Group 1 HUMSS B Concept Paper

NATURAL AND DIGITAL SPACE: A PHENOMENOLOGICAL STUDY EXPLORING GRADE TEN
STUDENTS’ BULLYING EXPERIENCES
A Concept Paper
Presented to the
Faculty of Senior High School
Cebu City Don Carlos A. Gothong Memorial National High School
C. Padilla St., Cebu City
In Partial Fulfilment
Of the Requirements for the Subject
ENGLISH FOR ACADEMICS AND PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES
ANGELA R. LABORTE
CASH JOHN ISIAH DELIMA
HUBERT HINAYAS
NECOLE B. LIGSON
SHANNEN JUNE B. LIM
JULY 2023
INTRODUCTION
Bullying remained relevant. It was becoming more rampant since the introduction of technologies.
Every people in this world are born free. Along with it was the freedom of speech. Either they express their
freedom of speech traditionally or/and digitally. However, they abused the freedom of speech. Hence,
bullying was born.
There were two types of bullying: Traditional bullying where students experienced bullying in a
traditional or natural way; Cyberbullying where students experienced bullying through the internet. There
were Students who experienced any form of bullying even on and out of campus (Galabo, 2019). This
entailed that students were suspects of the phenomenon affecting their development. As stated in the study
conducted by Wen-Wang (2019), Students reported that they were the victims, witnesses, and perpetrators
of bullying. This created in-depth and essential themes (e.g. types, motivations, sites, etc.) from the
perspective of the victims, witnesses, and perpetrators.
As a result of abused freedom of speech, bullying emerged. With the evolution of our society--the
constant upgrade of communication—bullying became more rampant. The researchers wanted to avoid
bullying, traditional and digital, in every way possible for every person. The researchers conducted this study
to raise awareness among everyone: students and teenagers. They believed that by exploring the
experiences of the Grade ten students' lived experience of bullying, they will be able to analyze and create
new knowledge, and that knowledge will be used in creating an intervention plan. Bullying was harmful to
everyone's mental health. It led to despair and anxiety. But, in worse cases, suicide (Dandan et. al. 2022).
By doing this research, the researchers will analyze the majority of the students' experience with
cyberbullying. With this, the goal of this study is to create an intervention plan and create a perspective that
witnesses, victims, and perpetrators alike are the solutions to this issue. The researchers concluded that
conducting this study will serve as a source of information on how bullying—Both in the natural and digital
world—affected students and what the students and the people surrounding them should do in order to curb
this issue.
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GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
With the aforesaid circumstances and situations, this study aimed to explore the lived experiences of
Grade 10 students who encountered bullying—either in the natural or/and digital world. In circumstance, the
Grade 10 students either experienced it as witnesses, victims, or/and perpetrators. The researchers expected
to receive an in-depth perspective to create an in-depth analysis of the said issue. The result of the analysis
served as the basis of the intervention plan for this issue to be curbed.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
This phenomenological study aimed to explore the lived experiences of Grade 10 students who
encountered bullying—Both/either traditionally and digitally. In circumstance, the Grade 10 students either
experienced it as witnesses, victims, or/and perpetrators. At this stage in research, bullying will be generally
defined as a concern among individuals believing it hinders their development in life.
Thus, the researchers sought to answer the following questions:
1. How do the Grade 10 Students define cyberbullying?
2. How did cyberbullying occur among Grade 10 students?
3. What were the reasons for Grade 10 students to get cyberbullied or will cyberbully?
4. Based on the views, what were the possible solutions to minimize cyberbullying for and from the
following roles:
4.1. Victims;
4.2. Witnesses; and
4.3. Perpetrators?
5. Based on the findings, what intervention plan should be proposed?

