MINI PROJECT

ON

UPCYCLE WITH STYLE

“Organic fertilizers”

IN THE PARTIAL FULFILLMENT MASTER OF BUSINESS

ADMINISTRATION FROM

BUNDELKHAND INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND

TECHNOLOGY, JHANSI, UTTAR PRADESH

SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY:

ER ARJUN VERMA RAHUL YADAV

 STUDENT DECLARATION
I undersigned, hereby declare that the project titled “Organic fertilizers”
submitted in partial fulfilment for the award of Degree of Master of
Business Administration is a bonafide record of work done by me under
the guidance of ER ARJUN VERMA. This report has not previously
formed the basis for the award of any degree, diploma, or similar title
of any University.

PLACE: Jhansi SIGNATURE

DATE : RAHUL YADAV

Roll no. 2200430700010

 CERTIFICATE FROM INSTITUTION
This is to certify that Rahul Yadav, 1st semester student of Master of
Business Administration, Bundelkhand Institute of Engineering and
Technology has completed the project report on “Organic fertilizers”

Project guide:

Er Arjun Verma
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Acknowledgement is an art, one can write glib stanzas without meaning
a word, and on the other hand one can make a simple expression of
gratitude.” I take the opportunity to express my gratitude to all of them
who in some way or the other helped me to accomplish this challenging
project. No amount of written expression is sufficient to show my
deepest sense of gratitude to them. I am highly indebted to my faculty
guide Dr. Suman Yadav, and all the Faculty of M.B.A Department,
B.I.E.T JHANSI for their continuous support and guidance during the
project who not only helped me in the successful completion of this
project report but also spread his precious and valuable time in
expending my knowledge base. I take immense pleasure thanking him
for supporting at stages of this project. Finally, I am also grateful to all
those personalities who have helped me directly or indirectly in
bringing up this project report.
 Introduction
Organic fertilizers are an essential aspect of agriculture and have become
increasingly popular in recent years due to their environmentally friendly nature.
Organic fertilizers are derived from natural sources, such as animal waste, plant
materials, and minerals, and are a sustainable alternative to chemical fertilizers.
However, the use of organic fertilizers has its challenges, including low nutrient
content, slow release, and variability in quality. Therefore, this research report
aims to identify the problems associated with organic fertilizers and propose
solutions to overcome them.

Organic fertilizers are naturally available mineral sources that contain moderate
amount of plant essential nutrients. They are capable of mitigating problems
associated with synthetic fertilizers. They reduce the necessity of repeated
application of synthetic fertilizers to maintain soil fertility. They gradually release
nutrients into the soil solution and maintain nutrient balance for healthy growth
of crop plants. They also act as an effective energy source of soil microbes which
in turn improve soil structure and crop growth. Organic fertilizers are generally
thought to be slow releasing fertilizers and they contain many trace elements.
They are safer alternatives to chemical fertilizers. However, the improper use of
organic fertilizers leads to overfertilization or nutrient deficiency in the soil.
Hence, controlled release of organic fertilizers is an effective and advanced way
to overcome these impacts and maintain sustainable agriculture yield.
 Organic fertilizer

Organic fertilizer is a type of fertilizer that is derived from natural sources, such
as animal waste, plant materials, and minerals. Unlike chemical fertilizers, which
are made from synthetic substances, organic fertilizers are made from natural
materials and are considered to be more sustainable and environmentally friendly.

Organic fertilizers can provide essential nutrients to plants, including nitrogen,

phosphorus, and potassium, as well as micronutrients like calcium, magnesium,
and sulfur. These nutrients are released slowly over time, providing a sustained
source of nutrition to the plants.

Examples of organic fertilizers include compost, animal manure, bone meal, fish
emulsion, and seaweed extract. These fertilizers can be applied directly to the soil
or mixed with water and applied as a liquid fertilizer.

Organic fertilizers are often preferred by farmers and gardeners who prioritize
sustainability and environmental responsibility. They can improve soil health,
promote the growth of beneficial microorganisms, and reduce the amount of
synthetic chemicals that are used in agriculture. Additionally, organic fertilizers
can help to reduce nutrient runoff, which can contribute.

