VALLIAMMAI ENGEINEERING COLLEGE

(S.R.M.NAGAR, KATTANKULATHUR-603 203)

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

QUESTION BANK

M. E – Computer Science Engineering

1918104 - APPLIED PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS

I SEMESTER
Regulation – 2019

Academic Year 2022- 2023

Prepared by
Ms.B.Vasuki Assistant Professor (Mathematics)
 VALLIAMMAI ENGNIEERING COLLEGE
SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur – 603203.

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

Year & Semester : I/I

Section : CSE
Subject Code : 1918104
Subject Name : APPLIED PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS
Degree & Branch : M.E – CSE
Staff in charge : Ms. B. VASUKI

UNIT- I ONE DIMENSIONAL RANDOM VARIABLES

Bloom’s
Q.No. Question Taxonomy Domain
Level
PART – A
1) A continuous random variable X has a pdf f(x) = 3x2, 0 ≤ x≤1, Find a and b
such that P(x ≤ a) = P(x > a) and P(x > b) = 0.05 BTL-2 Understanding
2) The first 4 moments about 3 are 1 and 8. Find the mean and variance
BTL-3 Applying
3) If the distribution function of a random variable X is given by F(x) =
 4 BTL-2 Understanding
1  2 , x  2 , 0 for x  2, find P(5  x  6)
 x
4) If a random variable X has MGF (t) = Find the mean of X BTL-2 Understanding
5) Find the mean and variance of the binomial distribution BTL-3 Applying
6) If X is a continuous RV with p.d.f. f(x) =2x ,0 <x< 1 , then find the pdf of
BTL-5 Evaluating
the RV Y = X3
7) If the probability mass function of a random variable X is given by p(X = r)
= kr3, where r = 1,2,3,4. Find the value of k and distribution function of X. BTL-2 Understanding

8) A continuous random variable X has a density function given by f(x) =

BTL-5 Evaluating
k(1+x) , 2<x<5. Find the value of k.
9) The first four moments of a distribution about 4 are 1 ,4,10 and 45
respectively. Show that the mean is 5 and variance is 3. BTL-6 Creating
10) Find the value of X ,then find the value of
BTL-3 Applying
K
11) The random variable X has a Binomial distribution with parameters n =20, p
=0.4 .Determine P (X = 3). BTL-3 Applying
12) If the probability is 0.05 that a certain kind of measuring device will show
excessive drift , what is the probability that the sixth measuring device BTL-3 Applying
tested will be the first to show excessive drift?

13)
If a RV has the probability density , find the
BTL-2 Understanding
probabilities that will take a value between 1 and 3.
14) A RV X has the p.d.f. . Find the CDF of X BTL-2 Understanding
15) If the RV X takes the values 1 ,2,3 and 4 such that 2P(X = 1)=3P(X =2) =P
(X =3) = 5 P (X =4) find the probability distribution . BTL-2 Understanding

16) If X is the poisson random variable such that p[X=1]=P[X=2] , Find E[x] BTL-2 Understanding
17) Show that the function is a probability density
BTL-6 Creating
function of a continuous random variable X.
18) Obtain the moment generating function of Geometric distribution. BTL-1 Remembering
19) Given that the p.d.f of a random variable X is f(x) = kx, 0 < x < 1 , find k

20) Find the Binomial distribution for which the mean is 4 and variance is 3. BTL-3 Applying
21) The mean of Binomial distribution is 20 and standard deviation is 4.
BTL-1 Remembering
Find the parameters of the distribution.
22) The probability that a candidate can pass in an examination is 0.6.
BTL-2 Understanding
What is the probability that he will pass in third trial?
23) A continuous random variable X has p.d.f .
BTL-6 Creating
Find .
24) The number of hardware failures of a computer system in a week of
operations has the following p.d.f, Calculate the value of K.
BTL-3 Applying
No. of failures 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Probability K 2K 2K K 3K K 4K
25) The number of hardware failures of a computer system in a week of
operations has the following p.d.f, Find the mean of the number of
failures in a week.
BTL-1 Remembering
No. of failures 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Probability .18 .28 .25 .18 .06 .04 .01
PART – B
1a) Buses arrive at a specific stop at 15 minutes intervals starting at 7a.m.If a
passenger arrives at a random time that is uniformly distributed between 7
and 7.30 am , find the probability that he waits 1) less than 5 minutes for a BTL-2 Understanding
bus and 2) atleast 12 minutes for a bus .

1b) Obtain the moment generating function of the Poisson distribution and
BTL-3 Applying
hence find its mean and variance.
2) A manufacturer of certain product knows that 5 % of his product is
defective .If he sells his product in boxes of 100 and guarantees hat not
more than 10 will be defective ,what is the approximate probability that a
BTL-3 Applying
box will fail to meet the guaranteed quality?
3a) A continuous random variable X has a probability density function f(x) =
kx2e-x, x > 0, find k, mean and variance BTL-1 Remembering
3b) In a company, 5% defective components are produced .What is the
probability that at least 5 components are to be examined in order to get 3 BTL-5 Evaluating
defectives?
4a) The diameter of an electric cable, say X is assumed to be a continuous
random variable with pdf f(x) = 6x (1-x) , 0 ≤ x ≤ 1. Check that f(x) is a pdf BTL-4 Analyzing
and determine a such that P(X < a) = P(X> a)
4b) Let the random variable X assumes the value r with the probability law
p(X = r) = p qr-1, r = 1,2,3…. Find the moment generation function of X BTL-1 Remembering
and hence its mean.
5a) The probability mass function of a discrete R. V X is given as
X 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
P(X) a 3a 5a 7a 9a 11a 13a 15a 17a BTL-2 Understanding
Find (i) the value of a , (ii) , (iii) Mean of X and (iv)
Variance of X.
5b) Find the MGF, mean, variance of Geometric distribution. BTL-1 Remembering
6a) If X is Uniformly distributed over ( 0 ,10), find the probability that
BTL-2 Understanding
(i) X < 2 (ii) X > 8 (iii) 3 <X <9?
6b) If the pdf of a random variable X is f(x) = 2x, 0 < x < 1. Find the pdf of Y
= e-x
BTL-5 Evaluating
7) A discrete RV X has the probability function given below
X : 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
P(x) : 0 a 2a 2a 3a a2 2 a2 7a2 + a BTL-2 Understanding
Find (i) Value of a (ii) p (X <6) , P ( X  6 ) , P ( 0 < X < 4 ) (iii)
Distribution function.
8) Find the MGF of Binomial distribution and hence find its mean and
variance BTL-3 Applying
9a) The p.d.f of a random variable X is given by f(x) = kx (2-x), 0 ≤ x≤ 1, Find
k, mean, variance and rth moment. BTL-2 Understanding
9b) 4 coins were tossed simultaneously. What is the probability of getting
(i) 2 heads, (ii) at least 2 heads, (iii) at most 2 heads. BTL-5 Evaluating

