Class 9 Math Chapter1

CHAPTER 1
NUMBER SYSTEM
TYPES OF NUMBERS
NATURAL NUMBER
Numbers which are used for counting e.g 1,2,3,4 …… are called natural number.
WHOLE NUMBER
When zero (0) is added in natural number, then it is called whole number. e.g
0,1,2,3,4 …….
INTEGERS
Whole numbers and negative natural number constitute the set of integers. It is
denoted by Z.
RATIONAL NUMBER
𝑝
Numbers which are written in form of 𝑞 where p , q are Integers and q ≠ 0. It is
denoted by Q.
EQUIVALENT RATIONAL NUMBER

𝑝
The rational number do not have a unique representation in the form of 𝑞, where p
and q are integers and q ≠ 0.
1 2 3 4
e.g. = = = = ………. . and so on.
2 4 6 8
IRRATIONAL NUMBER
𝑝
Any number which cannot be expressed in the form of 𝑞 is called irrational numbers.
e.g. 2 , 3 , 𝜋 , etc. It is denoted by 𝑸.
REAL NUMBER
All these numbers have been discussed above are called real numbers. Real numbers
are those numbers which can represented on number line.
IMAGINARY NUMBERS
Numbers which are cannot be representing on number line. e.g. −2 , −10, etc.
COMPLEX NUMBER
Addition of real and imaginary number are known as complex number. e.g. 25+ −5 ,
etc.
REAL NUMBER AND THEIR DECIMALS EXPANSIONS

TERMINATING DECIMALS: If decimal expansion is ends (or terminates) after a finite
digit of steps of division.
.E.g. 6 5 = 1.2, 3 4 = 0.75, and so on.
NON TERMINATING DECIMAL: If the remainder repeat immediately or after some

steps of division and never comes to an end. Such decimal expansions are called non-
terminating. e.g. 7 6 = 1.16666….. , etc.
CONVERSION OF DECIMAL NUMBER INTO RATIONAL NUMBER OF

𝐏
THE FORM 𝑸
There are two cases:-
Case1- When the decimal number is terminating
DIVISIBILITY TEST
(i). Test for a number divisible by 2 If the number is an even number or has “0” in its
unit place.
e.g. 17980, 345698, 3652, etc.
(ii).Test for number divisible by 3 if the sum of the digits of the given number is
divisible by 3
e.g. 23457 : here 2+3+4+5+5+7 = 21., 21/3 = 7 Hence 23457 is divisible by 3.
(iii).Test for a number divisible by 4 If the number formed by the last two digits are
divisible by 4.
e.g., 5872. Here 72/4 = 18
So the 5872 is divisible by 4.
(iv). Test for a number divisible by 5 If the digit at unit’s place is 5 or 0, then the
number is divisible by 5.
e.g., 5020, 5265
(v). Test for a number divisible by 6 If the number is divisible by 2 and 3 both then the
e.g. 759312, etc.
(vi).Test for a number divisible by 7 If double of the unit digit of given number is
subtracted from the rest of digit and its remainder is divisible by 7, then the number is
divisible by 7.
e.g. 875 87-(2*5) = 77/7 =11
(vii).Test for a number divisible by 8 If the last three digit of an number are divisible by
8 or are 000.
e.g. 96432 ----- 432/8 = 54