Uses of organic fertilizer

Organic fertilizers are used in agriculture and gardening to provide essential

nutrients to plants and improve soil health. Some of the key benefits of using
organic fertilizers include:
1. Improved soil health: Organic fertilizers contain beneficial
microorganisms that help to improve soil health, including earthworms,
fungi, and bacteria. These microorganisms can help to break down organic
matter in the soil and make nutrients more available to plants.
2. Sustainable agriculture: Organic fertilizers are made from natural
sources, which makes them a more sustainable alternative to chemical
fertilizers. Organic fertilizers can also help to reduce nutrient runoff, which
can contribute to water pollution.
3. Slow-release nutrients: Organic fertilizers release nutrients slowly
over time, providing a sustained source of nutrition to plants. This can help
to prevent nutrient burn and reduce the risk of over-fertilization.
4. Improved plant growth: Organic fertilizers can improve plant growth
and yield by providing essential nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and
potassium, as well as micronutrients like calcium, magnesium, and sulfur.
5. Reduced environmental impact: Organic fertilizers are considered
to be more environmentally friendly than chemical fertilizers because they
are made from natural sources and do not contain synthetic chemicals that
can harm the environment.
 Application of Organic fertilizers

1. Agriculture: Organic fertilizers are commonly used in agriculture to

improve soil health and promote plant growth.
2. Gardening: Organic fertilizers can be used in home gardens and
landscaping to promote plant growth and improve soil health.
3. Landscaping: Organic fertilizers can be used to improve soil health and
promote plant growth in parks, golf courses, and other landscaped areas.
4. Composting: Organic fertilizers can be used to create compost, which
can be used to improve soil health and provide nutrition to plants.

Overall, organic fertilizers are a sustainable and environmentally friendly option

for providing essential nutrients to plants and improving soil health.

Organic fertilizers and inorganic fertilizers are two types of fertilizers used in
agriculture and gardening. The main difference between the two types of
fertilizers is that organic fertilizers are made from natural sources, while
inorganic fertilizers are made from synthetic materials.

Types of fertilizers

Organic fertilizers are made from natural sources, such as animal waste, plant
materials, and minerals. They contain organic matter that slowly releases
nutrients over time. Organic fertilizers also help to improve soil structure and
fertility by increasing soil organic matter and promoting the growth of beneficial
microorganisms. Examples of organic fertilizers include:
 1. Compost: Compost is a mixture of organic materials, such as leaves,
grass clippings, and food scraps, that have been allowed to decompose over
time. It is a rich source of nutrients, including nitrogen, phosphorus, and
potassium.
2. Manure: Animal manure, such as cow, chicken, or horse manure, is a
common source of organic fertilizer. It contains high levels of nitrogen,
phosphorus, and potassium, as well as micronutrients like calcium,
magnesium, and sulfur.
3. Bone meal: Bone meal is made from ground-up bones and is a good
source of phosphorus and calcium.
4. Fish emulsion: Fish emulsion is a liquid fertilizer made from fish waste
that is high in nitrogen and other nutrients. It is often used to promote
healthy plant growth and is a popular choice for organic gardening.
5. Bone meal: Bone meal is a dry, granular fertilizer made from ground
animal bones. It is high in phosphorus and is often used to promote root
development in plants.
6. Seaweed: Seaweed is a type of algae that is rich in micronutrients and
minerals. Seaweed-based fertilizers are often used to promote plant growth
and improve soil fertility.

Inorganic fertilizers, also known as synthetic fertilizers, are made from synthetic
materials, such as ammonia, urea, and potassium chloride. They are usually fast-
acting and provide nutrients in a concentrated form. However, they can also be
harmful to the environment if overused, as they can lead to nutrient runoff and
water pollution. Examples of inorganic fertilizers include:
 1. Ammonium nitrate: Ammonium nitrate is a commonly used inorganic
fertilizer that contains high levels of nitrogen. It is fast-acting and provides
nutrients to plants quickly.
2. Triple superphosphate: Triple superphosphate is an inorganic
fertilizer that contains high levels of phosphorus. It is often used to promote
root growth and seed development.
3. Potassium chloride: Potassium chloride is an inorganic fertilizer that
contains high levels of potassium. It is commonly used to promote fruit and
flower development.

Overall, both organic and inorganic fertilizers have their advantages and
disadvantages. Organic fertilizers are a more sustainable and environmentally
friendly option, while inorganic fertilizers are fast-acting and provide nutrients in
a concentrated form. The choice between organic and inorganic fertilizers
depends on a number of factors, including the crop being grown, the soil type,
and the desired yield.