10a) A random variable X has a uniform distribution over (-3,3) compute

P(X<2), P([x]<2) , P([x-2]≤ 2).
BTL-5 Evaluating
10b) A random variable X has the following probability distribution
X -2 -1 0 1
P(X) 0.1 k 0.2 2k BTL-3 Applying
Find i) k ii) P(X<2) iii) P(-2 < X < 2) iv) P(X > 1).

11) State and Prove memoryless property of Exponential distribution. BTL-1 Remembering
12) Find the first three moments about the origin ,Mean, Variance for the data
X -2 -1 3 BTL-1 Remembering
P(X) 1/2 1/4 1/4
13a) An insurance company found that only 0.005% of the population is
involved in a certain type of accident each year. If its 2000 policy holders
were randomly selected from the population. What is the probability that BTL-2 Understanding
not more than two of its clients are involved in such an accident next year?
13b) Assume that 50% of all engineering students are good in
mathematics. Determine the probabilities that among 18 engineering
students BTL-4 Analyzing
1) (i) Exactly 10, (ii) at least 10 are good in mathematics
14 Find the Moment Generating function,,mean. variance for uniform
distribution
BTL-1 Remembering
15 Find the MGF of Exponential distribution and hence find its mean
BTL-3 Applying
and variance
16a) x
1 3
Let X be a random variable with pdf f(x) = e , x  0 Find the moment
3 BTL-2 Understanding
generating function of X and hence find its mean and variance.
16b) The atoms of a radioactive element are randomly disintegrating. If
every gram of this element, on average, emits 3.9 alpha particles per BTL-6 Creating
second, then what is the probability that during the next second the
 number of alpha particles emitted from 1 gram is (i) at most 6 (ii) at
least 2 and (iii) at least and
17a) Messages arrive at a switch board in a Poisson manner at an average
rate of 6 per hour. Find the probability that exactly 2 messages arrive
BTL-2 Understanding
within one hour, no messages arrives within one hour and at least 3
messages arrive within one hour.
17b) The probability mass function of a discrete R. V X is given in the
following table:
X -2 -1 0 1 2 3 BTL-1 Remembering
P(X=x) 0.1 k 0.2 2k 0.3 k
(i) Find the value of k, (ii) P(X<1), (iii) P(-1< X ≤ 2) ( iv) cdf
18a) The probability mass function of a RV X is given by
. Find (i) the value of k (ii) BTL-2 Understanding

18b) If the discrete random variable X has the probability function given
by the table.
x 1 2 3 4
BTL-1 Remembering
P(x) k/3 k/6 k/3 k/6
Find the value of k and Cumulative distribution of X.
PART – C
1)
Out of 2000 families with 4 children each , Find how many family
BTL-6 Creating
would you expect to have (i) at least 1 boy, (ii) 2 boys, (iii) 1 or 2
girls and iv) no girls
2)
If a random variable X has p.d.f
BTL-3 Applying
Find (i) , (ii) , (iii) .
3) State and Prove memoryless property of Geometric distribution BTL-1 Remembering
4) The probability distribution of an infinite discrete distribution is
given by P[ X = j ] = ( j = 1,2,3…) Find (i)Mean of X, (ii)P [X is BTL-1 Remembering
even], (iii) P(X is odd).
5 Derive the MGF, mean and variance of Gamma distribution BTL-1 Remembering
UNIT – II TWO DIMENSIONAL RANDOM VARIABLES
PART –A
1) Define Two dimensional Discrete random variables. BTL-2 Understanding
2) .
Define Two dimensional Continuous random variables. BTL-3 Applying
3) If the joint pdf of (X,Y) is f ( x, y)  6e 2 x  3 y , x  0, y  0, find the
BTL-2 Understanding
marginal density of X and conditional density of Y given X.
4) The joint pdf of (X,Y) is given by f ( x, y)  e ( x  y ) , 0  x, y  . Find BTL-3 Applying
the marginal density function of X.
5) .Given the joint density function of X and Y as
1 y
f ( x, y )  e ,0  x  2, y  0
2 find the distribution function of BTL-2 Understanding
 0, elsewhere
(X+Y).
6) The following table gives the joint probability distribution of X and Y.
Y
1 2 3
X
1 0.1 0.1 0.2
BTL-3 Applying
2 0.2 0.3 0.1

Find a) marginal density function of X. b) marginal density of Y.

7) The joint probability mass function of (X,Y) is given by
P(x,y) = K (2x+3y), x = 0, 1,2, y = 1,2,3.
Y
1 2 3
X
0 3K 6K 9K
BTL-2 Understanding
1 5K 8K 11K
2 7K 10K 13K

