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    3 - Anatomy of The Nervous System

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    Elmer Salazar
    The document discusses the anatomy and divisions of the nervous system. It describes the three major divisions of the brain as the hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain. The hindbrain controls fundamental functions like breathing and motor activity. The midbrain regulates movement and sensory processing. The forebrain is responsible for thinking, language, and motor control. It also outlines various parts of the brainstem, cerebellum, and cerebral cortex and their functions.

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    3 - Anatomy of The Nervous System

    Uploaded by

    Elmer Salazar
    42 views4 pages
    The document discusses the anatomy and divisions of the nervous system. It describes the three major divisions of the brain as the hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain. The hindbrain controls fundamental functions like breathing and motor activity. The midbrain regulates movement and sensory processing. The forebrain is responsible for thinking, language, and motor control. It also outlines various parts of the brainstem, cerebellum, and cerebral cortex and their functions.

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    3_ANATOMY OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

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    The document discusses the anatomy and divisions of the nervous system. It describes the three major divisions of the brain as the hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain. The hindbrain controls fundamental functions like breathing and motor activity. The midbrain regulates movement and sensory processing. The forebrain is responsible for thinking, language, and motor control. It also outlines various parts of the brainstem, cerebellum, and cerebral cortex and their functions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    42 views4 pages

    3 - Anatomy of The Nervous System

    Uploaded by

    Elmer Salazar
    The document discusses the anatomy and divisions of the nervous system. It describes the three major divisions of the brain as the hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain. The hindbrain controls fundamental functions like breathing and motor activity. The midbrain regulates movement and sensory processing. The forebrain is responsible for thinking, language, and motor control. It also outlines various parts of the brainstem, cerebellum, and cerebral cortex and their functions.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 4

    ANATOMY OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

    THE 3 MAJOR DIVISIONS OF THE BRAIN

     The hindbrain
     The midbrain
     The forebrain
    THE HINDBRAIN

     Also called the rhombencephalon, region of the developing vertebrate brain that is
    composed of the medulla oblongata, pons, and the cerebellum. It’s functions is
    fundamental to survival, including respiratory rhythm, motor activity, sleep, and
    wakefulness.
    THE MIDBRAIN

     Also called the mesencephalon, composed of the tectum and tegmentum. It serves
    important function in motor movement, particularly movement of the eyes, and in
    auditory and visual processing. It is located within the brainstem. Compared to the
    hindbrain and forebrain, it is relatively small.
    THE FOREBRAIN

     Responsible for a variety of functions including receiving and processing sensory


    information, thinking, perceiving, producing and understanding language, controlling
    motor function.
    BRAINSTEM

     Is the bottom stalklike portion of the brain. It connects your brain to your spinal cord.
    Your brainstem sends messages to the rest of your body to regulate balance, breathing,
    heart rate, and more.
    CEREBELLUM

     Portion of the brain in the back of the head between the cerebrum and the brain stem.
    It controls balance for walking and standing, and other complex motor functions.
    CEREBRUM

     The portion of the brain in front which comprises of the gray matter and white matter at
    it’s center. It is the largest part of the brain, it initiates coordinates movement and
    regulates temperature.
    PONS
     Part of the central nervous system, located at the base of the brain between the
    medulla oblongata and the midbrain. It is also part of the brainstem.
    MEDULLA

     Part of the brain stem which connects your brain to your spinal cord. It is a major point
    in the nervous system and also manages many of the most important functions of your
    body.
    RETICULAR FORMATION

     Part of the CNS, located at the base of the brain, between the medulla oblongata and
    the midbrain. Also part of the brain stem
    RAPHE SYSTEM

     The raphe nucleus is considered to be part of the reticular formation and is located at
    the brain stem. It is responsible for the release of serotonin to other parts of the brain.
    TECTUM

     From latin meaning “roof” makes up the rear portion of the midbrain and is formed by
    two paired rounded swellings, the superior and inferior colliculi. It is responsible for
    auditory and visual reflexes.
    INFERIOR COLLICULUS

     Part of the midbrain that serves as a main auditory (sound) center for the body.
    THALAMUS

     Paired symmetrical structure that is found at the base of the cerebrum, just above the
    brain stem
    HYPOTHALAMUS

     Structure deep in your brain, acts as your body’s smart control coordinating center. It’s
    main function is to keep your body in a stable state called homeostasis. It does it’s job
    by directly influencing your ANS or by managing hormones.
    THE CEREBRAL CORTEX

     Consists of cellular layers on the outer surface of the cerebral hemisphere.


     Cells of cerebral cortex are gray matter, while their axons extending inward are white
    matter
     Corpus callosum and anterior commissure
    THE OCCIPITAL LOBE
     At the posterior end of the cortex
     Main target for visual information
     Posterior pole of the occipital lobe is known as the primary visual cortex, or striate
    cortex
     Spatial processing: this is your brain’s decoding signals from your retinas. It’s how
    you see the shapes, textures, and other details of the objects in the world around
    you.
     Color processing: this helps you see and tell the difference between colors and all
    the different shades of them.
     Distance and depth perception: this is when your brain calculates the size of objects
    and the distance between you and what you see.
     Object and face recognition: this is your brain’s ability to recognize things you’ve
    seen before, including the faces of people you’ve seen or met.
    THE PARIETAL LOBE

     Lies between the occipital lobe and the central sulcus


     Postcentral gyrus or primary somatosensory cortex.
     Monitors all the information about eye, head, and body positions and passes it ion to
    the brain areas that control movement.
    THE TEMPORAL LOBE

     Lateral portion of each hemisphere, near the temples.


     Primary cortical target for auditory information.
     Are also important for emotional and motivational behaviors.
     Temporal lobe damage can lead to a set of behaviors known as Kluver-Bucy syndrome.
    THE FRONTAL LOBE

     Contains the primary motor cortex and the prefrontal cortex, extends from the central
    sulcus to the anterior limit of the brain.
     The larger the species’ cerebral cortex, the higher the percentage of the prefrontal
    cortex it occupies.

    BRAIN DAMAGE MAY CAUSE INABILITY TO RECOGNIZE FACES, PERCIEVE MOTION, INABILITY
    TO SHIFT ATTENTION FROM RIGHT TO LEFT SIDE OF BODY AND WORLD, ETC.
    ABLATION – REMOVAL OF A BRAIN AREA GENERALLY WITH A SURGICAL KNIFE
    STEREOTAXIC INSTRUMENT – DEVICE FOR THE PRECISE PLACEMENT OF ELECTRODES IN THE
    BRAIN.

    RECORDING BRAIN ACTIVITY

     ELECTRO-ENCEPHALOGRAPH (EEG) – records electrical activity of the brain through


    electrodes ranging from just a few to more than a hundred-attached to the scalp
     MAGNETOENCEPHALOGRAPH (MEG) – is similar to EEG but instead of measuring
    electrical activity, it measures the faint magnetic fields generated by brain activity.
     POSITRON-EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY (PET) = provides high resolution image of activity
    in a living brain by recording emission of radioactivity from injected chemicals.
     FUNCTIONAL MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING (Fmri) – less expensive and less risky.
    An fmri is a modified version of MRI based on hemoglobin instead of water. Hemoglobin
    with oxygen reacts to magnetic field differently than hemoglobin without oxygen.

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