AIR UNIVERSITY

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING

EXPERIMENT NO: 06

Lab Title: Effect of poles and zeros on-time response

Student Name: Muhammad Awais Badar Reg. No: 190469.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of the pole and zero location upon the time response of
first- and second order system
LAB ASSESSMENT:

Excellent Good Average Satisfactory Unsatisfactory

Attributes (5) (4) (3) (2) (1)
Ability to Conduct
Experiment
Ability to assimilate the
results
Effective use of lab
equipment and follows
the lab safety rules

Total Marks: Obtained Marks:

LAB REPORT ASSESSMENT:

Excellent Good Average Satisfactory Unsatisfactory

Attributes
(5) (4) (3) (2) (1)

Data presentation

Experimental results

Conclusion

Total Marks: Obtained Marks:

Date: Signature:

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 Checklist:

Sr List Status Remarks of Instructor

no
.
1 Lab # ✓

2 Lab title ✓

3 Objectives ✓

4 Minimum Software required ✓

5 Tasks statement and given ✓

values.
6 Code heading and code ✓

7 Output heading and pasted ✓

output
8 A brief discussion of ✓
every task(within two or
three lines)
9 Conclusion ✓

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 Lab # 06
Lab title: Effect of poles and zeros on-time response

Objectives:
To evaluate the effect of pole and zero location upon the time response of first- and second-order
systems.

Minimum required software:

MATLAB, the Symbolic Math Toolbox and Control System Toolbox.

Task 01:
1. Set up the Given transfer function

For a: 1, 2, 3, 4 and plot the step response of each of the four transfer functions on a single
graph by using the Simulink LTI Viewer. Also, record the values of settling time and rise time
for each step response.

Output:

Scope:

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LTI viewer:

Characteristics:
For a = 1;
Rise Time = 2.2s
Settling time = 3.91s
For a = 2;
Rise Time = 0.732s
Settling time = 1.3s
For a = 3;
Rise Time = 1.1s
Settling time = 1.96s
For a = 4;
Rise Time = 0.549s
Settling time = 0.978s

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Discussion:
In this errand, to begin with, arrange frameworks are plotted with shifting values of shafts. I took
note that, as the shafts are getting distant absent from the beginning the rise time & settling time
of the flag diminishes which appears that the framework is accomplishing its top esteem
promptly and getting steady.

Task 02:
2. Using Simulink, set up the system bellow

For a=4, b=25.

• For a and b so that the imaginary part of the poles remains the same but the real part is
increased two times.
• For a and b so that the imaginary part of the poles remains the same but the real part is
decreased 1/2 times.
• a and b so that the real part of the poles remains the same but the imaginary part is
increased two times.
• a and b so that the real part of the poles remains the same but the imaginary part is
increased four times
Using the Simulink LTI Viewer, plot the step response of each of the transfer functions on
a single graph. Also, record the values of percent overshoot, settling time, peak time, and rise
time for each step response.

Code (a):
Clc
clear all
close all
num = [25];
den = [1 4
25]; a =
tf(num,den)
r=
roots(den)
real =
real(r)*2;
p = [-4.0000+4.5826i -4.0000-4.5826i]
s = poly(p);
tf(num,s)

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Output (a):

Scope (a):

LTI viewer (a):

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Characteristics (a):
Original response:
Rise Time = 0.293s
Settling time = 1.68s
Peak Amplitude = 1.25
Overshoot (%) = 25.4
Changed response:

Rise Time = 0.33s

Settling time = 0.988s
Peak Amplitude = 0.719
Overshoot (%) = 6.44

Discussion:
In this task, a moment arrange framework is given and we multiplied the genuine portion of
shafts and taken note that reaction comes to the top sufficiency with a few delays and the
overshoot is additionally diminished and framework took time in getting steady.

(b): clc clear

all close all
num = [25];
den = [1 4 25];
a=
tf(num,den) r =
roots(den)
real = real(r)/2;
p = [-1.0000+4.5826i -1.0000-4.5826i]

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s = poly(p);
tf(num,s)

Output (b):

Scope (b):

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LTI viewer (b):

Characteristics (b):
Original response:
Rise Time = 0.293s
Settling time = 1.68s
Peak Amplitude = 1.25
Overshoot (%) = 25.4 Changed
response:
Rise Time = 0.261s
Settling time = 3.64s
Peak Amplitude = 1.71
Overshoot (%) = 50.4

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Discussion:
In this task, a second-order system is given and we halved the real part of poles and noticed
that response achieves peak value rapidly and peak value increases, overshoot increases, and
the system took time to getting stable.
(c): Code:
clc
clear all
close all
num = [25];
den = [1 4 25];
a = tf(num,den)
r = roots(den)
imag = imag(r)*2;
p = [-2.0000+9.1652i -2.0000-9.1652i]
s = poly(p);
tf(num,s)

Output (c):

Scope (c):

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LTI viewer (c):

Characteristics (c):
Original response:
Rise Time = 0.293s
Settling time = 1.68s
Peak Amplitude = 1.25
Overshoot (%) = 25.4 Changed
response:
Rise Time = 0.13s
Settling time = 1.82s
Peak Amplitude = 0.427
Overshoot (%) = 50.4

Discussion:

11 | P a g e
In this task, a second order system is given and we doubled the imaginary part of poles and
noticed that response achieves peak value rapidly but peak value decreases, overshoot
increases and system took more time in getting stable.