Benefits of Organic Fertilizers

1. Nutrient-rich: Organic fertilizers are rich in nutrients such as nitrogen,

phosphorus, and potassium, as well as micronutrients like calcium,
magnesium, and sulphur. These nutrients are essential for plant growth and
development.
2. Soil health: Organic fertilizers promote soil health by improving soil
structure, texture, and fertility. They help to maintain soil moisture, prevent
erosion, and increase the soil's ability to retain nutrients.
3. Environmentally friendly: Organic fertilizers are made from natural
materials and are biodegradable, making them a more eco-friendly
alternative to synthetic fertilizers.
4. Cost-effective: Organic fertilizers can be made at home using household
waste and other organic materials, making them a cost-effective option for
small-scale farming or gardening.

Disadvantages of organic fertilizer

1. Slow-Release of Nutrients: Organic fertilizers release nutrients

slowly over time, which means they may not provide an immediate boost
of nutrients to plants that synthetic fertilizers can. This can lead to slower
growth rates and may not be ideal for plants that require a quick nutrient
boost.
2. Nutrient Imbalance: Organic fertilizers are not typically designed to
provide specific ratios of nutrients, which can lead to imbalances in soil
nutrient levels. Overuse of certain types of organic fertilizers can also
result in an excess of specific nutrients, leading to nutrient imbalances and
potentially damaging effects on plants.
3. Variability in Composition: The nutrient content of organic
fertilizers can vary widely depending on the source material and
production methods. This can make it difficult to determine the exact
nutrient levels and ratios in the fertilizer, which may not be ideal for plants
that require specific nutrient levels for optimal growth.
4. Pathogen Risk: Organic fertilizers made from animal waste may
contain pathogens such as E. coli or salmonella, which can pose a risk to
human health if not handled properly. It's important to follow safe
handling practices when using organic fertilizers made from animal waste
to minimize the risk of contamination.
 Market size of organic fertilizer

The market size of organic fertilizers varies depending on the region and the
specific type of organic fertilizer being considered. However, the global organic
fertilizer market is growing rapidly, driven by increasing demand for organic food
products and growing awareness about the harmful effects of synthetic fertilizers
on the environment.

According to a report by Research And Markets, the global organic fertilizer

market was valued at $7.6 billion in 2020 and is expected to grow at a compound
annual growth rate (CAGR) of 11.6% from 2021 to 2028. This growth is expected
to be driven by factors such as increasing demand for organic food products,
government initiatives to promote organic farming practices, and growing
awareness about the environmental benefits of using organic fertilizers.

In terms of regional markets, North America and Europe are currently the largest
markets for organic fertilizers, due to the high level of awareness about organic
farming practices in these regions. However, the Asia-Pacific region is expected
to experience the highest growth in the coming years, driven by increasing
demand for organic food products in countries such as China and India.

Organic fertilizer consumption analysis

The India organic fertilizer market is anticipated to witness a growth rate of

around 7% during the period of 2022 and 2032. Market growth is attributed to
growing popularity and demand for organic farming and gardening.
Government initiatives and subsidies promoting the use of organic fertilizers in
India, along with increasing consumption of organic food in the country, will
drive the consumption of these fertilizers across their application areas. Well-
structured and efficient supply chain network, expansion in production capacity,
and crop-specific fertilizer production are expected to remain key growth
strategies of market competitors to increase their footprint.

COVID-19 impacted the organic fertilizer business as several production

facilities in India were entirely shut down because of lockdowns, which had an
indirect impact on the sales of organic fertilizers. However, the pandemic led to
a severe increase in demand for crops, vegetables, and other food source plants.
This increase ensured that in order to maintain the high quality of food produced,
plant and crop sources are adequately supplied with necessary nutrients.

Organic fertilizer market report 2021 - 2027

 Uses of organic fertilizer
Organic fertilizers are derived from natural sources, such as plants and animals,
and are used to provide nutrients to crops and improve soil health. Some common
uses of organic fertilizers include:

• Enhancing soil fertility: Organic fertilizers contain a variety of

nutrients, such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, which are essential
for plant growth. They also help improve soil structure, water-holding
capacity, and overall soil health.
• Promoting plant growth: Organic fertilizers release nutrients slowly,
providing a steady source of nutrition for plants over time. This can result
in improved plant growth, better crop yields, and increased resistance to
pests and diseases.
• Improving soil quality: Organic fertilizers can improve soil quality by
increasing soil organic matter, improving soil structure, and reducing soil
erosion. This can lead to healthier soils, which in turn can support healthier
plants and ecosystems.
• Supporting sustainable agriculture: Organic fertilizers are typically
made from renewable resources and are often produced using sustainable
farming practices. Using organic fertilizers can help reduce the
environmental impact of agriculture and support more sustainable food
production.
• Reducing chemical use: Organic fertilizers can be used as an
alternative to chemical fertilizers, which can be harmful to the environment
 and human health. By using organic fertilizers, farmers can reduce their
reliance on synthetic chemicals and promote more sustainable farming
practices.