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REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
LOCAL LITERATURE
SCHOOL BULLIES: UNBEARABLE SCOURGE TO FILIPINO FAMILIES
Written by Maderazo (2023), the article highlights the issue of school bullying in the Philippines and its
impact on families. According to the author, bullying is a pervasive problem in schools across the country, and
it is taking a toll on the mental and emotional health of the victims. The article mentions that many families
are struggling to cope with the trauma and stress caused by bullying, which can lead to depression, anxiety,
and even suicide. Furthermore, the author argues that bullying is a societal problem that requires collective
action from parents, educators, and the government to address.
There are several reasons why school bullying is prevalent in the Philippines. One of the main causes is
the lack of awareness and education about bullying among students, parents, and teachers. Additionally, the
use of social media and other digital platforms has made it easier for bullies to harass their victims
anonymously. Furthermore, the author notes that the effects of bullying can be devastating for both the
victims and their families. Victims may experience depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, and other mental
health problems, while families may struggle with feelings of helplessness, guilt, and anger. In some cases,
bullying can even lead to suicide.
To address the problem of school bullying in the Philippines, the author suggests that a collaborative
effort between parents, educators, and the government is necessary. The article highlights the importance of
raising awareness about bullying and providing support for victims in schools. It also emphasizes the need for
stronger laws and policies to protect children from bullying and provide them with the necessary resources to
overcome its effects. Additionally, the author notes that parents can play a crucial role in preventing bullying
by monitoring their children's behavior and communicating with school officials about any concerns.
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Ultimately, it is important for everyone to work together to create a safe and supportive environment for all
students.
CYBER WELLNESS IN THE PHILIPPINES: ENSURING ONLINE SAFETY FOR EVERYONE
Written by Sonnie (2022), the article discusses the concept of cyber wellness and its importance in
ensuring online safety in the Philippines. Cyber wellness refers to the ability to use technology in a safe,
responsible, and ethical manner. In the Philippines, cyber wellness has become an increasingly important
issue due to the high rates of internet use and the prevalence of online risks such as cyberbullying, online
scams, and identity theft. The article highlights the need for individuals and organizations to prioritize cyber
wellness and take proactive steps to protect themselves and others online.
There are several key components of cyber wellness that individuals and organizations in the
Philippines should be aware of. These include online safety, digital citizenship, and digital literacy. Online
safety involves taking steps to protect oneself and others from online risks, such as using strong passwords,
avoiding suspicious links, and reporting any instances of cyberbullying or harassment. Digital citizenship
refers to the responsible use of technology and the internet, including respecting the privacy of others and
using technology for positive purposes. Digital literacy involves developing the skills and knowledge necessary
to effectively navigate the online world, such as identifying fake news and understanding how to use online
tools and resources.
To ensure cyber wellness in the Philippines, the article suggests several strategies that individuals and
organizations can implement. These include promoting awareness and education about online safety and
responsible technology use, encouraging the development of digital literacy skills, and establishing policies
and guidelines to protect against cyber risks. The article also emphasizes the importance of collaboration
between various sectors, including government, schools, and the private sector, to address the issue of cyber
wellness in a holistic and effective manner. By prioritizing cyber wellness and taking proactive steps to protect
themselves and others online, individuals and organizations in the Philippines can help create a safer and
more secure online environment for everyone.
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SCHOOL BULLYING INCIDENTS SURGE DUE TO BETTER REPORTING SYSTEM
Issued by Bacelonia (2023), this article discusses about the school’s anti-bullying law. Sen. Sherwin
Gatchalian, chairman of the Basic Education Commission, is leading an investigation Monday (Feb. 13, 2023)
into the implementation of Republic Act No. 10627, or the Anti-Bullying Act of 2013. Among Southeast Asian
countries, the Philippines has the highest incidence of bullying, aggression, violence and abuse in schools.
The Department of Education (DepEd) in the Philippines has reported an increase in the number of bullying
cases in schools due to a better reporting system. During a Senate inquiry, Assistant Secretary for Operations
Dexter Galban highlighted that the DepEd has created several units within the department, such as the
Learners’ Rights and Protection Office, to support the implementation of the Anti-Bullying Act of 2013.
Additionally, Galban mentioned that the DepEd has launched the Learners Rights TeleSafe Contact Centers to
increase their capacity to gather reports about bullying.
Senator Sherwin Gatchalian, who chairs the committee, stressed the negative effects of bullying on