Find the marginal probability distribution of X

8) Find the value of k, if f ( x, y )  k (1  x)(1  y ), for 0< x, y<1, is to be a
BTL-3 Applying
joint density function.
9) 1
Let X be a random variable with pdf f ( x)  ,1  x  1, and let Y=X2.
2 BTL-4 Analyzing
Prove that correlationco-efficient between X and Y is zero.
10) When will the two regression lines be at right angles?
BTL-4 Analyzing
11) Find the mean values of the variables X and Y and correlation co- efficient
from the following regression equations BTL-4 Analyzing
2Y – X – 50 = 0; 3Y – 2X – 10 = 0
12) The correlation co-efficient between two random variables X and Y is r =
0.6. If  X  1.5,  Y  2, X 10 and Y  20 , find the BTL-2 Understanding
regression of (i) Y on X and (ii) X and Y.
13) The following results were worked out from scores in Maths (X) and
Statistics (Y) of students in an examination:
X Y
Mean 39.5 47.5 BTL-3 Applying
Standard deviation 10.8 17.8
arl Pearson’s correlation co-efficient = +0.42. Find both the regression lines.
Use these regressions and estimate the value of Y for X
14) The co-efficient of correlation between x and y is 0.48. Their covariance is
36. The variance of x is 16. Find the standard deviation of y. BTL-3 Applying

15) If x, y denote the deviations of the variates from the arithmetic means and if
r  0.5,  xy  120,  y  8,  x 2  90 , find n, the number BTL-3 Applying
of items.
16) Find the marginal density function of X and Y if f(x,y) = 8xy; 0 < x < 1,
0 < y < x. BTL-4 Analyzing
17) If the random variable X is uniformly distributed over (-1, 1), find the
 x  BTL-3 Applying
density function of Y  sin  
 2
18) The bivariate random variable X and has pdf f(x,y) = kxy, for 0 < x < 4,
1 < y < 5. Find k BTL-4 Analyzing
19) The two lines of regression are 8x – 10y +66 = 0, 40x – 18y – 214 =0, Find
the mean value of X and Y BTL-4 Analyzing
20) The two regression lines are 4x – 3y +33 = 0, 20x – 9 y = 107, var(x) = 25,
Find the mean of x and y.
BTL-2 Understanding
21) Write the condition for two random variables to be independent.
BTL-4 Analyzing
22) Find the probability distribution of X + Y from the bi-variate
distribution of (X,Y) given below:
X Y 1 2 BTL-2 Understanding
1 0.4 0.2
2 0.3 0.1
23) The joint pdf of a bivariate RV (X,Y) is given
4 xy 0  x  1, 0  y  1 BTL-3 Applying
by f ( x, y )   Find P(X+Y<1).
 0, otherwise
24) Consider the two – dimensional density function.
8
f ( x, y )  xy, 1  x  y 3,
9
BTL-2 Understanding
0 outside
Find the marginal density function of X.

25) If = 2 and r = 0.6 , Find the line of

BTL-1 Remembering
regression of X on Y.
PART – B
1) The two dimensional RV(X,Y) has the joint density
f ( x, y )  8 xy, 0  x  y  1
 0, otherwise
BTL-2 Understanding
(i) Find P( X  1 / 2  Y  1 / 4),
(ii) Find the marginal and conditional distributions, and
(iii) Are X and Y independent? Give reasons for your answer.
2) If the joint pdf of a two – dimensional RV (X,Y) is given by
f ( x, y )  K (6  x  y ); 0  x  2, 2  y  4
 0, elsewhere BTL-3 Applying
find (i) the value of K, (ii) P( X  1, Y  3) (iii)
P( X  Y  3) (iv) P( X  1 / Y  3)

3a) Determine the value of C that makes the function F( x , y) = C ( x + y) a

joint probability density function over the range 0 < x < 3 and x < y < x +
2. Also determine the following.
i) P (X < 1, Y< 2) BTL-4 Analyzing
ii) P (Y > 2)
iii) E[X]
3b) BTL-2 Understanding
If the joint pdf of a two dimensional RV ( X,Y) is given
 xy
f ( x, y)  x 2  ; 0  x  1, 0  y  2
3
 0, elsewhere
d (i) P(X > ½ ), (ii) P(Y<X) and (iii) P(Y< ½ / X < ½ ).
4a) If X and Y are two random variables having joint probability mass
function given by f(x,y) = (2x+y)/27, x = 0,1,2 and y = 0,1,2. Find the
BTL-4 Analyzing
marginal distribution function of X and Y.

4b) The joint distribution of X1 and X2 is given by

x x
f ( x1 , x2 )  1 2 , x1  1,2 and 3 ; x2 = 1 and 2. BTL-2 Understanding
21
Find the marginal distributions of X1 and X2.
5a) If the joint probability density function of (X,Y) is f(x,y) = x + y,
0 < x < 1, 0<y <1, find the probability function of U = XY BTL-4 Analyzing

5b) Three balls are drawn at random without replacement from a box
containing 2 white, 3 red and 4 black balls. If X denotes the number of
white balls drawn and X denotes the number of red balls drawn, find the BTL-3 Applying
joint probability distribution of (X, Y).

6a) The joint probability distribution function of two random variables X and
f ( x, y )  x  y 0  x  1, 0  y  1
Y is Find the correlation co- BTL-2 Understanding
 0, otherwise
efficient n x and y
6b) Let X1 and X2 be two independent RVs with means 5 and 10 and S.D’s 2
and 3 respectively. Obtain r UV BTL-3 Applying
rUV where U  3X1  4 X 2 and V  3 X 1  X 2.
7a) For the following data taken from 10 observations, find out the regression
equations of X on Y and Y on X: X=250, Y = 300, XY = 7900, X2 = BTL-3 Applying
6500 and Y2 = 10,000 Hence find r.
7b) Find the co-efficient of correlation and obtain the lines of regression
from the data given below;
x: 62 64 65 69 70 71 72 74 BTL-3 Applying
y : 126 125 139 145 165 152 180 208
8a) The joint distribution function of X and Y is given by
F(x,y) = (1-e-x) (1-e-y), x,y>0
i) Find the probability density function of X and Y.
ii) Find the marginal density function of X and Y BTL-3 Applying
iii) Are X and Y independent.
iv) Find P(1 < X < 3, 1< Y < 2).