Alternative of organic fertilizers

There are several alternatives to organic fertilizers that can be used to provide
nutrients to crops and improve soil health. Some of these alternatives include:

• Chemical fertilizers: Chemical fertilizers are synthetic fertilizers that

are made from chemicals such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium.
They are typically less expensive than organic fertilizers and provide
nutrients to plants quickly. However, they can have negative
environmental impacts if not used properly.
• Cover crops: Cover crops are plants that are grown specifically to
improve soil health. They can be used to fix nitrogen in the soil, reduce soil
erosion, and improve soil structure. Cover crops can also be used as a green
manure, which is a type of organic fertilizer made by incorporating plants
into the soil.
• Compost: Compost is a type of organic fertilizer made by decomposing
organic matter such as food waste, leaves, and grass clippings. Compost is
rich in nutrients and can improve soil structure and water-holding capacity.
It is also a sustainable alternative to chemical fertilizers.
• Animal manure: Animal manure is a type of organic fertilizer made
from the waste of animals such as cows, horses, and chickens. It is rich in
nutrients and can improve soil health. However, it must be properly
managed to avoid environmental issues such as water pollution.
 • Biofertilizers: Biofertilizers are living organisms that can be used to
improve soil health and provide nutrients to plants. They include bacteria,
fungi, and other microorganisms that can fix nitrogen in the soil and
improve soil structure. Biofertilizers are a sustainable alternative to
chemical fertilizers and can improve soil health over time.

Business from organic fertilizer

There are many potential business opportunities related to organic fertilizers.
Some examples include:

• Organic fertilizer production: One of the most obvious business

opportunities related to organic fertilizers is producing and selling them.
This could involve composting organic materials to create a nutrient-rich
fertilizer, or processing animal waste into a usable form. Organic fertilizer
production could be done on a small scale, such as a local composting
operation, or on a larger scale for commercial agriculture.
• Retail sales: Organic fertilizers can be sold directly to consumers at
garden centers, nurseries, and home improvement stores. Starting a
business that specializes in selling organic fertilizers and related products
could be a lucrative opportunity for entrepreneurs.
• Distribution: Another potential business opportunity is to become a
distributor of organic fertilizers. This could involve buying in bulk from
manufacturers and selling to retailers or directly to farmers.
• Consulting: Many farmers and growers may be interested in
transitioning to organic fertilizers but may not know how to get started.
Starting a business that offers consulting services on organic farming
practices and the use of organic fertilizers could be a valuable service.
 • Education and training: As interest in organic farming continues to
grow, there may be opportunities to offer education and training courses
on organic farming practices and the use of organic fertilizers. This could
include workshops, online courses, and other educational resources for
farmers, home gardeners, and other interested individuals.

Overall, there are many potential business opportunities related to organic

fertilizers, and entrepreneurs with a passion for sustainable agriculture and
environmental stewardship may find success in this growing industry.

Organic Fertilizers to Make at Home

Make these Easy Organic Fertilizers at home using everyday ingredients, so that
you can feed your plants naturally and grow lots more food! It is important to
feed your plants as they use up the nutrients in the soil to grow and produce food.
It is also so important that you use organic, natural fertilizers so that we.

1 – don’t consume harmful synthetic toxins but also.

2 – don’t have harmful toxins upsetting the microbiology and killing off all the
amazing beneficial insects and pollinators.

There are a bunch of natural ingredients you use every day that can be easily
turned into natural organic fertilizers to help feed and nourish your plants. There
are also some plants that you can specifically grow to make your own organic
fertilizers. Keep reading below. to find out how you can level up your garden’s
production with these easy organic fertilizers.

Plus, it’s a great way to reduce waste and get the most out of everything in your
home. We can be so quick to throw things out or put them straight in the compost
but many items can be used again first! This also means you are getting more
bang for your buck and saves you spending money on fertilizers. So you can
spend more money on plants

Rice Water

The water that is left behind after rice has been cooked, makes an easy organic
fertilizer for your plants. It contains starch and small amounts of NPK. Which are
Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium. These are all essential for plant health and
growth. In basic terms, Nitrogen is good for producing leaves and greens but if
your soil is too high in Nitrogen you will get all leaves and no actual fruit or
vegetable. Phosphorus is good for cell growth and division, so it is essential for
seedlings. Potassium is great for promoting fruiting and flowering in plants.
Having a good balance of NPK in your soil is important. As your plants grow
they will use up different levels of each so it is important to replenish with
fertilizers.

