Specialized Agencies of The United Nations
Specialized Agencies of The United Nations
Specialized Agencies of The United Nations
The International Labour Organization (ILO) is a United Nations agency dealing with labour issues,
particularly international labour standards and decent work for all. In 1969, the organization received
the Nobel Peace Prize for improving peace among classes, pursuing justice for workers, and providing
technical assistance to developing nations. The ILO registers complaints against entities that are
violating international rules; however, it does not impose sanctions on governments. Its motto is ‘If you
desire peace, cultivate justice’
Aims:
The International Labour Organization (ILO) is devoted to promoting social justice and
internationally recognized human and labour rights, pursuing its founding mission that labour
peace is essential to prosperity.
Today, the ILO helps advance the creation of decent work and the economic and working
conditions that give working people and business people a stake in lasting peace, prosperity and
progress.
Its tripartite structure provides a unique platform for promoting decent work for all women and
men.
Its main aims are to promote rights at work, encourage decent employment opportunities,
enhance social protection and strengthen dialogue on work-related issues.
To put and end of child labour;
Training, education and research activities to help advance all of these efforts
Objectives:
Activities:
Forced Labour: The ILO has considered the fight against forced labour to be one of its main
priorities. In June 1998 the International Labour Conference adopted a Declaration on
Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work and its Follow-up. With the adoption of the
Declaration, the International Labour Organization (ILO) created the InFocus Programme on
Promoting the Declaration. In November 2001, following the publication of the In Focus
Programme's first Global Report on forced labour, the ILO Governing Body created a Special
Action Programme to Combat Forced Labour (SAP-FL), as part of broader efforts to promote the
1998 Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work and its Follow-up.
Since its inception, SAP-FL has focused on raising global awareness of forced labour in its
different forms, and mobilising action against its manifestation. Several thematic and country-
specific studies and surveys have since been undertaken, on such diverse aspects of forced
labour as bonded labour, human trafficking, forced domestic work, rural servitude, and forced
prison labour.
Minimum wage law: To protect the right of labours for fixing minimum wage, ILO has created
Minimum Wage-Fixing Machinery Convention, 1928, Minimum Wage Fixing Machinery
(Agriculture) Convention, 1951 and Minimum Wage Fixing Convention, 1970 as minimum wage
law.
HIV/AIDS: Under the name ILOAIDS, the ILO created the Code of Practice on HIV/AIDS and the
World of Work as a document providing principles for "policy development and practical
guidelines for programmes at enterprise, community, and national levels." Including: prevention
of HIV; management and mitigation of the impact of AIDS on the world of work; care and
support of workers infected and affected by HIV/AIDS; elimination of stigma and discrimination
on the basis of real or perceived HIV status.
Indigenous peoples: ILO-Convention 169 concerns indigenous and tribal peoples in independent
countries. It was adopted on 27 June 1989 by the General Conference of the ILO at its 76th
session. Its entry into force was 5 September 1991.
Migrant workers: As the word "migrant" suggests, migrant workers refer to those who moves
from place to place to do their job.For the rights of migrant workers, ILO has adopted
conventions, including Migrant Workers (Supplementary Provisions) Convention, 1975 and
United Nations Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members
of Their Families in 1990.
Domestic workers: Domestic workers are those who perform a variety of tasks for and in other
peoples. For example, they may cook / clean the house and look after children. Yet they are
often the ones with the least consideration, excluded from labour and social protection. This is
mainly due to the fact that women have traditionally carried out the tasks without pay. For the
rights and decent work of domestic workers including migrant domestic workers, ILO has
adopted Convention on domestic workers on 16 June 2011.
ILO and Globalization Seeking a process of globalization that is inclusive, democratically
governed and provides opportunities and tangible benefits for all countries and people. The
World Commission on the Social Dimension of Globalization was established by the ILO's
Governing Body in February 2002 at the initiative of the Director-General in response to the fact
that there did not appear to be a space within the multilateral system that would cover
adequately and comprehensively the social dimension of the various aspects of globalization.
The World Commission Report, A Fair Globalization: Creating Opportunities for All, is the first
attempt at structured dialogue among representatives of constituencies with different interests
and opinions on the social dimension of globalization, aimed at finding common ground on one
of the most controversial and divisive subjects of our time.
The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) that is
concerned with international public health. It was established on 7 April 1948, with
headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland, and is a member of the United Nations Development
Group. Since its creation, WHO has been responsible for playing a leading role in the eradication
of smallpox.