8b) A two dimensional random variable (X,Y) have a bivariate distribution

given by P(X=x, Y = y) = x2 + y/32 BTL-2 Understanding
/3 for x = 0,1,2,3 and y = 0,1. Find the marginal distribution of X and Y.
9a) If X and Y are independent variates uniformly distributed in (0,1) find the
distribution of XY. BTL-1 Remembering
9b) Two random variable X and Y have the following joint probability
density function f(x,y) = {2-x-y, 0 ≤ x ≤ 1, 0 ≤ y ≤ 1,; 0 otherwise BTL-5 Evaluating
. Find the correlation coefficient of X and Y.
10a) If (X,Y) is a two – dimensional random variable uniformly distributed
BTL-3 Applying
 4
over the triangular region R bounded by y = 0, x = 3 and y = x, find
3
rXY .
10b) If the joint pdf of (X,Y) is given by p(x,y) = k (2x + 3y) , x = 0,1,2; y =
1,2,3. Find the marginal distributions of X and Y. BTL-3 Applying

11a) Show that the following function satisfies the properties of a joint
probability mass function
X : 1 1.5 1.5 2.5 3
Y : 1 2 3 4 5
Fxy(x,y) : ¼ 1/8 ¼ ¼ 1/8
Determine the following
i) P(X< 2.5, Y <3) BTL-4 Analyzing
ii) P(X < 2.5)
iii) P(Y < 3)
iv) P( X > 1.8, Y= 4.7)
v) E(X), E(Y), Var(X), Var(Y)
vi) Marginal probability distribution of the random variable X
vii) Conditional probability distribution of Y given that X = 1.58
11b) The joint density function of X and Y is
e ( x  y ), 0  x, y   BTL-4 Analyzing
f(x,y) =  Are X and Y independent.
0 otherwise
12a) In a partially destroyed laboratory data, only the equations giving the two
lines of regression of y on x and x on y are available and are respectively 7x BTL-6 Creating
– 16y + 9 =0, 5y – 4x -3 = 0, calculate the coefficient of correlation.
12b) If the probability of a two discrete random variable X and Y is given by
k ( x  2 y ), x  0,1,2and y  0,1,2
f(x,y) =  i) Find k BTL-5 Evaluating
0 otherwise
ii) Find the marginal distributions and conditional distribution of Y for X = x
13a) The joint probability density function of a two dimensional random
variable (X,Y) is given by
4 xye ( x  y ), x  0, y  0
2 2

f(x,y) =  Find the density function of U BTL-5 Evaluating

0 otherwise
= x2  y2
13b) 2
Find the marginal density function of X and Y if f(x,y) = (2 x  3 y ) ,
5 BTL-4 Analyzing
0  x  1, 0  y  1 .
14a) The joint density function of two random variables X and Y is given by
1
 (3 x  xy), 0  x  1, 0  y  2
2
f ( x, y )   3 Find P(X+Y>1) BTL-3 Applying
0 otherwise
14b) The two dimensional random variable (X, Y) has the joint
probability mass function x = 0, 1, 2; y = 0, 1, 2.
BTL-3 Applying
Find the conditional distribution of Y given X = 1 also find the
conditional distribution of X given Y = 1.
15) Find the Coefficient of Correlation between industrial production and
export using the following table :
BTL-4 Analyzing
Production (X) 14 17 23 21 25
Export (Y) 10 12 15 20 23
16) The joint pdf of a two dimensional random variable (X, Y) is

BTL-3 Applying
Compute (i) (ii) (iii)
.
17) From the following table for bi-variate distribution of (X, Y). Find
(i) (ii) (iii)

(iv) (v)
(vi)
Y
1 2 3 4 5 6
X BTL-3 Applying

0 0 0

2 0
18) If f(x, y) = 6  x  y , 0  x  2, , 2  y  4 for a bi-variate R.V (X, Y).
8 BTL-4 Analyzing
Find the correlation coefficient
PART –C
1) The joint probability distribution of X and Y is given by the following
table.

X\ Y 1 3 9
2 1/8 1/24 1/12
BTL-4 Analyzing
4 1/4 1/4 0
6 1/8 1/24 1/12
(i) Find the probability distribution of Y
(ii) Find the conditional distribution of Y given X =2
(iii) X andY independent?
2) If the joint distribution function of X and Y is given by
F(x,y) = { (1 – e-x)(1 – e –y) for x>0, y >0
0 otherwise
(i) Find the marginal densities of X and Y BTL-2 Understanding
(ii) X and Y are independent
(iii) P(1 < X < 3, 1 < Y < 2)
3) Calculate the Karl Pearson’s coefficient of correlation.

Price : 10 11 13 15 18 BTL-3 Applying

Demand : 60 52 48 40 30

4) If X and Y each follow an exponential distribution with parameter 1 and are

independent, find the pdf of U = X - Y BTL-3 Applying
5) From the following data , Find (i)The two regression equations (ii)
The coefficient of correlation between the marks in Mathematics and
Statistics (iii) The most likely marks in Statistics when marks in
BTL-3 Applying
Mathematics are 30
Marks in Maths : 25 28 35 32 31 36 29 38 34 32
Marks in Statistics: 43 46 49 41 36 32 31 30 33 39
 UNIT – III ESTIMATION THEORY

PART –A
1) Define estimator. BTL-1 Remembering
2) Distinguish between point estimation and interval estimation. BTL-1 Remembering
3) Mention the properties of a good estimator. BTL-1 Remembering
4) Define confidence coefficient. BTL-1 Remembering
5) Define estimate BTL-2 Understanding
6) Define confidence limits for a parameter. BTL-1 Remembering
7) Define estimation BTL-1 Remembering
8) Explain how do you calculate 95% confidence interval for the average
of the population? BTL-3 Applying
9) Write the normal equations for fitting a straight line by the method of
least squares. BTL-2 Understanding
10) An automobile repair shop has taken a random sample of 40 services
that the average service time on an automobile is 130 minutes with
a standard deviation of 26 minutes. Compute the standard error of the BTL-4 Analyzing
mean.