students and presented studies showing that the Philippines has the highest incidence of bullying, aggression,
violence, and offensive behavior in schools among countries in Southeast Asia. Gatchalian emphasized that
bullying is an education problem and can negatively impact academic performance. Furthermore, he
presented data from the World Health Organization (WHO) showing that 40.6% or 4 out of 10 students aged
13 to 17 experience bullying in schools. RA 10627 provides for punishment for school employees who commit
bullying, including a fine of not less than PHP50,000 but not more than PHP100,000, at least six months but
not more than one year of imprisonment, or both fine and imprisonment.
INTERNATIONAL LITERATURE
SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY
Proposed by Bandura (1977), Social Learning Theory suggests that individuals learn behavior through
observation and modeling of others. According to this theory, children are more likely to engage in a behavior
if they have seen others rewarded for that behavior or if they have seen others who are similar to them
engaging in that behavior without consequence. This theory applies to bullying in that children may learn
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aggressive behavior by observing and imitating the aggressive behavior of others, such as peers, siblings, or
parents.
One key aspect of Social Learning Theory is the concept of vicarious reinforcement, which refers to the
idea that individuals may be more likely to engage in a behavior if they see others being rewarded for that
behavior. For example, if a child observes a peer who is popular and well-liked by others engaging in bullying
behaviors, they may be more likely to view those behaviors as acceptable and rewarding. Conversely, if a
child observes a peer who is ostracized or punished for bullying behaviors, they may be less likely to engage
in those behaviors themselves. Overall, Social Learning Theory suggests that behavior is learned through a
combination of direct experience, observation, and social reinforcement.
SOCIAL COGNITIVE THEORY
Proposed by Bandura (1986), Social Cognitive Theory builds upon Social Learning Theory by
suggesting that people's thoughts, feelings, and beliefs play a role in their behavior. In the context of
bullying, this theory suggests that children's beliefs about the acceptability of bullying and their own self-
efficacy in dealing with bullying situations can influence their behavior. For example, if a child believes that
bullying is an acceptable behavior and that they are capable of bullying others without consequence, they
may be more likely to engage in bullying behaviors. On the other hand, if a child believes that bullying is not
acceptable and that they have the skills and support to intervene in bullying situations, they may be less likely
to engage in bullying behaviors.
One key aspect of Social Cognitive Theory is the concept of self-efficacy, which refers to an individual's
belief in their own ability to successfully perform a specific task or behavior. In the context of bullying, self-
efficacy can play a role in how children respond to bullying situations. For example, a child with high self-
efficacy may feel confident in their ability to stand up to a bully and may be more likely to intervene in a
bullying situation. Conversely, a child with low self-efficacy may feel powerless to stop bullying and may be
more likely to become a victim or bystander to bullying. Overall, Social Cognitive Theory suggests that
behavior is influenced not only by external factors, but also by an individual's internal thoughts and beliefs.
ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS THEORY
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Proposed by Bronfenbrenner (1979), Ecological systems theory suggests that individuals are influenced
by a variety of interconnected systems or environments, ranging from the individual's immediate environment
to broader societal structures. In the context of bullying, this theory suggests that bullying behaviors are
influenced not only by individual factors, such as personality or behavior, but also by the various
environments in which the individual interacts, such as the family, school, and community. For example, a
child who is raised in a family that values aggression and dominance may be more likely to engage in bullying
behaviors, while a child who attends a school that has clear policies and interventions for bullying may be less
likely to engage in those behaviors.
One key aspect of Ecological Systems Theory is the concept of the microsystem, which refers to the
individual's immediate environment and the people and structures within it. In the context of bullying, the
microsystem may include the child's family, school, peer group, and neighborhood, all of which can influence
the child's behavior and experiences with bullying. The theory also highlights the importance of the
mesosystem, which refers to the connections and interactions between the various systems in which the child
participates. For example, the relationship between a child's school and their family can influence the child's
experiences with bullying, as communication and support between the two systems can help prevent or
address bullying behaviors. Overall, Ecological Systems Theory suggests that behavior is influenced by a
complex interplay of individual and environmental factors, and that interventions to prevent or address
bullying must take into account the various systems in which the child participates.
LOCAL STUDY
Thesis Title: Campus Bullying In The Senior High School: A Qualitative Case Study (2018)
