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    E5 S2 16 Maleta

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    Kay White
    The document summarizes research on using wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) to produce 3D objects from C70600 copper-nickel alloy. Samples were printed using different process parameters and evaluated based on geometry, microstructure, hardness, and defects. The samples with the fewest internal defects and most homogeneous hardness had an average welded layer thickness of 1.5 mm. The microstructure consisted of crystals elongated toward the baseplate. The parameters that produced the best samples were selected for further optimizing the manufacturing process of 3D objects from C70600 copper-nickel alloy using WAAM.

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    E5 S2 16 Maleta

    Uploaded by

    Kay White
    14 views1 page
    The document summarizes research on using wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) to produce 3D objects from C70600 copper-nickel alloy. Samples were printed using different process parameters and evaluated based on geometry, microstructure, hardness, and defects. The samples with the fewest internal defects and most homogeneous hardness had an average welded layer thickness of 1.5 mm. The microstructure consisted of crystals elongated toward the baseplate. The parameters that produced the best samples were selected for further optimizing the manufacturing process of 3D objects from C70600 copper-nickel alloy using WAAM.

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    E5_S2_16_MALETA

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    The document summarizes research on using wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) to produce 3D objects from C70600 copper-nickel alloy. Samples were printed using different process parameters and evaluated based on geometry, microstructure, hardness, and defects. The samples with the fewest internal defects and most homogeneous hardness had an average welded layer thickness of 1.5 mm. The microstructure consisted of crystals elongated toward the baseplate. The parameters that produced the best samples were selected for further optimizing the manufacturing process of 3D objects from C70600 copper-nickel alloy using WAAM.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    14 views1 page

    E5 S2 16 Maleta

    Uploaded by

    Kay White
    The document summarizes research on using wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) to produce 3D objects from C70600 copper-nickel alloy. Samples were printed using different process parameters and evaluated based on geometry, microstructure, hardness, and defects. The samples with the fewest internal defects and most homogeneous hardness had an average welded layer thickness of 1.5 mm. The microstructure consisted of crystals elongated toward the baseplate. The parameters that produced the best samples were selected for further optimizing the manufacturing process of 3D objects from C70600 copper-nickel alloy using WAAM.

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    of 1

    E M E R G E M AT

    5th International Conference


    Emerging Technologies in Materials Engineering
    27-28 October 2022 - Bucharest, Romania

    Research on the process of manufacturing 3D objects using the WAAM method


    from the C70600 copper-nickel alloy
    M. Maleta1*, J. Kulasa1, A. Kowalski1, A. Brudny1, P. Kwaśniewski2
    1 Łukasiewicz Research Network - Institute of Non-Ferrous Metals, 5 Sowińskiego Street, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
    2 AGH University of Science and Technology, 30 Mickiewicza Avenue, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
    * Corresponding author: [email protected]

    Introduction
    The WAAM (Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing) method was used for research on the process of manufacturing three-dimensional elements batch
    material in the form of a commercial wire with a diameter of 1 mm made of C70600 copper-nickel alloy. Attempts to produce items spatial analysis was carried out on a
    GEFERTEC WAAM 3D printer. Initial process parameters were selected on the basis of information obtained from the literature, and on the basis of own experience after
    printing trials with copper alloys. After creating initial welds and selecting output parameters, a pilot batch of spatial elements was produced. During the printing
    process, process parameters were modified in order to eliminate the splash effect of liquid metal. The printing was carried out on a steel base S235. A gas mixture of
    Ar/He 50/50 was used to create a protective atmosphere. The obtained spatial elements were subjected to geometric measurements, preliminary microstructure and
    hardness tests to assess the quality and homogeneity of the product material, as well as verification of the applied process parameters.
    Test results

    Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 4

    Sample 5 Sample 6 Sample 7

    GEFERTEC's WAAM 3D printer and a view of printed spatial objects Printed three-dimensional objects after the surface sandblasting process

    Parameters of the printing process of spatial objects made of C70600 Results of hardness measurements in the Average thickness of the hardfaced layer
    copper-nickel alloy cross-section of manufactured objects for manufactured objects
    2,5
    Wirefeed Arc Dyn- Final End Hardness HV10
    Burnback
    Sample I, A U, V speed, length /puls- current, times, Sample Area 1 Area 2 Area 3 Area 4 Area 5 2,0
    Layer thickness, mm

    -corr., s
    m/min corr., % corr. % s
    1 118 176 160 174 175
    1 133 18,4 7 0 0 0 70 0,3 1,5
    2 124 180 169 180 171
    2 133 18,4 7 0 0 0 70 0,1
    3 125 185 156 166 169 1,0 2,14 2,07
    3 133 18,4 7 0 0 0 100 0,1
    4 133 18,4 7 -10 0 0 100 0,1 4 123 182 164 153 157 1,51 1,48
    1,18 1,28
    5 133 18,4 7 -10 -2,5 0 100 0,1 5 119 169 156 170 172 0,5 1,08
    6 133 18,4 7 -10 0 -0,1 100 0,1 6 127 168 163 169 158
    7 150 19,4 8 -10 0 -0,1 100 0,1 7 120 153 176 170 169 0,0
    1 2 3 4 5 6 7

    Area 1

    Area 2

    Area 3 Area 1 Area 3 Area 5


    The microstructure in the cross-section of the sample 4

    Area 4

    Area 5

    1 2 4 5 6 7
    Macrostructure in the cross-section of manufactured objects Sample 3 Sample 6 Sample 7
    Microporosity near the surface in the longitudinal section of the manufactured objects
    Summary
    The smallest number of internal defects after observations of the microstructure in the transverse and longitudinal sections were found for printed objects no. 1 and 2,
    the largest for objects no. 3, 6 and 7. Defects in the form of voids and microporosity are mostly located in the outer areas of samples taken from the longitudinal
    section. The hardness measurements show that the highest homogeneity of the material was obtained for samples no. 1, 2 and 6. For objects no. 1 and 2, the average
    thickness of the welded layer was about 1.5 mm. The microstructure of the manufactured objects made of C70600 alloy is characterized by crystals elongated in the
    direction of heat dissipation (towards the baseplate). On the basis of the research, the printing parameters were selected for further research on the optimization of
    the manufacturing process of spatial objects made of C70600 copper-nickel alloy.

    Acknowledgments
    The research was conducted as part of the Implementation Doctorate programme at Łukasiewicz Research Network – Institute of Non-Ferrous Metals in Gliwice.

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