The NPK in Rice water is low in quantities so you won’t have to worry about
over-fertilizing and it helps you build healthy soil, whilst minimizing waste.
Make sure that you don’t add salt to the water or this will not be good for your
plants. It is also important to make sure the water has completely cooled down
first. Use the rice water fresh as you make it as it doesn’t store well.

Coffee Grounds

Used coffee grounds are great for the garden and can add a boost of nutrition to
your plants, whilst building healthy soil. Used coffee grounds ( filtered through
water) are nearly pH neutral. They are rich in Nitrogen and Potassium which are
both essential nutrients. Although they are brown in colour, they are rich in
Nitrogen so coffee grounds are classed as “green” when you are composting.

There are heaps of ways to incorporate coffee grounds into your garden. You can
add them straight to your compost, sprinkle them around your plants or dilute
them with water for a liquid fertilizer. Coffee Grounds are also great for natural
pest management and can deter lots of unwanted pests from your delicate
seedlings. I have even read that coffee grounds can deter cats, so if you are having
a problem with cats in your garden this is worth a try as it only benefits the soil
and the plants.

To make the liquid fertilizer from Coffee Grounds, add a cup of used coffee
grounds to a bucket of water and let it sit for a day or so. Then you have a liquid
fertilizer to feed your plants. If you don’t have any coffee grounds try visiting
your local barista or cafe as they often just throw away the grounds and would be
happy for you to take them off their hands! A win for them, your garden, and the
planet.

Fish Tank Water

If you have freshwater fish tanks, ponds, or aquaponic systems, the water is great
liquid fertilizer to feed your plants. The fish poop and plant matter will be great
for your garden. Definitely don’t use saltwater tank water as this will probably
kill your plants, which we obviously don’t want.

Wood Ash

The leftover ash from your wood fire is great to feed your garden. Use the light
grey coloured ash at the bottom of your fireplace not the black chunks of coal.
This one can be a little more technical for beginner gardeners so it might be best
to try the other fertilizer options first. Wood ash is high in Potassium and raises
the pH of your soil. So do not use it on acidic loving plants such as Blueberries.

It’s best to add wood ash in small quantities and mix it through your gardens or
compost so as to not raise the pH of your soil too much (unless this is something
you are trying to achieve). Also, it is very important to note: only use wood ash
from chemical-free, untreated wood. Burnt wood that is treated with chemicals
will still have traces leftover and that is not okay for edible plants.

Compost Tea

Compost tea is great if you have potted plants, and don’t have room to add extra
soil to top up the nutrients. To make this easy organic fertilizer, place a few
handfuls of compost in a bucket of water and stir. Allow it to sit for 2-24hrs to
mix and infuse into the water. With all fertilizers, use rainwater when possible,
as tap water is often treated with chemicals hat can actually kill off all the good
bacteria that we are trying to feed. If you only have access to tap water you can
let it sit in a bucket for a day and a lot of the chlorine will evaporate off. Next
time it’s raining, chuck a bucket out and capture some of that amazing natural
water to use. It really does make a big difference!

Liquid Seaweed

You can buy organic seaweed concentrates to mix with water and make
liquid fertilizers. This is something that I always have on hand and is
the only fertilizer that I buy. But if you live near the ocean you can
make your own! Be aware of your local rules and regulations as it is
illegal to remove seaweed in some locations. Even if it has washed up
on the beach. If you can source seaweed, ferment it in a bucket of water
for a week or more, and brew up your own organic fertilizer. Once the
water is a dark colour, it will definitely have a strong smelly pong to it!
Strain off the liquid and dilute it with more water. Add the leftover
seaweed to the compost or the garden to fully break down as slow-
release fertilizer.
 Organic Fertilizer Production Line
The organic fertilizer production line is commonly used to process different
fermented organic substance into bio-organic fertilizer. It adopts one-step
molding technology. Animal manure and agricultural waste are recycled as the
main raw materials, thus manure or dung waste is not only creating economic
benefits for the enterprise, but also making a great contribution to environmental
projects for mankind.