Bullying is a pervasive problem in schools that can negatively affect the mental and emotional well-
being of students. It is a form of aggressive behavior that is intentional, repeated, and involves an imbalance
of power between the bully and the victim. This study by Mary Grace P. Garcia and Ma. Lucy A. Tiamzon
explores the issue of campus bullying in senior high schools through a qualitative case study.
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This study sheds light on the problem of campus bullying in senior high schools. The findings suggest
that bullying is a prevalent problem that has a negative impact on the mental and emotional well-being of
students. The study has important implications for educators, policymakers, and parents in addressing
bullying in schools. By working together, we can create a safe and supportive school environment where
students can thrive.
Thesis Title: Students Bullying Teachers: Understanding and Behavior of College Students
from a Higher Education Institution (2019)
The research conducted by John Mark R. Asio entitled "Students Bullying Teachers: Understanding and
Behavior of College Students from a Higher Education Institution" aims to understand and explore the
phenomenon of students bullying their teachers. The study was conducted in a higher education institution,
and it aims to provide insight into the attitudes and behaviors of college students towards their teachers.
This study provides valuable insight into the phenomenon of students bullying teachers in higher
education institutions. The findings highlight the need for institutions and teachers to take a proactive
approach to address and prevent bullying in the classroom.
Thesis Title: Defining Bullying among Students from Criminal Law Perspective: Comparison
between Malaysia and the Philippines (2019)
Presented by Rajamanickam et. al. (2020), bullying is not a minor issue, and if left unattended, can
have serious consequences. If done incorrectly, it may result in health issues. People believed that bullying
could be addressed through legal means. Despite the lack of a legislation specifically prohibiting bullying,
bullies can still be dealt with through legal means under the Penal Code. This is because, based on the
definitions listed above, bullying consists of a variety of components that may come into play. Under the
provisions of the Penal Code pertaining to offenses. Addressing the problem of bullying solely through the
Penal Code may not be adequate. There are some bullying behaviors like these. As well as school mocking
and practical jokes that may be outside the boundaries. Penal Code and hence leave no action to be
conducted.
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Consequently, in order to offer substantial protection, bullying victims, a law specifically addressing
bullying must be passed. To start, a reference to the can be made. The Anti-Bullying Act of 2013 defines
what constitutes bullying. Bullying and the laws that govern it. This is in accordance within Article 19 of the
CRC, it is stated unequivocally that "the State" Parties should implement all necessary steps, including
Malaysia, including a legislative strategy to safeguard children from all kinds of abuse, harm, or physical or
emotional violence.
INTERNATIONAL STUDY
Thesis Title: “I Felt Angry, But I Couldn’t Do Anything About It”: A Qualitative Study Of
Cyberbullying Among Taiwanese High School Students (2018)
Conducted by Chia-Wen Wang, The study aimed to understand the experiences and perceptions of
cyberbullying among high school students in Taiwan. The study utilized a qualitative research design and
conducted in-depth interviews with 15 high school students who have experienced cyberbullying. The findings
of the study revealed several important results.
The study provides important insights into the experiences and perceptions of cyberbullying among
high school students in Taiwan. The findings highlight the need for schools and parents to take a proactive
approach to prevent and address cyberbullying. By increasing awareness, providing support, and
implementing effective interventions, we can help protect the well-being of our youth in the digital age.
Thesis Title: Study of the Influencing Factors of Cyberbullying Among Chinese College Students
Incorporated With Digital Citizenship: From the Perspective of Individual Students (2021)
The study conducted by Jinping Zhong in 2021 titled aimed to explore the factors that influence
cyberbullying among Chinese college students and to identify the role of digital citizenship in preventing
cyberbullying. The study used a mixed-methods approach, combining both qualitative and quantitative data
collection methods. The quantitative data was obtained through a survey questionnaire administered to 587
college students in China, while the qualitative data was obtained through in-depth interviews with 20
participants.
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The findings of the study suggest that interventions aimed at preventing cyberbullying should address
personal characteristics, family and peer relationships, and school environment factors. Additionally, schools
should promote digital citizenship education to enhance students' awareness of the importance of responsible
and ethical online behavior. Overall, the study highlights the importance of developing a comprehensive
approach to addressing cyberbullying among Chinese college students.
Thesis Title: Bullying victimization: time trends and the overlap between traditional and
cyberbullying across countries in Europe and North America (2020)
Presented by Cosma et. al. (2020), This study investigates current cross-national patterns in bullying
victimization across time (2014–2020), and it then records the overlap between cybervictimization and
