + something
- There was an appearance of a cinema in place of the art centre in the west of the
village.
- There was an extension of the industrial complex towards the South over the nine-year
period.
4) Direction + witness / experience / show + N (danh từ miêu tả sự thay đổi)
- The west of the lake side witnessed the appearance of a cinema in place of the art
centre.
5) Sử dụng mệnh đề quan hệ
- The derelict warehouse which was situated in the north of the lakeside near the old
town was knocked down to give way to a car park.
6) Câu ghép chính phụ
- While the old town was demolished, there was an appearance of several offices and a
university in the 2000s.