11) Two variables X and Y have the regression lines 3X + 2Y - 26 = 0, 6X

+ Y - 31 = 0, Find the mean value of X and Y. BTL-4 Analyzing

12) State any two properties of regression lines. BTL-4 Analyzing

13) Define unbiasedness of a good estimator. BTL-1 Remembering
14) Let the lines of regression concerning two variables x and y be given
by y = 32 – x and x = 13 – 0.25y. Obtain the values of the means. BTL-2 Understanding

15) What are the merits and demerits of the least square method. BTL-1 Remembering
16) Find the maximum likelihood estimates for the population mean when
the population variance is known for random sampling from a normal BTL-6 Creating
population.
17) What is meant by maximum likelihood estimator ? BTL-1 Remembering
18) Give the normal equations to fit the parabola y = a + bx + cx2 BTL-2 Understanding
19) Can Y = 5 +2.8x and X = 3 – 0.5 y be the estimated regression
equations of y on x and x on y respectively ? Explain. BTL-4 Analyzing
20) Obtain the maximum likelihood estimator of
BTL-3 Applying
f ( x, )  (1   ) x ,0  x  1 based on a random sample of size x.
21) What is the level of significance in testing of hypothesis? BTL-4 Analyzing
22) State the conditions under which a binomial distribution becomes a
normal distribution BTL-4 Analyzing
23) Define point estimate BTL-2 Understanding
24) Define interval estimate BTL-2 Understanding
25) Write the characteristics of a good estimator BTL-2 Understanding
PART –B
1) Fit a straight line y = a + bx to the following data, using principle of
least squares x : 1 2 3 4 6 8 BTL-2 Understanding
y : 2.4 3 3.6 4 5 6
2) Find the most likely price in Bombay corresponding to the price of Rs.
70 at Calculate Correlation coefficient between the prices of
commodities in the two cities is 0.8.from the following :
Calcutta Bombay BTL-5 Evaluating
Average Price 65 67
Standard deviation 2.5 3.5

3) Fit a straight line y = ax +c to the following data.

X 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 BTL-3 Applying
y 10 15 20 27 31 35 30 35 40
4) Find the regression line of Y on X for the data
x 1 4 2 3 5 BTL-2 Understanding
y 3 1 2 5 4
5) Fit a parabola of second degree to the following data.
X: 0 1 2 3 4 BTL-3 Applying
Y : 1 5 10 22 38
6) In random sampling from normal population N( , 2), find the
maximum likelihood estimator for  when 2 is known.
BTL-1 Remembering
7) The random variable X takes the value 1 and 0 with respective
probabilities  and 1 - . If x1, x2. … xn of X are independent
observations , T = X1+ X2+ …..Xn then show that T(n-T) /n(n-1) is an BTL-1 Remembering
unbiased estimator of ( -1).

8) Let x1,x2…..xn denote a random sample from the distribution with

pdf
f(x,) = x-1, 0<x<1, >0
0 Elsewhere
prove that the product u1(x1,x2,….xn) = x1,x2…xn is a sufficient
estimator for . BTL-4 Analyzing
i) Let x1,x2,….xn be a random sample from uniform population on
[0,]. Find a sufficient estimator for .
ii) Show that for a rectangular population f(x,) = 1/, 0 < x < 
0 elsewhere
Find the maximum likelihood estimator for .
9) For a random sampling from a normal population find the maximum
likelihood estimators for
i) The population mean, when the population variance is known.
ii) The population variance, when the population mean is known.
BTL-1 Remembering
iii) The simultaneous estimation of both the population mean and
variance.
10) Obtain the lines of regression
X 150 152 155 157 160 161 164 166
BTL-2 Understanding
Y 154 156 158 159 160 162 161 164

11) The price of a commodity during 93-98 are given below. Fit a
parabola y = a +bx +cx2 to these data. Calculate the trend values,
estimate the period of the commodity for the year 1999. BTL-4 Analyzing
x 1993 1994 1995 1996
y 100 107 128 140
12) The following data relate to the marks of 10 students in the internal
test and the university examination for the maximum of 50 in
each.
Internal Marks : 25 28 30 32 35 36 38 39 42
BTL-1 Remembering
45
UniversityMarks : 20 26 29 30 25 18 26 35 35
 46
a) Obtain the equations of the lines of regression
b) The most likely internal mark for the university mark of 25
c) The most likely university mark for the internal mark of 30.
13) Find the maximum likelihood estimate for the parameter  of a
poisson distribution on the basis of a sample of size n. Also find its
variance. Show that the sample mean x is sufficient for estimating the
BTL-1 Remembering
parameter  of the poisson distribution.
14) Fit a straight line y = a + bx for the following data by the principle of
least squares.
X: 0 1 2 3 4 BTL-4 Analyzing
Y : 1 1.8 3.3 4.5 6.3
Also find the value of y when x = 1.5
15a) A random sample (X1,X2,X3,X4,X5) of size 5 is drawn from a
population with unknown mean  .
Consider the following estimators to estimate  .
( x1  x2  x3  x4  x5 ) ( x  x2 ) (2 x1  x2  x3 )
t1  , t2  1 X 3 and t 3  where 
BTL-1 Remembering
5 2 3
is such that t3 is an unbiased estimator of  . Find .Are t1 and t2
unbiased ? State giving reason, the estimator which is best among
t1,t2,and t3.
15b) Let X1,X2,….Xn be a random sample of size n from a normal
distribution with known variance. Obtain the maximum likelihood BTL-3 Applying
estimator of  .
16a) Let X1,X2….Xn be a random sample size n from the Poisson
x e 
distribution f ( x /  )  where 0     . Obtain the BTL-5 Evaluating
x!
maximum likelihood estimator of 
16b) For the double poisson distribution P(X = x) =
m
1 e  m1 m x 1 1 e 2 x
 , x  0,1,2... Show that the estimates for m1
2 x! 2 x! BTL-3 Applying
'
and m2 by the method of moments are 1   2 '  1 '  1 ' 2

17a) The following are the measurements of the air velocity and
evaporation coeffiecient of burning fuel droplets in an impulse engine

Air Velocity (cm/s) :20 60 100 140 180 220 260 300 340 380

Evaporation Coeff : 0.18 0.37 0.35 0.78 0.56 0.75 1.18 1.36 BTL-4 Analyzing
1.17 1.65
Fit a straight line to these data by the method of least squares, and use
it to estimate the evaporation coefficient of a droplet when the air
velocity is 190 cm/s.