traditional bullying among adolescents in 37 countries in 2014 to 2020. Data from four cycles of the
international Health Behavior in School-Aged Children study (2014-2016-2018-2020) were included (N =
764,518). In 37 nations, trends in traditional victimization were assessed using logistic regression models.
Estimates were made of the prevalence of cybervictimization and the overlap between it and more
conventional forms of victimization. Bullying victimization rates decreased linearly in 12 nations for girls and
21 countries for boys. Cybervictimization was consistently more common than physical victimization. Overall,
across all nations, 46.5% of boys and 45.3% of girls who reported cybervictimization also reported traditional
victimization, but there were significant regional differences.
To sum up the point, Bullying need for a more comprehensive approach to intervention and prevention
that takes into account all forms of bullying, whether they occur offline or online. Instead of concentrating on
behaviors that occur in a specific setting, public health programs and policies might target bullying more
broadly.
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METHODOLOGY
RESEARCH DESIGN
The researchers will use the Phenomenological Qualitative Design as a means to gather data for this
research. This method was applied to further investigate the lived experience of Grade 10 students with
bullying: Either/Both Traditionally and Digitally. The researchers decided to use this method in hopes that it
will provide a broader and clearer understanding of their research through the data gathered from the
conducted interview with the chosen Grade 10 students and through the interpretation and thorough analysis
of their results. The researchers will achieve their objective of investigating the lived experience of grade 10
students by using this research design.
RESPONDENTS
The respondents of the study will be the Grade 10 students at Cebu City Don Carlos A. Gothong
Memorial National High School. The researchers decided to have the Grade 10 students since they were the
older ones; They were the role model to the younger grade levels. Also, since they were old, they had the
needed knowledge and experience that the researchers need. Therefore, the researchers decided to use
purposive sampling as their sampling techniques and will ask the Grade 10 students if they witness, victim, or
perpetrate cyberbullying. That is n out of n (n% of 100%). Then, the researchers will interview those who
experienced it. The researchers believed that the total number of respondents will be enough to investigate
the lived experience of Grade 10 students on bullying.
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RESEARCH LOCALE
This study was conducted in the school year 2022-2023 and social or virtual interaction were used to
collect the data based on the respondents’ coziness and availability. The respondents were the Grade Ten
students of Cebu City Don Carlos A. Gothong Memorial National High School. The school is located at Candido
Padilla Street, 6000 ran under the provision of DepED, and offered primary, elementary, junior high school,
and senior high school only. Cebu City Don Carlos A. Gothong Memorial National High School was formerly
known as Cebu Institute of Technology which was bought by Don Carlos A. Gothong, establishing the school
in 1987.
RESEARCH INSTRUMENTS
The data in this study will be gathered through the means of a survey questionnaire and interview
schedule. The interview schedule was able to utilize the questionnaires used by the 2019 study investigating
cyberbullying as a growing public health concern threatening the well-being of adolescents in both developed
and developing countries by Chai Wen-Wang et. al. Some questions in the interview schedule taken from the
study mentioned were critically modified by the researchers to answer the questions specifically raised in this
study.
DATA ANALYSIS
To answer the queries in the problems, Thematic Analysis was utilized.
Thematic Analysis entails familiarizing yourself with the data by reading the transcripts, producing
codes, and organizing them into bigger categorization groups (subcategories, categories, and themes) until a
saturated thematic map of the data is made. The ideas were updated and modified until the researchers
reached an agreement.
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The researchers will use verbatim transcription to create a written record of an interview or group
discussion for data analysis. A verbatim transcript is required for grounded theory analysis because it
captures information in the participant's own words, phrases, and expressions, allowing researchers to
discover cultural interpretations.
The data will be analyzed using True Verbatim by the researchers. True verbatim transcription is the
most thorough account of a recording, encompassing every word, sound, and nonverbal communication; it is
the recommended transcription form for academic research and analysis when every detail matters.
Three major tasks are involved in this process: generating a verbatim transcript of the interview,
translating the transcript into English, and eliminating identifiers from the data to protect participant
confidentiality (Hennink, Hutter & Bailey, 2011).
TIMELINE
2023
Research February March March April April May May
Phases
(Week 3- (Week 1- (Week 3- (Week 1- (Week 3- (Week 1- (Week 3-
4) 2) 4) 2) 4) 2) 5)
Choosing
the research
title
Finding
related
literature
and studies
13
Creating the
concept
paper
Research
Proposal
Creating the
Chapter 1
Chapter 1
Defense
Creating the
Chapter 2
Creating the
Chapter 3
Interviewing
the
respondents
Making of