Aims:
Providing leadership on matters critical to health and engaging in partnerships where joint
action is needed;
Shaping the research agenda and stimulating the generation, translation and dissemination of
valuable knowledge;
Setting norms and standards and promoting and monitoring their implementation;
Articulating ethical and evidence-based policy options;
Providing technical support, catalyzing change, and building sustainable institutional capacity;
and
Monitoring the health situation and assessing health trends.
Objectives:
To strengthen and support the capabilities and effectiveness of Member States for assessing and
addressing nutrition, malnutrition, and diet-related problems, primarily through the
development and implementation of national nutrition policies, programmes and plans of
action.
To develop through consultation, research and collaboration, the scientific knowledge base,
methodologies, authoritative standards, norms and criteria, and guidelines and strategies for
detecting, preventing and managing all major forms of malnutrition, whether of deficiency or
excess, for application by Member States.
To promote optimal sustainable health and nutrition benefits of food-assisted development
projects targeted to the vulnerable food-insecure, particularly by ensuring the relevance and
effectiveness of WFP food aid policies and programmes, in both emergency and development
contexts.
To maintain global databases for monitoring, evaluating, and reporting on the world's major
forms of malnutrition, the effectiveness of nutrition programmes, and progress towards
achieving targets at national, regional and global levels.
Establish links between climate change and health and other development areas such as
environment, food, energy, transport;
Activities:
Communicable diseases: Although WHO dropped its commitment to a global malaria eradication
campaign in the 1970s as too ambitious, it retains a strong commitment to malaria control.
WHO's Global Malaria Programme works to keep track of malaria cases, and future problems in
malaria control schemes. WHO is to report, likely in 2015, as to whether RTS,S/AS01, currently in
research, is a viable malaria vaccine. WHO's help has contributed to a 40% fall in the number of
deaths from tuberculosis between 1990 and 2010, and since 2005, it claims that over 46 million
people have been treated and an estimated 7 million lives saved through practices advocated by
WHO. These include engaging national governments and their financing, early diagnosis,
standardising treatment, monitoring of the spread and impact of tuberculosis and stabilising the
drug supply. It has also recognised the vulnerability of victims of HIV/AIDS to tuberculosis. WHO
aims to eradicate polio. It has also been successful in helping to reduce cases by 99% since the
Global Polio Eradication Initiative was launched in 1988, which partnered WHO with Rotary
International, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the United Nations
Children’s Fund (UNICEF), as well as smaller organizations. It works to immunize young children
and prevent the re-emergence of cases in countries declared "polio-free".
Non-communicable diseases: Another of the thirteen areas is aimed at the prevention and
reduction of "disease, disability and premature from chronic noncommunicable diseases, mental
disorders, violence and injuries and visual impairment".
Life and lifestyle: WHO also works to "reduce morbidity and mortality and improve health during
key stages of life, including pregnancy, childbirth, the neonatal period, childhood and
adolescence, and improve sexual and reproductive health and promote active and healthy aging
for all individuals". It also tries to prevent or reduce risk factors for"health conditions associated
with use of tobacco, alcohol, drugs and other psychoactive substances, unhealthy diets and
physical inactivity and unsafe sex". WHO works to improve nutrition, food safety and food
security and to ensure this has a positive effect on public health and sustainable development.
Emergency work: When any sort of disaster or emergency occurs, it is WHO's stated objective to
reduce any consequences it may have on world health and its social and economic implications.
Health policy: WHO also addresses government health policy with two aims: firstly, "to address
the underlying social and economic determinants of health through policies and programmes
that enhance health equity and integrate pro-poor, genderresponsive, and human rights-based
approaches" and secondly "to promote a healthier environment, intensify primary prevention
and influence public policies in all sectors so as to address the root causes of environmental
threats to health". In terms of health services, WHO looks to improve "governance, financing,
staffing and management" and the availability and quality of evidence and research to guide
policy making. It also strives to "ensure improved access, quality and use of medical products
and technologies".[18]
Governance and support: The remaining two of WHO's thirteen identified policy areas relate to
the role of WHO itself: firstly, "to provide leadership, strengthen governance and foster
partnership and collaboration with countries, the United Nations system, and other
stakeholders in order to fulfill the mandate of WHO in advancing the global health agenda" and
secondly "to develop and sustain WHO as a flexible, learning organization, enabling it to carry
out its mandate more efficiently and effectively".