(b):Code:
Clc
clear all
close all
num = [25];
den = [1 4 25];
a = tf(num,den)
r = roots(den)
imag = imag(r)*4;
p = [-2.0000+18.3303i -2.0000-18.3303i]
s = poly(p);
tf(num,s)

Output (d):

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Scope (d):

LTI viewer (d):

Characteristics (d):
Original response:
Rise Time = 0.293s
Settling time = 1.68s
Peak Amplitude = 1.25
Overshoot (%) = 25.4 Changed
response:
Rise Time = 0.0615s
Settling time = 1.91s
Peak Amplitude = 0.126
Overshoot (%) = 71

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Discussion:
In this task, a second-order system is given and we quadrupled the imaginary part of poles and
noticed that response achieves peak value slowly and peak value decreases, overshoot increases
and the system gets stable rapidly.
Task 03:

b. plot the step responses of the system when the higher-order pole is nonexistent, at -200,
-20, -1,0 and -2. Make your plots on a single graph, using the Simulink LTI Viewer.
Normalize all plots. Record percent overshoot, settling time, peak time, and rise time for
each response.
c. Using Simulink, add a zero to the second-order system and plot the step responses of the
system when the zero is nonexistent, at -200, -50, -20, -10, -5, and -2. Make your plots
on a single graph, using the Simulink LTI Viewer. Normalize all plots. Record
percent overshoot, settling time, peak time, and rise time for each response.

Output (a):

Scope (a):

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LTI viewer (a):

Characteristics (a):
For part (a):
Rise Time = 0.293s
Settling time = 1.68s
Peak Amplitude = 1.25
Overshoot (%) = 25.4

Discussion:
In this task, a second order system is given and its step response is plotted. It gives the idea that
the system gets overshoot of 25.4% and it rises to its peak value instantly and then settles down
and becomes stable.
Output (b):

1
2
Scope (b):

LTI viewer (b):

Characteristics (b):
For -2:
Rise Time = 0.75s
Settling time = 2.09s
Final value = 0.5
For -10:
Rise Time = 0.5s
Settling time = 1.78s
Peak Amplitude = 0.122
Overshoot (%) = 21.9
Final value = 0.1

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 For -20:
Rise Time = 0.306s
Settling time = 1.73s
Peak Amplitude = 0.0623
Overshoot (%) = 24.5
Final value = 0.05
For -200:
Rise Time = 0.293s
Settling time = 1.69s
Peak Amplitude = 0.00627
Overshoot (%) = 25.4
Final value = 0.005

Discussion:
In this task, a second order system is given and a third order system is added in it having a pole
at different location and noticed that system reaches its peak value rapidly, with overshoot
increased but takes time to become stable, it was also noticed that a pole closer to the origin has
a great effect as compared to a pole far away.

Output (c):

Scope (c):

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LTI viewer (c):

Characteristics (c):
For -2:
Rise Time = 0.0716s
Setting time = 2.02s
Peak Amplitude = 4.31
Overshoot (%) = 115
Final value = 2
For -10:
Rise Time = 0.245s
Setting time = 1.58s
Peak Amplitude = 12.9
Overshoot (%) = 29.4
Final value = 10
For -20:
Rise Time = 0.279s
Setting time = 1.63s
Peak Amplitude = 25.3
Overshoot (%) = 26.3
Final value = 20
For -200:
Rise Time = 0.293s
Setting time = 1.68s
Peak Amplitude = 251
Overshoot (%) = 25.4
Final value = 200

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Discussion:
In this errand, a moment arrange framework is given in which zeros are being included at
distinctive areas and their impact is beneath thought. The ultimate esteem of the flag increments
as the zeros goes distant absent, the top plentifulness increments and the rise time moreover
increments. But the settling time of the flag increments.

Conclusion:
In this lab, I caught on to the concept of solidness. I moreover learned how to calculate the step
reaction of a given framework. I examined how we are able to manipulate the posts and zeros of
the framework and ready to alter the reaction of the framework. We considered the reaction of,
to begin with, moment and third arrange frameworks. We moreover caught on how reaction
changes by changing the genuine and nonexistent parts of the shafts of the moment arrange
framework. We moreover caught on to the concepts of crest sufficiency, rise time, settling time,
overshoot, and last estee

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