Verbatim
Transcripts
Creating the
Chapter 4
Creating the
Chapter 5
14
Proofreadin
Research
Defense
Final
Proofreadin
Publication
TABLE 1. FUNDING OF THE STUDY
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY/ BENEFITS
The goal of this study is to seek and investigate the lived experience of Grade 10 students in bullying
and this was where the significant contribution of the result was enumerated. This research study will be
beneficial to the following:
CCDCAGMNHS Grade Ten Students. This study benefits the grade ten students of Cebu City Don
Carlos A. Gothong Memorial National High School, as respondents of the study, who were knowledgeable
about bullying and use that knowledge to help raise awareness. They will genuinely help other students, as
they serve as a role model among the younger level, to introduce bullying as a problem and teach them how
to cope with it.
CCDCAGMNHS Students. This study will raise awareness among Cebu City Don Carlos A. Gothong
Memorial National High School students about the negativeness of bullying, and how to cope with and curb it.
They will serve as a channel of the information provided by this study.
CCDCAGMNHS Faculty and Staff. This study benefits the Cebu City Don Carlos A. Gothong
Memorial National High School Faculty and Staff in order for them to prevent bullying stating the fact that
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they are role models among students. They will also help the researchers in assessing and coordinating the
research’s intervention plan.
CCDCAGMNHS Parents. This study benefits the parents of the school in encouraging them to teach
their children the important value of respect. They are also the ones who will guide their children which are
the students and counsel them about bullying.
Researchers. This study benefits from their research by learning and analyzing the lived experience
of the grade ten students who experienced cyberbullying. They serve as the light and the source of reliable
information about bullying.
Future Researchers. This study served as a reference to other future researchers who would soon
conduct a study of a similar nature. This will serve as a reliable source of information and with that, can be
used as a main source.
SUPPORT NEEDED
Funding will be applied for through the school’s funds and donations.
Item Explanation Cost
Decorations and stuff For the proposed intervention ₱200.00
plan: Workshop
Prizes and Certificates For the proposed intervention ₱100.00
plan: Workshop
Snacks For the proposed intervention ₱250.00
plan: Workshop
Total ₱450.00
The budget for this study is detailed in the table below:
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TABLE 2. BUDGET OF THE STUDY
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REFERENCES
Akos, P., & Galassi, J. P. (n.d.). An ecological systems approach to bullying behaviors among middle school
students in the United States. Children & Schools, 26(2), 105-114.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/44648902_An_Ecological_Systems_Approach_to_Bullying_B
ehaviors_Among_Middle_School_Students_in_the_United_States
Asio, J. M. R. (2019). Students bullying teachers: Understanding and behavior of college students from a
higher education institution. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Research, 9(1), 46-
52. Retrieved from https://www.ijhsr.org/journal/index.php/ijhsr/article/view/839
De Leon, C. (2022, January 22). School bullies: Unbearable scourge to Filipino families. Inquirer Opinion.
https://opinion.inquirer.net/161057/school-bullies-unbearable-scourge-to-filipino-families
Feng, Y., Lei, X., & Deng, L. (2021). The relationship between bullying and internet addiction among Chinese
adolescents: A moderated mediation model. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 621418.
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.621418/full
Santos, L. S. (2018). Campus Bullying in the Senior High School: A Qualitative Case Study. Retrieved from
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/332564158_Campus_Bullying_in_the_Senior_High_School_A
_Qualitative_Case_Study
Sener, Y., & Deniz, M. E. (2020). The Relationship Between Cyber Bullying and Cyber Victimization Among
Adolescents: The Mediating Role of Digital Self-Esteem. Retrieved from
https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/230923604.pdf
Sonnie, J. (2014). Cyber Wellness Philippines. https://asksonnie.info/cyber-wellness-philippines/
Swearer, S. M., Wang, C., Berry, B., & Myers, Z. (n.d.). Reducing bullying: Application of social cognitive
theory. Empowerment Initiative. https://cehs.unl.edu/EmpowermentInitiative/Swearer%20Wang
%20Berry%20%26%20Myers%20%282014%29%20Reducing%20Bullying%20Application%20of
%20Social%20Cognitive%20Theory%20%282%29.pdf
Yen, C. F., Chiu, Y. C., Yang, P., Wu, Y. Y., & Cheng, C. P. (2019). Prevalence and correlates of cyberbullying
perpetration and victimization among adolescents in Taiwan. BMC Public Health, 19(1), 1-10.
https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-019-7005-9
CURRICULUM VITAE
NAME: Angela R. Laborte
Age: 18
BIRTHDATE: November 11, 2004
FATHER’S NAME: Angelo P. Laborte
MOTHER’S NAME: Teresita R. Laborte
ADDRESS: 122, Spolarium Street Cebu City
GENDER: Female
RELIGION: Roman Catholic
CONTACT NUMBER: 0913 852 4805
AMBITION: Police
MOTTO: “Don’t be afraid to fail. Be afraid not to try.”
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT:
SCHOOL YEAR GRADUATED
ELEMENTARY Alaska Elementary School 2017
JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL Alaska Night High School (2017-2018)
CCDCAGMNHS (2018-2022) 2022
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL CCDCAGMNHS
TRACK & STRAND Humanities and Social Science (HUMSS)

