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    PDF 20230417 215012 0000

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    Satyam Kumar
    This document outlines the 5 main steps of hypothesis testing: 1) State the null and alternative hypotheses, 2) Collect data in a way to test the hypotheses, 3) Perform an appropriate statistical test on the data, 4) Decide whether to reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis based on the statistical test results, and 5) Present the findings and conclusions in a research paper or thesis. It provides examples and explanations of each step, such as how to restate an initial research hypothesis as formal null and alternative hypotheses for testing, and how the p-value is used to determine whether to reject the null hypothesis.

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    PDF 20230417 215012 0000

    Uploaded by

    Satyam Kumar
    9 views10 pages
    This document outlines the 5 main steps of hypothesis testing: 1) State the null and alternative hypotheses, 2) Collect data in a way to test the hypotheses, 3) Perform an appropriate statistical test on the data, 4) Decide whether to reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis based on the statistical test results, and 5) Present the findings and conclusions in a research paper or thesis. It provides examples and explanations of each step, such as how to restate an initial research hypothesis as formal null and alternative hypotheses for testing, and how the p-value is used to determine whether to reject the null hypothesis.

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    This document outlines the 5 main steps of hypothesis testing: 1) State the null and alternative hypotheses, 2) Collect data in a way to test the hypotheses, 3) Perform an appropriate statistical test on the data, 4) Decide whether to reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis based on the statistical test results, and 5) Present the findings and conclusions in a research paper or thesis. It provides examples and explanations of each step, such as how to restate an initial research hypothesis as formal null and alternative hypotheses for testing, and how the p-value is used to determine whether to reject the null hypothesis.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    9 views10 pages

    PDF 20230417 215012 0000

    Uploaded by

    Satyam Kumar
    This document outlines the 5 main steps of hypothesis testing: 1) State the null and alternative hypotheses, 2) Collect data in a way to test the hypotheses, 3) Perform an appropriate statistical test on the data, 4) Decide whether to reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis based on the statistical test results, and 5) Present the findings and conclusions in a research paper or thesis. It provides examples and explanations of each step, such as how to restate an initial research hypothesis as formal null and alternative hypotheses for testing, and how the p-value is used to determine whether to reject the null hypothesis.

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    of 10

    HYPOTHESIS

    TESTING
    A Step-by-Step Guide with Easy
    Examples
    Agenda
    KEY TOPICS DISCUSSED IN
    THIS PRESENTATION

    What is Hypothesis Testing?


    5 main steps in Hypothesis
    Testing
    What is Hypothesis Testing?
    Hypothesis testing is a formal
    procedure for investigating our ideas
    about the world using statistics. It is
    most often used by scientists to test
    specific predictions, called hypotheses,
    that arise from theories.
    5 main steps in Hypothesis Testing

    1 2 3 4 5




    State Collect Perform Decide Present

    State your Collect Perform an Decide Present the


    research data in a appropriat whether to findings in
    hypothesis as
    way e statistical reject or fail your results
    a null
    hypothesis designed test. to reject and
    and alternate to test the your null discussion
    hypothesis hypothesis hypothesis. section.
    (Ho) and (Ha
    or H1).
    Step 1: State your null and alternate
    hypothesis
    After developing your initial research hypothesis (the
    prediction that you want to investigate), it is important to

    restate it as a null (Ho) and alternate (Ha) hypothesis so


    that you can test it mathematically.

    The alternate hypothesis is usually your initial hypothesis


    that predicts a relationship between variables. The null
    hypothesis is a prediction of no relationship between the
    variables you are interested in.
    Step 2: Collect data

    For a statistical test to be valid, it is important to


    perform sampling and collect data in a way that is

    designed to test your hypothesis. If your data are not


    representative, then you cannot make statistical
    inferences about the population you are interested in.
    Step 3: Perform a statistical test
    There are a variety of statistical tests available, but they are
    all based on the comparison of within-group variance (how
    spread

    out the data is within a category)

    versus between-
    group variance (how different the categories are from one
    another).

    If the between-group variance is large enough that there is


    little or no overlap between groups, then your statistical test
    will reflect that by showing a low p-value. This means it is
    unlikely that the differences between these groups came about
    by chance.
    Step 4: Decide whether to reject or fail to
    reject your null hypothesis
    Based on the outcome of your statistical test, you will have to decide
    whether to reject or fail to reject your null hypothesis.

    In most cases you will use the p-value generated by your statistical test to
    guide your decision. And in most cases, your predetermined level of
    significance for rejecting the null hypothesis will be 0.05 – that is, when
    there is a less than 5% chance that you would see these results if the null
    hypothesis were true.

    In some cases, researchers choose a more conservative level of significance,


    such as 0.01 (1%). This minimizes the risk of incorrectly rejecting the null
    hypothesis (Type I error).
    Step 5: Present your findings
    The results of hypothesis testing will be presented in the results and
    discussion sections of your research paper, dissertation or thesis.

    In the
    results section you should give a brief summary of the data and
    a summary of the results of your statistical test (for example, the
    estimated difference between group means and associated p-value).
    In the discussion, you can discuss whether your initial hypothesis was
    supported by your results or not.

    In the formal language of hypothesis testing, we talk about rejecting


    or failing to reject the null hypothesis. You will probably be asked to
    do this in your statistics assignments.
    Do you have
    any questions?

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