17b) Fit an equation of the form y = abx to the following data

x 2 3 4 5 6
BTL-3 Applying
y 144 172.8 207.4 248.8 298.5

18) Obtain the equation of regression lines y = ax + b from the following

data, using the method of least squares.
X 0 1 2 3 4 BTL-3 Applying
y 1 1.8 3.3 4.5 6.3
 PART –C
1) Prove that the ML estimator of the parameter α of the population
having pdf f(x,α) = 2/α2 (α – x). 0 < x < α for the sample of unit size is
BTL-1 Remembering
2x, x being the sample value. Show also that the estimator is not
unbiased.
2) Fit a straight line trend of the form y = a + bx to the data given below
by the method of least squares and predict the value of y when x = 70
x 71 68 73 69 67 65 66 67
BTL-3 Applying
y 69 72 70 70 68 67 68 64
3) Fit the model y = axb to the following data.
X 1 2 3 4 5 6 BTL-3 Applying
y 2.98 4.26 5.21 6.10 6.80 7.50
4) If the two variables x and y have the regression lines 3x + 2y = 26 and
6x + y = 31. Find i) Find the mean value of x and y ii) BTL-5 Evaluating
Find the correlation coefficient of x and y.
5) Fit a straight line for the following data by the method of least squares
x 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 BTL-5 Evaluating
y 672 824 968 1205 1464 1758 2058
UNIT – IV TESTING OF HYPOTHESIS
PART –A
1) What is the essential difference between confidence limits and tolerance
limits?
BTL-1 Remembering
2) Define Null hypothesis. BTL-1 Remembering
3) Define level of significance BTL-1 Remembering
4) Define Type-I error and Type-II error? BTL-1 Remembering
5) Define student’s t-test for difference of means of two samples. BTL-1 Remembering
6) Write down the formula of test statistic‘z’ to test the significance of
BTL-2 Understanding
difference between proportions
7) Write the application of t-test BTL-3 Applying
8) Define Alternative hypothesis. BTL-3 Applying
9) State the important properties of ‘t’ distribution. BTL-1 Remembering
10) Write the application of Chi-Square-test. BTL-1 Remembering
11) A standard sample of 200 tins of coconut oil gave an average weight
of 4.95 kg with a standard deviation of 0.21 kg. Do we accept that the BTL-4 Analyzing
net weight is 5 kg per tin at 5% level of significance.
12) Write the application of ‘F’ test BTL-3 Applying
13) Define a ‘F’ variate BTL-1 Remembering
14) In a large city A, 20 percent of a random sample of 900 school boys had a
slight physical defect. In another large city B, 18.5 percent of a random
sample of 1600 school boys had some defect. Is the difference between the BTL-3 Applying
proportions significant?
15) A sample of size 13 gave an estimated population variance of 3.0 while
another sample of size15 gave an estimate of 2.5. Could both samples be BTL-3 Applying
from populations with the same variance?
16) Give the main use of chi-square test. BTL-1 Remembering
17) What are the properties of “F” test. BTL-1 Remembering
18) Write the procedure for testing a statistical hypothesis BTL-2 Understanding
19) Write the standard error of any four sampling distribution BTL-2 Understanding
20) What is the difference between small sample and large sample. BTL-2 Understanding
21) What are the expected frequencies of 2x2 contingency table? BTL-1 Remembering
 a b
c d
22) What is the assumption of t-test? BTL-2 Understanding
23) What are the parameters and statistics in sampling BTL-2 Understanding
24) Write the formula for test statistic for a single propotion BTL-1 Remembering
25) Twenty people were attacked by a disease and only 18 were survived.
The hypothesis is set in such a way that the survival rate is 85% if
attacked by this disease. Will you reject the hypothesis that it is more BTL-3 Applying
at 5% level? ( ).
PART – B
1a)
A sample of 900 members has a mean 3.4 c.m and standard deviation 2.61
BTL-2 Understanding
c.m. Is the sample from a large population of mean 3.25 c.ms and standard
deviation of 2.61c.ms?(Test at 5% L.O.S)
1b) Before an increase in excise duty on tea, 800 persons out of a sample of
1000 persons were found to be tea drinkers. After an increase in duty, 800
people were tea drinkers in a sample of 1200 people. Using standard BTL-2 Understanding
error of proportion, State whether there is a significant decrease in the
consumption of tea after the increase in excise duty.
2a) A manufacturer claimed that at least 95% of the equipment which he
supplied to a factory conformed to specifications. An examination of a
BTL-3 Applying
sample of 200 pieces of equipment revealed that 18 were faulty. Test his
claim at 5% level of significance
2b) A machine produces 16 imperfect articles in a sample of 500. After machine
is overhauled, it produces 3 imperfect articles in a batch of 100. Has the BTL-2 Understanding
machine been improved?
3a) In a big city 325 men out of 600 men were found to be smokers. Does this
information support the conclusion that the majority of men in this city are BTL-5 Evaluating
smokers?
3b) Examine whether the difference in the variability in yields is significant at
5% LOS, for the following.

Set of 40 Plots Set of 60 Plots BTL-3 Applying

Mean yield per Plot 1258 1243

S.D. per Plot 34 28
4a) The means of 2 large samples 1000 and 2000 members are 67.5 inches and
68.0 inchesrespectively. Can the samples be regarded as drawn from the BTL-3 Applying
same population of standard deviation 2.5 inches?
4b) Two independent samples of sizes 8 and 7 contained the
following values.
Sample I 19 17 15 21 16 18 16 14 BTL-4 Analyzing
Sample II 15 14 15 19 15 18 16
Test if the two populations have the same mean.
5a) Samples of two types of electric bulbs were tested for length of life and
following data wereobtained.
Type I Type II
Sample Size 8 7
Sample Mean 1234hrs 1036hrs BTL-3 Applying
Sample S.D 36hrs 40hrs
Is the difference in the means sufficient to warrant that type I is superior to
type II regarding the length of life?
5b) Two independent samples of 8 and 7 items respectively had the following
Values of the variable (weight in kgs.)
Sample I : 9 11 13 11 15 9 12 14
Sample II: 10 12 10 14 9 8 10
BTL-3 Applying
Use 0.05 level of significance to test whether it is reasonable to assume
that thevariances of the two population’s sample are equal.
6) A group of 10 rats fed on diet A and another group of 8 rats fed on diet B,
Recorded the following increase the following increase in weight.(gms)
Diet A : 5 6 8 1 12 4 3 9 6 10 BTL-2 Understanding
Diet B : 2 3 6 8 10 1 2 8 - -
Does it show superiority of diet A over diet B ? (Use F-test)