Other work: The WHO and the World Bank constitute the core team responsible for
administering the International Health Partnership (IHP+). The IHP+ is a group of partner
governments, development agencies, civil society and others committed to improving the health
of citizens in developing countries. Partners work together to put international principles for aid
effectiveness and development cooperation into practice in the health sector. In addition, the
WHO has also promoted road safety. Each year, the organization marks World Health Day
focusing on a specific health promotion topic, timed to match the anniversary of WHO's
founding. Recent themes have been drug resistance (2011) and ageing (2012). As part of the
United Nations, the World Health Organization supports work towards the Millennium
Development Goals. Of the eight Millennium Development Goals, three – reducing child
mortality by two-thirds, to reduce maternal deaths by three-quarters, and to halt and begin to
reduce the spread of HIV/AIDS – relate directly to WHO's scope; the other five inter-relate and
have an impact on world health.
3. Food and Agriculture Organization(FAO):
The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) is a specialized agency of the
United Nations that leads international efforts to defeat hunger. Serving both developed and
developing countries, FAO acts as a neutral forum where all nations meet as equals to negotiate
agreements and debate policy. Its Latin motto, fiat panis, translates into English as "let there be
bread".
Aims:
To guarantee that people have regular access to enough high-quality food to lead active, healthy
lives through capacity development and awareness raising;
FAO is responsible for raising levels of nutrition;
To improvagricultural productivity;
Improving the lives of rural populations, and
Contributing to the growth of the world economy
Objectives:
A specific priority of the Organization is promoting and supporting sustainable agriculture and
rural development, a long-term strategy for the conservation and management of natural
resources;
Its objective is to meet the needs of both present and future generations through programmes
that do not degrade the environment and are technically appropriate, economically viable and
socially acceptable;
Eradicate food insecurity and rural poverty;
Ensure an enabling policy and regulatory framework for food and agriculture, fisheries and
forestry;
Secure a sustainable increase in the supply and availability of food, conserve and enhance the
natural resource base, and generate knowledge on all aspects of food and agriculture, fisheries
and forestry.
Activities:
Response to food crisis: In December 2007, FAO launched its Initiative on Soaring Food Prices to
help small producers raise their output and earn more. Under the initiative, FAO contributed to
the work of the UN High-Level Task Force on the Global Food Crisis, which produced the
Comprehensive Framework for Action. FAO has carried out projects in over 25 countries and
inter-agency missions in nearly 60, scaled up its monitoring through the Global Information and
Early Warning System on Food and Agriculture, provided policy advice to governments while
supporting their efforts to increase food production, and advocated for more investment in
agriculture. It has also worked hand-in-hand with the European Union. One example of its work
is a US$10.2 million, €7.5 billion scheme to distribute and multiply quality seeds in Haiti, which
has significantly increased food production, thereby providing cheaper food and boosting
farmers' incomes.
FAO–EU partnership: In May 2009, FAO and the European Union signed an initial aid package
worth €125 million to support small farmers in countries hit hard by rising food prices. The aid
package falls under the EU’s €1 billion Food Facility, set up with the UN Secretary-General’s
High-Level Task Force on the Global Food Crisis and FAO to focus on programmes that will have
a quick but lasting impact on food security. FAO is receiving a total of around €200 million for
work in 25 countries, of which €15.4 million goes to Zimbabwe.Food security programmes: The
Special Programme for Food Security is FAO's flagship initiative for reaching the goal of halving
the number of hungry in the world by 2015 (currently estimated at close to 1 billion people), as
part of its commitment to the Millennium Development Goals. Through projects in over 100
countries worldwide, the programme promotes effective, tangible solutions to the elimination
of hunger, undernourishment and poverty. Currently 102 countries are engaged in the
programme and of these approximately 30 have begun shifting from pilot to national
programmes. To maximize the impact of its work, FAO strongly promotes national ownership
and local empowerment in the countries in which it operates.
Emergency response: FAO helps countries prevent, mitigate, prepare for and respond to
emergencies. FAO focuses on strengthening capacity for disaster preparedness and ability to
mitigate impact of emergencies on food security, by forecasting and providing early warning of
adverse conditions, assessing needs and devising programmes which promote the transition
from relief to reconstruction and development, improving analysis of underlying causes of
crises, and strengthening local capacities to cope with risks. An example of its work was a recent
report outlining poor crop prospects in eastern Africa.
Early warning of food emergencies: FAO’s Global Information and Early Warning System (GIEWS)
monitors world food supply/demand and provides the international community with prompt
information on crop prospects and the food security situation on a global, regional and country-
by-country basis. In case of impending food emergencies, the system dispatches rapid crop and
food supply assessment missions, often jointly with the World Food Programme, and sometimes
as a precursor to further intervention and assistance.