The raw material of bio-organic fertilizer:

1. Agricultural waste: straw, rice bran, etc.
2. Animal waste: chicken manure, pig, cattle and sheep manure, etc.
3. Industrial waste: vinasse, sugar residue, etc.
4. Household waste: kitchen waste, vegetable market and slaughterhouse waste,
etc.
5. Municipal sludge: river silt, sewage sludge, etc.
After safety disposal and fermentation, these materials are made into organic
fertilizer. Thus, organic fertilizer containing a variety of organic acids, peptides,
and rich nutrients including nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Not only
provide comprehensive nutrition for crops, also with long fertilizer effect, which
can Increase and update the soil organic matter and promote microbial breeding,
improve soil physical and chemical properties and biological activity.
 Working Process of Bio-organic
Fertilizer Production Line

Organic fertilizer production line is a complete set of equipment from raw

materials collection to the organic fertilizer packing.

1) Organic Materials Fermentation Process: Which plays the

preliminary but indispensable role in the whole production line. Two main types
of compost turner are widely used to turn and mix the compost and accelerate the
fermentation speed, Self-propelled compost turner and hydraulic compost turner.

2) Crushing Process: The compost lump materials should be grinded before

the granulating process. But we can leave out crushing process when the compost
material is fine enough. Vertical chain crusher and double-shaft horizontal
crusher, two types of crushing machine can be used to crush lump compost
fertilizer raw materials.

3) Mixing Process: two types of mixing machine are applied to mix raw
materials in the fertilizer production line: horizontal mixer and vertical mixer.

4) Granulator Process: Granulating process is the core part in this

production line, so we choose the suitable model of fertilizer granulator according
to customers detailed requirements. Disc granulator machine can be chosen to
granulate the materials evenly.

5) Drying Process: When granulating, the moisture of fertilizer raw materials

should be less than 25%, so we should dry the raw materials if the moisture is
more than 25%.Rotary drum drying machine is mainly used for drying the
fertilizer with a certain degree of humidity and particle size.
6) Rotary Drum Cooling Machine: Which is used for cooling fertilizer to make
fertilizer particles stronger.

7) Rotary Drum Screening Machine: which is used to separate the

granules from the large particles which need to be returned for the second
crushing and granulating. Rotary drum coating machine is used to coat the
fertilizer and prevent the fertilizer from sticking together.

8) The last process is packaging process: Fertilizer packaging machine

can package bags quantitatively and automatically. We also need some auxiliary
equipment for connection such as belt conveyor, bucket elevator, etc.

Features of Bio-organic Fertilizer Production Line

1. The line takes animal manure and agricultural waste as its main material, not
only turns the waste into treasure, but also protects the environment.

2. The whole fertilizer production process is centralized controlled, so this series

of fertilizer machines are highly automatic and easy to operate.

3. Both batching system and packing system are controlled by the computer, thus
ensuring the precision of material batching and fertilizer packing.

4. High-quality, stable performance, compact process layout, advanced

technology, and convenient maintenance.

Costing
• Here we are using the waste material and left over material that
are found in households of an individual such are waste food
,peels of fruits and other agricultural wate materials in order to
make the organic fertilizers so it is obvious that we don’t have to
bother too much for our raw materials as it can easily be covered
by using those waste materials.

• The first thing that is required to us is unskilled manpower

to collect those organic waste from households ,river side,
near around hotels and restaurants and many other similar
places and the estimated cost for those man-power would be
around 400-500 per day per labour.
• A pick up van to collect those waste and transport it to our
processing plant and that will cost us around 5000 per day.
• We will lease the land from the farmers in order to cut the
manufacturing cost so that we can provide it to the farmers
on a reasonable price and we will also provide some of the
profit margins to those farmers.
• And other major expenses will be cover from the fund that
we will be getting from the schemes launched by the
government.
 Production of organic fertilizer by earthworm

The production of organic fertilizer by earthworms, also known as

vermicomposting, is a natural and sustainable way to convert organic waste into
nutrient-rich compost. Here are the basic steps involved in producing organic
fertilizer by earthworms:

• Set up a vermicomposting system: To produce organic fertilizer by

earthworms, you will need to set up a vermicomposting system. This can
be as simple as a worm bin made from a plastic container or as complex as
a commercial-scale system. The system should be designed to provide
adequate moisture, temperature, and air circulation for the worms.
• Add bedding material: The bedding material provides a habitat for
the worms and helps to regulate moisture levels in the system. Common
bedding materials include shredded paper, cardboard, or leaves. Soak the
bedding material in water before adding it to the system.
• Add earthworms: Earthworms are the key component of the
vermicomposting system. Red worms, also known as red wigglers, are the
most commonly used species of earthworms for vermicomposting. Add the
earthworms to the bedding material and cover them with a layer of moist
soil or compost.
• Feed the earthworms: Earthworms feed on organic waste, such as
food scraps, yard waste, and other biodegradable materials. Chop or shred
the waste into small pieces and add it to the vermicomposting system.
Avoid adding meat, dairy, or oily foods to the system, as they can attract
pests and slow down the composting process.
• Harvest the compost: After several weeks or months, the earthworms
will have converted the organic waste into nutrient-rich compost. Harvest
the compost by removing the top layer of bedding material and scooping
 out the compost from the bottom of the bin. Use the compost as a natural
fertilizer for plants and gardens.