CURRICULUM VITAE
NAME: Cash John Isiah Delima
AGE: 17
BIRTHDATE: March 4, 2006
FATHER’S NAME: Mictorwin E. Rupita
MOTHER’S NAME: Emelda D. Rupita
ADDRESS: 448 A. C. Padilla Street Cebu City
GENDER: Male
AMBITION: Lawyer
MOTTO: “Be the doubter of the doubt you doubted.”
ELEMENTARY San Nicolas Elementary School (2011-2015)
St. Mary’s Academy of San Nicolas Inc. (2015-2017) 2017
JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL St. Mary’s Academy of San Nicolas Inc. 2022

CURRICULUM VITAE
NAME: Hubert Hinayas
AGE: 18
BIRTHDATE: October 12, 2004
FATHER’S NAME: Richard Sunano Añora
MOTHER’S NAME: Nycel N. Añora
ADDRESS: 112 K. Spolarium Street Duljo Fatima
GENDER: Male
AMBITION: Military
MOTTO: “Life’s hard. That’s life.”
ELEMENTARY San Nicolas Elementary School 2017
JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL CCDCAGMNHS 2022

CURRICULUM VITAE
NAME: Necole Ann B. Ligson
AGE: 16
BIRTHDATE: August 20, 2006
FATHER’S NAME: Henry M. Ligson
MOTHER’S NAME: Sandra B. Ligson
ADDRESS: Ipil-ipil Alaska Mambaling Cebu City
GENDER: Female
AMBITION: Police
MOTTO: “Keep going, everything you need will come to you at the perfect time.”
ELEMENTARY Alaska Elementary School 2017
JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL CCDCAGMNHS 2022