7) The marks obtained by a group of 9 regular course students and another

group of 11 part time course students in a test are given below :
Regular : 56 62 63 54 60 51 67 69 58
Part-time: 62 70 71 62 60 56 75 64 72 68 66 BTL-3 Applying
Examine whether the marks obtained by regular students and part-time
students differ significantly at 5% and 1% levels of significance.
8) Two independent samples of size 8 and 7 contained the following values
Sample 1 : 29 18 11 21 14 12 14 14
Sample 2 : 11 14 15 19 13 10 12 BTL-4 Analyzing
Test if the two populations have the same variance.
9a) The average income of a person was Rs. 210 with S.D of Rs. 10 in a
sample 100 people of a city. For another sample of 150 persons the
average income was Rs. 220 with S.D of Rs. 12. Test whether there is BTL-2 Understanding
any significant difference between the average income of the localities?
9b) Two random samples gave the following results:
Sample Size Sample mean Sum of squares of
deviation from the mean
1 10 15 90 BTL-2 Understanding
2 12 14 108
Test whether the samples have come from the same normal population.
10) Records taken of the number of male and female births in 800 families
having four children are as follows :
Number of male births : 0 1 2 3 4
Number of female births : 4 3 2 1 0
Number of Families : 32 178 290 236 64 BTL-4 Analyzing
Test whether the data are consistent with the hypothesis that the
binomial law holds and that the chance
of a male birth is equal to that of female birth, namely p = ½ = q.
11) Given the following table for hair colour and eye colour, find the value of
Chi-square. Is there good association between hair colour and eye colour?
Hair colour
Fair Brown Black Total
Blue 15 5 20 40 BTL-4 Analyzing
Eye Grey 20 10 20 50
colour Brown 25 15 20 60
Total 60 30 60 150

12a) Out of 800 graduates in a town 800 are females, out of 1600 graduate
employees 120 are females. Use chi square to determine if any distinction is
made in appointment on the basis of sex. Value of chi square at 5% level for BTL-2 Understanding
1 d.f is 3.84
12b) The nicotine content in milligram of two samples of tobacco where
found to be as follows, test the significant difference between means
of the two samples. BTL-4 Analyzing
Sample I 21 24 25 26 27 -
Sample II 22 27 28 30 31 36
13) The following data gives the number of aircraft accidents that occurred
during the various days of a week. Find whether the accidents are uniformly
distributed over the week.
Days Sun Mon Tues Wed Thu Fri Sat BTL-2 Understanding
No. of 14 16 08 12 11 9 14
accidents
14) Two researchers A and B adopted different techniques while rating the
students level. Can you say that the techniques adopted by them are
significant at 5% level?

Researchers Below average Average Above average Genius Total

BTL-5 Evaluating
A 40 33 25 2 100

B 86 60 44 10 200

Total 126 93 69 12 300

15a) From the following two sample values, find out whether they have come
from the same population at 5% level.

Sample I : 17 27 18 25 27 29 27 23 17 BTL-3 Applying

Sample II : 16 16 20 16 20 17 15 21

15b) 5 coins were tossed 320 times. The number of heads observed is
given below:
No. of heads : 0 1 2 3 4 5 BTL-3 Applying
Observed frequencies : 15 45 85 95 60 20
Examine whether the coin is unbiased .Use 5% level of significance
16a) It is desired to determine whether there is less variability in the silver
plating done by Company I than that done by Company 2. If independent
random samples of size 1 of the two companies work yield s1 = 0.035 mil
BTL-5 Evaluating
and s2 = 0.062 mil, test the null hypothesis  1   2 against the alternative
2 2

hypothesis  1   2 at the 0.05 level of significance.

2 2
16b) The Lapping process which is used to grind certain silicon wafers to the
proper thickness is acceptable only if  , the population standard deviation
of the thickness of dice cut from the wafers, is atmost 0.50 mil. Use 0.05
level of significance to test the null hypothesis  = 0.50 against the BTL-3 Applying
alternative hypothesis  >0.50, if the thickness of 15 dice cut from such
wafers have a standard deviation of 0.64 mil.
.
17a) Given a sample mean of 83, a sample standard deviation of 12.5 and
a sample size of 22, test the hypothesis that the value of the
BTL-6 Creating
population mean is 70 against the alternative that it is more than 70.
Use the 0.05 significance level.
17b) A sample of 200 persons with a particular disease was selected. Out
of these, 100 were given a drug and the others were not given any
drug. The result are as follows:
Number of persons No
Drug Total
drug BTL-6 Creating
Cured 65 55 120
Not cured 35 45 80
Total 100 100 200
Test whether the drug is effective or not?.
18) To determine whether there really is a relationship between an employee’s
performance in the company’s training program and his or her ultimate
success in the job, the company takes a sample of 400 cases from its very
extensive files and obtains the results shown in the following table :
Performances in the training Program

Below Average Average Above Average Total

Poor 23 60 29 112 BTL-3 Applying

Average 28 79 60 167

Very good 9 49 63 121

Total 60 188 152 400

Using the 0.01 level of significance to test the null hypothesis that
performance in the training program and success in the job are independent
PART C
1) The means of two random samples of size 9 and 7 are 196.42 and 198.92
respectively. The sum of the squares of the deviation from the mean are
26.94 and 18.73 respectively. Can the sample be considered to have been
BTL-2 Understanding
drawn from the same normal population.
2) Two horses A and B were tested according to the time ( in seconds) to run a
particular track with the following results.
Horse 28 30 32 33 33 29 34
A
Horse 29 30 30 24 27 27 - BTL-4 Analyzing
B

Test whether you can discriminate between two horses. You can use the
fact that 5 % value of t for 11 degrees of freedom is 2.2
3) An ample analysis of examination results of 500 students was made. It was
found that 220 students had failed. 170 had secured a third class, 90 were
placed in second class and 20 got first class. Do these figures commensurate
BTL-6 Creating
with the general examination result which is in the ration
 4 : 3:2:1 for the various categories respectively.

