Trường Đại Học Sư Phạm Kỹ Thuật

Khoa Cơ Khí Động Lực

Môn học
Ứng dụng máy tính trong tính toán
mô phỏng động cơ

GV: TS Lý Vĩnh Đạt

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 Engine Design Set the Engine Target
Bench Marking
‧performance curve
(Engine Profile) ‧friction/pumping loss
Basic Des Analy ‧combustion pressure

‧bearing ‧piston
‧screw ‧crank sht
‧con rod Concept Design
（Layout Design） Engine Simulation
Valve-train analysis ‧Bore, stroke
‧Valve diameter, valve lift
Port Design Data Base ‧Port flow coefficient, Cd
Cyl Hd Flow Box Delv
‧Flow coefficient, Cd ‧In/ex pipe length and dia.
‧Tumble, Swirl Ratio ‧CFD for port design ‧Compression ratio
‧Flow Box design
‧Flow Box manufacture
‧Flow Box development Finite Element Analysis
‧Items
Dynamic Analysis heat transfer, stress,
Detail Design strain, vibration
‧Valve train ‧Components
‧Crank-shaft cylinder head, cylinder
Prototyping block, piston, con. rod,
bracket, whole power train
Development
Data Base Prototype Rig Test

‧Test Procedure Development ‧Valve train test

‧Sign-off Criteria ‧CVT test
‧Cooling system test
Engine Development

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 What is Design?

What is Design?

Drawing Function & Tolerance checking

- Manufacture
Calculating & Analysis Schedule Management
Discussion
- Development
Discussion

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 How to Design?

Design Criteria How to Design?

Experience

Thumb Rule

CAE Analysis

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 Engine design
VEHICLE PERFOR MANCE DYNAMIC ANALYSIS
SIMULATION
Valve Train Dynamic
Vehicle Acceleration Crankshaft Dynamic
Requirement of Engine Outputs Piston Dynamic

PRODUCT DETAIL
CONCEPT DESIGN/LAYOUT PROTOTYPING
PROFILE DESIGN
DEVELOPMENT

ENGINE SIMULATION BASIC DESIGN FINITE ELEMENT

ANALYSIS ANALYSIS ANALYSIS

Efficiency Analysis: Items: Items:

charge, combustion and - dimension heat transfer, stress,
mechanical - stress, deformation, and vibration
Determine Component Parameters: and fatigue Components:
- components of exhaust system Components: - cylinder head
- components of combustion system - valve train - cylinder block
- rotating elements - connecting rod - piston
- piston - connecting rod
Provide Engineering Data: - crankshaft - crankshaft
-cylinder temperature and pressure - bearing - brackets
- bolts

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 Ideal Models of Engine Cycles
Real engine cycle vs. Ideal cycle

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 Thermodynamic Relations
W   Fdx   PAp dx   PdV
w W /m
wb  wi  w f brake work = indicated work – friction work

Ch. 5.3

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 Thermodynamic Relations

Ch. 5.3

Electronic
Engine Indicator
Equipment

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 Engine Simulation Program
Why do all engine manufactures use computer
simulations?
1. Engine testing is very expensive ($2000 - $4000 per
day).
2. Developing prototypes of new engines is expensive
and time consuming.
3. Modeling can reveal the root cause of behavior
where testing provides only behavior.
4. Simulation development often leads to „new concepts‟
through a better understanding of engine processes.
source: Dr. Joel Hiltner
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 Modeling Real Engine Ch. 14
p. 748

In general, modeling a process has come to mean

developing and using the appropriate combination
of assumptions and equations that permit critical
features of the process to be analyzed.

A practical engine model includes the subs-systems:

(1) charging, (2) combustion,(3) heat transfer, (4)
friction, and (5) work done.
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 Modeling Real Engine

COMMERCIALIZED
ENGINE SIMULATION PROGRAM
AVL BOOST
RICARDO FIRE
LOTUS
Ch. 14
OPTIMUM
SOFT-ENGINE
˙… etc.
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 Engine Simulation Model
LOTUS - MICES AVL - BOOST RICARDO - WAVE
1 PIPE 1-D wave action 1-D wave action 1-D wave action
Input: length, diameter (only Input: length, diameter (can be Input: length, diameter (left end
inlet & outlet of the pipe), variable along the pipe), & right end), bending radius,
thickness, material, cooling bending radius, friction coeff., computational increment, wall
method, friction coeff., and heat transfer factor, and wall temperature, wall friction
number of mesh. temperature. multiplier., heat transfer
multiplier, …etc.
2 COMBUS- Wiebe function for S.I Wiebe function for S.I DIESEL Combustion: Ignition
TION combustion. input: the location combustion. input: the location delay model, Evaporation model,
(deg) of 50% burned point, (deg) of start of combustion, Wiebe combustion model,
burn duration from 10% to burn duration from 0% to Burned zone air/fuel ratio model
90%, and Wiebe function 99.9%, and Wiebe function S.I. Combustion Wiebe model,
exponent a & m. exponent a & m. (a must be input: the location (deg) of 50%
Double Wiebe function for less than 6.9) burned point, burn duration from
diesel combustion. Double Wiebe function for 10% to 90%, and Wiebe
Default or user specify. diesel combustion. function exponent a & m
3 HEAT Open cycle & closed cycle. Woschni 1978, Woschni 1990, Woschni (1967)
TRANSFER Annand, Woschni, Eichelburg and Hohenberg h=0.0128*D(-0.20)*P(0.80)* T(-0.53)
*Vc
4 FRICTION H B Moss, Chyen & Flynn, NA, just input the value of Chyen & Flynn (1965)
uers fmep, user mechanical eff. fmep. FMEP=A+B*Pmax+C*RPM*S
TROKE/2 12
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 Modeling Real Engine

A practical engine model includes the subs-systems:

(1) charging,
(2) combustion,
(3) heat transfer,
(4) friction,
(5) work done.
Ch. 14
IMECE 2003 paper, by YY Wu et al., “Engine Modeling with
Inlet and Exhaust Wave action for Real Time Control”
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 Modeling Real Engine Ch. 14
˙Charging: filling & emptying, or wave action
˙Combustion: torque function, or Wiebe function
dQht
˙Heat transfer:  h  A  (Tg  Tw )
dt

heat transfer coefficient

h  1.92 *106 P 0.635T 1.450 Cm  1.4
0.052

˙Friction: 
Pmf  C1 N 2  C2 C3
dW dV
P
˙Work done: d d 14
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 Modeling Real Engine Ch. 14
Four types of models for calculating details of intake and exhaust
flows have been developed and used:
(1) Quasi-steady model: used for control, such as EGR valve control.
The disadvantage is too many empirical equations.
(2) Filling and empting model: used for performance prediction.
Using mass continuity and energy equation or entropy only. Do not
need momentum equation.
(3) Wave action model: One dimensional flow with momentum
equation. The calculating time is pretty long. When the ratio of
length/diameter is greater than 10, the effect of wave action should
not be neglected.
(4) CFD model: 3-dimensional viscous flow. The calculating time is
very long. Used for a new engine design.
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 Modeling Real Engine Ch. 14
Simulation Control Volume

source: Dr. Joel Hiltner

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 Modeling Real Engine Ch. 14

source: Dr. Joel Hiltner

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 Modeling Real Engine Ch. 14

source: Dr. Joel Hiltner

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