Vermicomposting is a natural and sustainable way to produce organic fertilizer.

By following these basic steps, you can create a thriving vermicomposting system
that turns organic waste into nutrient-rich compost.

Business model

Making organic fertilizer by earthworms, also known as vermicomposting, can

be a profitable business model. Here are some steps you can take to create a
successful vermicomposting business:

• Conduct market research: Before starting your business, you need to

understand the market demand for organic fertilizers in your area. Research
your competitors, potential customers, and market trends to determine the
viability of your business.
• Secure a location: You will need a space to house your earthworms and
compost. A small plot of land or a greenhouse can work well for this
purpose.
• Build or purchase a vermicomposting system: There are many
different types of vermicomposting systems available, from small-scale
home systems to large commercial systems. Consider the size of your
business and the amount of organic waste you plan to compost when
selecting a system.
• Source organic waste: To feed your earthworms, you will need a
steady supply of organic waste. This can include food scraps, yard waste,
and other biodegradable materials.
 • Breed earthworms: To start your vermicomposting business, you will
need a supply of earthworms. Purchase earthworms from a reputable
supplier or breed your own.
• Produce and sell organic fertilizer: Once your earthworms have
produced enough compost, harvest the fertilizer and package it for sale.
Consider selling your fertilizer at farmers' markets, garden centers, or
online.
• Expand your business: As your business grows, consider expanding
your product line to include other organic products such as compost tea or
soil amendments.

To be successful in the vermicomposting business, it's important to have a solid

business plan, a reliable source of organic waste, and a strong marketing strategy.
By providing high-quality organic fertilizer and excellent customer service, you
can build a loyal customer base and grow your business over time.
 Pricing of fertilizer by earthworm

The pricing and costing of organic fertilizer produced by earthworms can vary
depending on a number of factors, including the cost of materials, labor, and
overhead expenses. Here are some key factors to consider when pricing and
costing organic fertilizer produced by earthworms:

• Cost of materials: The cost of materials for producing organic fertilizer

by earthworms can include earthworms, bedding materials, organic waste,
and packaging materials. The cost of these materials will vary depending
on the size of your operation and the quality of the materials.
• Labor costs: Labor costs include the wages of any employees or
contractors involved in the production of organic fertilizer. This can
include tasks such as feeding the earthworms, harvesting the compost, and
packaging the fertilizer.
• Overhead expenses: Overhead expenses include the cost of utilities,
rent, insurance, and other expenses that are not directly related to the
production of organic fertilizer. These expenses can vary depending on the
size and location of your operation.
• Market demand: The price of organic fertilizer can also be influenced
by market demand. If there is a high demand for organic fertilizer in your
area, you may be able to charge a higher price for your product.

When determining the price of your organic fertilizer, it's important to factor in
all of these costs to ensure that you are making a profit. You may also want to
research the prices of similar products in your area to ensure that your pricing is
competitive.

As for costing, you will need to determine the cost of producing each unit of
organic fertilizer. This can be calculated by adding up the cost of materials, labor,
and overhead expenses, and then dividing that total by the number of units
produced. This will give you a good idea of how much it costs to produce each
unit of organic fertilizer, and can help you determine your pricing strategy.

Profit maximisation

Here are some general steps that can be followed to maximize profits from the
production and sale of organic fertilizer by earthworm:

• Research the market demand: Conduct market research to

understand the demand for organic fertilizers in your area. Determine the
target market, including the types of crops and gardens that the organic
fertilizer will be used for.
• Determine the production cost: Determine the cost of producing the
organic fertilizer by taking into account the cost of materials, labor, and
overhead expenses. Calculate the cost per unit of organic fertilizer
produced.
• Determine the selling price: Based on market research, set a
competitive price for the organic fertilizer that will attract customers while
also providing a reasonable profit margin. Consider factors such as
packaging, delivery, and discounts for bulk purchases.
• Optimize production efficiency: Look for ways to improve the
production process to increase efficiency and reduce costs. This could
include optimizing the size of the vermicomposting system, sourcing
materials at a lower cost, and streamlining the distribution process.
• Develop marketing strategies: Develop effective marketing
strategies to reach potential customers. This could include advertising in
local newspapers, participating in farmers markets or gardening events,
and developing a strong online presence.
 • Monitor and adjust strategies: Monitor the performance of the
business and adjust strategies as necessary. This could include adjusting
pricing, refining marketing strategies, or adjusting production methods.