CURRICULUM VITAE
NAME: Shannen June C. Lim
AGE: 16
BIRTHDATE: June 20, 2006
FATHER’S NAME: Louis Anthony Lim
MOTHER’S NAME: Rosalie B. Lim
ADDRESS: 24 Figueroa Street San Nicolas Proper
GENDER: Female
AMBITION: Professional Artist
MOTTO: “Even at your worse, continue to be kind to others.”
ELEMENTARY San Nicolas Elementary School 2017
JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL Abellana National School (2017-2018)
CCDCAGMNHS (2018-2022) 2022

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Group 1 HUMSS B Concept Paper

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NATURAL AND DIGITAL SPACE: A PHENOMENOLOGICAL STUDY EXPLORING GRADE TEN

STUDENTS’ BULLYING EXPERIENCES

Faculty of Senior High School

Cebu City Don Carlos A. Gothong Memorial National High School

C. Padilla St., Cebu City

Of the Requirements for the Subject

ENGLISH FOR ACADEMICS AND PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES

CASH JOHN ISIAH DELIMA

SHANNEN JUNE B. LIM

bullying was born.

perspective of the victims, witnesses, and perpetrators.

GOALS AND OBJECTIVES

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

defined as a concern among individuals believing it hinders their development in life.

Thus, the researchers sought to answer the following questions:

1. How do the Grade 10 Students define cyberbullying?

2. How did cyberbullying occur among Grade 10 students?

4.2. Witnesses; and

5. Based on the findings, what intervention plan should be proposed?

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

SCHOOL BULLIES: UNBEARABLE SCOURGE TO FILIPINO FAMILIES

action from parents, educators, and the government to address.

bullying can even lead to suicide.

CYBER WELLNESS IN THE PHILIPPINES: ENSURING ONLINE SAFETY FOR EVERYONE

tools and resources.

more secure online environment for everyone.

SCHOOL BULLYING INCIDENTS SURGE DUE TO BETTER REPORTING SYSTEM

increase their capacity to gather reports about bullying.

SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY

combination of direct experience, observation, and social reinforcement.

SOCIAL COGNITIVE THEORY

to engage in bullying behaviors.

ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS THEORY

likely to engage in those behaviors.

students can thrive.

from a Higher Education Institution (2019)

approach to address and prevent bullying in the classroom.

between Malaysia and the Philippines (2019)

Cyberbullying Among Taiwanese High School Students (2018)

of the study revealed several important results.

approach to addressing cyberbullying among Chinese college students.

cyberbullying across countries in Europe and North America (2020)

international Health Behavior in School-Aged Children study (2014-2016-2018-2020) were included (N =

victimization, but there were significant regional differences.

students by using this research design.

the lived experience of Grade 10 students on bullying.

To answer the queries in the problems, Thematic Analysis was utilized.

discover cultural interpretations.

confidentiality (Hennink, Hutter & Bailey, 2011).

Research February March March April April May May

TABLE 1. FUNDING OF THE STUDY

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY/ BENEFITS

beneficial to the following:

to cope with it.

They will serve as a channel of the information provided by this study.

research’s intervention plan.

the students and counsel them about bullying.

information about bullying.

used as a main source.