4) Random samples of 400 men and 600 women were asked whether they
would like to have a flyover near their residence. 200 men and 325 women
were in favour of the proposal. Test the hypothesis that proportions of men
BTL-3 Applying
and women in favour of the proposal are same at 5 % level.
5) The theory predicts that the population of beans in the four groups A,
B, C and D should be 9:3:3:1. In an experiment among 1600 beans,
the number in the four groups was 882,313,287 and 118. Do the
experimental results support the survey?
UNIT – V MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS
PART A
1) Define random vector. BTL-1 Remembering
2) Define covariance matrix BTL-1 Remembering
3) State the properties of multivariate normal density. BTL-1 Remembering
4) Define Principal component analysis. BTL-1 Remembering
5) Define total population variance. BTL-1 Remembering
6) State the general objectives of principal components analysis. BTL-3 Applying
7) Define the expected value of a random matrix. BTL-1 Remembering
8) 4 1 2   2 0 0
   
If    1 9  3  and V   0 3 0  find 
1/ 2
BTL-3 Applying
 2  3 25   0 0 5
   
9) 4 1 2 
 
If    1 9  3  Find the standard deviation matrix V1/2 BTL-4 Analyzing
 2  3 25 
 
10)  42 4 
  
If X =  52 5  Find x . BTL-4 Analyzing
 48 4 
 
11) Define second principle component. BTL-1 Remembering
12) If X1 and X2 are two uncorrelated random variables, then what is the
correlation coefficient matrix.
BTL-2 Understanding
13) Define multivariate analysis. BTL-1 Remembering
14) State random matrices. BTL-1 Remembering
15) Establish the condition density of bivariate normal distribution. BTL-4 Analyzing
16) Explain correlation of variables and components. BTL-4 Analyzing
17) Enumerate rescaling the principal components. BTL-5 Evaluating
18) Define first principal component. BTL-1 Remembering
19) What is the formula to compute the population variance due to kth principal
BTL-2 Understanding
component.
20) Explain the principal components obtained from standardized variables. BTL-2 Understanding
21) Define correlation coefficient in terms of variance and covariance BTL-2 Understanding
22) Write the matrix notation for principal component from standardized
BTL-4 Analyzing
variables
23) Write any one theorem about principal component. BTL-1 Remembering
24) Write any two properties of multivariate normal distribution. BTL-5 Evaluating
25) Write the multivariate normal density function. BTL-1 Remembering
PART – B
1) Compute the covariance matrix with the following data.
0 1 P1(x1)
X1 X2
-1 0.24 0.06 0.3
BTL-2 Understanding
0 0.16 0.14 0.3
1 0.40 0 0.4
2) Explain partitioning the covariance matrix. BTL-1 Remembering
3) Explain the mean vector and covariance matrix for linear combination of
BTL-1 Remembering
random variables
4) Discuss Bivariate normal density. BTL-1 Remembering
5) Prove that the correlation coefficient between the components are the eigen
values – eigen vector pairs for sigma. BTL-4 Analyzing

6) Consider the random vector X’ = {X1,X2} The discrete random variable

X1 have the following probability function :
X1 : -1 0 1
P1(X1): 0.3 0.3 0.4 and X2 have the following BTL-3 Applying
probability function
X2 : 0 1
P1(X1): 0.8 0.2
7) Let the random variables X1, X2 and X3 have the covariance matrix
 1  2 0
 
    2 5 0 Determine the principal components of Y1,Y2, 3 BTL-5 Evaluating
 0 0 2 

8)  4 1 0
 
Let X3x1 be N3(,  ) with    1 3 0  Are X1, X2 independent?
 0 0 2 BTL-2 Understanding
 
What about (X1, X2) and X3.
9) Discuss principal components from standardized variables. BTL-1 Remembering
10) Explain principal component population. BTL-1 Remembering
11) Let X be distributed as
 4 0  1
 
N 3 (  , ) where  '  (1,1,2)and    0 5 0  which of the
 1 0 2 
  BTL-5 Evaluating
following random variables are independent ? Explain
i) X1 and X2
ii) X1 and X3
iii) X2 and X3
iv)(X1, X3) and X2
12) 1 4 
For the covariance matrix     the derived correlation matrix P
 4 100 
 1 0.4  BTL-3 Applying
=   , Show that the principal components obtained from
 0 .4 1 
covariance and correlation matrices are different.
13) Prove that If  is positive definite so that  -1 exists the  e =
1
e  1 e   e so (  , e) is an eigen value – eigen vector pair for
  BTL-3 Applying
1 1 1
 corresponding to the pair ( , e) for  , also  is positive definite.


14) Prove that the distribution of two linear combination of the components of a
random vector.
BTL-4 Analyzing
15) Compute the principal components to the following matrix
 8 6 2 
  BTL-3 Applying
A    6 7  4
 2 4 3 
 
16) Compute the principal components to the following matrix
5 0 3 
  BTL-3 Applying
A  4 2 5 
 2  2  2
 
17) Compute the principal component to the variance covariance matrix
1 4  BTL-3 Applying
   
 4 100 
18)  25  2 4 
 
If     2 4 1  then find (i) V1/2 and  ( ii) Show that V1/ V1/2 = 
BTL-3 Applying
 4 1 9 


PART C
1) Compute the principal components to the following 3 x 3 variance
covariance matrix for n = 20.
 2.8889 9.8968  1.8120 
  BTL-3 Applying
A   9.8968 201.0183  5.65553 
  1.8210  5.6553 3.6276 

2) Prove that all the subsets of X are normally distributed BTL-3 Applying
3) Explain the distribution of a subset of a normal random vector BTL-1 Remembering
4) Explain the conditional density of bivariate normal distribution BTL-1 Remembering
5) Explain Multivariate Analysis BTL-4 Analyzing

*********************