By following these steps and continuously seeking ways to improve the business,
profits from the production and sale of organic fertilizer by earthworm can be
maximized. It's important to keep in mind that profitability is not just about
maximizing revenue, but also about managing costs and ensuring sustainable
growth over the long term.

Outcomes of fertilizer produced by earthworm

Here are some of the outcomes of fertilizers produced by earthworms:

• Nutrient-rich: Vermicompost is rich in nutrients such as nitrogen,

phosphorus, potassium, and other micronutrients that are essential for plant
growth.
• Increased water retention: Vermicompost has the ability to increase
water retention in soil, which can improve plant growth and reduce the
need for frequent watering.
• Improved soil structure: Vermicompost can improve soil structure by
increasing soil porosity and reducing soil compaction, which can lead to
better root growth and nutrient uptake by plants.
• Pest and disease resistance: Vermicompost can help plants become
more resistant to pests and diseases by improving their overall health and
vigor.
• Environmentally friendly: Vermicomposting is an environmentally
friendly method of waste management, as it can reduce the amount of
organic waste going to landfills and decrease greenhouse gas emissions.
Overall, fertilizers produced by earthworms can provide a natural, nutrient-rich
solution for improving plant growth and soil health. They offer several
advantages over synthetic fertilizers, including improved soil structure, increased
water retention, and reduced environmental impact.

Advertising method to farmer

1. Attend trade shows: Attend agricultural trade shows and events to
showcase your organic fertilizer and connect with potential customers.
You can offer samples, brochures, and information about your product.

2. Offer demonstrations: Offer on-site demonstrations of your organic

fertilizer, showing farmers how to use the product and the benefits it can
provide.

3. Create educational materials: Create educational materials such as

flyers, brochures, and videos that explain the benefits of organic fertilizers
and how they can improve crop yield and soil health.

4. Social media: Use social media platforms like Facebook and whatsapp
to promote your product and engage with potential customers. Share
information about your organic fertilizer, testimonials, and customer
success stories.

5. Collaborate with influencers: Collaborate with agricultural

influencers or bloggers who have a strong following within the farming
community. They can help spread the word about your product and
generate buzz.
 6. Advertise in agricultural publications: Advertise in agricultural
publications such as farming magazines, newsletters, and online forums.
These publications are read by farmers and can be an effective way to
reach your target audience.

7. Offer incentives: Offer discounts or special promotions to incentivize

farmers to try your organic fertilizer. This can be a great way to get them
to give your product a chance and see the benefits for themselves.

Remember, when advertising your organic fertilizer to farmers, it's important to

highlight the benefits and value that your product can provide. Emphasize how
your product can improve crop yield and soil health, while also being a
sustainable and environmentally friendly option. By effectively communicating
the benefits of your organic fertilizer, you can attract more farmers to your
product and build a loyal customer base.
 Conclusion

In conclusion, organic fertilizers are a natural alternative to synthetic fertilizers

that provide several benefits for plant growth and soil health. Organic fertilizers
are made from natural sources such as plant matter, animal waste, and other
organic materials that have been broken down through natural processes.

Organic fertilizers provide a slow-release of nutrients that are essential for plant
growth, without the risk of over-fertilizing or damaging plants. They also improve
soil structure and water retention, reduce soil erosion, and promote a healthy and
diverse ecosystem in the soil.

Moreover, the production and use of organic fertilizers have several

environmental benefits, including reducing greenhouse gas emissions and
reducing the amount of organic waste going to landfills.

While organic fertilizers may be more expensive and require more effort to
produce and apply compared to synthetic fertilizers, they offer several advantages
in terms of long-term plant and soil health, as well as environmental
sustainability.\

Overall, the use of organic fertilizers is an effective way to promote healthy plant
growth, while also supporting a sustainable and environmentally friendly
agricultural system.
 References
1. Google
2. Wikipedia
3. Organicindia.com
4. Themeforest
5. Times of India
6. Consciousfood.com
7. Nourishorganics.in