Background of The Study

Chapter 1
The Problem and Its Scope

Introduction
Rationale:
Malnutrition defined as faulty nutrition due to inadequate or unbalanced intake
of nutrients or the impaired assimilation or utilization - (Merriam Dictionary). As
Philippines evolves to a developing society which aims for a better future ahead,
it would be hard to reach such mission in reality because of the prevalent factors
or barriers that hindrances the flow of adequacy of solutions and plans as of this
moment. The most controversial arousing factor for the past many years of
leadership by different administrations in the government is poverty. While there
are many factors that severe to further cycles of poverty, one of the largest
barriers this population faces is malnutrition.
Filipinos are having to survive hunger on very limited amount of food; even
when food supplies are stable. They are most accessible in other areas where
people have enough income to purchase the food. And with such unequal
distribution of income, there is low demand for food supplies in less developed
areas. The quality of food is decreasing —rice used to be the main source of food
for Filipinos has been largely replaced with instant noodles which is cheaper that
less nutritious. As a result, malnutrition has become a lot more common.
According to V. Slaughter et al (1986) states that malnutrition is caused by
eating foods in wrong proportions. In many parts of world people suffer from
malnutrition because the right foods are not available. He went on to say that
many countries where people mainly live on polished rice, the diet often does not
contain enough vitamins in the diet, a person may suffer from the disease known
as Beriberi, if the diet lacks protein the person may suffer from Kwashiorkor and
other deficiency diseases. People who can not have enough food will suffer from
under nutrition. Under nutrition occurs in countries which can not have enough
food for all people living there.
As cited by Aceron and Beredo (2019), Wanjohi (2010) revealed in his study
that lack of sufficient food and a balanced diet were the main cause of
malnutrition among children in the area. Poverty among children was also found
to be a root cause of malnutrition. Moreover, Aceron, et. al. (2019), the study of
Santanu Ghosh and Haradhan Saha (2010) found that malnutrition had a negative
impact on children's academic performance and growth rates. Knowing more
about what nutritional deficiencies can lead to, parents should help their children
to be successful in the classroom. It indicates that food in the students ' academic
performance is of paramount importance.
According to the study of Dominguez (2018), High malnutrition results in a low
school survival rate. This shows that malnutrition is an important factor that
affects the ability of a child to stay in school, thereby strengthening the
importance of school-based programs that attempt to fight severe child waste.
Malnutrition, as predicted, has a negative relationship with cognitive
development and educational achievement. This reinforces the role of food in the
academic life of a child in such a way that it can either promote or impede growth
and development, depending on the quality of the child.
In the study conducted by Magulod, G. and Capili, J (2019) showed that
students’ academic achievement is accounted on healthy eating habits and
nutritional status. Moreover, academic achievement of the college students is
significantly predicted by eating habits and BMI. To predict students ‘ academic
performance, the Body Mass Index (BMI) is found. This indicates that they
demonstrate good academic performance when students have a normal body
status. The predicted learning achievement of students would increase with good
nutritional status.
In general, Malnutrition therefore causes illness, brain damage, delayed
physical growth, delayed development of motor skills and delayed cognitive
intellectual development. Another, it may also leads to psychosocial effects
towards the person under deficiency. That’s why, poorly fed students find it
difficult to concentrate at school. They may also experienced trauma as they
noticed they got lower scores than the other students and may lower their self-
esteem. Moreover, it may grow other factors that may loss student’s developing
hopes and will made him dumped the better future that awaits for them.
As a solution, students must have a good eating consumptions to perform
academically in school. This indicates that healthy eating habits of the students,
therefore, predict their academic performance. Academic achievement and
healthy eating habits are found to be correlated. Hence, development of
educational instructions focusing on students awareness on healthy food intake
will encourage them to have a better practice of good eating habits and a better
academic performance.
Thus, the goal of this study is to examine the impact of poor nutrition on the
academic performance of Hinlayagan National High School students at
Hinlayagan, Trinidad, Bohol. And also, to determine if their study habits may
change as it correlated to their low performance in school and how will make it
difference if the malnutrition will curb to its vast existent. Then, whether or not is
their will be a significant change to be observe after a malnourished person turns
to its normal nutritional condition. Lastly, to identify mitigation measures and
policies to draw conclusion that will serve as the foundation in making
recommendations of the study.
MALNUTRITION AND ITS EFFECTS IN
SCHOOL PERFORMANCE OF HNHS STUDENTS
A Research Proposal Presented to the Faculty of

Hinlayagan National High School
Trinidad, Bohol, Philippines
In Partial Fullfillment of the Requirements from

Practical Research 2—1st Semester
By:
Balonga, Kevin A.
Balonga, Sarahlyn
Casquejo, Jenelyn
Crodua, John Brylle A.
Parame, Rosabella
Puracan, John Alwin James
Roscual, Alisa Mae H.

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Chapter 1

The Problem and Its Scope

A Research Proposal Presented to the Faculty of

In Partial Fullfillment of the Requirements from

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