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    Cell Structure - NOTES

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    JB - 10BR 740323 Harold M Brathwaite SS
    Cell theory states that all living things are made of cells, the cell is the basic unit of life, and all cells come from pre-existing cells. Key discoveries in cell theory include Hooke discovering cells in 1655, Schleiden concluding plants are made of cells in 1838, Schwann concluding animals are made of cells in 1839, and Virchow concluding new cells come from cell division in 1858. There are two main types of cells - prokaryotic cells which are simple and lack organelles, and eukaryotic cells which are more complex with organelles like a nucleus. The main parts of a cell include the cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, mitochondria, vacuoles, and in

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    Cell Structure - NOTES

    Uploaded by

    JB - 10BR 740323 Harold M Brathwaite SS
    14 views5 pages
    Cell theory states that all living things are made of cells, the cell is the basic unit of life, and all cells come from pre-existing cells. Key discoveries in cell theory include Hooke discovering cells in 1655, Schleiden concluding plants are made of cells in 1838, Schwann concluding animals are made of cells in 1839, and Virchow concluding new cells come from cell division in 1858. There are two main types of cells - prokaryotic cells which are simple and lack organelles, and eukaryotic cells which are more complex with organelles like a nucleus. The main parts of a cell include the cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, mitochondria, vacuoles, and in

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    Notes on Cell Structure - Grade 10 Biology

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    Cell theory states that all living things are made of cells, the cell is the basic unit of life, and all cells come from pre-existing cells. Key discoveries in cell theory include Hooke discovering cells in 1655, Schleiden concluding plants are made of cells in 1838, Schwann concluding animals are made of cells in 1839, and Virchow concluding new cells come from cell division in 1858. There are two main types of cells - prokaryotic cells which are simple and lack organelles, and eukaryotic cells which are more complex with organelles like a nucleus. The main parts of a cell include the cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, mitochondria, vacuoles, and in

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    14 views5 pages

    Cell Structure - NOTES

    Uploaded by

    JB - 10BR 740323 Harold M Brathwaite SS
    Cell theory states that all living things are made of cells, the cell is the basic unit of life, and all cells come from pre-existing cells. Key discoveries in cell theory include Hooke discovering cells in 1655, Schleiden concluding plants are made of cells in 1838, Schwann concluding animals are made of cells in 1839, and Virchow concluding new cells come from cell division in 1858. There are two main types of cells - prokaryotic cells which are simple and lack organelles, and eukaryotic cells which are more complex with organelles like a nucleus. The main parts of a cell include the cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, mitochondria, vacuoles, and in

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 5

    Cell Structure

    Cell Theory
    Discovery of Cell
    Types of Cells
    Prokaryotic Cells
    Eukaryotic Cells
    Parts of a Cell
    Cell Membrane
    Cytoplasm
    Nucleus
    Nucleolus
    Chromosomes
    Mitochondrion
    Vacuoles
    Lysosomes
    Ribosomes
    Endoplasmic Reticulum
    Golgi Body (Apparatus)
    Chloroplasts
    Cell Wall
    Cilia
    Flagellum
    Differences between plant and animal cells

    Cell Theory
    1. All living things are made of cells

    2. The cell is the basic unit that forms all the functions of life

    3. All cells come from pre-existing cells

    Cell Structure 1
    Discovery of Cell
    History:

    1655 Robert Hook discovers the cell

    1838 botanist Matthias Shleiden concludes all plants and animals are made of cells

    1839 zoologist Theodore Scwann concludes all animals are made up of cells

    1858 medical doctor Rudolf Virchow concluded that new cells come from old
    cells(division)

    Types of Cells
    Prokaryotic Cells
    Simple cells

    No nucleus

    No organelles

    e.g. Bacteria

    Eukaryotic Cells
    More complex cells

    Nucleus

    Membrane-bound organelles

    e.g. plant cells, fungi, animal cells, protists

    Parts of a Cell
    Cell Membrane
    Outer covering, protective layer around ALL cells

    For cells with cell walls, the membrane is inside the wall

    Cell Structure 2
    Allows food, oxygen & water into the cell & waste products out of the cell

    Found both in Animal & Plant Cells

    Cytoplasm
    Gelatin-like inside cell membrane

    Constantly flows

    Present both in animal and plant cells

    Nucleus
    Directs all cell activities

    Contains hereditary material called DNA

    Usually largest organelle

    Nucleolus
    Structure in the nucleus that helps makes proteins

    Chromosomes
    Thread like material in the DNA (genes)

    Mitochondrion
    Bean-shaped with inner and outer membranes

    Places where sugars are broken down into energy (Adenosine tri-phosphate)

    Cellular Respiration

    Present in both animal and plant cells

    Vacuoles
    Fluid-filled sacs found in both plants and animals

    Plants usually have few large, animals have more small

    Cell Structure 3
    Store food, water, waste

    Lysosomes
    Small, round structures with a membrane containing enzymes

    Helps in digestion

    Attack “foreign bodies”

    Digest old cell parts

    Not in plants due to cell wall already being strong enough to protect plant cells

    Ribosomes
    Small, round bodies that make protein

    Endoplasmic Reticulum
    Transport channels

    Rough

    Rough ER with ribosomes produce proteins

    Smooth

    Smooth ER produce fats

    Golgi Body (Apparatus)


    Flat pockets that package proteins to leave cell

    Present in both

    Chloroplasts
    Green, oval structures found only in plant cells

    Contain green pigment chlorophyll

    Where energy from sun is utilized to make food for the plant

    Photosynthesis

    Cell Structure 4
    Cell Wall
    Rigid outer layer in plant cells that supports and protects the cell

    Cilia
    Tiny hairs that move cell around prokaryotic cells

    Flagellum
    A whip like tail for movement

    Differences between plant and animal cells


    Plant Cells:

    Have a rigid cell wall

    Have chloroplasts for photosynthesis

    Usually have large vacuoles to store water, minerals, sugars

    Cell Structure 5

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