Integrated pest management: During the 1990s, FAO took a leading role in the promotion of
integrated pest management for rice production in Asia. Hundreds of thousands of farmers were
trained using an approach known as the Farmer Field School (FFS). Like many of the
programmes managed by FAO, the funds for Farmer Field Schools came from bilateral Trust
Funds, with Australia, Netherlands, Norway and Switzerland acting as the leading donors. FAO's
efforts in this area have drawn praise from NGOs that have otherwise criticized much of the
work of the organization.
Transboundary pests and diseases: FAO established an Emergency Prevention System for
Transboundary Animal and Plant Pests and Diseases in 1994, focusing on the control of diseases
like rinderpest, foot-and-mouth disease and avian flu by helping governments coordinate their
responses. One key element is the Global Rinderpest Eradication Programme, which has
advanced to a stage where large tracts of Asia and Africa have now been free of the cattle
disease rinderpest for an extended period of time. Meanwhile Locust Watch monitors the
worldwide locust situation and keeps affected countries and donors informed of expected
developments.
International Plant Protection Convention: FAO created the International Plant Protection
Convention or IPPC in 1952. This international treaty organization works to prevent the
international spread of pests and plant diseases. Among its functions are the maintenance of
lists of plant pests, tracking of pest outbreaks, and coordination of technical assistance between
member nations. As of May 2012, 177 governments had adopted the treaty.
Global Partnership Initiative for Plant Breeding Capacity Building:The Global Partnership
Initiative for Plant Breeding Capacity Building (GIPB) is a global partnership dedicated to
increasing plant breeding capacity building. The mission of GIPB is to enhance the capacity of
developing countries to improve crops for food security and sustainable development through
better plant breeding and delivery systems. The ultimate goal is to ensure that a critical mass of
plant breeders, leaders, managers and technicians, donors and partners are linked together
through an effective global network. Increasing capacity building for plant breeding in
developing countries is critical for the achievement of meaningful results in poverty and hunger
reduction and to reverse the current worrisome trends. Plant breeding is a well recognized
science capable of widening the genetic and adaptability base of cropping systems, by
combining conventional selection techniques and modern technologies. It is essential to face
and prevent the recurrence of crises such as that of the soaring food prices and to respond to
the increasing demands for crop based sources of energy.
Codex Alimentarius: FAO and the World Health Organization created the Codex Alimentarius
Commission in 1963 to develop food standards, guidelines and texts such as codes of practice
under the Joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Programme. The main aims of the programme are
protecting consumer health, ensuring fair trade and promoting coordination of all food
standards work undertaken by intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations.
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization is a specialized agency of the
United Nations (UN). Its purpose is to contribute to peace and security by promoting international
collaboration through education, science, and culture in order to further universal respect for
justice, the rule of law, and human rights along with fundamental freedoms proclaimed in the UN
Charter. Its motto is ‘ Building Peace in the minds of Men and Women’
Aims:
To promote the expression of cultural and linguistic diversity through communication and
information;
To contribute to building an inclusive knowledge society, where disadvantaged communities
may fully participate;
To promote the provision and appropriation by local communities of traditional media and ICTs
as a development tool,;
To provide a human and cultural dimension to international cooperation efforts in order to
reach sustainable development;
To improve inter-cultural communication and understanding and to create an enabling
environment for democratic dialogue;
To promote a free and better balanced flow of information and freedom of expression.
Objectives:
To facilitate the convergence of the traditional strengths of libraries with ICTs to accelerate
knowledge development and promote access to local content;
To strengthen the capacity of local partners in compiling and maintaining local information
resources;
To provide advanced training in their own regions to content creators from disadvantaged
areas;
To encourage the production of creative, culturally diverse content for radio, television and the
Internet in developing countries;
To stimulate the dissemination and exchange of diversified content from developing countries at
the national, regional and international levels;
To encourage networking of communication and information institutions to widen access to
experience and locally produced content for mutual benefit.
Activities:
UNESCO implements its activities through the five programme areas of Education, Natural Sciences,
Social and Human Sciences, Culture, and Communication and Information.
Education: UNESCO supports research in Comparative education; and provides expertise and
fosters partnerships to strengthen national educational leadership and the capacity of countries
to offer quality education for all. This includes the:
Designating projects and places of cultural and scientific significance, such as:
o International Decade for the Promotion of a Culture of Peace and Non-Violence for the
Children of the World: 2001–2010, proclaimed by the UN in 1998
o World Press Freedom Day, 3 May each year, to promote freedom of expression and
freedom of the press as a basic human right and as crucial components of any healthy,
democratic and free society.
o Criança Esperança in Brazil, in partnership with Rede Globo, to raise funds for
community-based projects that foster social integration and violence prevention.
o International Literacy Day
o International Year for the Culture of Peace
United Nations Children's Fund is a United Nations Programme headquartered in New York City,
that provides long-term humanitarian and developmental assistance to children and mothers in
developing countries. UNICEF was created by the United Nations General Assembly on December
11, 1946, to provide emergency food and healthcare to children in countries that had been
devastated by World War II.
