POGIL - Work, Power, and Kinetic Energy PDF
POGIL - Work, Power, and Kinetic Energy PDF
POGIL - Work, Power, and Kinetic Energy PDF
Purpose
To become familiar with work, power, and kinetic energy and the relationship between
each of them.
work done by a force = amount of force along direction of motion × distance moved.
W = Fd .
• if the force is along the direction of motion, the work done by the force is positive
• if the force is opposite the direction of motion, the work done by the force is
negative
• if the force is perpendicular to the direction of motion, the force does zero work.
If the force is in Newtons and the distance is in meters, then the unit of work is Joules
(abbreviated J).
Power is the rate at which work is done. We can define the average power as:
W
P= ,
t
If work is measured in Joules and the time is measured in seconds, then we can use the
unit Watts (abbreviated W) for power.
force #4:
2N
a. Calculate the amount of work done by each of the forces shown in the
diagram. Include the correct units
b. Calculate the power of each force shown in the diagram. Include the correct
units.
2. Now imagine a person dragging a 50 kg box along the ground with a rope, as shown
in the drawing below. The person exerts 50 N of force while moving the box 20 m in
10 s. Suppose also that friction is acting with 30 N of force between the box and the
ground.
a. Draw a force diagram of the box below. Don’t forget to label the forces.
b. Determine the amount of work done by each of the forces in the force diagram
in a.
KE = 12 mv 2 .
If the mass is in kilograms and the speed is in meters per second, then kinetic energy is
measured in Joules, the same as the unit of work.
4. Suppose a moving object has a kinetic energy of 100 J. What will the object’s kinetic
energy be if:
a. its speed is doubled?
=
Wtotal 1
2 mv 2final − 12 mvinitial
2
.
6. If a force does a negative amount of work on an object, does the object’s speed
increase, decrease, or remain the same? Justify your answer.
7. If a force does zero work on an object, does the object’s speed increase, decrease, or
remain the same? Justify your answer.
c. the speed of the box at the end of its 20 m trip if it started from rest.
10. Use the work-energy theorem to explain why, if you double the speed of a car, the
distance required to stop the car will be four times as much.
Conclusions
Write a paragraph in clear, complete sentences that addresses the following questions:
• If two people do the same amount of work on an object, does this mean they are
equally as powerful? Why or why not?
• In terms of work and kinetic energy:
o why does a force in the same direction as an object’s velocity increase the
object’s speed?
o why does a force in the direction opposite an object’s velocity decrease the
object’s speed?
o why does a force perpendicular to an object’s velocity change the
direction of the velocity but not its magnitude?
• Suppose you do work on an object from rest to a certain speed v. Why does it take
four times the amount of work to increase its speed from rest to a speed of 2v?