(viii). Test for a number divisible by 9 If the sum of all digit of given number is divisible
by 9 , then number is divisible by 9.
e.g. 317349 here 3+1+7+3+4+9 = 27/9 = 3 so, 317349 is divisible by 9.
(ix). Test for a number divisible by 10 If the unit digit of given number is 0, then the
e.g.100, 35020, 5698740, etc.
(x). Test for a number divisible by 11 If the difference between the sum of all even
place in given number and sum of all odd place in number is 0 and divisible by 11.
e.g. 123432166
Sum of digit at odd place – 1+3+3+1+6 = 14
Sum of digit at even place – 2+4+2+6 = 14
14-14 = 0, so number is divisible by 11
LAWS OF EXPONENTS
1. 𝑎𝑚 ∗ 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎𝑚+𝑛
𝑎𝑚
2. = 𝑎𝑚−𝑛
𝑎𝑛
3. (𝑎𝑚 )𝑛 = 𝑎𝑎𝑚
1
4. 𝑎−𝑚 =
𝑎𝑚
𝑚 𝑛
5. 𝑎 𝑛 = 𝑎𝑚
6. 𝑎𝑏𝑚 = 𝑎𝑚 ∗ 𝑏𝑚
𝑎 𝑚 𝑎𝑚
7. 𝑏
= 𝑏𝑚
IMPORTANT POINT ABOUT UNIT PLACE
(i) Number having unit place digit 2,3,7,8 cannot be a perfect square.
(ii) Those number whose unit place digit is 1 or 9. The unit digit of their square
will be 1. The last two digits will be come from even number.
(iii) The number whose unit place digit is 2 or 8. The unit place of their square will
be 4and last two digit will come from even number.
(iv) The number whose unit place is 3,7. The unit place digit of their square will be
9 and last two digit will come from even number.
(v) The number whose unit place is 4,6. The unit digit of their square is 6 and
tenth place is odd number.
(vi) If the unit digit of number is 5 so the last digit of their square is 5 and tenth
place number is even.
(vii) If the unit digit of number is 0 then the unit digit of their square is 0 and tenth
place number is also 0.
OPERATIONS ON REAL NUMBER
(a). Like Irrational Number : Irrational number having the same irrational factor.
5
e.g., 2, 2 , etc.
2
(b). Unlike Irrational Number
Irrational number having different irrational factor.
ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION OF IRRATIONAL NUMBER
Only like irrational number can be added and subtracted.
e.g. (i) 3 2 + 2 2 = 5 2
(ii) 5 2 − 3 2 = 2 2
MULTIPLICATION AND DIVISION OF IRRATIONAL NUMBER
Irrational number of the same order are multiplied and divided according to following
laws:
𝑛 𝑛
𝑖 . 𝑛 𝑎. 𝑏 = 𝑎𝑏
𝑛
𝑎 𝑛 𝑎
𝑖𝑖 . 𝑛 =
𝑏 𝑏
RATIONALISATION OF IRRATIONAL NUMBER
(A). Monomial Irrational Number
An irrational number containing a single term is called monomial irrational number.

𝑛
If the monomial irrational number is 𝑛 𝑥 then its rationalizing factor is 𝑥𝑛−1
𝑛 𝑛
As the product of 𝑛 𝑥 and 𝑥𝑛−1 is 𝑥𝑛 = 𝑥
2 2
e.g. 2 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑖𝑠 22−1 = 2
now, 2 × 2=2

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CHAPTER 1

EQUIVALENT RATIONAL NUMBER

REAL NUMBER AND THEIR DECIMALS EXPANSIONS

.E.g. 6 5 = 1.2, 3 4 = 0.75, and so on.

NON TERMINATING DECIMAL: If the remainder repeat immediately or after some

CONVERSION OF DECIMAL NUMBER INTO RATIONAL NUMBER OF

There are two cases:-

Case1- When the decimal number is terminating

e.g. 17980, 345698, 3652, etc.

e.g. 23457 : here 2+3+4+5+5+7 = 21., 21/3 = 7 Hence 23457 is divisible by 3.

e.g., 5872. Here 72/4 = 18

So the 5872 is divisible by 4.

e.g., 5020, 5265

e.g. 759312, etc.

e.g. 875 87-(2*5) = 77/7 =11

e.g. 96432 ----- 432/8 = 54

e.g. 317349 here 3+1+7+3+4+9 = 27/9 = 3 so, 317349 is divisible by 9.

e.g.100, 35020, 5698740, etc.

Sum of digit at odd place – 1+3+3+1+6 = 14

Sum of digit at even place – 2+4+2+6 = 14

14-14 = 0, so number is divisible by 11

IMPORTANT POINT ABOUT UNIT PLACE

OPERATIONS ON REAL NUMBER

(b). Unlike Irrational Number

Irrational number having different irrational factor.

ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION OF IRRATIONAL NUMBER

Only like irrational number can be added and subtracted.

MULTIPLICATION AND DIVISION OF IRRATIONAL NUMBER

RATIONALISATION OF IRRATIONAL NUMBER

(A). Monomial Irrational Number

An irrational number containing a single term is called monomial irrational number.

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