Aims:
UNICEF is mainly focused on the growth and welfare of children and youth, as this organization
knows that, these people are going to be the architect of the future.
It is engaged in many programs to provide the right nutrition to malnourished children in many
backward countries of the world.
It discourages child labor vehemently, and consistently. UNICEF focuses on giving every child an
education. It is also taking all those necessary steps to ensure that every child could get the
basic education for free.
To assist and facilitate achievement of objectives formulated for UNICEF Country Programs
(national-level advocacy, capacity building, mainstreaming of HIV/AIDS into UNICEF
programming, technical assistance for behaviour development and change, reproductive health,
care and support, and going to scale).
To facilitate and develop multi-country and multi-agency initiatives and responses to effectively
reduce HIV transmission and the impact of HIV/AIDS on children, youth, women and families,
and people with high-risk behaviour.
To keep Country Offices and partners informed about emerging issues, assist with the
development of effective responses to these issues, as well as facilitate exchange and sharing of
information, experiences and resources.
To participate and help to coordinate new regional and country initiatives to reduce trafficking
in women and children with HIV/AIDS/STD prevention and care activities.
Objectives:
It is also fighting against gender inequality. UNICEF is arranging different programs in different
parts of the world to teach parents to see both boys and girls with the same importance.
UNICEF is undertaking different programs to reduce the child mortality rate by giving them
proper treatment.
UNICEF is also fighting against child abuse, violence and exploitation.
UNICEF is also fighting against endemic diseases such as malaria. It has a noble aim to eradicate
many endemic diseases from world.
It is also taking many steps to administer proper immunization, especially to children. This
organization is distributing free vaccines in many areas, where people can't afford to buy
vaccines.
There are many countries in the world, where people are not getting water to drink. In those
areas, UNICEF takes many expensive measures to provide water to the people.
Activities:
Overview of activities: For nearly 60 years UNICEF has been the world’s leader for children,
working on the ground in 158 countries to help children survive and thrive, from early childhood
through adolescence. The world’s largest provider of vaccines for poor countries, UNICEF
supports child health and nutrition, quality basic education for all boys and girls, access to clean
water and sanitation, and the protection of children from violence, exploitation, and AIDS.
Many people in industrialised countries first hear about UNICEF’s work through the activities of
37 National Committees for UNICEF. These non-governmental organisations promote children’s
rights, raise funds, sell UNICEF greeting cards and products, create key partnerships, and provide
other invaluable support. UNICEF is funded entirely by the voluntary contributions of
governments, businesses, foundations and individuals. UNICEF's 2004 budget totalled US $1.7
billion.
Role in emergency relief and reconstruction: The central role of UNICEF in humanitarian
emergency situations is advocacy, assessment and coordination to ensure the care and
protection of vulnerable children. To that end, UNICEF coordinates services to meet the
physical, emotional, cognitive, social and nutritional needs of children and women. UNICEF’s
field workers are often among the first on the ground working to relieve the suffering of children
and families. UNICEF is also closely involved in long-term recovery and rebuilding efforts to
restore a sense of ordinary life in the wake of disaster.
Major opportunities for business support: UNICEF partners with leading corporations around
the world to develop long-term alliances that support UNICEF’s mission to ensure the health,
education, equality and protection of every child. In addition to bringing funds to support
UNICEF’s programmes, corporate partners also enhance UNICEF’s activities on behalf of children
by providing in-kind support. Partners provide research and development assistance, technical
knowledge, access to logistics networks and extensive communications channels.
Contribution/Contact information :UNICEF’s Guidelines for Working with the Business
Community provide the organisation, its National Committees and Country Offices with guiding
principles to help UNICEF identify corporations whose values and missions have the “best fit”
with UNICEF, to ensure a World Fit for Children. UNICEF’s Guidelines for Working with the
Business Community provide the organisation, its National Committees and Country Offices with
guiding principles to help UNICEF identify corporations whose values and missions have the
“best fit” with UNICEF, to ensure a World Fit for Children.
Examples of engagement with the private sector : Companies provide support and donations to
UNICEF during emergencies in myriad ways. For example, in response to the tsunami,
corporations provided and/or engaged in the following activities: