Specialised Agencies of Uno 1
Specialised Agencies of Uno 1
Specialised Agencies of Uno 1
Functions
The FAO coordinates the efforts of governments and
technical agencies in programs for developing
agriculture, forestry, fisheries, and land and water
resources. It also carries out research; provides technical
assistance on projects in individual countries; operates
educational programs through seminars and training
centres; maintains information and support services,
including keeping statistics on world production, trade,
and consumption of agricultural commodities; and
publishes a number of periodicals, yearbooks, and
research bulletins.
FAO concentrates on programs for the development of
high-yield strains of grain, the elimination of protein
deficiencies, the provision of rural employment, and the
promotion of agricultural exports. In 1969 the
organization published An Indicative World Plan for
Agricultural Development, which analyzed the main
problems in world agriculture and suggested strategies for
solving them. The 1974 World Food Conference, held in
Rome during a period of food shortages in the southern
Sahara, prompted the FAO to promote programs relating
to world food security, including helping small
farmers implement low-cost projects to enhance
productivity. In the 1980s and ’90s, FAO programs for
sustainable agriculture and rural development emphasized
strategies that were economically feasible,
environmentally sound, and technologically appropriate to
the skill level of the country.
Programs designed to eleminate hunger and promote its
elimination are the core of the FAO’s work. A centerpiece
initiative, the Special Program for Food Security (SPFS),
aims to reduce the number of people suffering from
hunger by half by 2020. To achieve this goal, projects are
implemented in over 100 countries, with about 30 of them
developing and implementing National Food Security
Programs by mid-2007. Another key FAO initiative was
leading the promotion of integrated pest management for
rice promotion in Asia during the 1990s. Through
bilateral funding from a number of developed countries,
hundreds of thousands of farmers were trained under the
Farmer Field School (FFS), a group-based learning
process.
Despite the progress, the FAO has also attracted much
criticism, particularly since the 1970s. Over the years,
critics have described the organization as increasingly
inefficient, irrelevant, politicized, mediocre, and losing
focus on its purpose to combat global hunger. Several
high-profile summits, reports, and audits have expressed
serious concerns about the FAO’s effectiveness. Radical
changes to its culture and management systems have been
recommended to improve its efficiency and refocus its
strategic priorities.
International Labor Organization (ILO),
Functions
The Secretariat
The Secretariat consists of the Director-General and
the Staff appointed by him or her.
The Director General is appointed by the General
Conference on the recommendations of the Executive
Board for 4 years. He or she works to implement the
decisions and selects a team of civil servants who have
the training and capability to assist in meeting the
planned objectives around the world.
Audrey Azoulay is the present Director-General of
the UNESCO who assumed office on15 November2017
and replaced Irina Bokova
Functions:
The main function of the agency is to contribute to
Peace and security by promoting collaboration among
the nations through education, science and culture so
that the different states of the world may respect
justice, rule of law and human rights and fundamental
freedoms without distinction of sex, race, language or
religion. It concentrates on developing understanding
among nations.
It collaborates in the work of advancing the mutual
knowledge and understanding of peoples through all
means of mass communication. It publishes books of
art and culture of nations and helps in promotion of
goodwill and affinity between different cultures.
It encourages teaching and understanding of science.
It spreads knowledge of the principles of the charter of
the U.N.O., human rights, etc. It exchanges experts, in
various countries, promote and help mass education.
It helps in promoting educational standards and
enrichment of culture.
Activities -
UNESCO pursues its objectives through five
major programs: -
education,
natural sciences,
social/human sciences,
culture,
communication/information.
Projects sponsored by UNESCO include literacy,
technical, and teacher-training programs,
international science programs, the promotion of
independent media and freedom of the press, regional
and cultural history projects, the promotion
of cultural diversity, translations of world literature,
international cooperation agreements to secure the
world's cultural and natural heritage (World Heritage
Sites) and to preserve human rights, and attempts to
bridge the worldwide cultural divide.
UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and
Cultural Organization) is responsible for coordinating
international cooperation in education, science,
culture and communication.
It strengthens the ties between nations and societies,
and mobilizes the wider public so that each child and
citizen:
• has access to quality education; a basic human right
and an indispensable prerequisite for sustainable
development;
• may grow and live in a cultural environment rich in
diversity and dialogue, where heritage serves as a
bridge between generations and peoples;
• can fully benefit from scientific advances.
MEMBERSHIP
As of 2019 , the WHO has 194 member states: all of them
Member States of the United Nations except for the Cook
Islands and Niue. (A state becomes a full member of
WHO by ratifying the treaty known as the Constitution of
the World Health Organization.)
WHO Member States appoint delegations to the World
Health Assembly, WHO's supreme decision-making
body. All UN Member States are eligible for WHO
membership, and, according to the WHO website, "other
countries may be admitted as members when their
application has been approved by a simple majority vote
of the World Health Assembly". Liechtenstein is currently
the only UN member not in the WHO membership.
Headquarter – Geneva
COMPOSITION
SECRETARIAT
FUNCTIONS
WHO fulfills its objective through its functions as defined
in its Constitution:
(a) to act as the directing and coordinating authority on
international health work
(b) to establish and maintain effective collaboration with
the United Nations, specialized agencies, governmental
health administrations, professional groups and such other
organizations as may be deemed appropriate
(c) to assist Governments, upon request, in strengthening
health services
(d) to furnish appropriate technical assistance and, in
emergencies, necessary aid upon the request or
acceptance of Governments
(e) to provide or assist in providing, upon the request of
the United Nations, health services and facilities to
special groups, such as the peoples of trust territories
(f) to establish and maintain such administrative and
technical services as may be required, including
epidemiological and statistical services
(g) to stimulate and advance work to eradicate epidemic,
endemic and other diseases
(h) to promote, in co-operation with other specialized
agencies where necessary, the prevention of accidental
injuries
(i) to promote, in co-operation with other specialized
agencies where necessary, the improvement of nutrition,
housing, sanitation, recreation, economic or working
conditions and other aspects of environmental hygiene
(j) to promote co-operation among scientific and
professional groups which contribute to the advancement
of health
(k) to propose conventions, agreements and regulations,
and make recommendations with respect to international
health matters and to perform.
ACTIVITIES
WHO sponsors measures for the control
of epidemic and endemic disease by promoting mass
campaigns involving nationwide vaccination programs,
instruction in the use of antibiotics and insecticides, the
improvement of laboratory and clinical facilities for
early diagnosis and prevention, assistance in providing
pure-water supplies and sanitation systems, and health
education for people living in rural communities. These
campaigns have had some success
against AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria, and a variety of other
diseases. In May 1980 smallpox was globally eradicated,
a feat due largely to the efforts of WHO.
WHO encourages the strengthening and expansion of
the public health administrations of member nations. The
organization, on request, provides technical advice to
governments in the preparation of long-term national
health plans, sends out international teams of experts to
conduct field surveys and demonstration projects, helps
set up local health centers, and offers aid in the
development of national training institutions for medical
and nursing personnel. Through various education support
programs, WHO is able to provide fellowship awards for
doctors, public-health administrators, nurses, sanitary
inspectors, researchers, and laboratory technicians.
UNICEF
The United Nations Children's Fund
‘UNICEF fights for the rights of every child, every
day, across the globe’
UNICEF works in 190 countries and territories to protect
the rights of every child. UNICEF has spent 70 years
working to improve the lives of children and their
families. Defending children's rights throughout their
lives requires a global presence, aiming to produce results
and understand their effects.
The United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF ) is
a United Nations (UN) programme headquartered in New
York City that provides humanitarian and developmental
assistance to children and mothers in developing
countries.
The United Nations International Children's
Emergency Fund was created by the United Nations
General Assembly on the 11th of December 1946, to
provide emergency food and healthcare to children in
countries that had been devastated by World War II. But
in 1950, UNICEF's mandate was extended to address the
long-term needs of children and women in developing
countries everywhere. In 1953 it became a permanent part
of the United Nations System, and the words
"international" and "emergency" were dropped from the
organization's name, making it simply the United Nations
Children's Fund, retaining the original acronym,
"UNICEF".
The Polish physician Ludwik Rajchman is widely
regarded as the founder of UNICEF and served as its first
chairman from 1946 till his death.
The American Maurice Pate was appointed its first
executive director, serving from 1947 until his death in
1965. Henrietta Holsman Fore is the current Executive
Director of the United Nations Children's Fund
(UNICEF).
UNICEF relies on contributions from governments and
private donors. Governments contribute two-thirds of the
organization's resources. Private groups and individuals
contribute the rest through national committees. It is
estimated that 92 per cent of UNICEF revenue is
distributed to program services. UNICEF's programs
emphasize developing community-level services to
promote the health and well-being of children. UNICEF
was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1965 and
the Prince of Asturias Award of Concord in 2006.